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Series V, No.

33

Department of Economic
and Social Affairs
Statistics Division

World
Statistics
Pocketbook
2008

United Nations, New York, 2009


The D e partment of Econom ic an d Soci al Affa irs of the United Nations Secretariat is
a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental
spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i)
it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and
environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations
draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates
the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses
of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises
interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks
developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country
level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities.

Note
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not
imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the
United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

The term “country” as used in this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories
or areas.

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ST/ESA/STAT/SER.V/33
United Nations Publication
Sales No. E.09.XVII.3
ISBN-13: 978-92-1-161524-1

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Copyright © United Nations, 2009


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Printed in United States of America
Preface

This World Statistics Pocketbook is the twenty-eighth compilation of basic


economic, environmental, and social indicators for countries and areas of the
world, prepared by the United Nations Statistics Division, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs. It responds to General Assembly resolution 2626 (XXV), in
which the Secretary-General is requested to supply basic national data that will
increase international public awareness of countries' development efforts.
The indicators shown are selected from the wealth of international statistical
information compiled regularly by the Statistics Division and Population Division of
the United Nations, the statistical services of the United Nations specialized
agencies and other international organizations and institutions.
This issue of the World Statistics Pocketbook covers the years 2000, 2005 and
2007. The statistics included for each year shown are those most recently compiled
and made available by the international statistical services from official national
sources, supplemented by international estimates in some fields. Statistical
sources and methods are described in the section Technical notes, in the Data
dictionary and in footnotes. For the most part, the statistics presented are those
that were available to the United Nations Statistics Division as of December 2008.

iii
Contents

Preface .................................................................................................................................. iii


Introduction ...........................................................................................................................ix
Symbols and abbreviations ..................................................................................................xi
Conversion coefficients and factors................................................................................. .xi
Country and area tables ....................................................................................................... 1
Technical notes ................................................................................................................. 219
Country nomenclature .................................................................................................... 219
Notes on the indicators .................................................................................................. 219
Data dictionary .................................................................................................................. 227
References......................................................................................................................... 235
Statistical sources............................................................................................................. 237
Index of indicator notes and definitions.......................................................................... 239
United Nations statistical publications ........................................................................... 241

Country profiles
Afghanistan ................................................. 3 Botswana ...................................................28
Albania......................................................... 4 Brazil ..........................................................29
Algeria......................................................... 5 British Virgin Islands .................................30
American Samoa ......................................... 6 Brunei Darussalam ....................................31
Andorra ........................................................ 7 Bulgaria ......................................................32
Angola .......................................................... 8 Burkina Faso ..............................................33
Antigua and Barbuda .................................. 9 Burundi .......................................................34
Argentina ...................................................10 Cambodia ...................................................35
Armenia .....................................................11 Cameroon...................................................36
Aruba..........................................................12 Canada .......................................................37
Australia ....................................................13 Cape Verde ................................................38
Austria .......................................................14 Cayman Islands .........................................39
Azerbaijan ..................................................15 Central African Republic...........................40
Bahamas ....................................................16 Chad ...........................................................41
Bahrain.......................................................17 Chile ...........................................................42
Bangladesh ................................................18 China ..........................................................43
Barbados ....................................................19 China, Hong Kong SAR .............................44
Belarus .......................................................20 China, Macao SAR ....................................45
Belgium ......................................................21 Colombia ....................................................46
Belize..........................................................22 Comoros .....................................................47
Benin ..........................................................23 Congo .........................................................48
Bermuda.....................................................24 Cook Islands ..............................................49
Bhutan........................................................25 Costa Rica ..................................................50
Bolivia ........................................................26 Côte d'Ivoire...............................................51
Bosnia and Herzegovina............ ...............27 Croatia........................................................52
v
Cuba ...........................................................53 Kiribati..................................................... 104
Cyprus ........................................................54 Korea, Dem. People's Republic of......... 105
Czech Republic ..........................................55 Korea, Republic of .................................. 106
Democratic Republic of Congo ................56 Kuwait ..................................................... 107
Denmark ....................................................57 Kyrgyzstan............................................... 108
Djibouti ......................................................58 Lao People's Democratic Republic ....... 109
Dominica ....................................................59 Latvia ....................................................... 110
Dominican Republic ..................................60 Lebanon .................................................. 111
Ecuador ......................................................61 Lesotho.................................................... 112
Egypt ..........................................................62 Liberia ..................................................... 113
El Salvador .................................................63 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ......................... 114
Equatorial Guinea .....................................64 Liechtenstein .......................................... 115
Eritrea.........................................................65 Lithuania ................................................. 116
Estonia .......................................................66 Luxembourg ............................................ 117
Ethiopia ......................................................67 Madagascar ........................................... 118
Faeroe Islands ...........................................68 Malawi.................................................... 119
Fiji ...............................................................69 Malaysia ................................................. 120
Finland .......................................................70 Maldives ................................................. 121
France.........................................................71 Mali ......................................................... 122
French Guiana ...........................................72 Malta....................................................... 123
French Polynesia .......................................73 Marshall Islands..................................... 124
Gabon.........................................................74 Martinique .............................................. 125
Gambia.......................................................75 Mauritania .............................................. 126
Georgia ......................................................76 Mauritius ................................................ 127
Germany.....................................................77 Mexico .................................................... 128
Ghana .........................................................78 Micronesia, Federated States of .......... 129
Greece ........................................................79 Monaco ................................................... 130
Greenland ..................................................80 Mongolia................................................. 131
Grenada .....................................................81 Montenegro ............................................ 132
Guadeloupe ...............................................82 Morocco .................................................. 133
Guam ..........................................................83 Mozambique ........................................... 134
Guatemala .................................................84 Myanmar................................................. 135
Guinea ........................................................85 Namibia .................................................. 136
Guinea-Bissau ...........................................86 Nauru ...................................................... 137
Guyana .......................................................87 Nepal....................................................... 138
Haiti............................................................88 Netherlands ............................................ 139
Honduras....................................................89 Netherlands Antilles .............................. 140
Hungary......................................................90 New Caledonia ....................................... 141
Iceland .......................................................91 New Zealand .......................................... 142
India ...........................................................92 Nicaragua ............................................... 143
Indonesia ...................................................93 Niger ....................................................... 144
Iran, Islamic Republic of ...........................94 Nigeria .................................................... 145
Iraq .............................................................95 Niue ......................................................... 146
Ireland ........................................................96 Northern Mariana Islands ..................... 147
Israel ..........................................................97 Norway ................................................... 148
Italy ............................................................98 Occupied Palestinian Territory. ............. 149
Jamaica .....................................................99 Oman ....................................................... 150
Japan .......................................................100 Pakistan .................................................. 151
Jordan ......................................................101 Palau ....................................................... 152
Kazakhstan ..............................................102 Panama ................................................... 153
Kenya .......................................................103 Papua New Guinea ................................ 154

vi
Paraguay ..................................................155 Suriname.................................. .............. 187
Peru ..........................................................156 Swaziland ............................................... 188
Philippines ...............................................157 Sweden ................................................... 189
Poland ......................................................158 Switzerland ............................................. 190
Portugal....................................................159 Syrian Arab Republic ............................. 191
Puerto Rico ..............................................160 Tajikistan ................................................ 192
Qatar ........................................................161 Thailand .................................................. 193
Republic of Moldova...............................162 The frmr. Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia 194
Réunion ....................................................163 Timor-Leste ............................................. 195
Romania ...................................................164 Togo ........................................................ 196
Russian Federation .................................165 Tonga ...................................................... 197
Rwanda ....................................................166 Trinidad and Tobago .............................. 198
Saint Kitts and Nevis ..............................167 Tunisia..................................................... 199
Saint Lucia ...............................................168 Turkey...................................................... 200
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .........169 Turkmenistan .......................................... 201
Samoa ......................................................170 Tuvalu...................................................... 202
San Marino ..............................................171 Uganda.................................................... 203
Sao Tome and Principe ...........................172 Ukraine .................................................... 204
Saudi Arabia ............................................173 United Arab Emirates............................. 205
Senegal ....................................................174 United Kingdom...................................... 206
Serbia .......................................................175 United Republic of Tanzania ................. 207
Seychelles ...............................................176 United States of America ...................... 208
Sierra Leone ............................................177 United States Virgin Islands.................. 209
Singapore ................................................178 Uruguay................................................... 210
Slovakia ...................................................179 Uzbekistan .............................................. 211
Slovenia ...................................................180 Vanuatu................................................... 212
Solomon Islands ......................................181 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ....... 213
Somalia ....................................................182 Viet Nam ................................................. 214
South Africa.............................................183 Western Sahara ..................................... 215
Spain ........................................................184 Yemen ..................................................... 216
Sri Lanka ..................................................185 Zambia .................................................... 217
Sudan .......................................................186 Zimbabwe ............................................... 218

vii
Introduction

The objective of the World Statistics Pocketbook is to provide users with a


selection of key statistical indicators in a convenient country profile
format.
Given the growing need of users for data comparability across time and
countries, relevant comparisons are made possible by the use of
international classifications and standard systems. In the past four
decades, considerable progress has been made towards standardization of
statistical definitions worldwide, for example in the wide scope of topics
covered by the 1968 and 1993 versions of the System of National
Accounts 1 , the United Nations Principles and Recommendations for
Population and Housing Censuses 2 and the recommendations on statistics
of the International Labour Organization among others. The internationally
recommended definitions used in the present publication are given in the
Data dictionary section with citations to the original sources.
In addition, the section Technical notes contains information on
the sources for the indicators presented. In general, brief
descriptions of the concepts and methodologies used in the
compilation of the indicators are also included.
Readers interested in more detailed time-series data should
consult the References and Sources at the back of this publication.
An Index of indicator notes and definitions is available to assist
users in finding relevant information on the indicators presented in
this publication.
The World Statistics Pocketbook is prepared by the Statistical Services
Branch of the Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs of
the United Nations Secretariat. The programme manager is Mary Jane Holupka,
the editor is Andrei Barac, and the software developer is Salomon Cameo.
Also contributing to the production of this issue was the Branch’s fall 2008
intern, Liza Kasmara.
Comments on this publication are welcome and may be sent to
statistics@un.org.

1
United Nations, Commission of the European Communities, International Monetary Fund,
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Bank (1994), System
of National Accounts 1993 (SNA 1993) (joint publication, United Nations publication
Sales No.E.94.XVII.4).
2
United Nations (2008), Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing
Censuses, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics
Division, Series M, No. 67, Rev. 2 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.07.XVII.8).

ix
Symbols and abbreviations
... Data not available
– Magnitude zero
< Magnitude not zero, but less than half of the unit employed
–< Magnitude not zero, but negative and less than half of the unit employed
km Kilometre
000 MT Thousand metric tons
p.a. Per annum
. Decimal figures are always preceded by a period (.)
°C Degrees Celsius
°F Degrees Fahrenheit

Conversion coefficients and factors


The metric system of weights and measures has been employed in the
World Statistics Pocketbook. The following shows the equivalents of the
basic, British Imperial and United States weights and measures:

Area 1 square kilometre = 0.386102 square mile


Weight or mass 1 ton = 1.102311 short tons or
= 0.987207 long ton
1 kilogram = 35.273962 avdp. ounces
= 2.204623 avdp. pounds
Distance 1 kilometre = 0.621371 mile
1 millimetre = 0.039 inches
Temperature °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9

xi
Country and area tables


Region South-central Asia
Currency Afghani (AFN) a
Surface area (square kms) 652 090
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 27 145
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 41.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kabul (3 277)
United Nations membership date 19 November 1946
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 713 6 840 9 359
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –3.5 14.5 12.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 130.8 272.9 344.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 130.8 272.9 344.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 21.3 21.0
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 61.63 49.49 49.96
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 95 114 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 8.5 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 27.0 28.2 28.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.5 87.6 88.6
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) c 136 77 77d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 4.4 17.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... 1.0 2.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 365.0 Pakistan 81.6 Japan 18.7
Imports 2 218.0 India 6.3 Pakistan 17.8
Russian Federation 3.6 China 14.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 46.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.1/3.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 107.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 43.8/43.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 157.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 7.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) f 18.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 23.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 535 632
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 45.7/82.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 20.4/79.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.9/74.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 32
Forested area (% of land area) 1.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 693/0.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 12.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 312
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.3/19.6
a Beginning October 2002, 1 new Afghani (AFN) = 1000 old Afghani (AFA). b Principal rate. c UNSD
estimates. d 2006. e 2005. f Age group 10 to 49 years.

3
 
Region Southern Europe
Currency Lek (ALL)
Surface area (square kms) 28 748
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 190
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 111.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tirana (406)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 640 8 184 10 718
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.7 5.8 6.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 181.7 2 595.1 3 359.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 214.9 2 646.0 3 441.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.7 36.3 36.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 143.71 99.87 90.43
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –156 –571 –831
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 123
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 108 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 16.8 14.1 13.8d
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 50.2 49.9 50.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.4 71.3 71.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 317 748 1 127
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 730 949 975d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 5.9 60.2 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 6.0 15.0d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 077.7 Italy 68.1 Italy 27.1
Imports 4 200.9 Greece 8.3 Greece 14.6
Serbia 6.7 Turkey 7.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 15.1/13.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.7/73.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 75.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 46.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
g
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 101
h
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 84.4/87.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 62.1/37.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 24.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 7.1/92.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 52
Forested area (% of land area) 29.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 499/1.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 497.0
a Market rate. b Employment office records. c December. d 2006. e Visitors and other travellers. f Age
group 15 to 44 years. g Data refer to foreign citizens. h UNESCO estimate. i World Association of
Newspapers.

4
  
Region Northern Africa
Currency Dinar (DZD)
Surface area (square kms) 2 381 741
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 33 858
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 14.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Algiers (3 354)
United Nations membership date 8 October 1962
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 54 790 102 334 132 453
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.2 5.3 4.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 796.1 3 114.8 3 912.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 719.7 2 975.2 3 728.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 22.3 24.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 75.26 73.28 69.29
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 123
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 104 102
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 122 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 95 123 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 27.3c 15.3 13.8
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 24.3c 26.0d ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 21.1c 20.7d ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 31.2 35.0 36.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.8 78.2 77.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ef 866 1 443 1 743
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 175 104 199 780 203 933g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 6.1 49.3 90.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 5.8 10.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 60 163.2 United States 30.1 France 16.7
Imports 27 631.2 Italy 13.2 Italy 8.7
Spain 8.9 China 8.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.1/6.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.7/70.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 31.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 64.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
h
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR i 95 735
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1j
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) k 96.0/96.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.8/45.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.5/93.5l
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 75
Forested area (% of land area) 1.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 137 536/4.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 414.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 598
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.9/23.7
a Official rate. b September. c 2001. d 2004. e Visitors. f Includes nationals residing abroad. g 2006.
h Data refer to foreign citizens. i According to the Government of Algeria, there are an estimated 165,000
Sahrawi refugees in the Tindouf camps. j 1991. k UNESCO estimate. l Based on 2007 data for Lower
House and 2006 data for Upper House or Senate.

5
 
Region Oceania-Polynesia
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 199
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 67
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 335.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Pago Pago (58)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Consumer price index (2000=100) a 100 122 126b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 44 24 25b
c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 21.4 20.3 ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) def 2.0g
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) de 38.8g
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) de 5.7/5.1g
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) def 104.4g
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) h 75.9/69.3g
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) hi 11.9j
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) h 4.0g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 92.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 41.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 77
Forested area (% of land area) 89.4
a Excludes rent. b 2006. c 2004. d De jure population count. e Data compiled by the United Nations
Demographic Yearbook system. f Refers to the latest available census. g 2000. h Published by the
Secretariat of the Pacific Community. i Rate based on 30 or fewer events. j 2001-2005.

6

Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 468
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 75
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 159.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Andorra la Vella (24)
United Nations membership date 28 July 1993
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 134 2 540 3 245
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.2 5.9 1.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 17 058.1 34 562.5 43 503.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 17 058.1 34 562.5 43 503.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 29.4 31.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
b c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 123
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 949 2 418 2 189
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 87.6 148.9 141.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 10.6 44.7 78.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d
Exports 150.5 Spain 69.6 ...
Imports 1 761.7 France 15.1 ...
Germany 6.2 ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) ef 0.4d
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) ef 14.9d
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) ef 16.7/15.7d
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) ef 109.8d
Urban population in 2007 (%) 89.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) g 64.4
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 88.5/86.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.1/46.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.0/75.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 9
Forested area (% of land area) 35.6
a Market rate. b Index base 2001=100. c 2001. d 2006. e De facto estimate. f Data compiled by the
United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. g Data refer to foreign citizens. h National estimate.

7
 
Region Middle Africa
Currency Kwanza (AOA)
Surface area (square kms) 1 246 700
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 17 024
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 13.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Luanda (4 000)
United Nations membership date 1 December 1976
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 9 133 30 629 52 237
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.1 20.6 21.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 655.6 1 903.0 3 068.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 535.0 1 666.7 2 677.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 8.1 12.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 10.04 87.16 76.71
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 796 5 138 10 690b
Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 1 846 2 348d
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 147 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 148 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 73.0 73.8 74.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 90.8 89.7 89.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 51 210 195
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 37 310 63 186 71 197b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 11.0 15.0b
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.5 0.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 45.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.5/3.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 44.3/41.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 131.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 6.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 55.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 27 007
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.4
e
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 31.3/37.0f
g
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 39.9/60.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 2.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 37.3/62.7h
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 89
Forested area (% of land area) 47.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 8 992/0.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 257.0
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.3/27.7
a Official rate. b 2006. c Luanda. d Series linked to former series. e UNESCO estimate. f 1999. g National
estimate. h 2008.

8

 
Region Caribbean
Currency E.C. Dollar (XCD)
Surface area (square kms) 442
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 85
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 192.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) St. John's (26)
United Nations membership date 11 November 1981
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 665 873 1 089
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.5 4.7 6.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 8 664.8 10 517.9 12 799.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 8 085.0 10 051.9 12 146.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 48.0 58.7 50.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.70 2.70 2.70
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –67 –171 –402
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 108 ...
b c
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 14.6 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 2.6c ... ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 207 267 273e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 78.8 150.3 179.0e
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.5 35.6 72.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 98.6 Netherlands Antilles 30.9 United States 58.2
Imports 573.1 United States 23.5 United Kingdom 6.4
Barbados 8.2 Japan 4.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fg 1.2h
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 28.3h
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) fg 9.8/8.8h
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fg 88.5h
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) g 20.7i
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) j 52.6k
Urban population in 2007 (%) 30.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 23.6
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.7/83.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 38
Forested area (% of land area) 21.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 421/5.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) l 1 695.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 052
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.9/29.6
a Official rate. b May. c 2001. d Excludes nationals residing abroad. e 2006. f De facto estimate. g Data
compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. h 2005. i 1991-1995. j Age group 15
to 44 years. k 1988. l UNSD estimates.

9
 

Region South America
Currency Argentine Peso (ARS)
Surface area (square kms) 2 780 400
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 39 531
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 14.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Buenos Aires (12 795)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 284 346 183 196 262 327
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.8 9.2 8.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 7 706.7 4 728.0 6 636.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 7 502.1 4 567.7 6 304.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 21.5 23.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.00 2.90 3.10
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –8 981 5 236 7 466
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 162 195
Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 117 140
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d 15.0ef 10.6egh 9.5ghij
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 22.7ek 23.5eg 23.7gij
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 0.7ek 1.1eg 0.8gij
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.1 48.9 49.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.1 75.9 75.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 909 3 823 4 562
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 81 808 85 423 88 438i
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 39.1 81.9 126.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 7.1 17.8 23.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 55 779.6 Brazil 18.8 Brazil 32.8
Imports 44 707.0 China 9.3 United States 12.0
United States 7.8 China 11.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.9/13.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.1/71.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3
l
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 65.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 91.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 350
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.3/96.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.7/41.3
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) m 35.5
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.6/9.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 39.8/60.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 203
Forested area (% of land area) 12.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 152 712/3.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 795.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 215
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 13.5/22.5
a Official rate. b Metropolitan areas. c Manufacturing. d Age group 10 years and over. e 28 urban
agglomerations. f May and October. g Second semester. h Methodology revised, data not strictly
comparable. i 2006. j 31 urban agglomerations. k Average of April and November. l Sample of all sexually
active women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. m World Association of Newspapers.

10
 
Region Western Asia
Currency Dram (AMD)
Surface area (square kms) 29 743
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 002
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 100.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Yerevan (1 103)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 912 4 901 9 177
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.9 14.0 11.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 620.2 1 623.9 3 056.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 612.6 1 570.9 2 957.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 29.8 34.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 539.53 457.69 342.08
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –278 –52 –571
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117b 126
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 123 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 124 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 11.7 8.2 7.1
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 23.1e 15.9f 15.6fg
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.4e 46.2f 46.2fg
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.9 55.0 55.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.5 66.6 67.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 45 319 381g
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 281 386 393g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 17.9 30.3 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.3 5.3 5.7g
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 121.2 Russian Federation 17.7 Russian Federation 15.8
Imports 3 052.6 Germany 15.0 Ukraine 8.2
Netherlands 13.9 Kazakhstan 7.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 18.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.5/13.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 86.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.1/68.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 28.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 53.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 63.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 664
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.2/89.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.5/45.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 7.6
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.5/3.3h
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.4/91.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 37
Forested area (% of land area) 10.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 346/1.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 682.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 277
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.5/18.2
a Official rate. b Series linked to former series. c Official estimates. d Age group 16 to 63 years. e 2001.
f Age group not specified. g 2006. h Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

11
 
Region Caribbean
Currency Aruban Guilder (AWG)
Surface area (square kms) 180
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 104
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 577.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Oranjestad (32)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 874 2 323 2 624
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.5 1.0 2.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 20 739.6 22 579.0 25 252.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 19 604.9 21 207.9 23 762.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 31.3 33.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.79 1.79 1.79
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 211 –203 213b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 128
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 721 733 772
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) c 120 120 120b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 57.7 147.3 143.3b
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 15.2 24.1 23.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 98.1 Panama 29.7 United States 54.4
Imports 1 114.4 Colombia 17.0 Netherlands 11.7
Netherlands Antilles 13.2 United Kingdom 4.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.0d
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 14.0/11.0d
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.1/71.3
e
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 17.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 46.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 31.9
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 108.2/108.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 60.3/39.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 22
Forested area (% of land area) 2.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 308/22.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 2 487.0
a Official rate. b 2006. c UNSD estimates. d 2007. e Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

12

 
Region Oceania
Currency Australian Dollar (AUD)
Surface area (square kms) 7 703 581
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 20 743 a
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 2.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Sydney (4 327)
United Nations membership date 1 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 399 612 738 812 945 674
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.9 3.0 3.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 20 879.8 36 376.4 45 589.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 20 312.2 34 914.2 43 536.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 27.0 27.5
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.72 1.31 1.20
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –14 763 –41 032 –56 783
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 116 123
Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 107 112
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 98 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 101 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d 6.4 5.0e 4.4
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.8fg 21.1fg 21.2h
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.0fg 3.6fg 3.4h
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.7 57.0 57.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.4 72.2 71.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ij 4 931 5 499 5 644
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 222 154 265 665 266 467k
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 97.2 141.6 149.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 33.8 47.1 54.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 139 122.2 Japan 19.0 China 15.5
Imports 155 656.8 China 14.1 United States 12.9
Korea, Republic of 8.0 Japan 9.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 1.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 18.1
a
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.8/20.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 99.1
a
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 83.6/78.9
a
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.8
lm
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.8
a
Urban population in 2007 (%) 88.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 1.2
a
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 21.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 23 680
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 124.5/128.5
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.9/45.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) n 155.1
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/1.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 29.6/70.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 788
Forested area (% of land area) o 21.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 368 859/18.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 720.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 222
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 13.7/21.6
a Includes Christmas, Cocos (Keeling) and Norfolk Islands. b Market rate. c Annualized average of 12
months ending 30 June of the year stated. d Feb., May, Aug. and Nov. e Methodology revised in 2001.
f August. g Excludes Jervis Bay Territory. h Average of Feb., May, Aug. and Nov. i Visitors. j Excludes
nationals residing abroad and crew members. k 2006. l Sample of all women of reproductive age,
regardless of marital status. m 16 to 59 years. n World Association of Newspapers. o FAO estimate.
13


Region Western Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 83 871
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 8 361
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 99.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Vienna (2 315)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 193 838 305 091 373 327
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.4 2.0 3.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 23 897.0 36 793.6 44 652.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 23 437.4 36 415.1 44 138.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 20.4 20.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –4 864 4 252 12 031
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 115
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 117 132
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 99 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 3.6b 5.2c 4.4
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 30.6d 27.6d 27.3
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.9d 5.5d 5.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.3 51.3 52.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.5 67.6 67.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 17 982 19 952 20 766
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 6 877 5 951 6 206f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 126.2 151.6 157.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 33.7 48.9 51.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 156 588.4 Germany 30.1 Germany 41.5
Imports 156 055.7 Italy 8.9 Italy 6.9
United States 5.1 Switzerland 4.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.8/22.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.6/76.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
g
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 50.8h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 15.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 69 687
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.4/103.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.8/46.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 311.4
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/0.8i
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 26.6/73.4j
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 70
Forested area (% of land area) 46.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 73 602/8.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 507.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 620
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.7/14.5
a Market rate. b May and November. c Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. d Average
of quarterly estimates. e Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments.
f 2006. g Age group 20 to 49 years. h 1995/96. i Rate based on 30 or fewer events. j 2008.

14
  
Region Western Asia
Currency Azerbaijan Manat (AZN) a
Surface area (square kms) 86 600
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 8 467
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 97.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Baku (1 892)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 273 13 245 31 249
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 11.1 26.5 25.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 647.5 1 585.9 3 690.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 635.9 1 405.0 3 248.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.1 41.3 21.2
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.80 0.84 0.86
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –168 167 9 019
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 125 158
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 136 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 137 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 1.2 1.4 1.2
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 10.9 12.1 12.6
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 41.0 39.3 38.6
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.0 59.3 60.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 70.7 70.2 70.9
g
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 681 1 177 1 333
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 19 419 27 652 38 598h
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 15.0 39.7 65.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 8.1 12.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 6 058.3 Turkey 17.4 Russian Federation 17.6
Imports 5 712.2 Italy 15.5 Turkey 10.9
Russian Federation 8.7 Germany 8.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.7/8.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 71.2/63.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 72.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8
i
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 55.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 691 522
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 85.2/88.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 47.5/52.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 16.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.4/88.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 40
Forested area (% of land area) 11.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 36 629/4.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 709.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 210
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.0/18.9
a Beginning January 2006, 1 new Manat (AZN) = 5000 old Manats (AZM). b Official rate. c Employment
office records. d December. e Men aged 15 to 61 years. Women aged 15 to 56 years. f Data for males
refers to ages 15-61 and data for females to ages 15-56. g Visitors. h 2006. i Age group 15 to 44 years.
j World Association of Newspapers.

15

Region Caribbean
Currency Bahamian Dollar (BSD)
Surface area (square kms) 13 878
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 331
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 23.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nassau (240)
United Nations membership date 18 September 1973
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 004 5 986 6 586
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.9 2.5 3.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 16 505.7 18 516.1 19 880.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 15 925.4 17 838.0 19 129.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.6 33.0 31.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.00 1.00 1.00
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –633 –751 –1 432
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 116
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 89 105 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 89 105 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 6.9d 10.2 7.9
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 17.0d 17.8 17.9
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 4.2d 3.5 2.3
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 66.4 66.8 67.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.3 78.4 77.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 544 1 608 1 528
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 48.4 111.7 153.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 4.4 31.9 36.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 670.0 United States 71.6 United States 88.5
Imports 3 102.6 Canada 5.7 Netherlands Antilles 2.8
Netherlands 5.6 Venezuela 2.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 25.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.3/9.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.3/70.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0
e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.7f
Urban population in 2007 (%) 83.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<
International migrant stock (% of total population) 9.7
g
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.7/94.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.0/75.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 54
Forested area (% of land area) 51.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 107/6.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 2 160.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 389
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.8/28.8
a Principal rate. b New Providence. c April. d 2001. e Age group 15 to 44 years. f 1988. g UNESCO
estimate. h UNSD estimates.

16

Region Western Asia
Currency Bahraini Dinar (BHD)
Surface area (square kms) 741
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 753
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1 015.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Manama (157)
United Nations membership date 21 September 1971
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 028 13 460 19 664
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.4 7.9 6.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 12 348.6 18 570.7 26 126.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 12 004.5 18 000.4 24 984.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.4 23.0 22.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.38 0.38 0.38
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 830 1 474 2 907
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 105 107b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 131 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 95 131 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.0c ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.5c ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.0 33.5 33.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.1 85.3 84.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 420 3 914 4 519b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 17 955 17 083 17 324b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 56.1 129.7 149.2b
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.0 21.3 33.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 13 664.9 ... ...
Imports 11 515.1 ... ...
... ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) d 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.0/5.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) d 133.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.5/74.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.8e
Urban population in 2007 (%) 88.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
f
International migrant stock (% of total population) 39.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 35
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9g
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 111.8/110.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 68.3/31.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.8/86.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 30
Forested area (% of land area) 0.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 19 668/27.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 12 458.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 71
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.0/30.1
a Official rate. b 2006. c 2001. d Includes guest workers. e 1995. f Data refer to foreign citizens. g 1991.

