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Home server, feature, ftp, top

How to set up a home FTP server

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1. How to set up a home FTP server ->>
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use the following information


If you've been following the the Lifehacker Home Server Series of
articles, you know how to do things like reach your home computer
from anywhere in the world thanks to dynamic DNS services. Gina
wrote about how to set up a personal home web server, but in my
experience the killer home server feature that hasn't been covered
to date is how to set up a personal FTP server at home. A home FTP
server is useful to anyone who wants to save and retrieve files on
their computer from anywhere. Ever forget a Word document on
your home desktop that you really need at work? Ever download a
PDF that explains how to fix something at work and you realize too
late you left it at home that morning? If you have a personal FTP
server, and you can reach your computer from any place on earth,
your files will never be captive on your hard drive at home again.

My home FTP server has saved me on many occasions. Sometimes


it's when I'm on a business trip and need an extra file left at home,
most often it's when I'm in the office and didn't remember to bring
files I worked on at home. By far my best FTP story is from a few
years ago, when my wife was giving a reading at a wedding. A
couple hours before the ceremony, we realized we left the poem
sitting in the tray of my printer at home. We sped to my nearby
office, I FTP'd to my desktop, got the Word doc downloaded and
printed it there, which we took to the wedding with time to spare.
My home FTP server saved the day.

The main advantage of a home FTP server over a web server is that
you can save files to the server, whereas with a web server, you can
only get files. The disadvantage of a home FTP server is that you
need an FTP client to connect to it, whereas web servers can be
accessed using a plain old web browser. However, many modern
web browsers support the FTP protocol. Instead of prefacing the URL
with http://, use ftp://. That said, most web browsers make crappy
FTP clients. You should use a more fully-featured FTP client to
conect to your server like SmartFTP or WS_FTP wherever possible.

Let's get started.


What you'll need:

1. A Windows PC
2. An always-on broadband (DSL or cable) internet connection

Step 1: Download and install Serv-U FTP

Serv-U FTP is a nice windows FTP server app that has a simple to
use interface. It's been around for years — I've used it since 1997
and it works flawlessly. The newest version adds more security
through SSL support and the best part of all is that the personal
version which allows for two FTP logins is completely free.

Now, don't get confused because they have several levels of pricing
and several editions, but you can download a single package from
here that includes all versions. Once installed, you will have a
"corporate edition" that after thirty days will become the "personal
edition." If you follow along this tutorial, you won't be using any
special features so you shouldn't see anything change once the
application reverts to the free version. And by all means, if you
decide to use this on a machine at work, make your employer pay
for a license, but as long as this is on your home computer, free
personal use is fine.

Step 2: Complete setup and create a user login

After the initial setup is done, Serv-U should start the administrator
and ask you to create a new user account. Start off by first putting
in the domain name you used to setup your dynamic DNS. The
names I'm using in these figures are for demonstration purposes.
(Click to enlarge image.)
To keep your FTP server for your own use, be sure to disable
Anonymous access by selecting "No" when asked.

When it asks for your Home Directory, it's probably best to just say
C:\ for your home windows machine. This will give you easy access
to any file on the main drive. Be sure you say No to locking your
own user in the home directory, otherwise you might not be allowed
to switch to other drives.

Step 3: Grant proper rights to any drives you have

When you are done creating a new user account, start the FTP
server and the Serv-U Administrator application. Expand the
Domains tree to show your server, then the Users tree to find your
account. With your user selected, click the Dir Access tab on the
right pane, as shown. (Click to enlarge.)
Highlight the drive letter and fill all the checkboxes on the right side
except for "Execute". This will give you total access to upload,
download, delete, create, and make any directory changes as well.
If you're nervous about your account having too much access, you
can probably get away with just read or read and write access for
most things. Also be sure to add any other drives on your computer
(I have a second hard drive with the letter E:\ on mine, as shown in
the figure).

Step 4: Be sure you have outside access to your new FTP


server

Like many of you reading this, I have a router/firewall/wireless


access point at home that shares my broadband connection with
every internet device in the house. Most router/firewall/wireless
points hand out internal IP addresses and keep your computers
safely away from outside access, but if you're running your own FTP
or web server at home, you'll want to poke a hole in the firewall and
map port 21 to your home computer running Serv-U.

Here's a screenshot of my D-Link wireless router's advanced


settings page where I'm mapping port 21 to my home computer,
which is known by the internal-only 192.168.1.1 IP address.
For regular FTP connections, map port 21 to your computer, for
secure FTP connections, map port 990 to your computer on the
network (or just map both).

