Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ANIONS
Acetate C2H3O2-1 Nitrate NO3-1 Nitride N-3
Bicarbonate HCO3-1 Nitrite NO2-1 Phosphate PO4-3
Bisulfate HSO4-1 Permanganate MnO4-1 Phosphite PO3-3
Bisulfite HSO3-1 Carbonate CO3-2 Sulfide S-2
Bromide Br-1 Chromate CrO4-2
Chlorate ClO3-1 Dichromate Cr2O7-2
Chloride Cl-1 Manganate MnO4-2
Cyanide CN-1 Peroxide O2-2
Fluoride F-1 Sulfate SO4-2
Hydrogen Sulfate HSO4-1 Sulfite SO3-2
Hydroxide OH-1 Iodide I-
Ionic Bonding
complete transfer of valence e- from metal to the non-metal
bonding metal and non-metal
metal becomes a cation ; non-metal becomes an anion
LEDS
Gilbert Lewis
Lewis Electron Dot Symbol
Group number = number of dots
Octet Rule
Covalent Bonding
To find the lone pair:
1. Get the group number of the central atom
2. Add the charge (if there is)
3. Subtract the number of needed electrons from a single
attachment
4. Divide it by 2
Ex.:
NO2 –
5+ 1 – 2 (2) = 2/2 = 1 LP
+ 2 BP
3 (trigonal planar)
To find the formal charge:
1. Group number – # of lines - # of unshared electrons
Ex.:
NO2 –
FCN = 5 – 4 – 2 = -1
FCO = 6 – 2 – 4 = 0
Nomenclature of Covalent Compounds
The mono- prefix is usually not used for the first element in the formula. The "o"
and "a" endings of these prefixes are dropped when they are attached to "oxide."