17
  
Region South-central Asia
Currency Taka (BDT)
Surface area (square kms) 143 998
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 158 665
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1 101.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dhaka (13 485)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1974
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 45 470 57 628 67 876
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.9 6.0 6.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 326.1 376.0 427.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 338.1 395.2 461.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 24.5 24.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 52.14 64.33 68.87
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –306 –176 857
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 127 148
c
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 138 165
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 110 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 110 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d 3.3 4.3 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 10.3 14.5 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 62.1 48.1 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.8 56.7 57.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.8 85.9 84.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 199 208 200e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 8 380 12 225 13 191e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.6 7.1 22.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.3 0.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 11 696.7 United States 26.7 China 16.4
Imports 15 688.5 Germany 15.0 India 12.0
United Kingdom 9.0 Kuwait 9.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 33.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.8/6.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 104.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.0/63.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 52.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 58.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 26.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 27 626
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 70.1/67.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 33.5/66.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 109
Forested area (% of land area) 6.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 39 952/0.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 120.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 154
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.5/30.6
a Principal rate. b Government officials. c Annualized average of 12 months ending 30 June of the year
stated. d Year ending in June of the year indicated. e 2006. f Age group 10 to 49 years.

18
 
Region Caribbean
Currency Barbadian Dollar (BBD)
Surface area (square kms) 430
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 294
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 683.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bridgetown (116)
United Nations membership date 9 December 1966
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 559 3 083 3 729
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.3 4.1 4.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 8 933.2 10 560.5 12 687.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 8 616.9 10 145.6 12 178.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 19.6 18.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.00 2.00 2.00
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –146 –387 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 126
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 97 98
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 105 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 105 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 9.4 9.8b ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 20.4 17.3b ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 3.7 3.3b ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 65.9 67.0 66.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.7 79.0 79.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 545 548 575
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 114 90 77c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 56.9 126.8 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.7 59.5 ...
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 314.2 Trinidad and Tobago 27.8 United States 43.7
Imports 1 298.7 United States 14.2 United Kingdom 7.8
United Kingdom 9.1 Trinidad and Tobago 7.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.3/12.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.8/74.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 10.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5
d
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 55.0e
Urban population in 2007 (%) 39.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.9
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.7/102.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 70.7/29.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.7/86.3f
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 35
Forested area (% of land area) 4.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 315/4.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 451.0
a Official rate. b 2004. c 2006. d Age group 15 to 44 years. e 1988. f 2008.

19
 
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Belarusian Ruble (BYR)
Surface area (square kms) 207 600
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 689
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 46.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Minsk (1 805)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 10 418 30 210 44 773
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.8 9.4 8.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 036.4 3 084.1 4 621.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 032.1 3 089.8 4 580.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 26.5 30.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 876.75 2 153.82 2 146.08
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –338 436 –3 060
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 384 446
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 153 184
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 118 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 118 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) bcd 2.1 1.5 1.0
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.0 53.5 53.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.6 65.5 65.7
e
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 60 91 105
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 551 2 524 2 469f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 27.9 75.7 96.2f
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.9 34.8 61.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 24 275.2 Russian Federation 36.6 Russian Federation 60.0
Imports 28 693.1 Netherlands 17.6 Germany 7.6
United Kingdom 6.3 Ukraine 5.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 25.4/14.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 86.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.2/63.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 9.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) <
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 11 100
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.4/95.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.8/43.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 81.3
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 6.1/14.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 32.5/67.5g
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 17
Forested area (% of land area) 38.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 63 299/6.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 650.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 677
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 2.1/9.9
a Official rate. b Employment office records. c December. d Men aged 16 to 59 years. Women aged 16
to 54 years. e Organized tourism. f 2006. g 2008.

20
 
Region Western Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 30 528
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 10 457
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 342.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Brussels (1 744)
United Nations membership date 27 December 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 231 934 375 524 454 580
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 1.7 2.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 22 754.0 36 114.8 43 469.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 23 268.7 36 315.4 43 943.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.8 20.3 21.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 11 611 9 945 9 121
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 115
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 105 113
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 97 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 97 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 7.0 8.5 7.5
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.3c 24.7c 24.7d
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.8c 2.0c 2.0d
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 43.5 45.6 45.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 61.4 60.5 60.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 6 457 6 747 7 045
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 392 4 292 4 212d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 103.9 135.4 142.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 29.2 45.7 49.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 430 822.1 Germany 19.7 Germany 17.8
Imports 413 371.3 France 16.7 Netherlands 17.6
Netherlands 11.9 France 11.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.7/22.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.3/76.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.6
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 78.4g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 97.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) h 9.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 33 290
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.9/107.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.7/45.3
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 164.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 36.2/63.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 27
Forested area (% of land area) 22.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 102 599/9.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 4 221.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 820
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.7/13.9
a Market rate. b 2002. c May. d 2006. e Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation
establishments. f Age group 21 to 39 years. g 1991/92. h Data refer to foreign citizens. i World Asso-
ciation of Newspapers.

21
 
Region Central America
Currency Belize Dollar (BZD)
Surface area (square kms) 22 966
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 288
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 12.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Belize City (66)
United Nations membership date 25 September 1981
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 832 1 115 1 274
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 12.9 3.1 1.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 399.6 4 045.8 4 429.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 137.4 3 600.4 3 947.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 18.5 17.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.00 2.00 2.00
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –162 –151 –43
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 121
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 116 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 116 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 9.1d 11.0 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 17.9b ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 19.5b ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 39.6 44.9 45.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.8 81.0 80.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 196 237 256
e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 8 9 9f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 21.9 56.8 52.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.2 9.6 11.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 266.6 United States 26.8 United States 33.9
Imports 684.3 United Kingdom 18.0 Cuba 11.4
Panama 14.3 Panama 9.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 35.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/6.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.2/73.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 16.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.9
g
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 56.1h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 15.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 360
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.3/102.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 70.2/29.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 85
Forested area (% of land area) 72.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 817/3.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 946.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 014
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.5/30.0
a Official rate. b April. c Age group 14 years and over. d 2001. e UNSD estimates. f 2006. g Age group
15 to 44 years. h 1999. i 2008.

22
 
Region Western Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XOF)
Surface area (square kms) 112 622
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 033
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 80.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Cotonou (762)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 359 4 358 5 579
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.9 2.9 6.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 326.4 513.3 617.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 310.3 501.6 610.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 19.4 19.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –111 –270 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 115 121
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 120 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 123 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 58.1 58.1 58.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.6 86.3 85.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 96 176c 186c
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 35 0 0d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.7 9.0 22.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 1.3 1.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 288.2 China 36.2 France 18.4
Imports 898.7 India 6.9 China 8.8
Nigeria 5.8 Ghana 7.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 43.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.4/3.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 57.8/55.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 98.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 17.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 40.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
f
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 8 157
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 54.5/74.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) g 19.8/80.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) <
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.8/89.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 47
Forested area (% of land area) 21.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 565/0.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 120.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 308
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.3/30.1
a Official rate. b Cotonou. c Country estimates. d 2006. e 2005. f Data refer to foreign-born and foreign
citizens. g UNESCO estimate.

23
 
Region Northern America
Currency Bermudian Dollar (BMD)
Surface area (square kms) 54
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 65
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1 195.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Hamilton (11)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 476 4 857 5 581
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.1 4.6 4.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 55 294.0 75 684.9 86 449.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 56 343.9 73 678.9 84 158.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 24.1 24.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.00 1.00 1.00
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 116 124
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 93 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 93 ...
bc
Unemployment (% of labour force) 3.0 ... ...
b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 14.8 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.4b ... ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 332 270 306
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 109.9 163.9 182.9e
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 42.9 65.4 74.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports ... ... United States 72.2
Imports 1 133.1 ... Canada 7.3
... Venezuela 7.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fg 0.3e
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) gh 18.0e
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) gh 18.6/14.9e
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fg 92.4e
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) g 1.6i
Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 30.7
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) j 89.4/94.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 71.1/28.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 263.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 51
Forested area (% of land area) 20.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 572/8.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 2 954.0
a Pegged to the US Dollar. b May. c Population census. d Air arrivals. e 2006. f De jure estimate. g Data
compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. h De jure population count. i 2003. j
National estimate. k UNSD estimates.

24


Region South-central Asia
Currency Ngultrum (BTN)
Surface area (square kms) 38 394
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 658
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 17.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Phuntsholing (106)
United Nations membership date 21 September 1971
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 446 837 1 305
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.6 6.5 22.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 799.1 1 314.1 1 981.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 798.2 1 293.1 1 950.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.2 51.1 51.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 44.94 44.10 41.35
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 123b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 92 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 92 102 ...
c
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 17.2 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 43.6c ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 23.9 37.4 43.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.3 81.4 79.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 8 14 21
d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 191 262 296b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.2 8.5 20.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.3 3.1 4.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.1/7.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 112.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.5/64.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 45.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 30.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 33.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.7
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 32.7/67.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.9/86.1e
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 55
Forested area (% of land area) 68.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 414/0.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 236.0
f
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 799
f
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 14.0/24.3
a Official rate. b 2006. c May. d UNSD estimates. e Based on 2008 data for Lower House and 2007 data
for Upper House or Senate. f Wangdi Phodrang.

25
 
Region South America
Currency Boliviano (BOB)
Surface area (square kms) 1 098 581
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 525
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 8.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) La Paz (1 590)
United Nations membership date 14 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 398 9 549 13 120
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.5 4.4 4.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 009.8 1 040.0 1 377.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 982.7 1 007.6 1 355.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 13.0 16.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 6.18 8.07 7.85
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –446 622 1 800
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 132
Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 108 117d
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 116 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 116 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ef 4.8 ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 28.2be ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 4.9be ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.8 65.1 65.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.1 81.7 82.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 319 524 556
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 779 13 220 14 151d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 13.2 33.4 41.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.4 5.2 10.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 4 812.7 Brazil 36.7 Brazil 20.2
Imports 3 522.0 Argentina 8.7 Argentina 16.9
United States 8.6 United States 11.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.3/6.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.7/63.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 45.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 58.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 65.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 794
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.4/97.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.6/85.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 161
Forested area (% of land area) 54.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 9 252/1.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 381.0
a Market rate. b Urban areas. c Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. d 2006. e
November. f Age group 10 years and over.

26
   
Region Southern Europe
Currency Convertible Marka (BAM)
Surface area (square kms) 51 197
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 935
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 76.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Sarajevo (376)
United Nations membership date 22 May 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 528 10 763 14 771
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.4 3.9 18.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 195.5 2 749.0 3 753.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 488.3 2 860.6 3 907.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 28.9 26.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.12 1.57 1.43
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –396 –1 913 –1 939
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 90 110 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 90 110 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ... ... 31.1b
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.4 53.0 52.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.9 67.2 66.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 171 217 306
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 5 244 5 938 6 300b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 23.1 65.6 89.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.1 20.6 26.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 4 152.0 Croatia 18.4 Croatia 17.6
Imports 9 720.1 Serbia 13.7 Germany 12.5
Italy 13.1 Serbia 10.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.9/18.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.4/72.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 35.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 46.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0
d
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 146 586
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.3/87.7e
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 51
Forested area (% of land area) 43.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 26 275/6.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 994.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 931
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.8/15.0
a Market rate. b 2006. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments.
d Estimates. e Based on 2006 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate.

27


Region Southern Africa
Currency Pula (BWP)
Surface area (square kms) 582 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 882
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 3.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Gaborone (224)
United Nations membership date 17 October 1966
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 889 9 113 10 798
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.6 9.5 6.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 827.9 4 963.8 5 739.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 657.6 4 445.1 5 266.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 22.7 19.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 5.10 5.11 6.14
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 545 1 597 1 940b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 146 175
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 107 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 15.8 23.8d 17.6b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 20.9 15.2 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 19.7 29.9 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.3 48.1 48.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 69.0 62.7 63.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 104 1 675 ...
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 21.8 39.7 83.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.0 3.4 4.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 5 072.5 United Kingdom 65.0 South Africa 83.5
Imports 3 986.9 South Africa 10.2 China 1.8
Norway 8.1 Belgium 1.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.8/4.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 50.7/50.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 46.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 44.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 58.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
e
International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 942
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.4/93.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 49.8/50.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 41.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 15
Forested area (% of land area) 21.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 554/2.5
a Official rate. b 2006. c Age group 12 years and over. d 2003. e Data refer to foreign citizens.

28

Region South America
Currency Real (BRL)
Surface area (square kms) 8 514 877
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 191 791
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 22.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) São Paulo (18 845)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 644 729 882 044 1 314 199
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.3 3.2 4.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 701.9 4 721.1 6 852.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 599.6 4 585.7 6 680.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 15.9 18.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.83 2.43 1.95
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –24 225 13 984 1 460
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 151 164
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 117 127
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 125 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 124 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 9.4de 9.3 8.4f
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.2g 21.4bc 21.4bcf
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 18.5g 20.5bc 19.3bcf
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.8 58.1 59.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.9 81.8 81.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 313 5 358 5 026
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 107 741 139 024 146 068f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 31.1 67.6 83.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.9 17.2 26.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 160 648.9 United States 15.8 United States 15.7
Imports 120 620.9 Argentina 9.0 China 10.5
China 6.7 Argentina 8.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.7/9.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.1/68.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 23.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 76.7h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 85.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 21 210
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 118.7/115.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.9/44.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 35.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.4/90.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 738
Forested area (% of land area) 57.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 325 488/1.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 824.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 455
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 15.5/24.9
a Market rate. b September. c Age group 10 years and over. d 2001. e Excludes rural population of
Rondônia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Pará and Amapá. f 2006. g August. h 1996.

29

  
Region Caribbean
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 151
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 23
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 149.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Road Town (9)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 784 972 1 156
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.7 9.2 9.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 38 202.9 44 149.7 51 273.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 35 717.8 41 560.7 47 997.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.1 24.0 24.0
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 272 337 356a
b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 93.0 ... ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 18.9b ... ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) cde 1.1f
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) dg 26.0f
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) dg 7.3/7.5f
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) cde 106.1f
Urban population in 2007 (%) 40.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 36.6
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 111.3/108.4
h
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 68.8/31.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 42
Forested area (% of land area) 24.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 88/4.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) i 1 464.0
a 2006. b 2002. c De facto population count. d Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic
Yearbook system. e Refers to the latest available census. f 2001. g De jure population count. h UNESCO
estimate. i UNSD estimates.

30
   
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Brunei Dollar (BND)
Surface area (square kms) 5 765
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 390
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 67.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bandar Seri Begawan (22)
United Nations membership date 21 September 1984
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 6 001 9 531 12 388
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 0.4 0.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 17 996.5 25 496.6 31 759.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 17 996.5 25 496.6 31 759.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 11.4 11.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.72 1.66 1.51
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 101 101
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 141 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 142 ...
bc
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.4 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.4bc ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.2 57.3 58.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.9 76.3 74.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) de 984 815 877
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 20 400 21 309 22 598f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 52.9 84.7 99.9f
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 9.0 36.1 41.7f
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)f (% of exports)f (% of imports)f
Exports 7 636.1 Japan 30.6 Malaysia 21.6
Imports 1 676.2 Indonesia 19.8 Singapore 17.4
Korea, Republic of 15.1 Japan 12.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/6.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 106.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.7/75.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 74.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 36.4
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 103.1/101.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 66.1/33.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 68.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 171
Forested area (% of land area) 52.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 892/15.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 7 380.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 913
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.3/31.8
a Market rate. b 2001. c August. d Air arrivals. e Visitors. f 2006. g World Association of Newspapers.

31
 
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Lev (BGN)
Surface area (square kms) 110 912
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 7 639
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 68.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Sofia (1 186)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 12 600 27 188 39 551
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.4 6.3 6.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 574.5 3 510.6 5 177.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 534.7 3 542.7 5 213.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 24.2 29.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.12 1.57 1.43
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –703 –3 347 –8 592
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 130 151
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 152 176
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 97 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 95 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.3b 10.1 6.9
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.3c 34.2 35.5
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 26.2c 8.9 7.5
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 42.6 44.9 45.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 52.6 56.5 56.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 785 4 837 5 151
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 6 269 6 523 6 745d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 44.4 113.1 159.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 5.3 20.6 24.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 18 576.1 Turkey 11.4 Russian Federation 12.5
Imports 30 085.8 Italy 10.3 Germany 12.3
Germany 10.3 Italy 8.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 12.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.9/22.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.7/69.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 41.5f
Urban population in 2007 (%) 70.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 5 848
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.7/105.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.5/46.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 79.0
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.3/4.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.7/78.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 45
Forested area (% of land area) 32.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 44 422/5.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 026.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 571
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.0/15.1
a Market rate. b June. c Age group not specified. d 2006. e Age group 18 to 45 years. f 1997.

32
! 
Region Western Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XOF)
Surface area (square kms) 274 200
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 14 784
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 53.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ouagadougou (1 149)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 617 5 614 7 136
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.9 7.1 6.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 220.3 402.9 482.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 218.6 392.3 469.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 19.5 20.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –392 ... ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 116 118
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 87 119 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 86 109 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 76.5 76.9 77.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 90.3 89.9 89.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 126 245 264d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) e 9 9 9d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 5.5 8.2d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.5 0.6d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)f (% of exports)f (% of imports)f
Exports 396.5 Ghana 60.9 Côte d'Ivoire 17.9
Imports 1 267.2 France 11.1 France 14.0
Côte d'Ivoire 3.8 Japan 13.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 45.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 53.8/50.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 104.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.0
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 13.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 19.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 133
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 33.5/41.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 31.0/69.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.3/84.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 16
Forested area (% of land area) 29.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 744/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 18.0
a Official rate. b Ouagadougou. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.
d 2006. e UNSD estimates. f 2004.

33

Region Eastern Africa
Currency Burundi Franc (BIF)
Surface area (square kms) 27 834
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 8 508
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 305.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bujumbura (429)
United Nations membership date 18 September 1962
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 709 797 1 004
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.9 0.9 5.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 106.3 101.4 118.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 104.5 97.3 114.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 7.6 15.5 27.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 720.67 1 081.58 1 081.87
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –103 –226 –276
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 145 161
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 104 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 90.7 89.7 89.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 92.1 90.4 90.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 29 148 201d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 10 10 10d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 2.4 3.0d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.5 0.8d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 156.2 United Arab Emirates 34.2 Saudi Arabia 27.4
Imports 423.0 Switzerland 10.9 Belgium 11.3
Dem. Rep. of Congo 9.4 Uganda 10.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.0/3.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 51.0/48.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 99.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 19.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 10.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 6.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 71 831
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1
e
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 54.2/61.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 30.6/69.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 31.7/68.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 48
Forested area (% of land area) 5.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 224/0.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 9.0
a Official rate. b Bujumbura. c Includes nationals residing abroad. d 2006. e UNESCO estimate.

34
" 
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Riel (KHR)
Surface area (square kms) 181 035
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 14 444
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 79.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Phnom Penh (1 466)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 667 6 293 8 639
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.8 13.3 10.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 286.9 450.9 598.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 245.7 386.0 515.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 18.9 19.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3 840.75 4 092.50 4 056.17
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –136 –360 –506
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 114 126
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 2.5 ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 8.4 3.5e ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 73.7 39.8e ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 75.4 75.2 74.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 84.5 86.3 86.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 466 1 422 2 015
g
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 4 5h
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.2 7.8 18.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.3 0.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 2 797.5 United States 46.9 China, Hong Kong SAR 19.9
Imports 2 062.7 China, Hong Kong SAR 22.0 China 16.5
Germany 8.5 Thailand 11.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.2/4.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 61.9/57.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 62.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 40.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 20.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
i
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 418
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 75.1/84.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 32.8/67.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.8/84.2j
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 193
Forested area (% of land area) 59.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 539/0.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 97.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 636
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.8/32.5
a Market rate. b Phnom Penh. c November. d Age group 10 years and over. e 2004. f International visitor
arrivals by all means of transport. g UNSD estimates. h 2006. i Data refer to foreign citizens. j Based
on 2008 data for Lower House and 2006 data for Upper House or Senate.

35
" 
Region Middle Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XAF)
Surface area (square kms) 475 442
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 18 549
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 39.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Douala (1 906)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 9 287 16 648 20 606
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.2 2.2 3.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 585.6 935.5 1 110.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 559.9 947.3 1 149.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 17.6 16.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –249 –608 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 117
c
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 111 114d
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 108 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) e 7.5f ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 9.1f ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 60.6f ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.5 52.7 52.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.7 76.6 75.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 277 176 185d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 7 642 4 417 4 646d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.3 14.4 19.7d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.3 1.5 2.2d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d
Exports 3 576.4 Spain 25.9 Nigeria 23.3
Imports 3 150.5 Italy 23.1 France 17.2
France 10.7 China 6.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.3/5.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 50.8/50.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 87.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 26.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 62 297
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 58.3/70.5
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 41.8/58.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.9/86.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 514
Forested area (% of land area) 45.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 715/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 72.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) h 1 628
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) h 18.6/28.4
a Official rate. b 2004. c Annualized average of 12 months beginning 1 July of the year stated. d 2006.
e Household survey. f 2001. g Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. h
Yaounde.

36
"
Region Northern America
Currency Canadian Dollar (CAD)
Surface area (square kms) 9 984 670
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 32 876
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 3.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Toronto (5 213)
United Nations membership date 9 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 724 914 1 134 776 1 425 778
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.2 3.1 2.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 23 621.3 35 164.5 43 368.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 23 006.2 34 536.9 43 045.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 21.0 22.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.49 1.21 1.07
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 19 622 22 179 12 639
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 117
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 102 102
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 108 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 6.8 6.8 6.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 22.5cd 22.0cd 21.6
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 3.3cd 2.7cd 2.5
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 58.6 61.0 62.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.2 72.6 72.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 19 627 18 771 17 931
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 364 260 388 279 397 145e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 96.0 108.5 117.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 42.1 67.9 76.8e
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 419 926.4 United States 79.0 United States 54.2
Imports 380 259.2 United Kingdom 2.8 China 9.4
China 2.1 Mexico 4.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.3/19.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.9/78.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 74.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 80.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 21.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 213 254
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2
g
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 107.8/109.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.4/43.6
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 174.6
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.9/2.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 24.9/75.1i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 72
Forested area (% of land area) 33.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 537 524/16.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 7 361.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 834
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.6/12.7
a Market rate. b Excludes residents of the Territories and indigenous persons living on reserves. c
Average of monthly estimates. d Excludes the territories of Yukon, North West Territories and Nunavut.
e 2006. f Age group 18 to 44 years. g UNESCO estimate. h World Association of Newspapers. i 2008.

37
"#  
Region Western Africa
Currency C.V. Escudo (CVE)
Surface area (square kms) 4 033
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 530
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 131.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Praia (126)
United Nations membership date 16 September 1975
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 539 1 006 1 426
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.3 6.5 6.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 196.7 1 985.7 2 689.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 171.0 1 918.8 2 566.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.5 36.7 43.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 119.69 88.67 80.57
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –58 –35 –133
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 105 116
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 95 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 95 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 43.5 44.8 46.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.8 76.6 75.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 115 198 267
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 1 1c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 17.1 32.2 34.8c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.8 6.1 7.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 114.8 Côte d'Ivoire 30.7 Portugal 40.0
Imports 737.0 Portugal 21.6 Netherlands 11.5
Netherlands 15.2 France 9.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/4.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 92.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.5/68.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 24.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 58.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.4
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.4/91.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 52.1/47.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.1/81.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 28
Forested area (% of land area) 20.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 286/0.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 209.0
e
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 70
ef
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.5/23.5
a Official rate. b Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. c 2006. d UNSD
estimates. e Sal. f Refers to average temperature.

38
"$ 
Region Caribbean
Currency C.I . Dollar (KYD)
Surface area (square kms) 264
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 47
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 178.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) George Town (28)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 734 2 316 2 701
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.0 6.5 3.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 43 097.2 50 797.1 57 221.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 39 039.4 46 014.2 51 833.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 22.4 22.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.81 0.81 0.81
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 121
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
b
Unemployment (% of labour force) 7.5 3.5 3.8
c
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 22.2 19.5c
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 1.7c 1.8c
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 354 168 292
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 115.1 ... ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... 44.4 46.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) ef 1.5g
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) e 15.0g
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) eh 7.6/5.2g
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) ef 103.0g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 63.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) i 90.1/99.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 71.6/28.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 348.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 33
Forested area (% of land area) 48.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 315/6.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) j 3 285.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 435
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.2/32.0
a Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.
b 2001. c October. d Air arrivals. e De jure estimate. f Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic
Yearbook system. g 2006. h Refers to age group 65 and over. i UNESCO estimate. j UNSD estimates.

39
" 
 % # 
Region Middle Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XAF)
Surface area (square kms) 622 984
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 343
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 7.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bangui (672)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 959 1 350 1 712
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.3 2.2 4.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 248.3 322.1 394.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 251.2 321.7 394.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.5 9.0 9.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
bc
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 120
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 111 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 68.4 67.5 67.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.1 87.1 87.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 11 12 14e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) f 7 7 7e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.4 2.7 3.0e
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.3 0.3e
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)g (% of exports)g (% of imports)g
Exports 116.2 Belgium 28.3 Cameroon 15.7
Imports 186.3 France 18.7 France 13.8
Switzerland 13.7 Dem. Rep. of Congo 6.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 41.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/5.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 46.1/43.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 96.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.6
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 19.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 38.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
h
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 211 523
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 28.7/48.0i
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 22.5/77.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.5/89.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 28
Forested area (% of land area) 36.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 253/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 21.0
a Official rate. b Excludes rent. c Bangui. d Air arrivals to Bangui only. e 2006. f UNSD estimates. g
2005. h Data refer to foreign citizens. i 1991.

40
"
Region Middle Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XAF)
Surface area (square kms) 1 284 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 10 781
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 8.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) N'Djaména (989)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 385 5 885 7 464
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.5 8.6 0.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 163.6 580.1 692.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 184.6 326.1 391.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 21.6 21.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 126 124
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 111 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 109 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 65.0 71.5 71.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.2 77.2 77.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 43 29 25
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) ... 8 808 7 874d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 2.3 4.8d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 0.4 0.6d
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 46.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.2/4.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 52.0/49.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 119.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 2.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 26.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 473 024
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.9
e
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 35.1/57.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 12.5/87.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 5.2/94.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 23
Forested area (% of land area) 9.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 139/0.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 13.0
g
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 510
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.8/30.5
a Official rate. b N'Djaména. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.
d 2006. e UNESCO estimate. f UNSD estimates. g January to November only.

41
"
Region South America
Currency Chilean Peso (CLP)
Surface area (square kms) 756 096
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 16 635
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 22.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Santiago (5 720)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 75 197 118 250 163 915
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.5 5.6 5.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 879.2 7 256.8 9 853.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 692.5 6 614.9 9 067.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 21.2 20.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 539.59 559.77 522.46
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –898 1 449 7 200
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 114 123
c
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 123 131
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 120 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 120 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d 8.3 6.9 7.2e
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 23.9f 23.0 23.4
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 13.6f 13.2 12.3
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.7 38.4 39.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.4 72.8 71.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 742 2 027 2 507
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 324 4 925 5 425g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 44.1 89.8 104.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 16.7 28.9 33.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 65 738.9 China 15.2 United States 17.0
Imports 42 732.0 United States 12.8 China 11.4
Japan 10.8 Brazil 10.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 16.0/12.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.5/75.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 7.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9
h
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 64.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 88.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 894
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.8/98.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 49.2/50.8
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 50.6
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.3/10.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.7/87.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 141
Forested area (% of land area) 21.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 66 121/4.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 478.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 313
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.3/22.5
a Principal rate. b Santiago. c Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. d Fourth quarter.
e Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. f 2001. g 2006. h Age group 15 to 44 years. i Does
not include newspapers in remote areas.

