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Cloud Computing: Promises,

Challenges, and Opportunities


Janaka Balasooriya
School of computing, informatics, and decision systems Eng.
Arizona State University
janakab@asu.edu
Agenda
• Distributed/ Enterprise computing :
Historical perspective
• Service Oriented Computing (SOC) and
Web Services
• What is Cloud Computing?
• Different Types of Clouds
• Cloud Architectural Designs : Current State
• Major Players
• Use – cases
• Challenges and Opportunities
• References
Introduction
Distributed Information Systems

• Any information system has


requesters and service providers.
Client
• At abstract level, information
systems are designed around three
layers: presentation layer,
Information system

presentation layer application layer, resource


management layer.
application logic layer
• The way these layers are arranged
resource management layer between service provider and the
service requester determine if it is
1-tier, 2-tier,3-tier or n-tier.

service provider

3
Introduction
 Chronology of Distributed Information Systems:

• Required to integrate several


1-tier
Main frame
services together to form a
sophisticated services (workflows).
• Inter-organizational integration.
2-tier
RPC-based,
• Can be done in several layers
classical client server
• Presentation layer
• Middleware layer
3(N)-tier
Middleware •Development of Inter-organizational
workflows is handicapped due to several
reasons:
EAI •organizations are reluctant to expose
B2B integration there application logic.
• Heterogeneity of application logic and
technology used. 4
Web Services and SOC : Hide Network
and System Heterogeneity
RMI
Conventional Distributed Systems:
B
 Conventional middleware and
Inter- Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
Operability
A Protocols C technologies have limited success.
 Lack of Inter-operability.
CORBA
COM

Solution Web Services:


 Uniform interface (WSDL: Web Service
Description Language)
BB
 Common communication platform
(SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol)
SOAP
CC
 Hide the network and system
A
A
heterogeneity.
5
What is Cloud Computing?

• Cloud computing is the current buzz word in Enterprise computing


•The core idea is to provide a framework that facilitates sharing resources
(Infrastructure, software, applications, and business processors) in on-demand
basis. => “C o m puting bec o m es a utility “
Architectural Layers of Cloud
• Different categories of clouds are classified along the lines of – a s a
s ervic e term.

Software as a Service
(SaaS)
Platform as Service
(PaaS)
Infrustructure as
Service (IaaS)

Fig ure 1: A rc hitec tura l L a yers o f C lo ud


Cloud Computing Architectural
Models
• Currently, there is no well accepted architecture of cloud infrastructure.
• In [1], Sun Microsystems presents a generic Cloud Computing
Architecture

Fig ure 2: C loud A rc hitec ture fro m S un


M ic ro s ys tem s [1]
Seven Principles of Cloud Architecture
[2]for Cloud : For Vendors, Partners
1. Integrated Ecosystem Management
and End users.

2. Virtualization for Cloud Infrastructure : Maintain Hardware and


software resources availability in dynamic, on-demand manner.

3. Service Orientation for Common Reusable Components : Present


reusable components as web Services

4. Extensible Provisioning and Subscription for Clouds: How Cloud


users easily access (subscribe to) services. How cloud service provides
provision services.

5. Configurable Enablement for Cloud Offerings: Cloud offering levels


(SaaS, IaaS, or PaaS)

6. Unified Information Representation and Exchange Framework:


How different Cloud Entities Exchange Messages

7. Cloud Quality and Governance: Reliability, Security, Billing …etc


Figure 3: Cloud Computing Open Architecture [2]
Major Players
1. Amarzon.com (http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ ): Amazon’s Elastic Compute
Cloud (EC2)

• This is an example of IaaS cloud architecture that provides “metered,


on-demand rental of virtual machine computing resources” [3] .
• It also facilitates storage facilities.
• Some users include
• New York Times - data conversion
((http://open.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/01/self-service-prorated-
super-computing-fun/ )
2. Google : Google App Engine (http://code.google.com/appengine/)

• This is an example of a PaaS model.


• Google App Engine provides online application configuration and
deployment platform.
• Some of the users
• BestBuy for their Gifttag service
• White house uses an App engine based Moderator handle high
volume online voting during town hall meetings.
Major Players
3. Salesforce (http://www.salesforce.com/platform/ ): force.com

• Salesforce provides specialized Customer Relationship Management


software (SaaS)
• Force.com provides application development platform for building
Business Workflow applications

• Other Major Players Include [3]


• IBM Blue Cloud
• Microsoft Azure
Challenges and Opportunities
• What is the best Cloud Computing
Architecture
• Scalability
• Availability
• Security
• Virtualization techniques
• Cost Models
References
[1] Introduction to Cloud Computing Architecture, White paper, Sun
Microsystems (http://www.sun.com/featured-articles/CloudComputing.pdf)

[2] Liang-Jie Zhang; Qun Zhou. CCOA: Cloud Computing Open


Architecture. ICWS 2009. IEEE International Conference on. 2009

[3] Cloud Computing: A Taxonomy of P latform and. Infrastructure-level


Offerings. David Hilley, technical report, GT
(http://www.cercs.gatech.edu/tech-reports/tr2009/git-cercs-09-13.pdf)

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