Step 5: Test it out

The last thing to do is to test out your FTP server by firing up a FTP
client and try connecting to your own server. Even though you are
using the very computer you are testing, if you try to FTP using the
outside address (your dynamic DNS name), it will be exactly like
connecting from the outside.

Here's a partial screenshot of me using WS_FTP Pro. On the right


pane, I'm connected to my own FTP server (I called it "home" and
saved it to a profile) and I'm looking at my desktop files. (Click to
enlarge.)
Optional Super Bonus Step 6: Keep your FTP secure like Fort
Knox

The last step is optional, and depends on how you will access your
home server's FTP. If you share a large corporate network or ever
want to access your home server from an open wireless access
point, by all means set Serv-U to allow secure (SSL) connections.
This will encrypt your password and any files that are transmitted,
keeping prying eyes from knowing how to access your home server
or what you did during your connections.

It's pretty easy to do in Serv-U. Bring up your Serv-U Administrator


application, click your home server's domain name under the
Domains area. On the right pane, there is a setting marked Security
and change the pull-down to Allow SSL/TLS and regular sessions
(see below) or for even more security set it to Allow only SSL/TLS
sessions. Then hit Apply to save this setting.

When you connect to it the first time, you might get a warning
about a bogus certificate provided by Serv-U. Just set your FTP
program to always trust it and you won't see this warning again.
That's it. Now you'll never forget a file at home because anything on
your home computer will be accessible from anywhere else on
earth.

Matt Haughey, web developer and designer, founded popular


community weblog MetaFilter, publishes news on all things personal
video recorder at PVR Blog and posts daily photographs at Ten
Years of My Life.

Read More:

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4. Create Your Own Cross-Platform Backup Server

9:00 PM on Thu Oct 13 2005


265,098 views
29 comments

Comments

• montag451 at 10:57 AM on 10/13/05

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As a web developer, here is what I've found to work best: One
computer at my house has become a dedicated Linux server
for both web and ftp. Using Dynamic DNS (just like your
previous article described) to access the public folders of my
webserver from anywhere, I can use tools like cvsWEB and
Bugzilla remotely, able to handle major issues immediately.
Because the computer has 80GB drive space, I wanted to
utilize it more. So, I began FTPing my personal archive -
photos, music, documents, etc - to a protected section of the
server. Now that I have FTP setup, I just have to add the port
to my routers port forwarding, and POOOF! It's an amazing
way of doing it and saves ALOT on the costs of hosted
solution.

• montag451 at 11:14 AM on 10/13/05

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How about a tutorial on running your own email server?

• Nishi at 11:31 AM on 10/13/05

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I have set this up for one of my friend, works very well. I am


going to set one up for myself pretty soon.

• Utter Doul at 12:35 PM on 10/13/05

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I have been using Cerberus FTP Server


(http://www.cerberusftp.com/) and DynDNS (client built into
my Netgear router); Cerberus is free for personal use and
seems pretty similar to Serv-U. In addition to the types of uses
listed in your article, I also use it with my Bookmark
Syncronizer and Infolister Firefox extensions.

• Pat at 12:38 PM on 10/13/05


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I have a home linux server running as an ftp server using sftp


over an ssh connection, and I get TONS of intrusion attempts
(scripts that try a bunch or random usernames, then try to
crack the password brute-force if they get a valid username).
Your readers may want to think twice about making all their
home data potentially available to everyone, without
scrutinizing their security situation first. Personally, I use the
ftp server for temporary things, and a second server (with no
ports directly exposed) as a file server for everything else. If I
need something unexpectedly that I didn't put on my ftp
server, I can get to my protected server a terminal connection
to the exposed server followed by another terminal connection
to the protected server. It's really more feasible with linux
than windows, and requires two servers, but I do feel more
comfortable since most of my data is two passwords away
instead of one.

• Mike Panic at 09:46 PM on 10/13/05

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For what it's worth, unless you have a requirement to upload /


download a large amount of data, something as simple as
xmailharddrive will ork wonders. It allows you to use a gui to
upload data to your existing 2GB Gmail account.

• Rick at 11:27 AM on 10/14/05

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Being a pirate from way back and still using my FTP server on
a daily basis for work, I've found that FastStream NETfile
Server works a lot better than Serv-U, is more stable, uses less
memory, and allows up to 5 connections in the Free mode. It
runs as a service too, so one less icon to clog up your system
tray.
• MizzouRob at 10:29 AM on 10/17/05

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Make sure your also check the terms of service with your ISP
before proceeding. This may be a violation. Otherwise if at
first you can't get it to work right, check the port settings.
Some ISP's block port 25 (the default FTP port). You may have
to change to something else (and I would adivse doing so for
security reasons too. Then you end up with a url something
like ftp://yourdomainname.or.ipaddress.here:025 or what ever
the port number.