42
"
Region Eastern Asia
Currency Yuan (CNY) b
Surface area (square kms) 9 596 961
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 328 630
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 138.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Shanghai (14 987)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 192 836 2 302 718 3 400 351
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.4 10.2 11.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 956.0 1 784.8 2 604.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 948.8 1 747.4 2 558.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.3 41.0 41.1
c
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 8.28 8.19 7.61
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 20 518 160 818 371 833
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 107 114
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 121 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 121 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) def 3.1 4.2 4.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) egh 17.3 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) egh 46.3 ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 72.7 71.0 70.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.6 80.0 79.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 31 229 46 809 54 720
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 863 675 1 366 651 1 460 396i
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 18.1 56.5 68.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.8 8.4 15.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 217 776.0 United States 19.1 Japan 14.0
Imports 955 955.9 China, Hong Kong SAR 15.1 Korea, Republic of 10.9
Japan 8.4 China 9.0j
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.8/12.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 106.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.8/71.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 23.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.7
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 86.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0
k
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 301 171
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.9l
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 90.5/90.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 47.1/52.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) m 74.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.3/78.7n
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 816
Forested area (% of land area) 21.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 547 758/4.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 153.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 112
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.5/19.9
a For statistical purposes the data for China do not include those for Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province of China, except for statistics
relating to population of Taiwan Province. b Also referred to as Renminbi (RMB). c Principal rate. d
Urban areas. e December. f Official estimates. g Excludes reemployed retired persons. h Age group not
specified. i 2006. j Data refer to inward processing, i.e. minor processing or, in general, operations
which do not change the country of origin. When these goods come back they are recorded as re-imports
and the country of origin is the country itself. k Estimates. l 1999. m World Association of Newspapers.
n 2008.
43
"&'%
Region Eastern Asia
Currency Hong Kong Dollar (HKD)
Surface area (square kms) 1 099
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 7 206
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 6 557.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Hong Kong (7 206)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 169 121 177 831 206 706
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.0 7.1 6.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 25 385.3 25 197.7 28 684.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 25 553.9 25 227.7 29 414.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.4 20.9 20.3
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 7.79 7.78 7.80
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 6 993 20 181 28 046
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 94 97
Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 96 96
e
Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.9 5.6 4.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 20.3 15.0 14.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 0.3 0.3 0.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.6 51.9 53.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.4 71.4 70.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 13 059 23 359 28 169
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 140.6 175.2 200.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 27.8 50.1 55.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 349 385.6 China 48.3 China 46.1
Imports 370 132.5 United States 13.5 Japan 10.1
Japan 4.4 Singapore 6.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 19.8/18.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 85.1/79.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.0
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 84.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 38.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 021
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 88.4/90.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.5/49.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 222.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 48
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 38 560/5.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 747.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 383
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.1/25.6
a Pursuant to the Joint Declaration signed on 19 December 1984, the United Kingdom restored Hong
Kong to the People's Republic of China with effect from 1 July 1997; the People's Republic of China
resumed the exercise of sovereignty over the territory with effect from that date. b Market rate. c Series
linked to former series. d Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. e Excludes marine,
military and institutional populations. f Visitors.

44
"&(%
Region Eastern Asia
Currency Pataca (MOP)
Surface area (square kms) 29
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 481
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 16 590.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Macao (481)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 6 102 11 603 19 115
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.8 6.9 27.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 13 834.2 24 525.6 39 730.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 14 590.9 26 032.5 42 385.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 26.7 34.9
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 8.03 8.01 8.04
c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2 719 3 367 2 946d
e
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 99 110
Unemployment (% of labour force) f 6.8 4.1 3.1
f
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.2 25.0 21.2
f
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 0.2 0.1 0.1
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.2 57.9 59.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 75.5 72.8 73.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 5 197 9 014 12 942
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 73.6 153.7 202.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 13.9 37.0 49.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d
Exports 2 557.0 United States 44.1 China 39.3
Imports 5 235.5 China 14.8 China, Macao SAR 11.9h
China, Hong Kong SAR 11.2 China, Hong Kong SAR 8.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.9/13.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.8/78.5
i
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 7.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 0.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 54.7
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.7/102.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 45.9/54.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 379.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 10
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 235/4.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 631.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 123
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.2/25.2
a Pursuant to the Joint Declaration signed on 13 April 1987, Portugal restored Macao to the People's
Republic of China with effect from 20 December 1999; the People's Republic of China resumed the
exercise of sovereignty over the territory with effect from that date. b Market rate. c 2002. d 2006. e
Series linked to former series. f Age group 14 years and over. g Country estimates. h Data refer to
inward processing, i.e. minor processing or, in general, operations which do not change the country of
origin. When these goods come back they are recorded as re-imports and the country of origin is the
country itself. i Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

45
"  
Region South America
Currency Colombian Peso (COP)
Surface area (square kms) 1 138 914
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 46 156
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 40.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bogotá (7 772)
United Nations membership date 5 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 83 766 122 936 168 394
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 4.7 6.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 009.6 2 735.2 3 648.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 954.8 2 611.4 3 483.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 20.0 24.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2 087.90 2 320.83 2 078.29
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 808 –1 882 –5 851
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 140 153
c
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 114 140
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 115 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 115 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) de 14.7f 11.8 10.9
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 25.5ghi 18.8de 19.6de
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.1ghi 22.4de 18.4de
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 57.9 62.2 63.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.9 78.4 78.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) j 557 933 1 195
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 69 183 74 924 80 907k
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 22.3 64.8 90.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.1 10.4 26.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 29 991.3 United States 35.4 United States 26.2
Imports 32 897.0 Venezuela 17.4 China 10.1
Ecuador 4.3 Mexico 9.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.1/8.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.6/69.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 78.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 74.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR l 3 000 281
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.6/95.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.5/48.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) m 22.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.7/90.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 652
Forested area (% of land area) 58.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 58 595/1.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 504.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 799
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 7.4/16.0
a Official rate. b Low income group. c Manufacturing. d Third quarter. e Age group 10 years and over.
f 2001. g September. h Age group 12 years and over. i Seven main cities. j Visitors. k 2006. l According
to the Constitutional Court of Colombia, there are serious discrepancies between the real magnitude
of the situation and the figures of the national registration system. m Includes only newspapers affiliated
to a national association.

46
"
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Comorian Franc (KMF)
Surface area (square kms) 2 235
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 839 a
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 375.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Moroni (46)
United Nations membership date 12 November 1975
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 202 387 467
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.9 4.2 –2.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 288.8 485.1 556.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 292.1 474.6 544.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 9.3 13.5
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) b 533.98 395.60 359.45
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 104 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 104 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 62.4 62.8 63.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 83.1 83.1 83.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 24 26 29c
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) d 0 0 0c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.0 4.1 6.8c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 2.5 2.6c
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 8.5 ... United Arab Emirates 38.6
Imports 120.5 ... France 10.8
... Pakistan 4.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 2.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 41.2
a
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 100.7
a
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.4/63.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 48.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 4.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 25.7
a
Urban population in 2007 (%) 27.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 2.7
a
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.0
e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 0
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8
f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 55.2/65.5
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 43.2/56.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 3.0/97.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 89
Forested area (% of land area) 2.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 88/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 43.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 700
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.2/29.5
a Includes Mayotte. b Official rate. c 2006. d UNSD estimates. e Value is zero, not available or not
applicable. f UNESCO estimate.

47
"
Region Middle Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XAF)
Surface area (square kms) 342 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 768
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 11.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Brazzaville (1 355)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 220 5 972 7 304
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.6 7.7 –1.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 005.3 1 654.3 1 938.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 753.7 1 343.4 1 573.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 22.0 27.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 648 903 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 110 120
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.0 55.9 55.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.3 82.7 82.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 19 ... ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 13 839 12 717 14 382d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 3.1 12.7 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 1.3 1.7d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 1 722.0 China 21.8 Netherlands 37.6
Imports 681.5 Korea, Republic of 13.9 France 28.1
United States 9.6 United States 10.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 41.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.1/4.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 56.6/54.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 70.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 44.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 43 418
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.9
f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 70.9/78.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 15.8/84.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.2/90.8g
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 70
Forested area (% of land area) 65.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 001/0.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 123.0
a Official rate. b Brazzaville. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.
d 2006. e 2003. f UNESCO estimate. g Based on 2007 data for Lower House and 2008 data for Upper
House or Senate.

48
" 
Region Oceania-Polynesia
Currency New Zealand Dollar (NZD)
Surface area (square kms) 236
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 13
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 56.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Rarotonga (10)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 81 184 211
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.9 0.2 0.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 5 055.2 13 122.5 15 813.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 055.2 13 122.5 15 813.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 16.1 16.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.20 1.42 1.36
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 118 125c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 52 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 52 ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 73 88 97
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 34.1 58.5 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 15.0 27.5 27.5d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 5.2 China 34.6 New Zealand 73.9
Imports 81.3 Japan 30.8 Australia 12.5
New Zealand 13.5 Japan 3.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fgh –2.2d
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 26.1d
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) fg 11.7/12.0d
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fgh 103.1d
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) i 74.3/68.0j
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) ik 14.5l
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) i 2.8m
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 43.2n
Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –6.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 14.1
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 0.2
o
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 77.1/75.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 50
Forested area (% of land area) 66.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 62/4.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) p 1 009.0
a Market rate. b Rarotonga. c Series linked to former series. d 2006. e 2005. f De facto population count.
g Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. h Refers to the latest available
census. i Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. j 1996-2002. k Rate based on 30 or
fewer events. l 2002-2006. m 2000-2002. n 1999. o National estimate. p UNSD estimates.

49
"
%
Region Central America
Currency Costa Rican Colon (CRC)
Surface area (square kms) 51 100
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 468
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 87.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) San José (1 285)
United Nations membership date 2 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 15 947 19 973 25 917
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.8 5.9 6.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 058.9 4 615.7 5 801.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 740.8 4 433.7 5 616.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 19.0 21.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 308.19 477.79 516.62
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –707 –981 –1 578
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 170 207
c
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 120 138
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) de 5.2 6.6 4.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) de 22.3 21.5 22.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) de 20.4 15.2 13.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 41.4 42.0 43.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.6 79.7 79.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 088 1 679 1 980
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 588 695 696f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 29.0 57.5 65.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.0 21.3 33.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 8 927.6 United States 36.6 United States 38.4
Imports 12 757.8 China 9.4 China 5.9
China, Hong Kong SAR 6.3 Mexico 5.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.9/9.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.2/76.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 9.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
g
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 80.0h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 62.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 17 701
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.4/98.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.3/45.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 64.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 36.8/63.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 250
Forested area (% of land area) 46.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 302/1.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 683.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 866
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.2/24.9
a Market rate. b Central area. c Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. d July. e Age
group 12 years and over. f 2006. g Age group 15 to 44 years. h 1999. i World Association of Newspapers.

50
")
*
Region Western Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XOF)
Surface area (square kms) 322 463
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 19 262
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 59.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Abidjan (3 802)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 10 682 16 802 20 650
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –2.7 0.0 1.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 626.5 904.1 1 072.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 590.9 892.7 1 054.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 9.0 8.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –241 40 –146
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 117 122
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 103 105
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 98 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 102 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.3 39.3 39.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.8 85.0 84.7
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 680 3 737 4 786c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 5.0 14.4 23.4c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.3 1.1 1.6c
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 8 067.7 France 20.5 Nigeria 24.1
Imports 6 683.1 Netherlands 9.1 France 21.7
Nigeria 8.0 China 6.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.4/5.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 49.3/47.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 116.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 12.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 48.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
d
International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 735 686
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.6
e
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 39.5/57.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.9/91.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 180
Forested area (% of land area) 32.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 8 698/0.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 136.0
a Official rate. b Abidjan. c 2006. d Data refer to foreign-born and foreign citizens. e UNESCO estimate.

51
"

Region Southern Europe
Currency Kuna (HRK)
Surface area (square kms) 56 538
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 555
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 80.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Zagreb (690)
United Nations membership date 22 May 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 18 425 38 498 51 277
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 6.2 5.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 089.5 8 458.3 11 256.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 003.9 8 272.6 11 169.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 28.6 30.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 8.28 5.95 5.36
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –533 –2 555 –4 437
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 114 121
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 127 140
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 92 97 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 92 97 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.1 12.7 9.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.8 28.6 30.6
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 14.5 17.3 13.1
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.2 44.6 44.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 63.0 61.4 60.4
c
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 831 8 467 9 307
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 557 3 833 4 156d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 61.6 121.5 150.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.7 32.3 43.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 12 360.2 Italy 19.1 Italy 16.0
Imports 25 829.5 Bosnia-Herzegovina 14.4 Germany 14.4
Germany 10.0 Russian Federation 10.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.6/21.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 92.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.2/72.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 15.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 7 826
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.5/92.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.1/45.9
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.3/2.4e
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.9/79.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 84
Forested area (% of land area) 38.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 22 878/5.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 044.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 856
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.4/15.7
a Market rate. b Series linked to former series. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of ac-
commodation establishments. d 2006. e Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

52
" 
Region Caribbean
Currency Cuban Peso (CUP)
Surface area (square kms) 109 886
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 11 268
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 102.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Havana (2 174)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 32 685 46 162 52 298
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.6 11.8 7.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 933.5 4 099.7 4 641.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 859.9 4 008.8 4 540.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 8.3 8.6
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 105 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 105 102 ...
ab
Unemployment (% of labour force) 5.4 1.9 1.8
ab
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 19.1 19.1 18.0
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ab 27.1 20.2 18.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 43.9 44.2 44.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.1 70.1 69.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 1 741 2 261 2 119
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 270 3 614 3 958d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 4.4 8.8 11.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 1.7 11.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d
Exports 2 980.2 ... China 13.4
Imports 10 173.6 ... Spain 7.7
... Germany 5.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 20.3/17.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 80.4/76.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 75.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) <
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 637
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 9.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.9/97.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 60.8/39.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 64.7
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 3.0/9.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 43.2/56.8e
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 294
Forested area (% of land area) 24.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 24 333/2.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 778.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 189
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.6/28.8
a December. b Men aged 17 to 60 years. Women aged 17 to 55 years. c Air arrivals. d 2006. e 2008.

53
"$#
Region Western Asia
Currency Euro (EUR) a
Surface area (square kms) 9 251
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 855
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 92.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nicosia (233)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) b 9 294 16 978 21 276
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) b 5.0 4.0 4.4
GDP per capita (current US$) b 13 399.0 22 398.7 27 465.2
b
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 12 526.2 21 568.9 26 638.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) b 17.0 19.6 20.8
c
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –488 –971 –2 144
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 120
Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 111 115
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 101 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 101 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 4.9 5.3 3.9
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 23.3 24.1 22.5
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 5.2 4.7 4.4
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.9 52.4 53.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.6 71.1 70.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 686 2 470 2 416
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) ... 0 0d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 97.0 144.0 156.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 17.7 39.0 44.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 486.4 Greece 19.8 Greece 17.5
Imports 8 748.9 United Kingdom 13.9 Italy 10.1
Germany 6.1 United Kingdom 9.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 18.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 21.3/18.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.6/76.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 69.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 17.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 13 086
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 99.7/98.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.9/49.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.3/85.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 33
Forested area (% of land area) 18.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 017/8.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 898.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 308
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.8/26.0
a Beginning 1 January 2008, the Cyprus Pound was replaced by the euro (1 EUR=CYP 0.585274). b
Government-controlled areas. c Market rate. d 2006. e National estimate.

54
" % # 
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Czech Koruna (CZK)
Surface area (square kms) 78 866
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 10 186
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 129.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Prague (1 162)
United Nations membership date 19 January 1993
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 56 717 124 710 171 953
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 6.4 5.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 5 549.3 12 236.3 16 880.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 423.9 11 637.1 15 889.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 25.1 24.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 38.60 23.96 20.29
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –2 690 –1 939 –4 540
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 118
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 134 162
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 95 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 95 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 8.8 7.9 5.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 39.9b 39.6b 40.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.2b 4.0b 3.6
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.6 50.7 51.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 69.8 68.7 67.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 4 666 6 336 6 680
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 23 800 23 861 24 053d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 80.0 146.7 149.8d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 9.7 27.3 43.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 120 900.5 Germany 30.8 Germany 28.1
Imports 116 822.2 Slovakia 8.7 China 7.9
Poland 5.9 Poland 5.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 27.8/20.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.5/73.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2
e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.0f
Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 223
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 97.7/97.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.8/46.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 182.6
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/1.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.0/84.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 35
Forested area (% of land area) 34.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 119 692/11.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 415.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 526
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 3.6/12.5
a Principal rate. b Average of quarterly estimates. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of
accommodation establishments. d 2006. e Age group 15 to 44 years. f 1997.

55
 
% # 
 "
Region Middle Africa
Currency Franc Congolais (CDF)
Surface area (square kms) 2 344 858
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 62 636
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 26.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kinshasa (7 843)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 262 7 103 9 447
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –6.9 6.5 6.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 103.8 120.9 150.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 100.7 113.9 142.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 13.9 14.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 21.79 473.91 516.75
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 97 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 97 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.6 54.7 54.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 89.3 89.4 89.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 103 61 47b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 739 1 704 1 649c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 4.8 7.5c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 0.2 0.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.9/3.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 47.7/45.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 113.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.7
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 20.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 33.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 555 204
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 36.6/50.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 7.7/92.3d
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 190
Forested area (% of land area) 58.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 143/0.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 19.0
a Market rate. b Air arrivals. c 2006. d Based on 2006 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper
House or Senate.

56
 
Region Northern Europe
Currency Danish Krone (DKK)
Surface area (square kms) 43 094 a
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 5 442 a
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 126.3 a
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Copenhagen (1 085)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) a 160 082 258 794 311 597
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) a 3.5 3.1 1.8
GDP per capita (current US$) a 30 003.8 47 775.0 57 256.6
a
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 29 369.4 48 180.0 58 074.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) a 20.3 20.6 23.7
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 8.08 6.00 5.44
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2 262 11 349 4 279
a
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 114
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 105 109
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 103 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 103 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ac 4.6 5.0 4.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.4d 24.1d 23.3c
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 3.3d 3.1d 2.9c
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 60.1 59.7 60.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.7 71.4 70.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 3 535f 4 699g 4 716h
a
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 26 382 29 580 27 820h
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 135.1 162.0 166.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 39.2 52.6 64.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)a (% of exports)a (% of imports)a
Exports 101 553.3 Germany 16.7 Germany 21.8
Imports 97 968.1 Sweden 14.7 Sweden 14.4
United Kingdom 8.0 Netherlands 6.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 17.6
a
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.4/22.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 98.2
a
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 80.6/76.0
a
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.8
i
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 78.0j
a
Urban population in 2007 (%) 86.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.5
a
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 28 144
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 109.6/108.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.4/42.6
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) k 352.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 38.0/62.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 a 31
Forested area (% of land area) a 11.8
a
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 46 079/8.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) a 3 198.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 525
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.0/11.1
a Excludes Faeroe Islands and Greenland. b Market rate. c Age group 15 to 66 years. d February to
June. e Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. f New accom-
modation coverage. g New methodology effective 2004. h 2006. i Age group 15 to 44 years. j 1988. k
World Association of Newspapers.

57
 

Region Eastern Africa
Currency Djibouti Franc (DJF)
Surface area (square kms) 23 200
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 833
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 35.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Djibouti (583)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1977
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 553 709 835
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.7 3.2 4.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 757.7 881.4 1 002.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 740.7 919.6 1 039.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.3 19.0 37.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 177.72 177.72 177.72
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –71 –55 –99b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 131 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 131 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.0 58.0 57.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.5 77.4 77.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 20 30 40b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.6 7.9 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 1.4 1.4b
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.0/5.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 56.0/53.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 85.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 17.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 87.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 13.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 7 138
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 28.2/37.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 40.0/60.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.8/86.2d
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 81
Forested area (% of land area) <
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 374/0.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 174.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 164
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 25.9/33.9
a Official rate. b 2006. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. d 2008.

58

Region Caribbean
Currency E.C. Dollar (XCD)
Surface area (square kms) 751
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 67
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 89.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Roseau (14)
United Nations membership date 18 December 1978
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 271 300 326
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.6 3.5 0.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 961.4 4 415.1 4 838.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 387.7 4 023.6 4 471.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 28.7 28.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.70 2.70 2.70
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –70 –81 –93
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) ... 106 ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 99 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 11.0e ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 19.8e ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 21.0e ... ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 70 79 84f
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 2 3f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 33.4 88.1g ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 8.4 36.5 37.2f
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 36.8 Jamaica 20.1 United States 35.7
Imports 195.7 Antigua and Barbuda 15.5 Trinidad and Tobago 23.0
United Kingdom 14.1 United Kingdom 5.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) hi –0.3j
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) ik 29.0e
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) ik 15.1/11.7e
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) hi 102.0j
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) l 49.8m
Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.3
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) n 5.0o
p
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.2/93.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.8/81.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 48
Forested area (% of land area) 61.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 114/1.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) q 614.0
r
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 575
r
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.1/29.3
a Official rate. b Series (base 2001=100) replacing former series. c May. d Population census. e 2001.
f 2006. g 2004. h De facto estimate. i Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook
system. j 2002. k De facto population count. l Age group 15 to 44 years. m 1987. n UNESCO estimate.
o 1999. p National estimate. q UNSD estimates. r Melville Hall airport.

59
% # 
Region Caribbean
Currency Dominican Peso (DOP)
Surface area (square kms) 48 310
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 760
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 202.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Santo Domingo (2 154)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 23 655 33 542 41 013
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.7 9.3 8.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 705.3 3 542.1 4 202.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 650.3 3 591.1 4 225.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 16.4 18.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 16.42 30.41 33.26
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 027 –473 –2 231
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 230 263
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 112 119
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 109 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 108 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 13.9 17.9 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 23.8 22.3b ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 15.9 14.6b ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 46.2 53.3 56.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.5 75.0 72.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) cd 2 978 3 691 3 980
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 66 163 121e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 20.0 50.7 65.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 4.1 13.9 17.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 32.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.7/9.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.5/69.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 29.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 68.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.2
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 86.0/82.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 61.3/38.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) f 39.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.1/82.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 124
Forested area (% of land area) 28.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 18 771/2.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 675.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 447
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.5/30.4
a Principal rate. b Age group 10 years and over. c Air arrivals. d Includes nationals residing abroad. e
2006. f World Association of Newspapers.

60
+
Region South America
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD) a
Surface area (square kms) 283 561
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 13 341
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 47.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Guayaquil (2 514)
United Nations membership date 21 December 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 15 934 37 187 44 400
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.8 6.0 3.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 294.8 2 847.2 3 328.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 180.2 2 698.2 3 169.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 22.0 23.2
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 926 347 1 598
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 175 185
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 114 ...
cde
Unemployment (% of labour force) 9.0 7.9 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cde 23.9 21.2 21.8f
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cde 8.5 8.3 8.3f
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.7 50.9 52.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.1 78.5 78.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) gh 627 860 937
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 21 944 27 834 28 373f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 13.5 59.9 89.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.4 7.3 11.5f
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 13 800.4 United States 43.3 United States 20.6
Imports 13 565.3 Peru 10.8 Colombia 11.0
Chile 4.8 Venezuela 9.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.8/9.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.0/72.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 21.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 65.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 292 322
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) i 1.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 92.9/92.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 99.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.0/75.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 2 208
Forested area (% of land area) 39.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 29 297/2.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 761.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) j 1 014
a Beginning 15 September 2000 the Ecuadorian sucre was replaced by the US Dollar (1 USD=25000
sucre). b Series linked to former series. c Urban areas. d November. e Age group 10 years and over. f
2006. g Visitors. h Excludes nationals residing abroad. i UNESCO estimate. j Quito.

61
+$#

Region Northern Africa


Currency Egyptian Pound (EGP)
Surface area (square kms) 1 001 449
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 75 498
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 75.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Cairo (11 893)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 99 601 98 323 133 599
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.5 6.8 7.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 497.1 1 349.7 1 769.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 535.4 1 369.6 1 788.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 16.9 19.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3.47 5.78 5.64
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –971 2 103 2 635b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 134 158c
Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 115 144
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 116 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 116 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ef 9.0 11.2 10.6b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) fg 21.3 21.5 22.0b
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) fg 29.6 30.9 31.2b
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 21.1 23.3 23.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.1 70.8 71.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 116 8 244 10 610
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 63 032 83 332 80 836b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 10.8 33.7 54.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 7.1 11.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 16 100.6 India 11.3 United States 9.5
Imports 26 928.8 Italy 9.8 Saudi Arabia 8.3
Spain 6.4 Germany 6.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 32.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.8/7.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.6/69.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 29.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 59.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 112 515
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2
h
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 91.3/96.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 3.7/96.3i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 110
Forested area (% of land area) <
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 173 483/2.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 881.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 25
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 15.8/27.7
a Principal rate. b 2006. c Series linked to former series. d Manufacturing, excluding petroleum refin-
eries. e May and November. f Age group 15 to 64 years. g Average of May and November. h UNESCO
estimate. i Based on 2005 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate.

62
+  
Region Central America
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD) a
Surface area (square kms) 21 041
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 6 857
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 325.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) San Salvador (1 433)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 13 134 17 070 20 373
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.2 3.1 4.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 120.0 2 559.9 2 970.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 079.2 2 474.2 2 886.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 15.3 16.1
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –431 –569 –1 119
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 118 128
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 112 120
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 105 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 7.0 6.8e 6.6f
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 24.2 22.2 23.0f
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 21.6 20.0 18.9f
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.3 45.4 46.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.7 79.6 79.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 795 1 127 1 339
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 169 234 267f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 21.8 49.2 105.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.1 9.3 11.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 2 178.8 Guatemala 24.3 United States 31.0
Imports 7 439.5 United States 19.9 Mexico 11.3
Honduras 15.9 Guatemala 9.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 32.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.2/8.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.9/68.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 21.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.7
g
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 67.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 44
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 89.9/91.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.7/45.3
h
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 38.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.7/83.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 64
Forested area (% of land area) 14.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 6 397/1.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 310.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 734
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 18.4/30.1
a Beginning 1 January 2001 the Salvadoran colón was replaced by the US Dollar (1 USD=8.75 colón).
b Urban areas. c December. d Age group 10 years and over. e 2004. f 2006. g Age group 15 to 44 years.
h World Association of Newspapers.

63
+-
 . 
Region Middle Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XAF)
Surface area (square kms) 28 051
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 508
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 18.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Malabo (96)
United Nations membership date 12 November 1968
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 177 7 295 10 149
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.1 9.3 12.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 734.5 15 069.3 19 997.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 874.5 4 795.5 5 920.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 61.9 36.0 42.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
b c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 131 145d
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 94 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 95 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.4 44.9 42.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 91.5 91.4 91.5
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 5 905 18 421 17 592d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.5 21.3 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 1.4 1.6d
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.2/6.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 52.8/50.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 92.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 39.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) e 1.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 3
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 0.6
f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 72.8/88.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 30.3/69.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.0/94.0g
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 107
Forested area (% of land area) 58.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 335/9.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 1 008.0
a Official rate. b Malabo. c 2004. d 2006. e Data refer to foreign citizens. f UNESCO estimate. g 2008.
h UNSD estimates.

64
+
 
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Nakfa (ERN)
Surface area (square kms) 117 600
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 851
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 41.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Asmara (601)
United Nations membership date 28 May 1993
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 706 1 098 1 316
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –12.4 2.6 1.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 191.7 242.7 271.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 199.6 249.1 344.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 16.8 21.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 9.62 15.37 15.38
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –105 ... ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 100 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.1 55.8 55.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.2 85.7 85.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) bc 70 83 78d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 0 0 0d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.8 1.8 2.2d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 1.8 2.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 6.6 Sudan 19.7 United States 15.9
Imports 432.8 Italy 12.1 United Arab Emirates 12.2
Singapore 12.1 Italy 11.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.1/3.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.3/55.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 55.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.0
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 8.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 20.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7
f
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 7 061
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 37.6/52.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 13.1/86.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 22.0/78.0g
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 91
Forested area (% of land area) 15.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 758/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 37.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 533
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.9/23.2
a Official rate. b Visitors. c Includes nationals residing abroad. d 2006. e 2003. f Estimates. g 1994.

65
+

Region Northern Europe
Currency Kroon (EEK)
Surface area (square kms) 45 100
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 335
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 29.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tallinn (397)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1991
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 628 13 938 21 275
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.9 10.2 7.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 107.9 10 368.1 15 932.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 972.3 9 967.1 15 022.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 30.6 31.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 16.97 12.58 11.43
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –299 –1 382 –3 772
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 119 133
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 160 188
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 104 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 104 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 13.6 7.9 4.7
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 33.3 34.0 35.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 7.2 5.3 4.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.1 54.4 54.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.1 65.2 65.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 220 1 917c 1 900d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 724 3 381 3 300e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 75.0 142.0 185.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 27.2 51.9 58.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 11 009.7 Finland 18.0 Finland 15.9
Imports 15 458.8 Sweden 13.3 Germany 12.8
Latvia 11.4 Russian Federation 10.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 30.0/18.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 85.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.8/65.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 7.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.3g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 69.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 13.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 116 272
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.7/99.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 61.6/38.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 190.6
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 4.3/14.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.8/79.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 12
Forested area (% of land area) 53.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 18 203/13.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 672.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 675
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 1.8/8.9
a Official rate. b Age group 15 to 74 years. c Beginning 2004, border statistics are not collected anymore.
d Derived from accommodation statistics and 'Foreign Visitor Survey'. e 2006. f Age group 20 to 49
years. g 1994.

66
+
#
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Birr (ETB)
Surface area (square kms) 1 104 300
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 83 099
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 75.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Addis Ababa (3 101)
United Nations membership date 13 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 837 11 354 16 712
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.9 10.3 11.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 112.9 143.7 201.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 112.5 143.6 200.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 20.5 18.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 8.22 8.67 8.95
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 13 –1 568 –827
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) ... 138 185c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 114 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 113 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) de ... 5.0 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e ... 6.6d 22.1fgh
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e ... 80.2d 8.6fgh
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 73.1 78.6 79.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 90.9 91.1 91.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) i 136 227 303
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 144 245 280h
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.4 1.3 2.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 0.2 0.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 277.1 Germany 9.7 China 19.6
Imports 5 808.6 United States 8.4 Saudi Arabia 11.4
Saudi Arabia 7.0 Italy 8.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 43.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.4/4.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 54.3/51.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 86.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 14.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 16.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 85 395
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 57.2/69.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 25.5/74.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 4.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.4/78.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 101
Forested area (% of land area) 11.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 881/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 27.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 055
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 15.9/23.2
a Official rate. b Index base 2001=100. c Series linked to former series. d March. e Age group 10 years
and over. f Urban areas. g July. h 2006. i Arrivals through all ports of entry. Includes nationals residing
abroad.

67
!   
Region Northern Europe
Currency Danish Krone (DKK)
Surface area (square kms) 1 393
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 49
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 35.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tórshavn (20)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 8.08 6.00 5.44
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 99 –7b ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109c 115
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
de
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 22.2 ...
de
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 11.1 ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 7 8f 8fg
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 92.0 140.1 154.4g
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 32.9 70.2 71.9g
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)g (% of exports)g (% of imports)g
Exports 631.0 United Kingdom 27.2 Denmark 30.1
Imports 783.2 Denmark 12.2 Norway 20.3
Norway 10.3 Germany 7.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) h 0.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) h 108.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 40.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 14
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 656/13.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 4 671.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 284
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.5/8.6
a Market rate. b 2003. c Series linked to former series. d September. e Age group 16 years and over.
f UNSD estimates. g 2006. h De jure estimate.

68
!
Region Oceania-Melanesia
Currency Fiji Dollar (FJD)
Surface area (square kms) 18 272
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 839
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 45.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Greater Suva (224)
United Nations membership date 13 October 1970
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 686 2 998 3 366
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.7 0.7 –3.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 103.2 3 620.0 4 013.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 144.8 3 672.2 4 071.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 18.3 18.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.13 1.69 1.61
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –68 –399 –719b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 124
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 107 106
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 96 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 96 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c ... 4.6 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 39.1 39.3 39.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.1 78.9 78.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 294 550 539
e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 49 58 59b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 17.5 37.4 65.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.5 8.3 9.4b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 745.7 Singapore 18.6 Singapore 34.2
Imports 1 779.7 United States 14.7 Australia 22.8
United Kingdom 14.2 New Zealand 17.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.0/7.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 71.1/66.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.2/90.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.1/46.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 53.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 190
Forested area (% of land area) 54.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 642/2.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 666.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 3 040
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.2/28.7
a Official rate. b 2006. c Age group 15 to 55 years. d Excludes nationals residing abroad. e UNSD
estimates.

69
! 
Region Northern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 338 145
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 5 277 a
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 15.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Helsinki (1 116)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 121 865 195 446 244 692
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.0 2.9 4.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 23 544.8 37 256.2 46 370.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 23 311.2 37 405.0 46 463.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 19.0 20.2
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 10 526 6 951 10 048
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 106 111
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 109 125
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 109 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 109 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 9.7 8.3 6.8
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 27.6 25.9 25.5
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 6.1 4.8 4.5
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.7 57.1 57.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.4 64.9 65.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 714 3 140 3 519
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 431 5 462 6 322e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 127.1 140.8 148.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 37.2 53.3 68.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 89 798.9 Germany 10.9 Russian Federation 14.1
Imports 81 576.3 Sweden 10.7 Germany 14.0
Russian Federation 10.2 Sweden 9.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 16.1
a
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 30.1/22.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 96.1
a
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.4/76.1
a
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.8
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 77.4g
a
Urban population in 2007 (%) 63.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.8
a
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 993
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 106.1/103.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.9/46.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 431.1
a
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.1/2.9i
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 41.5/58.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 21
Forested area (% of land area) 73.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 53 161/10.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 372.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 650
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 1.0/8.7
a Includes Åland Islands. b Market rate. c Age group 15 to 74 years. d Average of quarterly estimates.
e 2006. f Age group 25 to 49 years. g 1989. h Does not include free newspapers. i Rate based on 30 or
fewer events.

70
!
Region Western Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 551 500 a
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 61 647 a
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 111.8 a
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Paris (9 904)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) b 1 327 964 2 136 399 2 545 696
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) b 3.9 1.7 1.9
GDP per capita (current US$) b 21 811.6 34 018.0 40 089.9
b
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 22 111.0 34 286.1 40 421.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) b 19.5 19.9 20.9
c
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 22 307 –13 565 –31 249
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 113
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 102 104
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 98 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 98 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.0d 8.8 8.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 23.7 23.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 3.6 3.4
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.8 49.5 49.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 62.1 62.2 61.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 77 190e 75 908f 81 869fg
h
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 48 204 47 066 47 435i
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 107.0 135.2 146.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 14.4 43.2 49.6i
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)h (% of exports)h (% of imports)h
Exports 539 730.7 Germany 14.4 Germany 16.6
Imports 611 364.4 Spain 9.6 Italy 8.5
Italy 9.2 Belgium 8.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 17.4
a
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.1/22.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 95.1
a
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 84.1/77.1
a
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.9
j
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 71.0
k
Urban population in 2007 (%) 77.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.8
a
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 183 788
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 112.2/112.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.3/44.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) l 163.5
k
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.5/0.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.6/80.4m
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 135
Forested area (% of land area) 28.3
h
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 377 692/6.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 2 859.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 650
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.5/15.5
a Excludes French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. b Includes French
Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. c Market rate. d March. e Surveys at national borders.
f Non-resident visitor survey (EVE). g Provisional data. h Includes Monaco. i 2006. j Age group 15 to 54
years. k Excludes French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. l Includes specialized news-
papers. m Based on 2007 data for Lower House and 2008 data for Upper House or Senate.
71
! .
Region South America
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 90 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 202
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 2.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Cayenne (63)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 108 114
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 98 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 98 ...
b
Unemployment (% of labour force) 25.8 26.5 29.1c
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.8 54.1 53.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.6 66.5 65.4
d e
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 65 95 ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 33.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.7/7.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.9/72.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 75.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 46.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 52
Forested area (% of land area) 91.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 850/4.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 1 413.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) g 3 674
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) g 22.5/30.1
a Market rate. b June. c 2006. d 2001. e Survey at Cayenne-Rochambeau airport on departure. f UNSD
estimates. g Rochambeau.

72
! / $ 
Region Oceania-Polynesia
Currency CFP franc (XPF)
Surface area (square kms) 4 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 263
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 65.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Papeete (132)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 243 5 226 6 172
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.0 2.9 3.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 13 732.1 20 444.4 23 488.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 13 732.1 20 444.4 23 488.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 25.8 25.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 128.17 100.83 81.86
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 106 111
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 109 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 109 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.6 47.7 48.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.8 72.0 71.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 252c 208 218
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 10 11 14d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 39.5 67.7 79.2d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.3 21.5 28.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 167.0 China, Hong Kong SAR 34.0 France 30.4
Imports 1 598.2 Japan 31.7 Singapore 11.5
France 9.2 United States 9.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.8/8.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 104.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.8/71.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 12.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 149
Forested area (% of land area) 28.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 685/2.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 108.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) e 1 761
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) e 22.3/29.5
a Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.
b Excludes nationals residing abroad. c Figure estimated by the 'Institut de la Statistique (ISPF)'. d 2006.
e Tahiti.

73
. 
Region Middle Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XAF)
Surface area (square kms) 267 668
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 331
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 5.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Libreville (576)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 101 8 666 11 285
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.5 3.0 5.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 314.1 6 713.9 8 481.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 609.1 5 282.3 6 813.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 21.0 23.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 001 924 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 105 113
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 124 132d
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 102 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 63.0 62.4 62.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.0 80.0 79.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 155 222f ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 13 979 10 877 10 935d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 13.0 56.1 89.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.2 4.8 10.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d
Exports 6 015.2 United States 58.4 France 39.9
Imports 1 724.9 China 10.6 Belgium 14.2
France 7.1 United States 7.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.1/7.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 57.1/56.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 53.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 32.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 84.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.7
g
International migrant stock (% of total population) 18.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 13 086
h
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 95.9/100.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.1/83.9i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 153
Forested area (% of land area) 84.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 502/1.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 493.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 842
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.3/28.6
a Official rate. b 2004. c Libreville. d 2006. e Arrivals of non-resident tourists at Libreville airport. f 2003.
g Data refer to foreign citizens. h UNESCO estimate. i Based on 2001 data for Lower House and 2003
data for Upper House or Senate.

74
. 
Region Western Africa
Currency Dalasi (GMD)
Surface area (square kms) 11 295
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 709
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 151.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Banjul (406)
United Nations membership date 21 September 1965
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 421 461 644
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.5 5.0 4.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 304.1 285.3 376.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 289.3 275.6 358.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 26.8 23.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 12.79 28.58 24.88
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) ... –50 –59
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 157 ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 105 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 104 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 69.6 69.6 70.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.2 84.5 83.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 79 108 143
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 3.1 19.2 51.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.0 3.8 5.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 12.5 Senegal 25.6 Denmark 14.4
Imports 320.9 United Kingdom 20.0 United States 13.0
France 13.6 China 10.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.0/6.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.3/58.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 74.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.7
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 17.5
Urban population in 2007 (%) 55.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 16.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 14 898
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) d 2.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 61.4/60.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 19.2/80.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.4/90.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 36
Forested area (% of land area) 41.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 286/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 68.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 977
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 19.9/32.0
a Market rate. b Banjul, Kombo St.Mary. c Charter tourists only. d UNESCO estimate. e UNSD estimates.

75
. 
Region Western Asia
Currency Lari (GEL)
Surface area (square kms) 69 700
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 395
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 63.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tbilisi (1 100)
United Nations membership date 31 July 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 058 6 411 10 176
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.8 9.6 12.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 647.9 1 433.1 2 315.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 672.7 1 454.2 2 366.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.5 28.1 28.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.98 1.81 1.67
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –269 –772 –2 118
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 132 158
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 92 101 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 103 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.8 13.8 13.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 9.8 9.3 10.4
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 52.1 54.3 53.4
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.7 55.5 55.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.0 73.3 74.1
c
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 387 560 1 052
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 680 618 549d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 14.9 39.0 50.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 6.1 8.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 232.9 Turkey 13.9 Turkey 14.0
Imports 5 214.1 United States 12.1 Russian Federation 11.1
Azerbaijan 11.2 Ukraine 11.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.4/16.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 89.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.8/67.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 38.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 47.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 52.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 275 590
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 91.6/88.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 52.4/47.6
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 3.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.0/94.0h
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 49
Forested area (% of land area) 39.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 785/1.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 628.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 496
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) i 13.0/13.0
a Official rate. b 5 cities. c Visitors. d 2006. e Age group 15 to 44 years. f UNESCO estimate. g Includes
only newspapers which report to a governmental or national institution. h 2008. i Refers to average
temperature.

76
. $
Region Western Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 357 022
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 82 599
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 231.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Berlin (3 406)
United Nations membership date 18 September 1973
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 900 220 2 791 375 3 317 377
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.2 0.8 2.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 23 086.5 33 772.5 40 162.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 22 870.0 34 079.4 40 536.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 17.5 18.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –29 045 147 998 255 534
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 108 113b
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 106 119
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 99 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 7.9c 11.1de 8.6d
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 33.7f 30.0f 29.8d
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2.6f 2.4f 2.3d
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.2 50.5 51.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.9 66.9 66.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 18 983 21 500 24 421
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 97 969 95 507 94 542h
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 119.7 162.1 182.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 30.1 43.2 51.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 328 841.0 France 9.7 France 8.4
Imports 1 059 308.0 United States 7.6 Netherlands 8.3
United Kingdom 7.3 China 7.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 33.0/24.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.1/76.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
i
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.1j
Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 13.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 622 033
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.6/102.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 267.5
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.5/0.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 31.1/68.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 74
Forested area (% of land area) 31.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 783 982/9.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 553.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 571
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.9/13.4
a Market rate. b Series linked to former series. c May. d March. e Methodology revised, data not strictly
comparable. f April. g Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments.
h 2006. i Age group 20 to 39 years. j 1992.

77
.
Region Western Africa
Currency (new) Cedi (GHS) a
Surface area (square kms) 238 533
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 23 478
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 98.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Accra (2 121)
United Nations membership date 8 March 1957
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 975 10 726 15 179
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 5.8 6.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 246.9 476.0 646.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 239.6 467.7 634.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 29.0 34.9
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.55 0.91 0.94
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –387 –1 105 –2 151
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 251 332c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 117 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 117 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 72.3 72.0 71.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.3 73.3 73.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 399 429 497e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 568 484 483e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.7 14.5 34.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 1.8 2.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 4 186.7 South Africa 31.3 Germany 14.6
Imports 7 206.7 Netherlands 16.9 China 11.2
United States 10.8 United States 7.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.7/6.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.5/59.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 56.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 16.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 49.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 7.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 35 402
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.4
f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 72.4/76.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 34.2/65.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.9/89.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 174
Forested area (% of land area) 24.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 317/0.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 138.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 807
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.4/30.8
a Beginning 1 July 2007, 1 new Cedi = 10000 old Cedi. b Principal rate. c Series linked to former series.
d Includes nationals residing abroad. e 2006. f UNESCO estimate.

78
. 
Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 131 957
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 11 147
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 84.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Athens (3 242)
United Nations membership date 25 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 127 088 246 989 313 355
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.5 3.8 4.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 11 580.1 22 251.8 28 111.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 11 611.3 21 805.3 27 434.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 23.4 25.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –9 820 –18 233 –44 587
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 118 125
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 99 102
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 95 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 96 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 11.2 9.6 8.1
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 22.6d 22.4d 22.4c
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 17.4d 12.4d 11.6c
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.4 42.4 43.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.3 64.9 65.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 13 096 14 765 17 518
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 9 089 9 249 8 806f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 109.7 149.0 163.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 9.5 17.9 22.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 23 504.2 Germany 11.5 Germany 12.8
Imports 76 099.2 Italy 10.7 Italy 11.7
Cyprus 6.5 Russian Federation 5.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.7/24.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.9/77.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
gh
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 76.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) i 10.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 30 799
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 101.6/103.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.9/49.1
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) </1.4j
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.7/85.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 118
Forested area (% of land area) 29.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 95 359/8.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 854.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 414
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.3/22.5
a Market rate. b Series linked to former series. c Second quarter. d April to June. e Information based
on administrative data. f 2006. g Sample of all sexually active women of reproductive age, irrespective
of marital status. h Age group 16 to 45 years. i Data refer to foreign citizens. j Rate based on 30 or
fewer events.

79
.  
Region Northern America
Currency Danish Krone (DKK)
Surface area (square kms) 2 166 086 a
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 58
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 0.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nuuk (15)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 068 1 703 2 197
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.1 2.0 0.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 18 985.8 29 622.3 37 792.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 18 545.9 28 920.2 31 548.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 28.2 25.2
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 8.08 6.00 5.44
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 119
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
cd
Unemployment (% of labour force) 11.0 9.3 ...
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 73.7 137.2 156.9e
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 31.9 78.5 90.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 319.8 Denmark 84.4 Denmark 66.6
Imports 432.3 Canada 10.0 Sweden 15.7
Iceland 1.7 Germany 3.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fg 0.6e
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 25.0h
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) fg 10.0/9.0h
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fg 113.0e
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) g 71.0/65.7i
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) gj 11.0i
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) g 2.2e
Urban population in 2007 (%) 83.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 13
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 557/9.7
k
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 324.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 754
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) –4.0/1.3
a Includes 1,755,637 square kms of land covered by ice caps. b Market rate. c January. d Official
estimates. e 2006. f De jure estimate. g Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook
system. h 2005. i 2002-2006. j Rate based on 30 or fewer events. k UNSD estimates.

80
. 
Region Caribbean
Currency E.C. Dollar (XCD)
Surface area (square kms) 344
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 106
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 307.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) St.George's (32)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1974
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 410 504 537
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.0 11.0 3.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 078.8 4 787.8 5 081.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 742.7 4 563.2 4 618.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 43.8 63.8 52.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.70 2.70 2.70
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –88 –186 –222
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 103 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 103 ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 129 99 132
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 35.1 72.2 71.3c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 4.0 20.4 21.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)c (% of exports)c (% of imports)c
Exports 25.4 United States 27.6 United States 39.3
Imports 298.9 Saint Lucia 13.0 Trinidad and Tobago 19.2
Dominica 9.4 United Kingdom 5.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.1/8.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 70.4/67.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 33.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) d 54.3e
Urban population in 2007 (%) 30.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 12.1
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2
f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.4/96.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.4/78.6g
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 37
Forested area (% of land area) 12.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 235/2.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 765.0
a Official rate. b 2004. c 2006. d Age group 15 to 44 years. e 1990. f UNESCO estimate. g 2008.

81
. #
Region Caribbean
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 1 705
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 445
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 260.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Pointe-à-Pitre (19)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 116
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 103 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 103 ...
b
Unemployment (% of labour force) 25.7 26.0 22.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.7 57.0 56.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.2 64.0 63.1
cde f
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 603 372 375
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 19.2/15.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 92.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.2/76.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 98.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 22.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 51
Forested area (% of land area) 47.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 770/4.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) g 1 467.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) h 1 779
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) h 22.1/30.5
a Market rate. b June. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments.
d Air arrivals. e Excludes the north islands (Saint Martin and Saint Barthelemy). f Survey conducted at
Guadeloupe airport. g UNSD estimates. h Le Raizet.

82
.
Region Oceania-Micronesia
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 549
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 173
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 315.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Hagåtña (149)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 116 139
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 107 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.0 55.1 55.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.3 79.0 78.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 287 1 228 1 212a
b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 65.6 89.7 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 16.1 38.5 ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.1/10.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.9/73.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 9.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5
cd
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 66.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 93.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 43.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 35
Forested area (% of land area) 47.1
a 2006. b 2003. c Sample of all women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. d Age group
18 to 44 years.

83
.
 
Region Central America
Currency Quetzal (GTQ)
Surface area (square kms) 108 889
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 13 354
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 122.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Guatemala City (1 024)
United Nations membership date 21 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 17 196 27 211 33 432
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.6 3.3 5.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 531.3 2 141.0 2 503.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 512.2 2 114.5 2 472.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 18.3 20.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 7.76 7.63 7.67
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 050 –1 432 –1 592b
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 144 164
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 104 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 108 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d 1.4 3.1e 1.8bf
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 20.4g ... 22.8bd
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 36.4g ... 33.2bd
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 26.2 42.8 45.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.7 85.9 84.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) h 826 1 316 1 628
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 221 1 225 1 167b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 13.5 45.7 66.1b
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 7.9 10.2b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 6 900.4 United States 42.6 United States 34.1
Imports 12 731.4 El Salvador 12.2 Mexico 8.8
Honduras 8.6 China 5.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 41.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.3/6.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.8/66.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 30.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 43.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 48.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 381
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 85.0/92.1
i
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 45.9/54.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.0/88.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 228
Forested area (% of land area) 36.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 443/0.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 282.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 186
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 14.7/25.0
a Market rate. b 2006. c Guatemala City. d Age group 10 years and over. e 2004. f Methodology revised,
data not strictly comparable. g Excludes the areas of Norte and Peten. h Visitors. i UNESCO estimate.

84
. 
Region Western Africa
Currency Guinean Franc (GNF)
Surface area (square kms) 245 857
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 370
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 38.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Conakry (1 494)
United Nations membership date 12 December 1958
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 112 3 257 4 233
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 3.3 1.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 379.4 361.8 451.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 370.0 356.5 450.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 14.1 14.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1 746.87 3 644.33 0.00
b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –155 –175 ...
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 185 307
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 115 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 79.7 79.4 79.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 89.7 89.2 88.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 33d 45d 46e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) f 35 37 37e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 2.7 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.6 0.5e
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.0/4.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 57.6/54.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 102.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 9.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 33.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
g
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 29 251
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 52.8/70.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 21.4/78.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.3/80.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 86
Forested area (% of land area) 27.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 356/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 47.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 3 776
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.9/29.9
a Market rate. b 2004. c Conakry. d Air arrivals at Conakry Airport. e 2006. f UNSD estimates. g Data
refer to foreign citizens.

85
. 1 
Region Western Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XOF)
Surface area (square kms) 36 125
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 695
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 46.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bissau (330)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1974
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 216 301 357
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.5 3.5 3.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 157.2 188.6 210.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 147.1 158.5 186.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 14.6 15.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
b c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –27 –13 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) de ... 104 111
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.3 54.4 53.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 88.6 89.6 89.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 8b 5 12g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 8.1 17.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 2.3 2.3g
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 47.9/44.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 112.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 7.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 10.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 29.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 8 203
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2h
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 38.4/59.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) i 15.6/84.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 37
Forested area (% of land area) 73.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 271/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) j 68.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) k 1 756
k
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 19.7/32.1
a Official rate. b 2001. c 2004. d Bissau. e Index base 2003=100. f Air arrivals. g 2006. h 1999. i UNESCO
estimate. j UNSD estimates. k January to November only.

86
.$
Region South America
Currency Guyanese Dollar (GYD)
Surface area (square kms) 214 969
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 738
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 3.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Georgetown (133)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1966
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 713 826 1 059
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.4 –2.2 5.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 970.4 1 116.5 1 434.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 910.5 1 088.9 1 386.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 38.5 32.3 24.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 182.43 199.88 202.35
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –82 –96 –166
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 128 154
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 106 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 24.5c ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 21.4c ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.1 46.5 47.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.9 82.2 81.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 105d 117d 113e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 14.6 52.1 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.7 21.3 25.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 784.7 Canada 21.6 United States 25.1
Imports 1 028.8 United Kingdom 15.9 Trinidad and Tobago 25.1
United States 14.4 China 8.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 30.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.8/10.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 110.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.9/64.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 43.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 34.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 28.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.5
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 115.0/116.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 68.7/31.3
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 77.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 30.0/70.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 68
Forested area (% of land area) 76.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 491/2.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 658.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 260
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.0/29.6
a Principal rate. b Georgetown. c 2002. d Arrivals to Timehri airport only. e 2006.

87


Region Caribbean
Currency Gourde (HTG)
Surface area (square kms) 27 750
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 598
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 345.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port-au-Prince (1 998)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 515 3 985 5 869
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.1 1.8 3.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 410.0 428.6 611.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 411.5 425.5 542.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 13.0 14.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 21.17 40.45 36.86
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –114 –358 –460
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 255 311
bc
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 115 122
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 101 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 101 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.3 38.7 39.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.4 82.2 82.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 140 112 ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 24 23 23d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.6 7.6 15.6d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 7.0 10.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.4/6.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 62.8/59.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 48.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 32.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 45.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.4e
f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 34.0/36.8e
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 5.2/94.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 130
Forested area (% of land area) 3.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 766/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 67.0
a Principal rate. b Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. c Annualized average of 12
months ending 30 September of the year stated. d 2006. e 1991. f National estimate.

88

Region Central America
Currency Lempira (HNL)
Surface area (square kms) 112 088
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 7 106
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 63.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tegucigalpa (946)
United Nations membership date 17 December 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 187 9 757 12 322
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.8 6.1 6.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 160.1 1 427.7 1 734.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 124.1 1 360.8 1 649.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 24.9 30.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 14.84 18.83 18.90
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –508 –304 –1 225
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 150 169
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 155 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 165 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 4.2de 4.1 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) bcf ... 20.9 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) bcf ... 39.2 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.3 36.1 36.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.8 83.1 81.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 471 673 831
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 194 148 167g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 7.2 24.6 40.1g
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.2 3.6 4.7g
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 2 391.4 United States 42.8 United States 40.0
Imports 6 530.4 Guatemala 9.2 Guatemala 8.3
El Salvador 8.2 Mexico 6.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.3/6.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.7/66.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 28.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 65.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 47.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 43
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8h
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.8/92.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.6/41.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 23.4/76.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 230
Forested area (% of land area) 41.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 7 431/1.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 310.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 872
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.7/27.9
a Principal rate. b March. c Age group 10 years and over. d 2001. e September. f Excludes the provinces
of Gracias a Dios and Islas de la Bahía. g 2006. h 1991.

89
$
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Forint (HUF)
Surface area (square kms) 93 032
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 10 030
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 107.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Budapest (1 679)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 47 943 110 506 138 183
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.2 4.1 1.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 693.7 10 956.0 13 777.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 443.8 10 309.6 12 852.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 22.8 20.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 282.18 199.58 183.63
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –4 004 –7 463 –6 777
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 133 149
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 132 157
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 111 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 111 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 6.4 7.2 7.4
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) bc 34.2 32.8 32.6
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) bc 6.7 5.0 4.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 41.9 43.4 43.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 58.8 59.1 59.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ... 9 979 8 638
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 8 590 7 357 7 366d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 67.4 126.1 142.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 7.0 29.7 41.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 94 590.9 Germany 28.4 Germany 26.8
Imports 94 659.7 Italy 5.6 Russian Federation 6.9
France 4.7 Austria 6.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.7/19.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 90.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.4/69.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 77.4e
Urban population in 2007 (%) 67.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 937
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.5/96.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.5/41.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 217.0
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.6/2.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 48
Forested area (% of land area) 21.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 56 371/5.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 445.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 516
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.3/15.0
a Official rate. b Age group 15 to 74 years. c Average of quarterly estimates. d 2006. e 1992/93.

90
 
Region Northern Europe
Currency Icelandic Krona (ISK)
Surface area (square kms) 103 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 301
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 2.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Reykjavík (192)
United Nations membership date 19 November 1946
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 676 16 219 18 672
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.4 7.2 0.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 30 867.0 54 844.1 62 033.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 30 011.3 52 921.3 57 344.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 28.3 26.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 78.62 62.98 64.06
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –847 –2 645 –3 190
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 123 137
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 104 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 105 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 2.3 2.6 2.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ce 22.4 21.7 20.6
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ce 8.3 6.8 5.9
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 71.5 71.4 71.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.5 80.6 79.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 634 871 1 054
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 660 953 1 083g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 146.4 169.3 177.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 44.5 62.2 67.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 4 772.0 Netherlands 21.3 United States 13.5
Imports 6 689.7 Germany 13.4 Germany 12.1
United Kingdom 13.2 Sweden 10.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 21.0/17.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 83.3/80.2
h
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 2.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 92.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 85
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.1/103.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 64.3/35.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 551.6
h
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.0/2.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.3/66.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 17
Forested area (% of land area) 0.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 184/7.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 108.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 798
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 1.9/7.0
a Official rate. b Annual averages based on the months Feb.-Dec. and of January of the following year.
c Age group 16 to 74 years. d April and November. e Average of April and November. f Arrivals of non-
resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. g 2006. h Rate based on 30 or fewer
events.

91

Region South-central Asia
Currency Indian Rupee (INR)
Surface area (square kms) 3 287 263
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 169 016
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 355.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Mumbai (18 978)
United Nations membership date 30 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 467 802 808 884 1 141 346
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.0 9.2 8.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 447.1 713.0 976.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 442.3 708.1 971.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 28.1 32.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 44.94 44.10 41.35
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –4 601 –7 835 –9 415b
Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 122 136
Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 136 165
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 106 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.3e ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.3 34.2 34.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.6 81.9 81.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 2 649 3 919 4 447b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 253 433 314 387 330 904b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 3.5 12.7 23.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 3.8 6.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 145 898.1 United States 13.8 China 11.2
Imports 218 645.3 United Arab Emirates 9.9 Saudi Arabia 7.6
China 6.5 United States 6.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.1/7.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 107.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 66.4/63.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 55.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 56.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 29.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 163 966
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 76.2/83.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 39.9/60.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 70.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.2/90.8h
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 659
Forested area (% of land area) 22.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 402 359/1.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 365.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 401
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.1/31.7
a Market rate. b 2006. c Industrial workers. d Annualized average of 12 months beginning 1 April of
the year stated. e January. f Excludes nationals residing abroad. g Includes only newspapers which
report to a governmental or national institution. h Based on 2004 data for Lower House and 2008 data
for Upper House or Senate.

92
 
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Rupiah (IDR)
Surface area (square kms) 1 904 569
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 231 627
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 121.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Jakarta (9 125)
United Nations membership date 28 September 1950
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 165 021 285 869 432 817
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.9 5.7 6.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 779.5 1 264.6 1 868.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 657.8 1 203.3 1 787.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 23.6 24.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 8 421.78 9 704.74 9 141.00
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 7 992 278 10 365
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 156 188
b
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 119 123
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 123 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 123 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.1c 11.2d 9.1d
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 17.5ef 18.0c 18.0gh
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 43.8ef 44.0c 44.5gh
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 50.2 49.8 49.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.0 85.6 86.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 064 5 002 5 506
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 168 287 229 071 261 321g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 5.0 27.1 43.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 3.5 5.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 114 100.9 Japan 20.7 Singapore 13.2
Imports 74 473.4 United States 10.2 China 11.5
Singapore 9.2 Japan 8.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.3/8.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.7/68.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 26.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
i
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 57.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 50.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) j 0.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 526
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) k 3.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 88.0/90.1
k
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 43.7/56.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.6/88.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 1 087
Forested area (% of land area) 48.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 419 594/1.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 508.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 655
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 25.0/31.8
a Market rate. b Manufacturing. c May. d August. e 2001. f May. . g 2006. h February. i Sample of ever-
married women of reproductive age. j Data refer to foreign citizens. k UNESCO estimate.