• Matt Haughey at 11:02 AM on 10/17/05

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MizzouRob, while it's true many broadband service


agreements make you say you won't run a server, the
intention behind that is against running high traffic public
servers. We're talking about a single user system that is used
only occasionally and like me, I suspect customers will never
be hassled by their company about it. Also, FTP is most often
seen on port 21, not port 25. Port 25 is for sending out email,
SMTP traffic, and broadband companies often do in fact block
25 to thwart customers that might send spam from their home
connection. As for FTP security mentioned above, you will get
port scanned on port 21 dozens of times a day but if you
choose a high security password you should be fine. A popular
way to avoid most all intrusion attempts is to use a port other
than 21 and one that's not often used for other services. Serv-
U lets you pick any port you want to send FTP on and most
clients allow connections on any port as well.

• Nnyan at 11:36 AM on 10/17/05

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I would not recommend FastStream NETfile since the last time
I used that it came with the Cydoor spyware/adware. While
Serv-U is an excellent program I would recommend one of the
open source FTP Servers like Filezilla. Totally free, easy to
setup and configure and rock solid (no ads or spy/adware).
Another service that has saved my butt (more for backups
then access) is Streamload. Not free but very reasonable.

• SuperJdynamite at 08:36 AM on 08/31/06

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The only time I've ever been owned is when I stood up a linux
FTP server and opened a port for it through my firewall. I
naively assumed that by 2003, all the security holes would
have been worked out of the FTP server (I believe it was
wuftpd). Anyway, turns out there was a buffer overrun hole
and some kids were able to root the box.

This issue could have been prevented by tightening up my


firewall to only allow connections from my workplace. My
password was strong, but password choice is irrelevant for this
type of attack.

I agree with other readers when I suggest that you can avoid
these kinds of security exposures by using an external storage
system, like XMail, or a portable hard drive.

• peBird at 03:02 PM on 11/19/06

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I agree with the security comments made by others and I have


concerns. I am trying the VPN client to connect to my Linksys
router then pass to the FTP server.

Now that these little NAS units are available for less than $95
+ add a drive and they come with a built in FTP server, its a
great way to add access at a low cost, if the security problems
can be addressed.

• donnybahama at 10:49 AM on 12/29/06

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Why are username/password text fields always used for


security? Using a server-side image map and some
cgi/asp/php scripting, you can authenticate users via a series
of clicks in a specific sequence. Such graphical authentication
takes away the options for scripting as a means of brute-force
cracking.

• mc_spanky_mcgee at 04:30 PM on 01/11/07

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Re: Filezilla

I have to been trying to configure Filezilla FOREVER now. I am


giving up after spending too much time trying to search the
forums for answers.

The guy's forums are crowded with posts by people who can't
figure it out. I have concluded the problem is with the
software. Beware.

• The_Cat_Lady at 06:22 PM on 03/08/07

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Oh wow. This is so great! I was needing to do this and your


site told me what I needed to know. Thanks! It was
wonderfully easy to set up, but, but... now what?
I'm using FlashGet as my FTP download program. How do I use
it to "see" my system? I have also set up a "Friends" directory
so that I can share documents and photos with friends and
family. How do I tell them how to log in?

It might tell you how to use it from the outside world, but I
didn't find it when I was looking. Can you help? Thank you
very much.

• lava_2000 at 08:22 PM on 04/11/07

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Being an IT professional, I have setup home FTP servers on


both Linux and Windows PCs. But I would never recommend
the solution to any average users. Yes, FTP server seems to be
so simple, esp. with some good FTP server software. However,
the pain of running, maintaining, monitoring, and patching the
server and OS is too much for a home users. With today's
flourish of hosted FTP server services, home users should sign
up their service instead of running their own FTP server at
home. Hack, now even I am using DriveHQ's FTP server. They
have free service; and the premium service doesn't cost a
fortune. The conclusion: they save me time in maintaining an
FTP server at home. I can turn off my PC as I like and never
worry that other people are using my FTP server; my friends
and co-workers can download files 100 times faster than my
home FTP server...

• TheDei0niz3r at 07:58 PM on 05/01/07

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This has actually got me thinking and the other post about
Hamachi, for my situation I think Hamachi is probably the best
and its all encrypted already, so no security worries.