93
3 % # 4
Region South-central Asia
Currency Iranian Rial (IRR)
Surface area (square kms) 1 648 195
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 71 208
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 43.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tehran (7 873)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 102 930 192 020 289 933
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.8 4.5 5.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 556.6 2 766.0 4 071.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 557.3 2 715.4 3 997.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.9 28.5 29.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1 764.43 8 963.96 9 281.15
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 12 481 ... ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 193 246b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 115 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 115 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c ... 11.5 10.5
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 30.4 32.0
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 24.9 22.8
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 28.3 30.7 31.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.4 74.3 74.7
d
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 342 1 659 ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 243 136 308 277 315 942e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 16.4 42.1 75.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.0 17.7 32.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 63 247.0 Japan 23.9 ...
Imports 40 685.8 Italy 10.7 ...
France 6.9 ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.6/6.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.6/69.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 30.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 73.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 68.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 964 743
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.9/89.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.6/48.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 2.8/97.2f
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 90
Forested area (% of land area) 6.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 451 573/6.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 607.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 230
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.7/22.5
a Official rate. b Series linked to former series. c Age group 10 years and over. d 2004. e 2006. f 2008.

94
-
Region Western Asia
Currency Iraqi Dinar (IQD)
Surface area (square kms) 438 317
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 28 993
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 66.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Baghdad (5 054)
United Nations membership date 21 December 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 20 969 33 961 69 709
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.4 3.3 2.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 837.1 1 213.1 2 404.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 830.5 1 239.5 2 406.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 3.6 20.4 16.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.31 1 472.00 1 254.57
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 122 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 123 ...
b
Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 26.8 ...
c b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 17.8 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 17.0b ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 13.0 13.9 14.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.7 69.6 69.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 78 ... ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 129 901 94 215 99 276e
f b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 4.7 6.2 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1g 0.2 0.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 41 267.9 ... ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 61.5/57.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 81.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 49.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
h
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 642 052
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 64.8/83.5
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 36.2/63.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.5/74.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 55
Forested area (% of land area) 1.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 84 532/3.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 000.0
a Principal rate. b 2004. c May. d Visitors. e 2006. f 2002. g 2001. h Data refer to foreign citizens.

95
 
Region Northern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 70 273
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 301
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 61.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dublin (1 059)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 96 389 200 838 256 074
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.4 6.0 4.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 25 339.9 48 473.0 59 539.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 21 831.2 41 278.9 51 038.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 26.0 25.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –516 –7 150 –12 695
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 119 130b
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 128 144
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 98 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 98 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 4.3 4.2 4.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 28.6 27.9 27.5e
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 7.9 5.9 5.7e
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.2 51.3 53.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.2 71.7 72.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 6 646 7 333 8 332
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 280 1 569 1 511e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 113.4 152.4 164.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 17.9 33.8 39.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 121 509.6 United Kingdom 18.7 United Kingdom 32.8
Imports 87 140.9 United States 17.8 United States 11.1
Belgium 14.4 Germany 8.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 19.8/16.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.4/76.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0
gh
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 89.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 61.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 19.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 13 733
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 108.1/105.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.1/44.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 182.4
j
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.5/1.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.5/84.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 26
Forested area (% of land area) 9.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 42 349/10.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 530.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 733
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.3/12.8
a Market rate. b Series linked to former series. c Second quarter. d Continuous survey. e 2006. f Includes
tourists from North Ireland. g Age group 18 to 45 years. h Sample of men and women. i World Association
of Newspapers. j Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

96
 
Region Western Asia
Currency Shekel (ILS)
Surface area (square kms) 22 145
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 6 928
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 312.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tel Aviv-Jaffa (3 112)
United Nations membership date 11 May 1949
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 120 896 131 241 161 989
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.9 5.3 5.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 19 870.5 19 611.5 23 382.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 18 706.7 19 373.0 23 394.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 16.3 18.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 4.08 4.49 4.11
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –996 3 980 4 523
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 112
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 103 118
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 118 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 118 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 8.8 9.0 7.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 24.0 21.7 21.9
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2.2 2.0 1.6
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.3 50.0 50.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 61.0 60.9 60.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 2 417 1 903 2 067
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 101 1 529 2 105c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 117.6 155.0 166.6c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 20.3 24.4 28.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 54 091.4 United States 35.0 United States 13.9
Imports 56 619.4 Belgium 7.5 Belgium 7.9
China, Hong Kong SAR 5.8 Germany 6.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.3/14.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.8/78.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8
d
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 68.0e
Urban population in 2007 (%) 91.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 40.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 918
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 101.8/101.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.1/44.9
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) f 1.8/5.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.2/85.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 127
Forested area (% of land area) 8.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 63 607/9.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 188.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 530
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.4/24.0
a Market rate. b Excludes nationals residing abroad. c 2006. d Age group 18 to 39 years. e 1988. f
Includes data for East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by
Israeli military forces since June 1967.

97

 $
Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 301 318
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 58 877
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 195.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Rome (3 339)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 097 343 1 769 696 2 095 141
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.6 0.1 1.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 19 020.7 30 175.7 35 585.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 18 878.2 30 044.0 35 356.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.6 20.7 20.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –5 781 –29 714 –51 032
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 117
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 96 98
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 98 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 98 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.5 7.7 6.1
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 32.4 31.1 30.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 5.4 4.2 4.0
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.5 37.6 38.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 61.9 60.9 60.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 41 181 36 513 43 654
e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 24 558 21 685 20 438f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 121.1 166.2 181.4f
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 23.0 48.2 54.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 492 058.3 Germany 12.8 Germany 16.7
Imports 504 581.8 France 11.4 France 9.0
Spain 7.3 China 5.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 33.9/26.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 83.5/77.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
g
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 60.2h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 67.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 7.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 40 454
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.9/102.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.9/43.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 137.1
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.6/1.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.2/79.8j
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 138
Forested area (% of land area) 33.9
e
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 452 108/7.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 3 076.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 733
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.6/20.3
a Market rate. b Excludes tobacco. c Average of quarterly estimates. d Excludes seasonal and border
workers. e Includes San Marino. f 2006. g Age group 20 to 49 years. h 1995/96. i World Association of
Newspapers. j 2008.

98
5
Region Caribbean
Currency Jamaican Dollar (JMD)
Surface area (square kms) 10 991
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 714
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 246.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kingston (580)
United Nations membership date 18 September 1962
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 889 9 715 11 255
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.7 1.4 1.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 047.0 3 621.5 4 147.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 920.7 3 316.7 3 834.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 31.7 32.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 42.99 62.28 68.95
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –367 –1 072 –1 744
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 166 197b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 99 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 15.5 10.9 9.4
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 16.9 17.7 17.7d
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 20.8 18.1 18.2d
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 60.8 56.7 55.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.6 74.5 73.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ef 1 323 1 479 1 679d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 10 13 14d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 33.1 86.8 106.6d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.1 46.5 55.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 2 224.0 United States 37.2 United States 40.4
Imports 6 747.6 Canada 15.0 Trinidad and Tobago 15.7
United Kingdom 9.7 Venezuela 9.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.5/11.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.2/70.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 69.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 53.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.1
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 91.9/90.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) g 69.9/30.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.6/86.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 280
Forested area (% of land area) 31.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 10 153/3.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 452.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 813
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.9/31.4
a Market rate. b Series linked to former series. c Age group 14 years and over. d 2006. e Air arrivals.
f Includes nationals residing abroad. g UNESCO estimate.

99
5#
Region Eastern Asia
Currency Yen (JPY)
Surface area (square kms) 377 873
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 127 967
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 338.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tokyo (35 676)
United Nations membership date 18 December 1956
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 667 449 4 552 192 4 379 624
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.9 1.9 2.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 36 741.7 35 592.7 34 224.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 37 210.8 36 433.3 35 382.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 23.3 23.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 107.76 110.22 117.75
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 119 660 165 783 210 490
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 98 98
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 102 109
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 97 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 97 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.7 4.4 3.9
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 31.2 27.9b 27.9
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 5.1 4.4b 4.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.3 48.5 48.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.4 73.5 72.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) cd 4 757 6 728 8 347
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 41 191 38 006 38 996e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 101.4 120.7 123.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 29.9 66.6 68.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 714 327.0 United States 20.4 China 20.6
Imports 622 243.3 China 15.3 United States 11.6
Korea, Republic of 7.6 Saudi Arabia 5.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 12.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 36.2/28.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 86.1/79.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 54.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) f 1.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 5 026
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.8/100.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 45.7/54.3
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 551.2
h
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) </0.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.3/87.7i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 309
Forested area (% of land area) 68.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 230 027/9.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 445.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 467
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.6/19.7
a Market rate. b Average of monthly estimates. c Visitors. d Excludes nationals residing abroad. e 2006.
f Data refer to foreign citizens. g World Association of Newspapers. h Refers to Japanese nationals in
Japan only. i Based on 2005 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate.

100
5
Region Western Asia
Currency Jordanian Dinar (JOD)
Surface area (square kms) 89 342
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 5 924
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 66.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Amman (1 060)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 461 12 612 15 724
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.3 7.1 5.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 763.1 2 274.8 2 654.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 791.2 2 329.7 2 707.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 30.6 32.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.71 0.71 0.71
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 60 –2 200 –2 776
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 126
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 134 146
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 109 115 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 109 115 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.8 21.8b ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 4.9 3.6b ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 13.9 15.3 15.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.4 72.0 71.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 1 580 2 987 3 431
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 221 205 191d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 20.0 66.0 90.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.5 12.6 19.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 5 700.0 United States 21.8 Saudi Arabia 21.0
Imports 13 531.1 Iraq 12.7 China 9.7
India 8.3 Germany 7.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 35.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.8/5.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 105.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.5/70.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 55.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 78.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8
e
International migrant stock (% of total population) 45.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 500 658
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.9f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.0/92.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.6/48.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.5/91.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 89
Forested area (% of land area) 0.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 20 504/3.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 225.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 269
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.3/23.5
a Official rate. b 2003. c Includes nationals residing abroad. d 2006. e Data refer to foreign citizens. f
1999.

101
'

Region South-central Asia
Currency Tenge (KZT)
Surface area (square kms) 2 724 900
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 15 422
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 5.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Almaty (1 209)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 18 292 57 124 104 143
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.9 9.7 8.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 223.2 3 755.5 6 753.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 146.8 3 402.7 6 134.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 28.0 30.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 142.13 132.88 122.55
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 366 –1 056 –7 184
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 140 ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 117 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 116 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.4b 8.1 7.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 16.3b 17.4c ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 35.5b 33.5c ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 64.7 63.6 64.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.3 74.3 74.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 471 3 143 3 876
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 79 686 124 352 133 974d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 13.5 54.7 102.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 4.1 12.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 47 755.3 Italy 16.3 Russian Federation 35.5
Imports 32 756.4 Switzerland 15.7 China 10.7
China 11.8 Germany 7.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 23.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 14.2/8.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.4/61.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 24.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 50.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 57.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) <
International migrant stock (% of total population) 19.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 12 211
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.2/97.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.2/41.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.9/87.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 73
Forested area (% of land area) 1.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 180 925/11.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 4 053.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 641
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 3.8/14.6
a Official rate. b 2001. c 2004. d 2006.

102
' $
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Kenyan Shilling (KES)
Surface area (square kms) 580 367
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 37 538
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 64.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nairobi (3 010)
United Nations membership date 16 December 1963
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 12 604 19 132 29 509
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.5 5.7 7.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 403.3 537.4 786.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 399.0 523.1 777.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 18.3 18.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 76.18 75.55 67.32
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –199 –252 –1 102
Consumer price index (2000=100) bc 100 149 195
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 106 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 74.7 74.2 74.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 88.1 87.3 87.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 899 1 536 1 644d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 151 336 359d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.4 14.3 31.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.3 3.2 8.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 4 080.8 Uganda 12.2 United Arab Emirates 14.8
Imports 8 989.3 United Kingdom 10.5 India 9.4
United Rep. Tanzania 8.1 China 7.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.7/3.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 55.2/53.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 64.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.0
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 39.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 21.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 371 495
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 78.1/81.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 37.5/62.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.8/90.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 311
Forested area (% of land area) 6.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 091/0.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 106.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 024
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.0/23.4
a Official rate. b Nairobi. c Low income group. d 2006.

103
' 

Region Oceania-Micronesia
Currency Australian Dollar (AUD)
Surface area (square kms) 726
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 95
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 131.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tarawa (42)
United Nations membership date 14 September 1999
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 47 61 73
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.1 1.6 2.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 555.7 665.5 762.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 824.6 1 024.1 1 127.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 47.4 78.0 74.4
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.72 1.31 1.20
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 108c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 107 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 7.4 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2.8 ... ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 5 3 5
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 4.3 5.2 5.1c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.8 2.2 2.2c
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 3.6 Australia 22.2 Australia 35.5
Imports 74.0 Fiji 16.7 Fiji 20.9
China, Hong Kong SAR 8.3 Japan 17.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fgh 1.6e
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fgh 97.2e
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) i 63.1/58.9j
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) i 52.0j
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) i 3.4k
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 36.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 43.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.0
l
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 17.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) m 104.3/97.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 4.3/95.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 87
Forested area (% of land area) 3.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 26/0.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) n 98.0
a Official rate. b Tarawa. c 2006. d Air arrivals. e 2005. f De facto population count. g Data compiled
by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. h Refers to the latest available census. i Published
by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. j 2003. k 2004-2005. l UNESCO estimate. m National
estimate. n UNSD estimates.

104
' & 
/ # * % # 
Region Eastern Asia
Currency North Korean Won (KPW)
Surface area (square kms) 120 538
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 23 790
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 197.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) P'yongyang (3 300)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1991
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 10 608 13 031 14 753
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.3 3.8 1.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 462.0 549.5 617.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 461.3 548.2 616.5
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.14 141.00 139.00
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 113 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.2 57.6 58.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.1 78.2 77.8
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 19 669 23 187 23 435b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) c 2.3 4.5 5.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 17.9/11.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.3/65.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 48.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 68.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 62.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) d 0.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.1/79.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 43
Forested area (% of land area) 51.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 82 616/3.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 957.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 940
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.6/15.7
a Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.
b 2006. c Refers to main telephone lines only. d Estimates.

105
' &% # 
Region Eastern Asia
Currency South Korean Won (KRW)
Surface area (square kms) 99 538
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 48 224
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 484.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Seoul (9 796)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1991
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 511 659 791 429 956 788
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.5 4.2 5.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 10 937.5 16 532.9 19 840.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 10 890.2 16 508.1 19 840.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.1 29.3 29.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1 130.96 1 024.12 929.26
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 12 251 14 981 5 954
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 118 123
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 135 156
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 97 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 98 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.4b 3.7 3.2
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 28.1 26.8 25.9
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 10.6 7.9 7.4
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.8 49.9 49.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.3 73.1 72.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ef 5 322 6 023 6 448
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 11 721 14 908 15 137g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 114.6 128.9 139.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 41.4 68.4 73.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 371 477.1 China 22.1 China 17.7
Imports 356 841.0 United States 12.4 Japan 15.8
Japan 7.1 United States 10.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 18.9/14.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.2/75.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2
h
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 80.5i
Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 273
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 98.8/103.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 37.5/62.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.7/86.3j
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 58
Forested area (% of land area) 63.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 452 218/9.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 228.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 344
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.2/16.9
a Market rate. b Estimates based on the 2000 census results. c Average of monthly estimates. d Excludes
contributing family workers working less than 18 hours per week. e Visitors. f Includes nationals residing
abroad and crew members. g 2006. h Age group 15 to 44 years. i 1997. j 2008.

106
'

Region Western Asia


Currency Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD)
Surface area (square kms) 17 818
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 851
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 160.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kuwait City (2 063)
United Nations membership date 14 May 1963
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 37 718 80 781 109 981
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.7 10.0 4.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 16 926.3 29 918.8 38 574.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 19 932.6 34 330.4 43 063.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 17.0 20.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.31 0.29 0.28
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 14 672 34 308 47 471
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 112b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 117 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 117 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 0.8 1.5 1.3b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 18.3e ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 0.0e ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 42.8 42.8 43.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 83.5 81.4 81.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 1 944 3 474 3 899b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 117 701 150 065 155 098b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 43.1 103.5 110.2b
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.9 26.1 31.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) g 2.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 23.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 3.9/3.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) g 148.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.9/76.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 52.0h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 98.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
i
International migrant stock (% of total population) 68.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 129 860
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.1/91.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 65.4/34.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) j 3.1/96.9k
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 39
Forested area (% of land area) <
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 93 586/34.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 12 681.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 107
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 18.7/32.5
a Official rate. b 2006. c June. d Administrative reports. e 2003. f Visitors. g Includes guest workers.
h 1999. i Data refer to foreign citizens. j No woman candidate was elected in the 2008 elections. Two
women were appointed to the 16-member cabinet sworn in June 2008. As cabinet ministers also sit
in parliament, there are two women out of a total of 65 members. k 2008.

107
'$$

Region South-central Asia
Currency Som (KGS)
Surface area (square kms) 199 900
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 5 317
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 26.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bishkek (837)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 370 2 460 3 745
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.4 –0.2 8.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 277.0 472.8 704.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 260.7 457.2 695.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 16.0 25.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 47.70 41.01 37.32
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –123 –60 –268
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 122 129b
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 125 109
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 101 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 101 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 12.5d 8.1 8.3b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 10.5e 17.6 19.4b
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 53.1e 38.5 36.3b
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.2 53.2 53.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.1 74.1 74.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 59 315f 766bf
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 416 1 422 1 463b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 7.9 18.7 49.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.1 10.5 14.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 134.2 Russian Federation 20.7 Russian Federation 40.5
Imports 2 417.0 Switzerland 19.9 China 14.7
Kazakhstan 18.0 Kazakhstan 12.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.6/6.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.9/62.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 53.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 47.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 10 918
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 90.1/89.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.6/44.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 1.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.6/74.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 40
Forested area (% of land area) 4.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 566/1.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 544.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 442
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.8/17.0
a Official rate. b 2006. c November. d 2002. e Age group not specified. f New data source: Department
of Customs Control.

108
6/ # *  
% # 
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Kip (LAK)
Surface area (square kms) 236 800
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 5 859
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 24.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Vientiane (745)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 733 2 871 4 163
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.8 7.3 8.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 331.8 506.9 710.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 317.4 459.7 661.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.4 31.9 39.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 7 887.64 10 655.20 9 603.16
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –8 –193 107
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 163b ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 105 114 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 115 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 80.0 79.2 79.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.6 79.8 79.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 191 672 842c
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) d 519 585 598c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.0 12.6 26.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.8 1.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.1/4.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.8/63.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 51.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 32.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 29.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
e
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 0
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 70.4/82.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 40.0/60.0
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 2.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.2/74.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 115
Forested area (% of land area) 69.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 433/0.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 75.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 661
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.8/31.1
a Market rate. b Series linked to former series. c 2006. d UNSD estimates. e Data refer to foreign
citizens. f Value is zero, not available or not applicable.

109
6

Region Northern Europe
Currency Lats (LVL)
Surface area (square kms) 64 600
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 277
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 35.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Riga (722)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1991
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 833 16 042 27 166
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.9 10.6 10.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 292.8 6 969.3 11 930.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 284.8 6 881.2 11 483.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 30.6 31.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.61 0.56 0.51
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –371 –1 992 –6 232
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 122 143
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 135 142
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 119 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 119 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 14.4 8.7b 6.0b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.3 25.8b 28.4b
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 14.5 12.1b 9.9b
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.8 51.8 53.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 64.0 67.0 68.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 509 1 116 1 653
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 258 294 249d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 46.9 112.8 125.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.2 44.6 51.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 7 893.2 Lithuania 15.8 Germany 15.2
Imports 15 185.4 Estonia 14.4 Lithuania 13.9
Russian Federation 9.6 Russian Federation 8.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 31.0/18.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 85.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.7/67.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 10.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 48.0f
Urban population in 2007 (%) 68.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 15.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 372 666
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 97.3/97.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 63.3/36.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 154.1
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 4.8/15.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.0/80.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 21
Forested area (% of land area) 47.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 6 452/2.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 453.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 633
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 2.3/9.9
a Official rate. b Age group 15 to 74 years. c Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the
state border. d 2006. e Age group 18 to 49 years. f 1995.

110
6 
Region Western Asia
Currency Lebanese Pound (LBP)
Surface area (square kms) 10 400
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 099
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 394.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Beirut (1 846)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 16 679 21 558 24 640
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.0 1.0 4.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 421.4 5 375.1 6 011.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 568.0 5 486.8 5 849.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 22.0 14.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1 507.50 1 507.50 1 507.50
b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –4 415 –2 748 –2 046
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 105 105 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 106 105 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 23.9 24.5 24.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.6 77.4 77.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 742 1 140 1 017
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 76 90 60d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 40.1 45.5 49.5d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 9.1 19.6 26.3d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 2 292.3 Switzerland 13.4 Italy 9.4
Imports 9 368.0 United Arab Emirates 8.6 United States 9.3
Syria 8.6 France 8.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.8/10.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.2/69.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 22.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 58.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 86.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 17.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 250 919
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 89.2/86.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.2/46.8
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) e 54.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 4.7/95.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 40
Forested area (% of land area) 13.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 16 891/4.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 080.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 826
a Market rate. b 2002. c Excludes Syrian nationals. d 2006. e World Association of Newspapers.

111
6 

Region Southern Africa
Currency Loti (LSL)
Surface area (square kms) 30 355
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 008
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 66.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Maseru (211)
United Nations membership date 17 October 1966
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 853 1 426 1 600
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.6 2.9 4.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 452.4 719.7 796.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 568.8 873.0 983.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 44.9 34.4 26.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 6.94 6.36 7.05
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –151 –98 0
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 140 161
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 106 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 68.6 68.4 67.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.9 75.9 75.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 302 304 300
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.5 16.6 23.0c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 2.9 3.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d
Exports 968.4 United States 68.5 South Africa 78.2
Imports 1 399.4 South Africa 17.6 China, Hong Kong SAR 5.8
Belgium 9.8 China 4.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.4/6.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 89.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 42.3/42.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 64.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 37.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 24.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
e
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR f 0
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 13.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 84.6/81.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.2/44.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.8/74.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 11
Forested area (% of land area) <
a Principal rate. b Visitors. c 2006. d 2004. e Data refer to foreign citizens. f Value is zero, not available
or not applicable.

112
6 
Region Western Africa
Currency Liberian Dollar (LRD)
Surface area (square kms) 111 369
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 750
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 33.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Monrovia (1 042)
United Nations membership date 2 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 561 548 730
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 22.6 5.3 9.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 182.6 159.3 194.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 126.5 126.8 155.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 6.8 15.9 13.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 40.95 57.10 61.27
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 98 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.5 55.2 55.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 84.7 84.4 84.5
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.3 ... 15.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 0.0b 0.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.1/3.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 46.6/44.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 132.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 6.4c
Urban population in 2007 (%) 59.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 54 920
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 58.0/79.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 42.8/57.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.8/86.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 111
Forested area (% of land area) 32.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 473/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 64.0
a Principal rate. b 2004. c 1986. d UNSD estimates.

113
6 $ 5$
Region Northern Africa
Currency Libyan Dinar (LYD)
Surface area (square kms) 1 759 540
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 6 160
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 3.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tripoli (2 189)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 34 265 42 820 62 060
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.3 5.6 7.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 6 409.8 7 235.3 10 073.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 6 368.2 7 186.5 10 078.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.6 8.6 8.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.51 1.31 1.26
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 6 270 14 945 22 170b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 100 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 22.9 24.6 25.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.0 77.4 77.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 174 149c ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 73 783 93 497 101 124b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 11.5 48.7 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 4.0 4.4b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)c (% of exports)c (% of imports)c
Exports 10 194.9 ... Italy 18.3
Imports 6 317.6 ... Monaco 12.5
... Germany 12.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 30.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.0/6.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 107.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.9/71.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 18.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.7
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 45.1d
Urban population in 2007 (%) 77.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
e
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 875
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.7f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.1/98.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.4/48.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 7.7/92.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 36
Forested area (% of land area) <
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 56 100/9.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 471.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 334
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 15.6/25.4
a Official rate. b 2006. c 2004. d 1995. e Data refer to foreign citizens. f 1999.

114
6 


Region Western Europe
Currency Swiss Franc (CHF)
Surface area (square kms) 160
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 35
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 220.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Vaduz (5)
United Nations membership date 18 September 1990
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 484 3 658 4 160
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.2 4.8 3.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 74 087.7 90 349.2 99 159.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.69 1.25 1.20
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
b
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 62 50 58
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 91.5 136.5 138.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 36.5 63.2 65.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) cd 0.9e
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) cd 17.0e
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) cd 18.8/15.8e
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) cd 97.2e
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) df 3.2g
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) d 1.5h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 14.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
i
International migrant stock (% of total population) 34.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 297
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) j 105.0/113.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 30.3/69.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 513.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 24.0/76.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 4
Forested area (% of land area) 43.1
a Official rate. b Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. c De facto
estimate. d Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. e 2006. f Rate based
on 30 or fewer events. g 2002-2006. h 2005. i Data refer to foreign citizens. j National estimate.

115
6

Region Northern Europe
Currency Litas (LTL)
Surface area (square kms) 65 300
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 390
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 51.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Vilnius (543)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1991
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 11 418 25 732 38 332
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.1 7.9 8.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 260.0 7 512.7 11 307.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 202.9 7 392.9 10 878.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 22.9 26.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 4.00 2.77 2.52
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –675 –1 831 –5 260
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 104 114
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 165 184
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 107 96 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 107 96 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.4 8.3 4.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.8 29.1 30.7
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 18.7 14.0 10.4
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.1 51.0 51.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.3 62.9 60.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 083 2 000 2 180b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 156 1 250 1 071b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 46.4 150.5 168.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.1 25.8 39.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 17 162.4 Russian Federation 15.0 Russian Federation 18.0
Imports 24 445.1 Latvia 12.9 Germany 15.0
Germany 10.5 Poland 10.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.6/17.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 87.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.3/67.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
c
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 46.6d
Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 617
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 97.5/97.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.9/40.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 107.8
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 3.7/11.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.7/82.3e
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 19
Forested area (% of land area) 33.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 13 975/4.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 893.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 683
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 2.4/10.1
a Official rate. b 2006. c Age group 18 to 49 years. d 1994/95. e 2008.

116
67  
Region Western Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 2 586
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 467
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 180.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Luxembourg-Ville (85)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 20 270 37 348 50 490
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.4 5.0 5.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 46 405.0 81 792.9 108 217.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 40 435.3 68 109.8 88 715.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 21.6 19.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2 562 4 148 4 921
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 118
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 115 118
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 111 98 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 111 98 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 2.7 4.7 4.5
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 23.2d 21.2d 21.4e
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.5d 1.3d 1.4e
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 41.1 45.7 47.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.8 65.0 64.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 852 913 917
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 76 83 87g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 125.9 162.3 182.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 22.8 67.7 73.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 16 197.3 Germany 25.7 Belgium 32.3
Imports 22 288.7 France 16.8 Germany 27.2
Belgium 12.5 France 11.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.7/18.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.6/75.7
h
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 82.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 35.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 929
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) i 3.4j
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.3/97.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.6/48.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) k 254.5
h
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.9/2.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 23.3/76.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 5
Forested area (% of land area) 33.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 314/24.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 9 364.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 876
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.7/12.3
a Market rate. b Employment office records. c Age group 16 to 64 years. d May. e Age group not
specified. f Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. g 2006. h
Rate based on 30 or fewer events. i UNESCO estimate. j 1999. k World Association of Newspapers.

117
( 
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Malagasy Ariary (MGA) a
Surface area (square kms) 587 041
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 19 683
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 33.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Antananarivo (1 697)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 878 5 039 7 417
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.7 4.6 6.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 239.6 270.3 376.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 235.2 266.1 371.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 22.2 27.4
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1 353.50 2 003.03 1 873.88
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –283 –626 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 166 203
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 131 152
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 107 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 5.8 ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f ... 3.4 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f ... 82.0 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 79.0 84.0 82.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.8 89.1 88.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 160 277 344
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 46 57 58h
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 3.2 12.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 0.5 0.6h
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 343.3 France 44.0 China 19.1
Imports 2 445.5 United States 17.7 Bahrain 15.2
Germany 5.1 France 10.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 61.3/57.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 65.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 27.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 29.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) i 0.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR j 0
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 75.8/79.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 46.5/53.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.4/90.6k
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 636
Forested area (% of land area) 22.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 814/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) l 45.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 365
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 13.8/24.0
a Beginning 1 January 2005, the Malagasy Ariary (MGA) replaced the Malagasy Franc (MGF), at a rate
of 1 Ariary=5 Francs. b Official rate. c May. d 7 main cities. e Age group 10 years and over. f Age group
6 and over. g Air arrivals. h 2006. i Data refer to foreign citizens. j Value is zero, not available or not
applicable. k Based on 2007 data for Lower House and 2008 data for Upper House or Senate. l UNSD
estimates.

118
( 
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Kwacha (MWK)
Surface area (square kms) 118 484
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 13 925
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 117.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lilongwe (732)
United Nations membership date 1 December 1964
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 402 2 867 3 574
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.6 2.9 7.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 206.6 216.7 256.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 148.4 154.1 181.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 15.8 18.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 59.54 118.42 139.96
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –74 ... ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 199 244
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 92 95b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 100 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 76.1 76.4 76.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.9 79.4 79.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 228 438 714
d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 144 146 154b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 4.1 8.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.4 1.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 868.6 Zimbabwe 15.2 South Africa 29.1
Imports 1 377.8 South Africa 14.8 Mozambique 12.2
Belgium 8.0 United Arab Emirates 7.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 46.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.5/4.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 48.4/48.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 89.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.6
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 41.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 18.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 711
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 79.4/79.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 35.3/64.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.0/87.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 154
Forested area (% of land area) 36.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 993/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 33.0
e
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 289
e
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.2/24.1
a Official rate. b 2006. c Departures. d UNSD estimates. e Mzuzu.

119
( $ 
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Ringgit (MYR)
Surface area (square kms) 329 847
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 26 572
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 80.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kuala Lumpur (1 448)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1957
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 93 790 137 954 186 720
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.9 5.3 6.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 029.9 5 377.7 7 027.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 703.0 5 131.1 6 876.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 20.5 21.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3.80 3.79 3.44
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 8 488 19 980 28 931
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 115
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 128 136
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 127 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 126 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 3.0 3.5 3.2
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 32.2 29.7 28.5
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 18.4 14.6 14.8
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.3 44.2 44.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.0 80.6 80.2
d
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 10 222 16 431 20 973
e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 76 795 95 925 100 550f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 41.9 92.0 104.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 21.4 48.2 59.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 176 205.6 United States 15.6 Japan 13.0
Imports 146 910.3 Singapore 14.6 China 12.9
Japan 9.1 Singapore 11.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.3/7.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.7/72.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 54.5g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 69.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 140 824
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 85.4/82.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.0/44.0
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 109.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 14.6/85.4i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 1 141
Forested area (% of land area) 63.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 239 834/9.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 424.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 427
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.2/32.4
a Official rate. b Series linked to former series. c Age group 15 to 64 years. d Includes Singapore
residents crossing the frontier by road through Johore Causeway. e UNSD estimates. f 2006. g 1994.
h World Association of Newspapers. i 2008.

120
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Region South-central Asia
Currency Rufiyaa (MVR)
Surface area (square kms) 298
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 306
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1 025.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Male (111)
United Nations membership date 21 September 1965
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 624 751 1 055
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.4 –5.0 7.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 287.1 2 541.7 3 453.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 177.2 2 417.0 3 277.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.3 61.3 48.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 11.77 12.80 12.80
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –56 –271 –423
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 108 118
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 92 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 92 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 19.0c 23.4d 24.3e
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 13.7c 17.3d 11.5e
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 37.5 50.5 54.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.4 75.8 76.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 467 395 676
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 11.9 77.4 114.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.2 6.6 10.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 108.2 Thailand 40.9 Singapore 22.5
Imports 1 096.3 Sri Lanka 15.0 United Arab Emirates 19.1
United Kingdom 11.5 India 11.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.1/6.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 105.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.5/67.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 34.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 39.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
g
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.0
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.0
h
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 101.5/100.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 69.9/30.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.0/88.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 55
Forested area (% of land area) 3.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 715/2.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 965.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 901
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 25.8/30.6
a Market rate. b Male. c Age group 12 years and over. d 2003. e 2006. f Air arrivals. g Estimates. h
UNESCO estimate.

121
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Region Western Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XOF)
Surface area (square kms) 1 240 192
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 12 337
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 9.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bamako (1 494)
United Nations membership date 28 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 655 5 486 6 840
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –3.3 6.1 2.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 265.4 472.5 554.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 262.1 451.8 593.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 15.4 20.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –255 –438 –231b
Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 112 116
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 88 120 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 95 117 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 8.8d ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 16.5d ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 41.5d ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.6 35.7 36.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.8 65.8 65.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) ef 86 143 164
g
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 20 22 23b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 7.4 20.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.5 0.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 440.6 South Africa 67.1 Senegal 19.8
Imports 2 184.8 Switzerland 4.6 France 14.9
Senegal 4.2 Côte d'Ivoire 12.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.3/4.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 56.6/52.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 128.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 8.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 31.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 11 113
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 48.5/65.2
h
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 31.5/68.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.2/89.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 25
Forested area (% of land area) 10.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 564/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) g 18.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 991
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.3/35.0
a Official rate. b 2006. c Bamako. d 2004. e Air arrivals. f Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and
similar establishments. g UNSD estimates. h UNESCO estimate.

122
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Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR) a
Surface area (square kms) 316
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 407
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1 286.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Valletta (199)
United Nations membership date 1 December 1964
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 893 5 913 7 411
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.0 3.3 3.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 10 010.3 14 686.2 18 227.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 9 755.1 14 031.9 17 702.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 19.5 17.8
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –480 –520 –424
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 116
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 96 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 96 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.7 7.3 6.5
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 33.0 29.6 25.9
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 1.7 2.0 1.6
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 27.8 30.3 32.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.0 68.8 67.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 216 1 171c 1 124cd
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 81.7 131.3 140.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 13.1 31.7 38.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 3 067.2 Singapore 13.6 Italy 24.9
Imports 4 748.0 Germany 13.6 United Kingdom 14.4
France 12.1 France 9.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 25.7/19.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.4/77.3
e
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 85.8g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 94.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –3.1
h
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 3 861
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.3/100.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.3/43.7
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) e 0.5/0.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.7/91.3i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 25
Forested area (% of land area) 1.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 550/6.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 012.0
j
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 553
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) j 14.9/22.3
a Beginning 1 January 2008, the Maltese Liri (MTL) was replaced by the euro (1 EUR=MTL 0.42924).
b Market rate. c Air and sea departures. d 2006. e Rate based on 30 or fewer events. f Age group 20
to 45 years. g 1993. h Data refer to foreign citizens. i 2008. j Luqa.

123
(   
Region Oceania-Micronesia
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 181
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 59
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 327.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Majuro (28)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1991
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 108 138 149
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.1 1.7 2.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 063.1 2 425.5 2 516.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 750.5 3 023.7 3 195.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 74.1 72.8 72.2
a
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 107 ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 93 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 93 ...
b c
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 9 7b
d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 8.6 9.4 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.6 3.5e ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 41.0h
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) fg 3.9/3.6h
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) i 67.4/63.7j
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) ik 37.0j
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) i 4.4j
Urban population in 2007 (%) 70.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.7
l
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 11.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) l 79.8/80.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.5/43.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 3.0/97.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 85
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 84/1.5
m
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 503.0
a Majuro. b Air arrivals. c Air and sea arrivals. d 2003. e 2004. f De facto estimate. g Data compiled by
the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. h 2006. i Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific
Community. j 1999. k Infant mortality rate using the Life Table Method. l UNESCO estimate. m UNSD
estimates.

124
(
-
Region Caribbean
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 1 102
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 399
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 361.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Fort-de-France (93)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 111 117
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 99 ...
b
Unemployment (% of labour force) 26.3 21.7 21.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.9 54.9 54.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 62.6 61.1 60.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 526 484 503c
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 19.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.9/18.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 90.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.3/76.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 98.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 17.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 31
Forested area (% of land area) 43.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 308/3.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 1 568.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) e 2 030
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) e 22.8/29.7
a Market rate. b June. c 2006. d UNSD estimates. e Le Lamentin.

125
(

Region Western Africa
Currency Ouguiya (MRO)
Surface area (square kms) 1 025 520
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 124
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 3.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nouakchott (673)
United Nations membership date 27 October 1961
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 075 1 848 2 732
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.9 6.7 0.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 418.9 623.7 874.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 423.0 645.7 922.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 40.7 21.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 238.92 265.53 258.59
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 139 159
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 105 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 105 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.3 60.1 60.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.4 80.1 79.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 30 ... ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) b 3 4 5c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.3 25.6 34.7c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 0.7 1.0c
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)c (% of exports)c (% of imports)c
Exports 556.4 ... France 15.2
Imports 1 073.3 ... Brazil 5.9
... China 5.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.6/4.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 66.0/62.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 63.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 8.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 40.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
d
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 30 496
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) e 66.6/65.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 25.6/74.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.9/80.1f
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 49
Forested area (% of land area) <
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 631/0.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 165.0
a Market rate. b UNSD estimates. c 2006. d Data refer to foreign citizens. e National estimate. f Based
on 2006 data for Lower House and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate.

126
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Region Eastern Africa
Currency Mauritian Rupee (MUR)
Surface area (square kms) 2 040
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 262 a
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 618.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port Louis (150)
United Nations membership date 24 April 1968
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 583 6 284 7 376
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.4 1.4 5.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 864.4 5 062.8 5 846.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 839.2 5 056.3 5 888.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 21.4 24.1
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 26.25 29.50 31.31
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –37 –305 –408
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 128 155
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 97 102
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 9.6 8.5c
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 38.7de 32.4 32.3c
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 11.6de 10.0 9.1c
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.6 41.3 42.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.9 77.2 77.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 656 761 907
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 8 10 7f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 38.6 81.5 90.0f
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 7.3 24.1 26.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 2 054.1 United Kingdom 33.8 India 21.2
Imports 3 900.9 France 16.8 China 11.4
United States 7.5 France 10.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 22.8
a
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.3/9.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 98.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.2/69.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 14.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 75.9
a
Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.9
a
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR g 0
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9
h
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.4/94.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 52.9/47.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 77.2
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) i 2.5/4.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.1/82.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 219
Forested area (% of land area) 18.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 408/2.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 955.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 711
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.6/29.4
a Includes Agalega, Rodrigues and Saint Brandon. b Market rate. c Age group 16 years and over. d
2001. e Age group not specified. f 2006. g Value is zero, not available or not applicable. h UNESCO
estimate. i Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

127
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Region Central America
Currency Mexican Peso (MXN)
Surface area (square kms) 1 958 201
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 106 535
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 54.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Mexico City (19 028)
United Nations membership date 7 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 580 792 767 223 893 365
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.6 2.8 3.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 5 823.4 7 358.3 8 385.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 683.0 7 245.4 8 257.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 19.3 20.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 9.46 10.90 10.93
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –18 708 –5 222 –5 539
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 127 137
b
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 103 110
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 109 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 110 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 2.6 3.5 3.4
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 27.0e 27.2c 25.9cd
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 17.3e 14.7c 13.5cd
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 38.8 41.0 41.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 82.7 81.3 80.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 20 641 21 915 21 424
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 212 599 236 409 236 443g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 26.7 62.3 82.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 5.1 16.8 21.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 271 821.2 United States 82.2 United States 49.6
Imports 281 926.5 Canada 2.4 China 10.6
Germany 1.5 Japan 5.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.8/9.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.6/73.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 16.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 76.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 665
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.6/100.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.3/49.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 92.8
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 2.4/16.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 22.1/77.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 897
Forested area (% of land area) 33.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 421 518/4.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 461.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 816
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 9.6/23.4
a Principal rate. b Including construction. c Second quarter. d Age group 14 years and over. e Average
of quarterly estimates. f Includes nationals residing abroad. g 2006.

128
( &!  



Region Oceania-Micronesia
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 702
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 111
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 158.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Palikir (7)
United Nations membership date 17 September 1991
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 217 237 253
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.3 1.5 0.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 022.9 2 153.4 2 275.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 199.2 2 323.3 2 423.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.5 35.5 35.5
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
a
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 21 19 19b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 9.0 23.9 32.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.7 11.7 13.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.9/5.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.3/67.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 34.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 22.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 98.9/96.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 144
Forested area (% of land area) 90.6
a Arrivals in the States of Kosrae, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap; excludes FSM citizens. b 2006.

129
(
Region Western Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 2
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 33
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 16 355.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Monaco (33)
United Nations membership date 28 May 1993
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 698 1 106 1 311
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 1.4 1.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 21 811.6 34 018.0 40 089.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 22 111.0 34 286.1 40 421.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 19.9 20.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
b
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 300 286 328
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 131.5 145.2 148.3c
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 40.4 51.1 56.3c
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) def 0.3g
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) de 13.0g
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) de 31.7/26.2g
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) def 94.3g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 71.6
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.0/75.0h
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 14
Forested area (% of land area) 0.0
a Market rate. b Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. c 2006. d De jure
population count. e Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. f Refers to
the latest available census. g 2000. h 2008.

130
( 
Region Eastern Asia
Currency Tugrik (MNT)
Surface area (square kms) 1 564 116
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 629
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ulaanbaatar (885)
United Nations membership date 27 October 1961
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 089 2 306 3 892
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.1 7.3 9.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 441.1 893.7 1 480.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 438.9 925.9 1 515.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 30.4 34.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1 076.67 1 205.22 1 170.96
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –156 –5 109b
Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 138 158d
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 145 165
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 109 74 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 109 74 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) efg 4.6 3.3 2.8
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) eg 14.1 16.8 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) eg 48.6 39.9 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 57.6 58.2 58.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.2 62.4 61.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) h 137 338 452
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 548 2 311 2 482b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 11.5 27.0 34.9b
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.3 10.1 11.6b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 886.6 China 74.2 Russian Federation 34.3
Imports 2 117.0 Canada 9.5 China 31.1
United States 3.4 Korea, Republic of 5.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.5/5.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.9/63.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 39.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 66.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) i 0.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 83
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 97.5/90.5
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 60.7/39.3
j
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 19.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 4.2/95.8k
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 36
Forested area (% of land area) 6.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 8 790/3.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 001.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 271
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) –14.5/15.4
a Market rate. b 2006. c Ulaanbaatar. d Series linked to former series. e December. f Official estimates.
g Age group 16 years and over. h Excludes diplomats and foreign residents. i Data refer to foreign
citizens. j World Association of Newspapers. k 2008.

131
(
 
Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 13 812
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 598
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 43.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Podgorica (142)
United Nations membership date 28 June 2006
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 982 2 257 3 118
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.1 4.2 7.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 465.1 3 712.6 5 213.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 465.1 3 712.6 5 213.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 18.3 18.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 92 112 ...
b
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 92 112 ...
cd
Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 30.3 ...
c
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 19.2 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 8.6 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) b 51.7 51.9 52.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) b 65.8 66.8 67.1
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) ... 146.3 166.2e
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... 39.8 46.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 18.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.4/18.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.8/72.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 22.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 39.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.8
f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 24 822
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 52
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 661
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.7/20.5
a Market rate. b Refers to Serbia and Montenegro. c October. d Age group 15 to 64 years. e 2006. f
Although counted as internally displaced persons (and officially referred to as such by the Montenegrin
Government), this population consists of persons displaced from Serbia (Kosovo) who are not being
accorded the same rights as Montenegrin citizens in practice.

132
(
Region Northern Africa
Currency Moroccan Dirham (MAD)
Surface area (square kms) 446 550
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 31 224
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 69.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Casablanca (3 181)
United Nations membership date 12 November 1956
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) a 37 060 58 956 73 429
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) a 1.0 1.7 2.2
GDP per capita (current US$) a 1 271.7 1 905.8 2 316.1
a
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 238.5 1 884.8 2 275.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) a 26.0 28.5 31.2
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 10.63 8.87 8.19
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –501 1 018 0
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 107 113
c
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 132 142
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 117 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 117 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 13.6 11.0 9.5
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 31.2de 19.5 20.3f
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 4.9de 45.4 43.3f
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 26.5 25.3 24.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.9 80.1 79.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 4 278 5 843 7 408
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 140 190 226f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 13.3 45.3 71.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 15.2 21.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 14 607.3 France 27.9 France 15.8
Imports 31 650.4 Spain 20.8 Spain 10.4
United Kingdom 5.2 Italy 6.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.9/7.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.4/69.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 30.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 63.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 55.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) h 0.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 457
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) i 71.9/81.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 45.2/54.8
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 11.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.2/93.8k
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 82
Forested area (% of land area) 9.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 48 006/1.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 406.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 300
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 14.6/22.0
a Includes Western Sahara. b Official rate. c Derived by the UNSD from component national indices.
d Urban areas. e 2001. f 2006. g Includes nationals residing abroad. h Data refer to foreign citizens. i
UNESCO estimate. j World Association of Newspapers. k Based on 2007 data for Lower House and
2006 data for Upper House or Senate.

133
( -
Region Eastern Africa
Currency (new) Metical (MZN) a
Surface area (square kms) 799 379
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 21 397
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 26.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Maputo (1 446)
United Nations membership date 16 September 1975
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 310 6 579 7 756
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.5 8.4 7.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 236.9 320.4 362.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 222.4 303.5 337.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.0 18.7 23.9
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 15.23 23.06 25.84
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –764 –761 –795
Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 173d 212
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 95 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 107 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 87.3 88.0 88.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.4 77.7 77.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 323e 578 664f
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 777 3 245 3 811f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.8 8.0 11.9f
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.9 0.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 2 412.1 ... South Africa 31.8
Imports 3 049.7 ... Netherlands 14.7
... India 4.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.0/4.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 42.4/41.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 95.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 16.5
Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 6 929
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 65.6/77.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 33.1/66.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 2.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 34.8/65.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 189
Forested area (% of land area) 24.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 880/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 80.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 814
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 18.6/27.2
a Beginning 1 July 2006, 1 new Metical (MZN) = 1000 old Metical (MZM). b Principal rate. c Maputo.
d Series linked to former series. e 2001. f 2006.

134
($
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Kyat (MMK)
Surface area (square kms) 676 578
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 48 798
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 72.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Yangon (4 088)
United Nations membership date 19 April 1948
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 275 11 931 18 510
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.8 13.6 5.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 158.6 248.7 379.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 158.6 248.7 386.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 12.2 15.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 6.43 5.81 5.56
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –212 582 0
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 297 481
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 123 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 124 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 68.8 69.0 69.2
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.7 86.3 86.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) b 208 232 248
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 6 839 12 646 12 998c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.6 1.2 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0d 0.1 0.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 25.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.9/8.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.3/59.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 66.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 37.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 31.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
e
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 790 861
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 78.1/77.7
f
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 63.4/36.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 227
Forested area (% of land area) 49.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 314/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 72.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 681
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.6/32.3
a Official rate. b Includes tourist arrivals through border entry points to Yangon. c 2006. d 2001. e Data
refer to foreign citizens. f UNESCO estimate.

135
: 
Region Southern Africa
Currency Namibian Dollar (NAD)
Surface area (square kms) 824 292
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 074
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 2.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Windhoek (314)
United Nations membership date 23 April 1990
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 414 6 245 7 410
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.5 4.8 4.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 816.3 3 091.8 3 572.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 833.9 3 036.2 3 607.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 24.5 25.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 6.94 6.36 7.05
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 173 268 999b
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) ... 114 128
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 96 135 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 96 135 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d 33.8 36.7e ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 12.2 14.8e ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 31.1 29.9e ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.5 48.6 48.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 63.9 59.4 59.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 656 778 929
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 10.8 28.9 45.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.7 4.0 4.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 4 040.3 South Africa 29.0 South Africa 78.1
Imports 4 026.0 United Kingdom 16.9 France 2.8
Italy 14.1 China 2.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.8/5.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 53.1/52.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 42.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 43.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 7 783
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 87.8/84.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 46.7/53.3
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 28.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 26.9/73.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 82
Forested area (% of land area) 9.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 554/1.3
a Official rate. b 2006. c Index base 2002=100. d Age group 15 to 69 years. e 2004.

136
:
Region Oceania-Micronesia
Currency Australian Dollar (AUD)
Surface area (square kms) 21
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 10
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 483.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nauru (10)
United Nations membership date 14 September 1999
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 18 26 23
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.1 0.0 0.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 827.5 2 568.6 2 217.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 617.9 3 679.6 3 175.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 47.5 77.9 74.5
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.72 1.31 1.20
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 100 ...
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 26.1 ... ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) bc 0.3d
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) bc 104.2d
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) e 57.1/55.2f
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) e 45.8g
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) e 3.3g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
h
International migrant stock (% of total population) 51.8
i
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 65.7/60.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0j
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 73
Forested area (% of land area) 0.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 143/14.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 3 457.0
a Official rate. b De facto estimate. c Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook
system. d 2002. e Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. f 2006. g 2006-2007. h Data
refer to foreign citizens. i National estimate. j 2008. k UNSD estimates.

137
: #
Region South-central Asia
Currency Nepalese Rupee (NPR)
Surface area (square kms) 147 181
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 28 196
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 191.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kathmandu (895)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 6 210 9 058 11 815
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.1 2.8 2.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 254.3 334.3 419.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 226.2 281.3 361.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 20.9 20.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 71.09 71.37 66.42
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –299 1 –130
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 123 141
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 13.4c ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 65.7c ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.7 57.6 59.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.2 76.5 76.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 464 375 527
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 152 231 236e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.2 2.6 6.4e
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 0.8 1.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)f (% of exports)f (% of imports)f
Exports 652.7 India 52.4 India 53.0
Imports 1 801.6 United States 29.1 China 8.4
China 3.4 Singapore 6.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/5.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 64.2/63.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 53.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 48.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 16.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 032 455
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 76.6/82.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 27.6/72.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.2/66.8h
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 81
Forested area (% of land area) 25.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 125/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 46.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 425
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.7/24.8
a Official rate. b Age group 10 years and over. c 2001. d Includes arrivals from India. e 2006. f 2003.
g UNESCO estimate. h 2008.

138
:
  
Region Western Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 41 528
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 16 419
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 395.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Amsterdam (1 031)
United Nations membership date 10 December 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 385 074 632 945 766 251
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.9 1.5 3.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 24 182.2 38 765.1 46 669.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 24 704.1 39 008.7 46 970.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 19.0 19.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 7 264 45 723 47 435
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 116b
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 105 109
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 93 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 93 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 3.1 5.1 3.5
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 21.3d 19.8 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 3.3d 3.0 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.9 55.5 56.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.4 70.3 70.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 10 003 10 012 11 008
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 60 529 65 701 64 302f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 129.1 143.7 151.5f
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 43.8 79.7 91.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 477 640.6 Germany 23.6 Germany 20.1
Imports 421 367.7 Belgium 11.9 Belgium 10.8
United Kingdom 9.1 China 8.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 26.4/21.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.9/77.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.7
g
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 67.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 96 888
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 111.1/113.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.1/48.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 307.5
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.6/1.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 39.1/60.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 23
Forested area (% of land area) 10.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 125 760/7.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 384.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 780
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.1/13.4
a Market rate. b Series linked to former series. c Age group 15 to 64 years. d Average of semestrial
estimates. e Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. f 2006. g
Age group 18 to 45 years. h World Association of Newspapers.

139
:
   

Region Caribbean
Currency N.A. Guilder (ANG)
Surface area (square kms) 800
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 192
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 239.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Willemstad (120)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 860 3 204 3 463
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –2.7 0.9 1.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 15 829.6 17 188.2 18 077.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 15 958.4 17 130.9 18 017.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.7 23.3 25.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.79 1.79 1.79
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –37 –148 –590
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 116c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...
bd
Unemployment (% of labour force) 14.2 18.2 12.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 18.0d 15.1d 16.0
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 1.1d 0.9d 1.3
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.7 55.6 55.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.2 66.3 67.7
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 37.2e 90.1fg ...
h
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 ... ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 17.9/15.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 86.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.8/71.3
i
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 14.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 92.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 26.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 109.7/107.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.7/40.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 39
Forested area (% of land area) 1.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 891/20.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 6 354.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 552
a Official rate. b Curaçao. c Series linked to former series. d October. e Refers to main telephone lines
only. f 2004. g Refers to cellular lines only. h 1999. i Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

140
: " 
Region Oceania-Melanesia
Currency CFP Franc (XPF)
Surface area (square kms) 18 575
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 242
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 13.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nouméa (156)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 412 6 248 7 994
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.1 0.8 0.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 15 866.4 26 678.0 33 072.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 15 866.4 26 678.0 33 072.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 26.4 26.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 128.17 100.83 81.86
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 108 112
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 103 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 103 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 44.9 44.0 43.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.0 71.5 71.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 110 101 103
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 39 31 37d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 47.0 80.0 97.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 14.0 32.1 33.2d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 647.8 Japan 24.1 France 26.6
Imports 2 427.3 France 15.8 Singapore 13.6
China 12.1 Australia 10.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 25.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.0/11.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.7/72.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) e 6.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 64.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 23.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 355
Forested area (% of land area) 39.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 638/11.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 905.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 072
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.2/26.0
a Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.
b Nouméa. c Includes nationals residing abroad. d 2006. e Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

141
: ;  
Region Oceania
Currency New Zealand Dollar (NZD)
Surface area (square kms) 270 467
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 179
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 15.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Auckland (1 245)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 52 657 110 436 130 449
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.4 2.7 3.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 13 662.8 26 954.6 31 219.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 12 770.8 25 020.3 28 979.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 24.1 22.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.20 1.42 1.36
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –2 678 –9 291 –10 233
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 120
Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 116 111
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 115 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 116 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.0 3.7 3.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) cd 23.2 22.0 21.9
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) cd 8.7 7.1 7.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 57.0 60.3 60.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.6 74.8 74.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 780 2 353 2 434
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 11 500 9 215 9 534e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 87.4 130.5 142.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 39.3 68.4 80.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 26 930.9 Australia 21.9 Australia 20.6
Imports 30 890.4 United States 11.5 China 13.3
Japan 9.2 United States 9.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.0/18.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.2/78.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.0
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 74.1g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 86.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 22.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 916
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 113.5/110.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.0/41.0
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 182.5
i
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.6/1.7j
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.6/66.4k
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 143
Forested area (% of land area) 31.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 29 946/7.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 241.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 137
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 11.6/18.7
a Market rate. b Annualized average of four quarters ending 31 March of the year stated. c Average of
quarterly estimates. d Excludes Chathams, Antarctic Territory and other minor offshore islands. e 2006.
f Age group 20 to 49 years. g 1995. h World Association of Newspapers. i Includes Campbell and
Kermadec Islands; also includes Antipodes, Auckland, Bounty, Snares, Solander and Three Kess island,
all of which are uninhabited. j Rate based on 30 or fewer events. k 2008.
142
:
Region Central America
Currency Cordoba Oro (NIO)
Surface area (square kms) 120 340
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 5 603
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 46.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Managua (920)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 938 4 855 5 675
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.1 4.4 4.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 770.9 888.7 1 012.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 731.4 865.5 989.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 28.5 29.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 12.68 16.73 18.45
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –842 –734 –1 048
Consumer price index (2000=100) b ... 147 179
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 127 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 128 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c ... 5.6 5.2d
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 19.7 19.3d
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 28.9 29.1d
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.4 36.0 37.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 86.8 87.1 87.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 486 712e 800e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 30 61 59d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 5.0 23.0 37.1d
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.0 2.4 2.8d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 194.5 United States 62.2 United States 45.9
Imports 3 538.0 El Salvador 14.1 Mexico 13.1
Honduras 9.3 Costa Rica 8.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 35.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/6.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.0/69.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 21.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 209
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.4/92.4
f
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 52.1/47.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.5/81.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 111
Forested area (% of land area) 42.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 913/0.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 246.0
g
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 989
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) gh 26.9/...
a Principal rate. b Index base 1999=100. c Age group 10 years and over. d 2006. e Includes nationals
residing abroad. f UNESCO estimate. g Chinandega. h Refers to average temperature.

143
: 
Region Western Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XOF)
Surface area (square kms) 1 267 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 14 226
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 11.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Niamey (915)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 666 3 327 4 107
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –2.6 7.4 3.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 149.8 250.8 288.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 148.3 250.1 291.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.4 21.3 22.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –104 –312 –314b
Consumer price index (2000=100) cd 100 114 114
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 93 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 93 102 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 39.1 39.3 39.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.7 87.6 87.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 50 60 60b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 111 127 128b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 2.5 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 0.2 0.3b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 473.1 France 44.1 France 18.9
Imports 957.8 Japan 14.1 United States 9.0
Switzerland 12.5 Côte d'Ivoire 7.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 47.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.1/5.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 56.0/57.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 110.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 7.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 11.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 16.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 338
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 26.6/37.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 26.6/73.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) <
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.4/87.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 21
Forested area (% of land area) 1.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 059/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 23.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 541
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.4/36.2
a Official rate. b 2006. c Niamey. d Excludes rent. e UNSD estimates.

144
: 
Region Western Africa
Currency Naira (NGN)
Surface area (square kms) 923 768
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 148 093
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 160.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lagos (9 466)
United Nations membership date 7 October 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 46 386 112 248 173 184
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.3 5.4 5.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 371.8 794.1 1 169.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 340.5 746.6 1 134.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 7.0 5.5 8.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 101.70 131.27 125.81
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 7 429 24 202 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 207 237
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 106 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 37.0 38.1 38.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.7 71.5 70.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 813 1 010 1 111b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 124 335 154 656 152 250b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 15.1 28.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 3.8 6.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)b (% of exports)b (% of imports)b
Exports 59 215.2 United States 45.0 United States 15.7
Imports 22 903.3 India 9.3 China 13.8
Spain 8.0 United Kingdom 11.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 43.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 47.3/46.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 109.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.3
c
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 12.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 47.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
d
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 270
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 0.9e
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 60.6/73.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 40.7/59.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 7.3/92.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 251
Forested area (% of land area) 12.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 114 299/0.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 153.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 538
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.7/30.7
a Principal rate. b 2006. c Age group 20 to 43 years. d Data refer to foreign citizens. e 1991.