I have a file server at home with over 800gigs of "stuff" which


could have been useful to get to on several occasions. Also a
notoriously bad organizer, so if I had of had Hamachi like a
LAN that I remember where I had a game that I hadn't
installed, but forgot to grab my cd key text file off my file
server it would have saved the day. Not exactly a high
importance incidence, but I would have been happier to be
able to play the game most people were playing.

It seems to me though for most people Hamachi would be the


way to go at least where someone is able to install things to
there computer, then setting up an ftp is the better choice,
just make sure to make it secure and in a pinch you can
always use IE to connect to your ftp, which is most likely the
only way a person at work can if they can't install things and
an ftp program isn't already installed.

So thats my take on it...

• jerry12345 at 12:58 AM on 09/13/07

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why do people need a home FTP server? Isn't it crazy? Yes,


you setup an FTP server at home, so what? when your PC is
off, nobody can access it; and remember when people
download files from your FTP server, your DSL / Cable Modem
limits it to only 384K bps = 48KB/sec -- usually maybe only
30KB/sec. And then you need to configure your firewall,
router, anti-virus software, setup your local folder security or
you just wait for your PC to be hacked!

FTP is an aging protocol. If you need to share files, there are


great online storage and sharing service available. I use
DriveHQ.com FileManager software, works great. I can share
files with a group of people, I can create sub-accounts,
allocate storage, set share folder permission. The software is
extremely faster as it supports compression; and more secure
than FTP as it supports SSL and data encryption (encrypted
folder). It also has folder synchronization feature built-in.
• Aditi at 03:27 AM on 09/28/07

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I was interested in doing FTP to my office desktop computer


from my PDA. That way, I can treat the Home PC hard-disk as
an extension of my PDA disk (which is only 1 GB). I use
purplenova.com since it avoids the issues around static IP /
Dynamic DNS or getting a static IP.

• Sahel Khan at 07:51 AM on 10/10/07

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The first link in this article no longer works. This may be an


effect of having revamped your search engine.

• InHisLife at 05:03 AM on 11/15/07

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Great thots and works. Pls, I just need one clear thing first: I
would require a public IP in order to be able to FTP my PC at
home or even share a my files over the internet? This step is
important for me as the ISP has given be a private IP through
the DHCP server. Thanks

• frankbeamer at 02:35 PM on 02/03/08

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I had the server working fine without security, but once add it
and try to connect via Filezilla, I get the following error:
"Response: 431 Unable to negotiate secure command
connection." How do I fix this?

• frankbeamer at 02:49 PM on 02/03/08

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edit above post: the error message I get is "Response: 522


SSL/TLS lib refuses to initiate secure data
connection"..basically, I connect, and see the "c" drive in the
ftp client, but then "directory listing" fails and I cannot do
anything. What gives?

• csoh83 at 05:06 PM on 02/05/08

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Help!!! i cannot open server-U administraton. A pop up


message is shown: SerUAdmin.exe - Illegal System DLL
Relocation.

Detail Message: The system DLL user32.dll was relocated in


memory. The application will not run properly. The relocation
occureed because the DLL
C:WINDOWS\system32\HHCTRL.OCX occupied an address
range reserved for Windows system DLLs. The vendor
supplying the DLL should be contacted for a new DLL.

WHAT CAN I DO ?

• dark_wolf at 07:13 PM on 02/12/08

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To repair user32.dll you can download a hotfix here


[www.microsoft.com]
• smtareq at 06:13 AM on 02/24/08

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Please someone help me!

I have done everything shown here step by step to set up my


home ftp server, I also have got a domain name like
baborfhdu.homeftp.org from DynDNS against my IP
address(which I obtained from a IP address provider site),then
I put this name in the step two shown here.But after all things
done, I can't FTP myself through aceFTP! It says "connection
aborted".

I think problem is with my IP address because when I open my


"local area connection status" and then click the Support tab,
it shows that my IP is a different one than that was shown by
the IP address provider sites.

I'm not a computer professional, so if anyone can provide me


detail instructions about this regard it would be of great help
for me.
THANKS in advance.

• csoh83 at 02:44 PM on 03/18/08

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Thanks a lot ,dark_wolf. finally i got the serv-u installed.

• backupreview at 08:41 PM on 04/03/08

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For most users, setup a hosted FTP service is easier and really
gets the job done. Setup an FTP server at home or small
business is very problematic and poses a lot of security issues.
FTP protocol in itself is not quite secure. It is recommended
using SFTP or FTP over SSL.

For a comparison of FTP services, please visit:


[ftpreview.googlepages.com]

• johntera at 11:08 PM on 05/02/08

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For smtareq - make sure your ISP is assigning you a static IP


address. Sysax FTP Server is another good FTP server that's
free for personal use.

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