145
:
Region Oceania-Polynesia
Currency New Zealand Dollar (NZD)
Surface area (square kms) 260
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 6.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Alofi (1)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 2.20 1.42 1.36
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 120b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 101 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 101 ...
c
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 20.4 ... ...
c
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 9.0 ... ...
d e e
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2 3 4f
g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 78.6 100.0 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 26.9 50.0 ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) hi –1.8b
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) hi 25.0b
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) hi 16.9/14.0b
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) hi 97.0b
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) j 76.0/67.0k
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) j 7.8k
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) j 2.6k
Urban population in 2007 (%) 38.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –2.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 25.6
l
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.2/100.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 41
Forested area (% of land area) 54.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4/2.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) m 625.0
a Market rate. b 2006. c 2001. d Includes Niueans residing usually in New Zealand. e Air arrivals. f Air
and sea arrivals. g 2004. h De jure estimate. i Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic
Yearbook system. j Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. k 2001-2006. l National
estimate. m UNSD estimates.

146
:
 ( 
Region Oceania-Micronesia
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 464
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 84
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 180.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Saipan (76)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Consumer price index (2000=100) a 100 100 112
Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 4.6bc ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 517 498 429e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 34.7 ... ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) fg 1.9h
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) fg 24.6i
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) fg 3.7/4.3i
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) fg 91.6h
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) j 77.1/73.5k
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) jl 6.5m
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) j 1.6n
Urban population in 2007 (%) 91.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 62.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 85
Forested area (% of land area) 72.4
a Saipan. b 2003. c Age group 16 years and over. d Air arrivals. e 2006. f De facto estimate. g Data
compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. h 2002. i 2005. j Published by the
Secretariat of the Pacific Community. k 1999-2001. l Rate based on 30 or fewer events. m 2000-2002.
n 2000.

147
:$
Region Northern Europe
Currency Norwegian Krone (NOK)
Surface area (square kms) 323 802 b
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 698 a
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 14.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Oslo (835)
United Nations membership date 27 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 168 288 302 013 387 427
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.3 2.7 2.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 37 491.2 65 105.2 82 464.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 36 985.4 65 555.3 82 239.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 18.8 19.8
c
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 8.80 6.44 5.86
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 25 079 49 003 60 459
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 112
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 97 94
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 101 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 101 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 3.4d 4.6d 2.5e
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 21.9d 20.9d 21.0e
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 4.1d 3.3d 2.8e
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 61.3 61.7 62.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.0 71.5 71.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 3 104 3 824 4 290
a
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 224 562 239 221 230 036g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 124.9 149.0 152.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 26.6 58.5 80.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)a (% of exports)a (% of imports)a
Exports 136 357.0 United Kingdom 26.2 Sweden 14.7
Imports 80 297.7 Germany 12.3 Germany 13.6
Netherlands 10.3 United Kingdom 6.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) a 18.2
a
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 27.0/21.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) a 98.8
a
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.5/77.8
a
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) a 1.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 73.8h
a
Urban population in 2007 (%) 77.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) a 0.7
a
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 41 430
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.8/104.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.7/40.3
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 516.0
bi
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.5/0.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 36.1/63.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 b 34
Forested area (% of land area) 30.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 52 916/11.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) a 6 086.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 763
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 2.4/9.6
a Includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands. b Excludes Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands. c Official rate.
d Age group 16 to 74 years. e Age group 15 to 74 years. f Average of quarterly estimates. g 2006. h
1989. i Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

148
<# /
= 
$
Region Western Asia
Currency Shekel (ILS)
Surface area (square kms) 6 020
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 018
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 667.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Gaza (515) a
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 116 4 844 5 458
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –5.6 6.0 0.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 306.8 1 287.7 1 358.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 521.9 1 442.7 1 518.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.7 24.1 22.2
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 4.08 4.49 4.11
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 047 –1 107 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 119 127
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 113 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 14.1 23.3 21.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 34.4c 26.3 23.8
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 13.7c 14.6 15.6
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 10.3 13.9 14.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.4 67.3 66.9
d
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 310 88 264
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 14.2 39.0 36.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.1 6.6 9.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 366.7 Israel 89.1 Israel 72.6
Imports 2 758.7 Jordan 6.3 China 4.1
Algeria 1.0 Turkey 3.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.0/71.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 17.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 50.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 71.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 43.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 23
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 91.2/87.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.6/46.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) f 9.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 17
Forested area (% of land area) 1.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 656/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) g 318.0
a Includes Ash Shati Camp. b Market rate. c Age group 10 years and over. d Arrivals of non-resident
tourists in hotels and similar establishments. e 2006. f World Association of Newspapers. g UNSD
estimates.

149
<
Region Western Asia
Currency Rial Omani (OMR)
Surface area (square kms) 309 500
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 595
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 8.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Masqat (620)
United Nations membership date 7 October 1971
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 19 868 30 923 40 343
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.5 6.0 5.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 8 270.7 12 334.4 15 545.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 7 905.9 11 553.2 14 768.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 17.9 21.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.38 0.38 0.38
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 3 129 4 176 4 377b
c d
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 100 109
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 97 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 97 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 11.2 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 6.4 ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 23.6 24.9 25.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.5 77.0 76.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 571 989 1 144
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 56 633 56 557 59 443b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 15.7 62.0 106.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.7 11.1 13.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 24 691.5 China 26.8 United Arab Emirates 26.4
Imports 16 024.7 Japan 11.8 Japan 15.7
United Arab Emirates 11.6 India 6.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) f 2.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/4.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) f 125.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.5/74.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.0
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 23.7g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 71.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
h
International migrant stock (% of total population) 28.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 48
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 84.7/86.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 49.9/50.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.1/90.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 74
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 31 444/12.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 5 717.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 98
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.0/33.2
a Official rate. b 2006. c Muscat. d Series linked to former series. e Arrivals of non-resident tourists in
hotels and similar establishments. f Includes guest workers. g 1995. h Data refer to foreign citizens.

150
/

Region South-central Asia
Currency Pakistani Rupee (PKR)
Surface area (square kms) 796 095
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 163 902
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 205.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Karachi (12 130)
United Nations membership date 30 September 1947
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 78 472 127 597 163 290
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.0 6.9 6.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 543.6 807.2 996.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 536.5 823.1 1 018.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.7 20.2 22.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 53.65 59.51 60.74
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –85 –3 606 –8 253
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 129 150
bc
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 167 177d
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 113 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ef 7.8 7.7 5.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) f 18.0gh 20.3h 21.0e
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) f 48.4gh 43.0h 43.6e
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 16.1 19.3 20.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 84.1 84.3 84.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 557 798 840
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 23 739 36 632 36 438d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.4 11.7 51.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.4g 6.8 10.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 17 838.4 United States 21.6 China 12.8
Imports 32 593.9 United Arab Emirates 11.9 Saudi Arabia 12.3
United Kingdom 5.4 United Arab Emirates 8.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.9/6.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 105.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.8/65.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 67.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 26.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 35.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR i 2 038 154
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 45.8/58.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 44.5/55.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 50.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.2/78.8j
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 99
Forested area (% of land area) 2.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 134 300/0.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 343.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 168
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.2/30.0
a Market rate. b Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. c Annualized average of 12
months beginning 1 July of the year stated. d 2006. e January. f Age group 10 years and over. g 2001.
h July. i Total refugee figures include recognized Afghan refugees (1,700), registered Afghans in refugee
villages who are assisted by UNHCR (866,700), and registered Afghans outside refugee villages who
are living in a 'refugee-like' situation (1,147,500). j Based on 2008 data for Lower House and 2006 data
for Upper House or Senate.

151
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Region Oceania-Micronesia
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 459
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 20
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 44.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Koror (13)
United Nations membership date 15 December 1994
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 120 145 170
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.3 5.5 5.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 6 217.9 7 187.6 8 375.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 6 503.2 7 394.7 8 651.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.0 17.5 26.7
a
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 58 86 93
b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 2 2c
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) def 0.4g
eh
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.0g
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) eh 10.0/6.7g
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) def 116.2g
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) i 72.1/66.3g
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) ij 20.0k
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) i 2.0k
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) l 32.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 79.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –5.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 28.1
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) m 10.3
n
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 103.1/101.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) m 63.4/36.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.9/93.1o
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 126
Forested area (% of land area) 87.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 114/5.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) b 1 845.0
a Air arrivals (Palau International Airport). b UNSD estimates. c 2006. d De facto population count. e
Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. f Refers to the latest available
census. g 2005. h De jure population count. i Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. j
Rate based on 30 or fewer events. k 2003-2005. l Age group 15 to 44 years. m UNESCO estimate. n
National estimate. o 2008.

152
/
Region Central America
Currency Balboa (PAB)
Surface area (square kms) 75 517
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 343
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 44.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Panama City (1 281)
United Nations membership date 13 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 11 621 15 465 19 740
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.7 7.2 11.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 939.2 4 785.6 5 904.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 654.9 4 341.0 5 360.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 16.8 20.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.00 1.00 1.00
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –673 –1 022 –1 422
bc
Consumer price index (2000=100) ... 103 110
Industrial production index (2000=100) d 100 106 121
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 105 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 105 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) e 13.5 10.3 6.8
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e 17.4 17.2 19.3
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e 17.0 15.7 14.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.1 48.0 47.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.4 81.1 80.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 484 702 1 103
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 294 333 336f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 29.6 68.7 86.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.8 11.5 15.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 120.5 United States 35.7 United States 30.8
Imports 6 868.1 Netherlands 10.2 Netherlands Antilles 7.1
China 5.6 China 5.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.9/10.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.2/73.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 18.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 72.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 17 422
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) g 3.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 92.0/90.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 60.9/39.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 65.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.7/83.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 320
Forested area (% of land area) 57.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 884/1.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 699.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 907
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 20.0/33.8
a Official rate. b Urban areas. c Index base 2003=100. d Derived by the UNSD from component national
indices. e August. f 2006. g UNESCO estimate.

153
/#: . 
Region Oceania-Melanesia
Currency Kina (PGK)
Surface area (square kms) 462 840
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 6 331
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 13.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port Moresby (299)
United Nations membership date 10 October 1975
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 499 4 589 6 032
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –2.5 4.8 6.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 650.3 756.1 952.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 587.5 620.5 823.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 17.5 14.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.78 3.10 2.97
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 345 423 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 146 150b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 110 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 2.8 ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ce 3.6 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ce 72.3 ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 71.3 71.2 71.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.7 73.2 73.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 58 69 104
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 869 2 780 3 200b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.4 2.4 5.7
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.9 1.8 1.8b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)f (% of exports)f (% of imports)f
Exports 2 722.2 ... Australia 58.7
Imports 1 567.2 ... United States 7.6
... Singapore 7.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.5
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.4/4.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.4/54.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 60.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 25.9g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 12.5
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
h
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 10 012
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 35.0/44.0i
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 8.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.9/99.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 446
Forested area (% of land area) 65.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 437/0.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 257.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 899
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.3/31.3
a Official rate. b 2006. c July. d Population census. e Age group 10 years and over. f 2004. g 1996. h
Data refer to foreign citizens. i 1991. j World Association of Newspapers.

154
/$
Region South America
Currency Guarani (PYG)
Surface area (square kms) 406 752
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 6 127
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 15.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Asunción (1 870)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 7 095 7 473 12 004
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –3.3 2.9 6.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 326.4 1 265.7 1 959.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 346.8 1 252.5 1 963.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 19.3 21.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3 486.35 6 177.96 5 032.72
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –163 53 126
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 150 179
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 114 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cde 7.6 8.1f 5.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 17.4c 15.8fgh 18.1de
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 30.8c 31.5fgh 29.5de
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 62.7 69.2 70.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 84.6 84.1 84.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) i 289j 341k 416k
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 4 600 4 403 4 628l
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 20.1 35.8 78.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 3.2 4.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 2 784.7 Brazil 20.0 Brazil 29.0
Imports 5 844.7 Argentina 19.8 China 27.8
Uruguay 9.5 Argentina 14.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.8/7.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.9/69.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 32.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.1
m
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 59.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 76
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 89.1/89.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) n 52.3/47.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.6/86.4o
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 47
Forested area (% of land area) 46.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 3 877/0.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 321.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 401
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 18.2/28.4
a Market rate. b Asunción. c Year beginning in September of the year indicated. d Fourth quarter. e
Age group 10 years and over. f 2003. g August to November. h Excludes the departments of Boquerón
and Alto Paraguay. i Excludes nationals residing abroad and crew members. j Inbound and outbound
tourism survey - Central Bank of Paraguay. k E/D cards in the 'Silvio Petirossi' airport and passenger
counts at the national border crossings - National Police and SENATUR. l 2006. m Age group 15 to 44
years. n UNESCO estimate. o 2008.

155
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Region South America
Currency Nuevo Sol (PEN)
Surface area (square kms) 1 285 216
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 27 903
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 21.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lima (8 012)
United Nations membership date 31 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 53 336 79 466 108 259
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.0 6.7 9.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 078.3 2 913.6 3 879.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 023.2 2 727.2 3 547.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 18.3 20.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3.49 3.30 3.13
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 546 1 148 1 505
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 114
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 123 144
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 114 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 115 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 7.7ef 7.5 7.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) dg 18.8 41.5 42.1
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) dg 6.8 11.8 9.3
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.8 62.9 63.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.2 81.2 82.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 800 1 487h 1 812h
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 7 485 8 746 10 680i
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 11.7 28.0 64.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.1 16.4 27.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 27 800.1 United States 19.4 United States 17.7
Imports 20 493.8 China 10.9 China 12.1
Switzerland 8.4 Brazil 9.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.2/8.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.0/68.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 21.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 71.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 71.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 535
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 107.2/105.6
j
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 50.9/49.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 29.2/70.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 536
Forested area (% of land area) 53.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 37 006/1.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 455.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 13
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.7/22.1
a Market rate. b Metropolitan areas. c Metropolitan Lima. d Age group 14 years and over. e 2002. f
Fourth quarter. g Urban areas. h Beginning 2002, new estimated series including tourists with identity
document other than a passport. i 2006. j UNESCO estimate.

156
/ ##
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Philippine Peso (PHP)
Surface area (square kms) 300 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 87 960
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 293.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Manila (11 100)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 75 912 98 718 144 129
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.0 4.9 7.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 996.1 1 167.3 1 638.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 058.8 1 263.3 1 792.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 14.4 14.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 44.19 55.09 46.15
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –2 225 1 984 5 766
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 130 142
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 114 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 10.1 7.4c 7.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 16.0 14.9 15.1
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 37.4 37.0 36.1
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.6 49.7 49.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.5 79.8 80.4
d
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 992 2 623 3 092
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 377 6 126 6 072e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 12.4 45.3 55.1e
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.0 5.5 6.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 50 465.7 United States 17.0 United States 14.0
Imports 57 995.7 Japan 14.5 Japan 12.4
China, Hong Kong SAR 11.5 Singapore 11.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 34.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.4/6.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.9/69.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 23.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 50.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 64.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
f
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 302
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 100.5/98.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.5/45.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 78.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 20.2/79.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 641
Forested area (% of land area) 24.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 74 958/0.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) g 248.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 201
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 25.2/31.2
a Market rate. b October. c Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. d Includes nationals
residing abroad. e 2006. f Data refer to foreign citizens. g UNSD estimates.

157
/ 
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Zloty (PLN)
Surface area (square kms) 312 685
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 38 082
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 121.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Warsaw (1 707)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 171 276 303 912 419 205
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.3 3.6 6.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 456.5 7 956.7 11 008.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 421.3 7 686.7 10 537.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 18.3 22.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 4.35 3.24 2.77
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –9 981 –3 705 –15 905
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 119
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 130 159
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 95 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 95 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.1 17.7b 9.6b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 30.8 29.2 30.7
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 18.8 17.4 14.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 49.3 47.6 47.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 63.5 62.5 61.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 17 400 15 200 14 975
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 75 786 74 058 72 304d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 45.8 106.4 135.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 7.2 32.6 42.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 138 785.0 Germany 25.9 Germany 24.0
Imports 164 172.5 Italy 6.6 Russian Federation 8.7
France 6.1 China 7.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.5/16.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.8/71.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2
e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 49.4f
Urban population in 2007 (%) 61.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 15 804
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 98.2/99.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.4/42.6
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 113.6
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/2.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.0/82.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 37
Forested area (% of land area) 30.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 302 390/7.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 412.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 520
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.0/12.3
a Official rate. b Age group 15 to 74 years. c Average of quarterly estimates. d 2006. e Age group 20
to 49 years. f 1991.

158
/

Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 92 090
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 10 623
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 115.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lisbon (2 812)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 112 650 185 309 222 982
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.9 0.7 2.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 11 014.6 17 601.1 20 990.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 10 743.3 17 236.6 20 166.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.2 21.7 21.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –11 595 –17 619 –22 092
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 123
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 100 105
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 3.9 7.6 8.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 34.7 30.8 30.5
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 12.8 11.9 11.6
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.0 55.5 56.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 69.9 69.4 69.8
d ef
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 12 097 10 612 12 321f
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 029 599 1 315g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 109.6 149.4 165.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 16.8 27.2 33.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 51 517.0 Spain 26.7 Spain 29.5
Imports 78 325.6 Germany 12.5 Germany 12.8
France 12.0 France 8.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 29.0/22.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.2/75.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 5.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.5
hi
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 67.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 58.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 353
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 106.8/105.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.2/44.8
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) j 0.7/2.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 28.3/71.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 159
Forested area (% of land area) 41.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 62 358/5.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 921.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 751
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.8/20.8
a Market rate. b Excludes rent. c Average of quarterly estimates. d Excludes nationals residing abroad.
e Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable. f Includes nationals residing abroad. g 2006. h
Age group 20 to 49 years. i Sample of all women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. j
Includes the Azores and Madeira Islands.

159
/ 
%
Region Caribbean
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 8 875
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 991
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 449.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) San Juan (2 690)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 69 208 86 464 93 483
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.3 0.6 0.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 18 050.7 21 907.5 23 426.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 11 401.1 14 278.2 15 062.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 14.1 14.4
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 137a
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 106 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 106 98 ...
bc
Unemployment (% of labour force) 10.1 11.3 10.9
c
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 22.3 19.0 19.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 1.9 2.1 1.1
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.8 37.5 38.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 59.6 59.0 58.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) de 3 341 3 686 3 687
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 14 12 13f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 58.4 111.0 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 10.5 23.2 25.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.4/18.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 82.7/74.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 7.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) gh 84.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 98.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –12.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 101
Forested area (% of land area) 46.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 165.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 329
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.3/30.2
a Series linked to former series. b Excludes persons temporarily laid off. c Age group 16 years and over.
d Air arrivals. e Source:'Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico'. f 2006. g Sample of all women of
reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. h Age group 18 to 44 years.

160
>

Region Western Asia
Currency Qatari Rial (QAR)
Surface area (square kms) 11 586
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 841
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 72.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Doha (385)
United Nations membership date 21 September 1971
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 17 760 42 463 63 870
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 9.1 6.1 14.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 28 797.4 53 332.6 75 977.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 28 218.7 51 564.2 72 795.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 33.6 30.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3.64 3.64 3.64
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 121 154
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 109 108 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 109 108 ...
b c
Unemployment (% of labour force) 3.9 ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 38.2c 41.0d 41.6e
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 2.3c 2.7d 3.0e
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.2 40.5 41.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 89.2 91.4 91.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 378 913 964
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 60 825 84 149 99 767e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 46.3 118.6 178.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 4.9 28.2 41.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 42 019.4 Japan 40.6 United States 11.4
Imports 22 004.7 Korea, Republic of 17.5 Italy 10.3
Singapore 11.3 Japan 10.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) g 2.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 21.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 2.8/3.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) g 200.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.4/75.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.7
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 43.2h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 95.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
i
International migrant stock (% of total population) 86.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 90
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.2/104.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) j 67.6/32.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0k
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 27
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 49 816/62.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 21 805.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 75
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.6/32.7
a Official rate. b March. c 2001. d 2004. e 2006. f Arrivals in hotels only. g Includes guest workers. h
1998. i Data refer to foreign citizens. j UNESCO estimate. k 2008.

161
% # ( 
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Leu (MDL)
Surface area (square kms) 33 851
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 794
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 112.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Chisinau (592)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 288 2 988 4 395
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.1 7.5 3.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 310.8 770.9 1 158.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 326.2 875.0 1 298.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.4 24.6 33.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 12.43 12.60 12.14
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –108 –248 –747
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 163 206
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 116 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 119 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 8.5 7.3 5.1
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 13.9 16.0 18.7
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 50.9 40.6 32.8
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.4 46.9 45.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 59.8 50.3 48.0
bc
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 18 23 13
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 5 10 11d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 16.9 48.0 78.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.2 13.1 18.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 341.8 Russian Federation 17.3 Ukraine 18.6
Imports 3 689.9 Romania 15.7 Russian Federation 13.5
Ukraine 12.5 Romania 12.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 18.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 20.2/13.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 91.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.5/65.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 15.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 67.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 41.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 893
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) f 92.7/90.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.4/42.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.8/78.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 27
Forested area (% of land area) 10.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 8 054/2.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 988.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 547
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.6/14.3
a Official rate. b Excludes the left side of the river Nistru and the municipality of Bender. c Visitors who
have benefited from tourism services provided by the tourism agencies and tour operators (titulars of
tourism licences). d 2006. e 2000-2005. f National estimate.

162
%?
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 2 510
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 807
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 321.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Saint-Denis (143)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.09 0.80 0.73
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 110 115
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 102 ...
b
Unemployment (% of labour force) 36.5 29.5 24.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.0 51.5 51.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.9 65.6 65.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 430 409 381
c
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 48 50 50d
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 25.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 13.5/9.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 80.5/72.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4
ef
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 66.6g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 93.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –3.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 20.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 104
Forested area (% of land area) 33.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 275/2.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 943.0
a Market rate. b Second quarter. c UNSD estimates. d 2006. e Age group 20 to 44 years. f Sample of
all women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital status. g 1997.

163
%
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Leu (RON) a
Surface area (square kms) 238 391
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 21 438
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 89.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bucharest (1 942)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 37 025 98 905 161 279
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.2 4.2 6.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 672.5 4 573.1 7 523.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 660.2 4 438.4 7 251.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 23.1 28.5
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.17 2.91 2.44
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 355 –8 621 –23 136
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 232 259
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 125 142
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 89 110 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 89 110 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 7.1 7.2 6.4
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.2 30.3 31.4
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 42.8 32.1 29.5
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.5 47.0 46.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 70.8 61.7 59.9
c
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 264 5 839 7 722
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 25 363 24 129 24 408d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 28.5 82.1 126.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.6 31.5 56.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 40 264.7 Italy 17.2 Germany 17.2
Imports 69 946.2 Germany 17.0 Italy 12.8
France 7.7 Hungary 6.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.9/18.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.7
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.1/69.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 14.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 54.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 180
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 91.1/91.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.4/44.6
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 70.3
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.4/3.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.8/90.2f
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 60
Forested area (% of land area) 27.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 89 076/4.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 628.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 595
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.7/16.5
a Beginning 1 July 2005, 1 new Leu (RON) = 10000 old Leu (ROL). b Principal rate. c Visitors. d 2006.
e Age group 15 to 44 years. f 2008.

164
% !  

Region Eastern Europe
Currency Russian Ruble (RUB)
Surface area (square kms) 17 098 240
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 142 499
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 8.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Moscow (10 452)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 259 718 764 382 1 289 582
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 10.1 6.4 8.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 761.7 5 309.9 9 049.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 716.1 5 177.2 8 789.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.9 17.8 21.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 28.13 28.28 25.58
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 46 839 84 409 76 163
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 200 239
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 130 150
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 113 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 9.8 7.2 6.1
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 28.4 29.8 29.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 14.5 10.2 9.0
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.0 55.6 57.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.0 68.2 69.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 21 169 22 201 22 909
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 968 159 1 188 192 1 210 122d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 24.1 111.6 145.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.0 15.2 21.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 352 266.4 Netherlands 11.9 Germany 13.3
Imports 199 726.0 Italy 6.4 China 12.2
Germany 5.3 Ukraine 6.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.1/13.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 86.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.6/59.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 16.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
e
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.8f
Urban population in 2007 (%) 72.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 249 599
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 86.8/88.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.9/43.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 91.8
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 9.4/32.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.5/88.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 158
Forested area (% of land area) 47.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 503 303/10.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 4 487.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 691
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 1.2/8.9
a Official rate. b Age group 15 to 72 years. c Visitors. d 2006. e Age group 15 to 44 years. f 1999.

165
%
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Rwanda Franc (RWF)
Surface area (square kms) 26 338
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 725
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 369.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kigali (860)
United Nations membership date 18 September 1962
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 749 2 387 3 442
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.3 7.2 6.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 213.9 258.5 353.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 212.8 255.5 351.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 15.7 18.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 389.70 557.82 546.96
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –94 –84 –147
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 138 164
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 121 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 121 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 83.6 81.0 80.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 85.0 79.7 79.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 104 ... ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) c 11 12 10d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 2.7 6.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.6 1.1d
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 183.5 United Kingdom 18.7 Kenya 17.8
Imports 696.9 Kenya 18.7 Uganda 14.0
Belgium 14.0 United Arab Emirates 7.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.5/3.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 47.8/44.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 112.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 17.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 18.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 63 806
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.8
e
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 70.1/68.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) e 39.0/61.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 50.9/49.1f
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 52
Forested area (% of land area) 19.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 605/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 23.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 028
a Official rate. b Kigali. c UNSD estimates. d 2006. e UNESCO estimate. f Based on 2008 data for Lower
House and 2003 data for Upper House or Senate.

166

'

: 
Region Caribbean
Currency E.C. Dollar (XCD)
Surface area (square kms) 261
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 50
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 193.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Basseterre (13)
United Nations membership date 23 September 1983
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 329 438 527
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.3 4.8 3.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 7 148.5 8 912.2 10 447.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 6 494.7 8 216.8 9 731.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.6 45.5 50.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.70 2.70 2.70
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –66 –65 –135
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 60 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 60 ...
b
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 73 141 117
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 57.1 83.0c ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 6.7 30.4 34.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 34.1 United States 86.5 United States 58.8
Imports 271.7 United Kingdom 2.3 Trinidad and Tobago 10.8
Antigua and Barbuda 1.8 Japan 3.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) de 1.3f
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) de 31.0g
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) de 11.6/10.1g
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) de 98.8f
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) e 70.7/68.2h
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) e 24.3i
Urban population in 2007 (%) 32.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 9.6
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 9.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) j 101.6/94.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 6.7/93.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 35
Forested area (% of land area) 14.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 136/2.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 1 051.0
a Official rate. b Air arrivals. c 2004. d De facto estimate. e Data compiled by the United Nations
Demographic Yearbook system. f 2001. g 2000. h 1998. i 1994-1998. j UNESCO estimate. k UNSD
estimates.

167

6
Region Caribbean
Currency E.C. Dollar (XCD)
Surface area (square kms) 539
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 165
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 306.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Castries (14)
United Nations membership date 18 September 1979
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 707 878 958
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.4 5.7 3.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 627.3 5 442.3 5 809.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 333.1 5 085.2 5 438.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 23.3 28.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.70 2.70 2.70
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –95 –150 –320
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 114b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 74 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 74 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 16.4 21.0c ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 20.3 16.1c ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 20.8 14.8c ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 50.6 51.7 51.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.0 78.7 78.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 270 318 287
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 33.3 ... ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 5.2 43.5 66.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 93.7 ... United States 41.6
Imports 616.0 ... Trinidad and Tobago 19.9
... Japan 6.3
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.4/10.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.6/71.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 47.3g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 27.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.9
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 105.4/102.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 84.6/15.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.2/82.8i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 44
Forested area (% of land area) 27.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 370/2.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) j 771.0
k
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 399
k
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.5/30.0
a Official rate. b 2006. c 2004. d Industry excludes mining and quarrying. e Excludes nationals residing
abroad. f Age group 15 to 44 years. g 1988. h UNESCO estimate. i Based on 2006 data for Lower House
and 2007 data for Upper House or Senate. j UNSD estimates. k Vieux-Fort.

168

 

 . 
Region Caribbean
Currency E.C. Dollar (XCD)
Surface area (square kms) 388
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 120
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 310.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kingstown (26)
United Nations membership date 16 September 1980
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 335 445 561
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 1.8 3.7 6.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 890.8 3 736.0 4 660.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 724.7 3 524.5 4 396.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.3 32.7 39.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.70 2.70 2.70
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –24 –99 –149
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 120
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 111 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 111 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 19.6c ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 15.4c ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 48.7 52.3 53.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.3 80.0 80.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 73 96 90
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 2 2e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 24.0 78.3 105.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.1 8.4 47.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 38.1 United Kingdom 25.5 United States 32.7
Imports 271.3 Trinidad and Tobago 14.7 Trinidad and Tobago 25.9
Barbados 13.9 United Kingdom 7.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.5/8.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.8/69.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 23.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.2
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 58.3g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 46.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 7.9
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 8.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.2/94.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.2/81.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 38
Forested area (% of land area) 27.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 191/1.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 662.0
a Official rate. b Saint Vincent. c 2001. d Air arrivals. e 2006. f Age group 15 to 44 years. g 1988. h
UNSD estimates.

169

Region Oceania-Polynesia
Currency Tala (WST)
Surface area (square kms) 2 831
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 187
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 66.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Apia (43)
United Nations membership date 15 December 1976
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 232 425 514
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.1 5.2 4.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 308.4 2 311.4 2 750.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 308.5 2 180.7 2 695.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.2 10.4 9.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3.29 2.71 2.62
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) ... –24 0
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 133 138c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 41.6 40.9 40.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.8 76.3 76.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 88 102 122
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) d 3 3 3c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 6.3 24.3 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.6 3.4 4.5c
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 97.5 Australia 81.3 New Zealand 30.7
Imports 265.6 New Zealand 8.9 Australia 15.7
American Samoa 4.6 United States 12.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.5/6.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 108.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.9/68.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 22.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 22.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.0
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 92.8/88.3
e
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 44.4/55.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.2/91.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 73
Forested area (% of land area) 60.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 150/0.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 303.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 965
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.5/30.2
a Official rate. b Excludes rent. c 2006. d UNSD estimates. e UNESCO estimate.

170
(
Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 61
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 31
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 507.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) San Marino (4)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 774 1 375 1 703
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.2 2.3 4.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 28 719.6 45 522.5 55 054.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 25 129.7 39 924.8 48 284.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 42.9 53.0 52.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) ... 103 108
cd
Unemployment (% of labour force) 2.8 2.1 1.6e
cf g
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 41.2 39.3 37.7
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 0.5g 0.5 0.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) hi 43 50 69
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 128.9 140.7 142.2e
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 48.7 56.3 50.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) jk 0.8e
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) jk 15.0l
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) jk 23.2/19.7l
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) jk 95.4e
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) k 84.0/77.4m
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) kn 3.4o
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) k 1.3l
Urban population in 2007 (%) 94.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 37.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.9/42.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.0/85.0p
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 1
Forested area (% of land area) 1.6
a Market rate. b Index base 2003=100. c December. d Official estimates. e 2006. f Industry refers to
manufacturing and construction only. g 2001. h Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar
establishments. i Includes Italian tourists. j De facto estimate. k Data compiled by the United Nations
Demographic Yearbook system. l 2004. m 2000. n Rate based on 30 or fewer events. o 2002-2006. p
2008.

171
= /#
Region Middle Africa
Currency Dobra (STD)
Surface area (square kms) 964
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 158
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 163.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) São Tomé (58)
United Nations membership date 16 September 1975
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 77 115 144
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.5 5.7 6.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 547.4 750.1 911.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 500.1 712.2 865.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.8 34.1 64.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 7 978.17 10 558.00 13 536.80
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –19 –36 –67
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 109 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 109 ...
b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 19.2 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 27.9 ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 38.2 40.7 42.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 70.3 71.5 70.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 7 16 12c
d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 1 1c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 3.3 12.2 24.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 4.7 13.4 14.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)c (% of exports)c (% of imports)c
Exports 3.9 Portugal 33.3 Portugal 64.7
Imports 71.1 Netherlands 25.6 Angola 20.0
Belgium 15.4 Belgium 4.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 40.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.7/5.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.4/63.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 72.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 29.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 59.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
e
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR f 0
g
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 92.6/93.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 7.3/92.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 66
Forested area (% of land area) 28.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 103/0.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 236.0
a Official rate. b Age group 10 years and over. c 2006. d UNSD estimates. e Data refer to foreign citizens.
f Value is zero, not available or not applicable. g UNESCO estimate.

172
 
Region Western Asia
Currency Saudi Riyal (SAR)
Surface area (square kms) 2 149 690
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 24 735
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 11.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Riyadh (4 465)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 188 442 315 583 377 318
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.9 5.5 3.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 9 056.8 13 365.1 15 254.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 9 099.7 13 480.1 15 338.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 16.5 26.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3.75 3.75 3.75
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 14 317 90 060 99 066b
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 100 107
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 112 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 112 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.6 ... 5.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 19.9 ... 19.8
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 6.1 ... 4.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 16.6 18.4 19.1
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.8 80.2 80.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 6 585 8 037 11 531
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 485 277 575 237 569 645b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 20.2 73.3 130.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.1 12.2 25.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 234 950.8 Japan 26.8 United States 13.6
Imports 90 214.0 United States 17.5 China 9.7
United Arab Emirates 3.6 Germany 8.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) d 2.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 33.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.1/4.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) d 121.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.3/70.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 18.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 31.8e
Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
f
International migrant stock (% of total population) 27.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 311 035
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) g 58.6/41.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 97
Forested area (% of land area) 1.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 381 111/16.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 6 281.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 99
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 19.7/32.9
a Official rate. b 2006. c All cities. d Includes guest workers. e 1996. f Data refer to foreign citizens.
g UNESCO estimate.

173
  
Region Western Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XOF)
Surface area (square kms) 196 722
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 12 379
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 62.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dakar (2 604)
United Nations membership date 28 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 680 8 687 11 244
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.2 5.6 5.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 452.9 738.1 908.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 449.0 733.1 905.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 22.9 28.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –332 –677 –861b
Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 108 116
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 140 144
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 100 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d ... ... 11.1b
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... ... 14.8b
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... ... 33.7b
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 60.8 61.0 61.5
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 88.2 86.8 86.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 389 387 406b
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 36 32b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 4.8 17.1 35.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.4 4.6 6.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 546.3 Mali 24.0 France 22.9
Imports 4 871.4 France 9.5 Nigeria 8.4
India 6.7 Netherlands 7.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 41.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.1/6.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 65.1/61.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 65.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.7
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 11.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 22 959
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.0
f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 49.5/53.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 8.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 29.2/70.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 64
Forested area (% of land area) 45.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 071/0.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 85.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 514
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.7/27.6
a Official rate. b 2006. c Dakar. d Household survey. e Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and
similar establishments. f UNESCO estimate.

174
  
Region Southern Europe
Currency Dinar (RSD)
Surface area (square kms) 88 361
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 858
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 111.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Belgrade (1 099)
United Nations membership date 1 November 2000
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) a 9 034 26 193 40 034
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) a 4.5 6.2 7.5
GDP per capita (current US$) a 1 201.9 3 520.2 5 382.8
a
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 151.6 3 483.5 5 325.3
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) a 12.3 17.3 18.5
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 63.17 66.71 58.45
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 330 392
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100c 107c 117
c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 92 112 ...
c
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 92 112 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d ... 20.8 18.1
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d ... 27.6 29.5
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d ... 23.3 20.8
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) c 51.7 51.9 52.0
c
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.8 66.8 67.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 312f 453 696
c
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 10 596 9 457 9 663g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) ... ... 116.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... ... 15.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 8 824.7 Italy 12.4 Russian Federation 14.2
Imports 18 553.6 Bosnia-Herzegovina 11.8 Germany 11.8
Montenegro 10.8 Italy 9.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 23.8/18.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.3/71.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) c 1.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 41.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 51.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 5.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 326 853
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) h 91.5/89.8
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.3/2.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 21.6/78.4i
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 43
Forested area (% of land area) 26.4
c
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 52 498/5.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 1 472.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 683
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 7.8/16.7
a Excludes Kosovo. b Official rate. c Refers to Serbia and Montenegro. d October. e Arrivals of non-
resident tourists in all types of accommodation establishments. f 2002. g 2006. h UNESCO estimate.
i 2008.

175
 $
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Seychelles Ruppe (SCR)
Surface area (square kms) 455
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 87
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 190.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Victoria (26)
United Nations membership date 21 September 1976
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 618 723 710
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –0.1 1.2 5.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 7 618.7 8 448.5 8 202.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 7 116.5 7 980.0 7 740.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 34.6 11.7 44.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 5.71 5.50 6.70
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –54 –210 –175b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115 122c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 100 ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 130 129 161
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 60.4 99.5 115.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 7.8 26.0 36.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 360.1 Saudi Arabia 26.2 Saudi Arabia 24.9
Imports 859.2 United Kingdom 22.4 Germany 9.6
France 19.5 Singapore 8.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) de 0.5b
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) de 25.0f
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) de 12.3/8.5f
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) de 102.8b
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) e 2.2b
Urban population in 2007 (%) 53.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 12.8
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.5
g
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 121.9/115.5
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 23.5/76.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 155
Forested area (% of land area) 88.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 579/6.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 877.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 172
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.4/29.8
a Official rate. b 2006. c Series linked to former series. d De facto estimate. e Data compiled by the
United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. f 2005. g National estimate.

176
 6 
Region Western Africa
Currency Leone (SLL)
Surface area (square kms) 71 740
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 5 866
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 81.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Freetown (827)
United Nations membership date 27 September 1961
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 921 1 496 1 935
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.8 7.5 6.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 203.7 267.9 329.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 183.4 258.8 322.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.0 8.6 4.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2 092.12 2 889.59 2 985.19
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –112 –171 –238
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 136 166
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 114 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 114 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cdef ... 2.8g ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c ... 6.5g ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c ... 68.5g ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 63.4 65.1 64.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.6 67.3 67.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) h 16 40 32
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 2 2i
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 ... ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 0.2 0.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.2/5.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 44.2/41.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 160.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 5.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 37.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 385
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) j 3.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 87.4/101.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 28.8/71.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 13.2/86.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 94
Forested area (% of land area) 38.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 938/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) k 34.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 946
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.8/29.9
a Market rate. b Freetown. c December. d Population census. e Refers to the usually active population.
f Age group 10 years and over. g 2004. h Air arrivals. i 2006. j UNESCO estimate. k UNSD estimates.

177
#
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Singaporean Dollar (SGD)
Surface area (square kms) 699
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 436
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 6 343.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Singapore (4 436)
United Nations membership date 21 September 1965
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 92 717 119 788 161 349
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 10.1 7.3 7.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 23 078.7 27 680.8 36 370.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 22 893.9 25 171.8 35 083.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 21.6 24.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.72 1.66 1.51
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 10 728 28 569 36 326b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 103 106
Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 123 144
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 68 116 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 68 116 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) de 3.8f 5.8g 4.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) dh 33.8 24.0g 22.6
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 0.0 0.8gi 1.1i
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.3 53.5 53.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.7 77.3 76.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 6 062 7 079 7 957
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 116.8 143.2 168.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 32.4 61.0 70.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 299 297.4 Malaysia 12.9 Malaysia 13.1
Imports 263 154.9 China, Hong Kong SAR 10.5 United States 12.4
Indonesia 9.8 China 12.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 16.9/14.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.9/78.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
j
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 62.0k
Urban population in 2007 (%) 100.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 39.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 34
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 80.9/85.1l
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) m 360.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 24.5/75.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 267
Forested area (% of land area) 3.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 56 275/13.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 240.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 150
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.9/30.9
a Market rate. b 2006. c Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. d June. e Citizens and
permanent residents. f 2001. g 2004. h Industry refers to manufacturing and construction only. i Agri-
culture includes mining and quarrying, electricity, gas and water supply and not classifiable by economic
activity. j Age group 15 to 44 years. k 1997. l 1991. m World Association of Newspapers.

178
 
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR) a
Surface area (square kms) 49 033
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 5 390
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 109.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bratislava (425)
United Nations membership date 19 January 1993
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 20 448 47 428 73 852
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.7 6.0 8.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 3 795.4 8 804.2 13 701.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 3 783.1 8 579.5 13 283.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 26.9 25.9
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –694 –4 005 –4 103
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 133 143
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 128 159
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 91 105 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 91 106 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 18.6 16.2 11.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 37.3de 38.8d 39.4c
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 6.7de 4.7d 4.2c
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.7 51.3 51.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.2 68.6 68.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) f 1 053 1 515 1 685
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 133 2 930 2 910g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 54.5 106.2 133.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 9.4 35.3 43.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 57 801.8 Germany 21.5 Germany 19.9
Imports 57 754.0 Czech Republic 12.4 Czech Republic 11.5
France 6.8 Russian Federation 9.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.7/15.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 78.5/70.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 56.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 774
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 95.9/95.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.7/42.3
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 125.7
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.1/2.3h
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.3/80.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 39
Forested area (% of land area) 40.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 36 640/6.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 747.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 557
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.7/15.2
a Beginning 1 January 2009, the Slovak Koruna (SKK) was replaced by the euro (1 EUR=SKK 30.126).
b Market rate. c Excludes persons on child-care leave. d Average of quarterly estimates. e Excludes
women on child-care leave. f Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accommodation estab-
lishments. g 2006. h Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

179
  
Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR) a
Surface area (square kms) 20 256
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 002
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 98.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ljubljana (244)
United Nations membership date 22 May 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 19 603 35 122 45 908
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.1 4.2 6.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 9 882.4 17 566.2 22 936.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 9 893.2 17 414.7 22 456.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.3 25.5 28.7
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –548 –681 –2 293
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 131 139
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 117 131
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d 7.2 5.8 4.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 37.4 37.2 34.2
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 9.5 8.8 10.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.9 52.4 52.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 64.7 65.4 65.3
e
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 090 1 555 1 751
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 720 1 794 1 778f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 100.6 130.9 139.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 15.1 55.4 65.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 26 523.5 Germany 18.9 Germany 19.4
Imports 29 446.2 Italy 13.3 Italy 18.3
Croatia 8.0 Austria 12.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.8/19.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 95.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.5/74.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.3
g
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 73.8h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 48.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) 8.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 408
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.9/97.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 58.4/41.6
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 172.8
j
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) </0.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 10.0/90.0k
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 77
Forested area (% of land area) 62.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 14 847/7.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 758.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 368
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 5.9/15.0
a Beginning 1 January 2007, the Slovenian tolar (SIT) was replaced by the euro (1 EUR=SIT 239.64). b
Market rate. c Urban areas. d Second quarter. e Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accom-
modation establishments. f 2006. g Age group 15 to 44 years. h 1994/95. i World Association of
Newspapers. j Rate based on 30 or fewer events. k Based on 2008 data for Lower House and 2007 data
for Upper House or Senate.
180
  
Region Oceania-Melanesia
Currency S.I. Dollar (SBD)
Surface area (square kms) 28 896
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 496
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 17.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Honiara (66)
United Nations membership date 19 September 1978
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 338 374 485
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –14.2 5.0 6.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 814.1 792.2 977.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 811.9 792.7 970.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 19.1 19.0
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 5.09 7.53 7.65
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –41 –90 –97b
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 149 161b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 105 119 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 105 119 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 56.2 54.5 54.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.9 81.4 80.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 5 9d 14
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.1 2.8 3.0b
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 0.8 1.6b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 158.5 China 46.6 Australia 31.2
Imports 285.0 Thailand 7.2 Singapore 27.1
Philippines 7.1 Japan 8.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.3/5.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 107.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 64.5/62.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 54.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 17.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.3
e
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.3f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 62.9/67.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 10.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 211
Forested area (% of land area) 77.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 176/0.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 123.0
i
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 3 290
i
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.2/30.1
a Official rate. b 2006. c Honiara. d Without 1st quarter. e UNESCO estimate. f 1999. g World Association
of Newspapers. h UNSD estimates. i Auki.

181
 
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Somali Shilling (SOS)
Surface area (square kms) 637 657
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 8 699
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 13.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Mogadishu (1 100)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 2 071 2 316 2 533
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.5 2.4 2.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 293.5 282.5 291.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 284.0 273.4 281.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 20.3 20.3
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 10 460.00 15 141.00 14 406.00
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 53.1 53.9 54.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 88.6 88.3 88.5
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.5 7.3 8.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 1.1 1.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.8/4.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 49.4/46.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 116.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.0
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 14.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) b 0.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 011 824
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.2/91.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 123
Forested area (% of land area) 11.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 590/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 21.0
a Refers to the United Nations Operational Rates of Exchange for 31 December of the respective year.
b Estimates. c UNSD estimates.

182


Region Southern Africa
Currency Rand (ZAR)
Surface area (square kms) 1 221 037
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 48 577
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 39.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Johannesburg (3 435)
United Nations membership date 7 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 132 878 242 332 283 008
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.2 5.0 5.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 926.9 5 055.0 5 826.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 857.0 4 952.0 5 643.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 16.9 20.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 6.94 6.36 7.05
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –191 –9 723 –20 631
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 128 144
Industrial production index (2000=100) b 100 114 120
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 110 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 105 111 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 25.4 26.7 23.0
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 24.2 25.6 26.0
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 15.6 7.5 8.8
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 45.4 46.5 47.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 61.5 60.3 60.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 5 872 7 369 9 091
f
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 128 191 135 154 135 000g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 29.2 81.6 96.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 5.3 7.6 8.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 64 026.6 United States 11.8 Germany 11.7
Imports 79 872.6 Japan 11.0 China 10.7
Germany 8.0 United States 7.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 31.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.3/6.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 49.7/48.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 44.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.6
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 60.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 60.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR h 207 601
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 101.1/101.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.1/44.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 29.6
i
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.9/66.1
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 398
Forested area (% of land area) 7.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 408 793/8.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) f 2 257.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 713
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.1/21.9
a Principal rate. b Derived by the UNSD from component national indices. c September. d Age group
15 to 65 years. e Excludes arrivals by work and contract workers. f Southern Africa Customs Union:
Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. g 2006. h Asylum-seekers (pending cases)
refers to 89,000 undecided cases at first instance (at the end of 2007) and 82,000 in the backlog
procedure (at the end of 2006; no update available). i Figures on distribution of seats do not include the
36 special rotating delegates appointed on ad hoc basis, therefore all percentages given are calculated
based on 54 permanent seats.
183
#
Region Southern Europe
Currency Euro (EUR)
Surface area (square kms) 505 992
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 44 279
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 87.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Madrid (5 567)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 580 673 1 129 744 1 436 893
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.1 3.6 3.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 14 434.0 26 032.5 32 450.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 14 312.5 25 667.3 31 617.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 29.4 31.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.09 0.80 0.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –23 185 –83 388 –145 355
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) ... 114 121
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 102 109
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 96 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 96 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 13.9 9.2d 8.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 31.2 29.9 29.3
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 6.7 5.3 4.5
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.9 45.8 47.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.4 68.1 68.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 47 898 55 914 59 193
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 16 921 15 669 16 154e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 102.2 145.6 152.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 13.5 40.4 44.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 253 753.9 France 18.8 Germany 15.3
Imports 391 236.9 Germany 10.8 France 12.3
Italy 8.9 Italy 8.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 14.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.9/22.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 84.2/77.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 65.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 77.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 14.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 5 167
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 113.5/110.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 53.9/46.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) f 144.5
g
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) </1.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.6/66.4h
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 218
Forested area (% of land area) 35.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 343 702/7.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 804.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 436
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 9.7/19.5
a Market rate. b Index base 2001=100. c Age group 16 years and over. d Methodology revised, data
not strictly comparable. e 2006. f World Association of Newspapers. g Includes the Balearic and Canary
Islands, and Alhucemas, Ceuta, Chafarinas, Melilla and Penon de Vélez de la Gomera. h 2008.

184
6
Region South-central Asia
Currency Sri Lanka Rupee (LKR)
Surface area (square kms) 65 610
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 19 299
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 294.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Colombo (656)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1955
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 16 717 24 272 32 347
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.1 6.2 6.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 893.3 1 269.4 1 676.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 877.3 1 253.6 1 657.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 23.5 24.7
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 77.01 100.50 110.62
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –1 044 –743 –1 465
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 160 213
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 107 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 8.0cd 7.2e 6.0e
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 44.7fg 25.2e 26.6e
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 24.2fg 30.3e 31.3e
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 38.4 40.8 42.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.9 75.2 75.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) h 400 549 494
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 275 297 399i
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 6.5 22.2 55.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 1.7 4.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)j (% of exports)j (% of imports)j
Exports 6 159.9 United States 32.2 India 17.3
Imports 8 307.1 United Kingdom 12.6 Singapore 8.9
India 9.1 China, Hong Kong SAR 7.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.8/11.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 97.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.2/68.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 15.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
k
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 620 547
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.2l
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) m 95.5/92.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) n 26.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 5.8/94.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 534
Forested area (% of land area) 29.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 018/0.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 198.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 524
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.1/30.6
a Market rate. b Colombo. c Fourth quarter. d Excludes Northern province. e Excludes Northern and
Eastern provinces. f 2001. g Age group 10 years and over. h Excludes nationals residing abroad. i 2006.
j 2005. k Data refer to foreign citizens. l 1991. m UNESCO estimate. n World Association of Newspapers.

185

Region Northern Africa
Currency Sudanese Pound (SDG) a
Surface area (square kms) 2 505 813
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 38 560
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 15.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Khartoum (4 754)
United Nations membership date 12 November 1956
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 13 134 33 153 55 648
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.4 8.7 10.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 393.8 898.5 1 443.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 376.7 917.0 1 408.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.1 18.9 19.0
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 2.57 2.44 2.02
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –557 –3 013 –3 447
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 117 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 97 116 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 29.6 30.4 31.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.7 72.1 71.6
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 38 246c 328cd
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 8 959 15 357 16 668d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.3 6.8 20.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 1.4 3.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 5 478.7 ... China 16.4
Imports 9 853.6 ... Saudi Arabia 14.5
... Japan 7.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 39.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.6/5.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.1/57.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 64.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 7.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 42.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 695 573
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.0e
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 49.4/55.4
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) f 47.2/52.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.8/83.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 105
Forested area (% of land area) 28.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 10 618/0.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 108.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 162
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.7/37.1
a Beginning 1 July 2007, 1 (new) Sudanese Pound (SDG) = 100 dinar (SDD). b Principal rate. c Includes
nationals residing abroad. d 2006. e 1991. f UNESCO estimate.

186

Region South America
Currency Surinamese Dollar (SRD)
Surface area (square kms) 163 820
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 458
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 2.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Paramaribo (252)
United Nations membership date 4 December 1975
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 775 1 543 2 044
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.0 5.8 5.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 774.9 3 410.5 4 463.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 913.1 3 786.8 4 999.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 68.7 83.9 86.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.32 2.73 0.00
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 32 –144 185
bc
Consumer price index (2000=100) ... 171 ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 94 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 94 107 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d ... 23.0e ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d ... 8.0e ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 35.5 37.3 37.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 64.3 64.9 65.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 57f 160 163
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 664 708 731g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 26.8 69.9 88.8g
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.7 7.1 9.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 359.1 ... United States 31.8
Imports 1 044.3 ... Netherlands 20.3
... Trinidad and Tobago 18.0
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 28.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.2/8.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.6/67.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 27.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 42.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 74.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8
h
International migrant stock (% of total population) 7.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 104.7/91.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 62.0/38.0
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 80.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.5/74.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 59
Forested area (% of land area) 94.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 374/5.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 416.0
a Market rate. b Index base 2001=100. c Paramaribo. d August. e 2004. f Arrivals at Zanderij airport.
g 2006. h Data refer to foreign citizens.

187
 
Region Southern Africa
Currency Lilangeni (SZL)
Surface area (square kms) 17 364
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 141
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 65.7
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Mbabane (78)
United Nations membership date 24 September 1968
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 388 2 557 2 876
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.1 2.3 2.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 311.3 2 273.7 2 520.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 374.0 2 291.1 2 526.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 23.4 25.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 6.94 6.36 7.05
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –46 86 98b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 140 ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 102 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 105 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 64.2 62.5 62.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.3 69.7 68.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 281d 839 870
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 6.4 22.8 28.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 1.0 4.0 4.1b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 082.3 South Africa 45.2 South Africa 92.9
Imports 1 164.2 Botswana 31.6 Namibia 2.2
United Kingdom 14.2 Lesotho 1.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 38.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.2/4.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 39.4/39.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 71.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 46.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 24.6
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 041
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 78.7/83.2
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 49.8/50.2
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 24.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 22.1/77.9e
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 25
Forested area (% of land area) 31.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 956/0.9
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 442
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.4/22.5
a Official rate. b 2006. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. d Arrivals
in hotels only. e 2008.

188
  
Region Northern Europe
Currency Swedish Krona (SEK)
Surface area (square kms) 450 295
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 9 119
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 20.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Stockholm (1 264)
United Nations membership date 19 November 1946
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 245 572 366 009 454 792
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.4 3.3 2.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 27 692.9 40 496.5 49 873.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 27 455.0 40 435.4 50 895.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.6 17.4 18.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 9.16 7.47 6.76
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 6 617 25 230 28 413b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 108 111
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 109 116
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 99 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 4.7c 6.0cd 6.1e
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 24.6f 22.0f 21.6
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 2.4f 2.0f 2.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.1 60.4 60.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 68.3 69.2 68.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) g 2 746 3 133 3 434
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 11 884 12 982 11 605b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 136.5 163.0 174.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 45.6 76.2 76.8
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 169 251.8 Germany 10.4 Germany 18.4
Imports 151 430.9 Norway 9.4 Denmark 9.2
United States 7.6 Norway 8.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 31.1/25.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 83.0/78.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 3.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8
h
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 75.2i
Urban population in 2007 (%) 84.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<
International migrant stock (% of total population) 14.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 108 372
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.1
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.3/99.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 59.6/40.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) j 480.6
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.7/1.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 47.0/53.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 32
Forested area (% of land area) 66.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 48 511/5.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 006.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 539
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 3.6/10.0
a Official rate. b 2006. c Age group 16 to 64 years. d Methodology revised, data not strictly comparable.
e Age group 15 to 74 years. f Average of monthly estimates. g Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all
types of accommodation establishments. h Age group 18 to 44 years. i 1996. j World Association of
Newspapers.

189

  
Region Western Europe
Currency Swiss Franc (CHF)
Surface area (square kms) 41 284
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 7 484
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 181.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Zurich (1 108)
United Nations membership date 10 September 2002
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 249 912 372 375 423 434
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.6 2.4 3.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 34 407.9 50 155.7 56 578.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 36 936.6 54 877.0 60 861.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 21.7 21.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.69 1.25 1.20
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 32 830 51 322 58 017
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 104 106
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 101 119
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 100 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 100 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 2.7 4.4 3.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 25.7 23.7 22.9
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 4.5 3.8 4.0
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 58.3 59.6 59.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 78.3 75.1 74.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 7 821 7 229 8 448
d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 5 589 4 887 5 261e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 137.0 160.7 175.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 29.1 50.9 61.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)d (% of exports)d (% of imports)d
Exports 172 078.1 Germany 20.3 Germany 32.6
Imports 161 180.2 United States 9.7 Italy 10.7
Italy 8.8 France 9.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 15.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.6/22.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 84.2/79.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 82.0g
Urban population in 2007 (%) 73.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 23.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 56 478
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.8
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.3/96.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 46.9/53.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) h 420.0
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 0.8/0.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 27.2/72.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 48
Forested area (% of land area) 30.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 41 165/5.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) d 2 638.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 086
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.9/12.7
a Official rate. b Second quarter. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.
d Includes Liechtenstein. e 2006. f Age group 20 to 49 years. g 1994/95. h World Association of
Newspapers.

190
$ % # 
Region Western Asia
Currency Syrian Pound (SYP)
Surface area (square kms) 185 180
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 19 929
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 107.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Aleppo (2 738)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 19 651 28 102 37 525
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 0.6 4.5 3.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 190.2 1 487.4 1 883.0
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 081.5 1 360.6 1 730.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 24.1 23.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 11.22 11.22 11.22
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 061 295 890b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 122 134b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 118 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 120 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 11.2d 10.3ef ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 26.1 25.6e ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 32.9 27.0e ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 18.4 20.1 20.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.1 78.8 78.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 801d 3 368 4 566
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 34 023 28 030 26 839b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 10.5 30.7 50.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 5.7 17.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 11 545.7 Italy 23.7 Russian Federation 9.8
Imports 14 655.1 France 11.5 China 8.0
Saudi Arabia 10.6 Italy 6.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 35.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.7/4.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.1/72.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 16.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 58.3
Urban population in 2007 (%) 53.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
g
International migrant stock (% of total population) 9.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR h 1 809 677
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9i
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 86.4/90.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.4/87.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 68
Forested area (% of land area) 2.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 68 429/3.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 969.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 329
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.9/23.8
a Principal rate. b 2006. c September. d 2001. e 2003. f Methodology revised, data not strictly compa-
rable. g Data refer to foreign citizens. h Refugee figures for Iraqis in the Syrian Arab Republic are
Government estimates. i 1991.

191
=

Region South-central Asia
Currency Somoni (TJS) a
Surface area (square kms) 143 100
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 6 736
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 47.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dushanbe (553)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 861 2 312 3 738
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 8.3 6.7 7.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 139.4 353.0 554.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 171.5 451.3 701.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 7.4 11.1 12.3
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.83 3.12 3.44
c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –15 –19 –495
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 154 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 158 ...
d
Unemployment (% of labour force) 2.7 2.0 2.5
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e ... 17.9f ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e ... 55.5f ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.3 52.4 56.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 53.8 61.2 67.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 4 ... ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 260 1 565 1 541g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 3.6 8.4 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.0 0.3 ...
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.2/5.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 69.4/64.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 60.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 33.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 26.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 526
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.4
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 83.2/94.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 26.8/73.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.6/80.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 42
Forested area (% of land area) 2.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 236/0.8
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 517.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 653
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.1/22.0
a Prior to November 2000, Ruble. b Official rate. c 2002. d Employment office records. e Age group not
specified. f 2004. g 2006.

192
= 
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Baht (THB)
Surface area (square kms) 513 120
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 63 884
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 124.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Bangkok (6 704)
United Nations membership date 16 December 1946
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 122 725 176 420 245 351
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.8 4.5 4.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 023.0 2 800.2 3 840.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 991.4 2 664.4 3 718.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 28.9 26.8
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 40.11 40.22 34.52
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 9 313 –7 647 14 921
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 120
b
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 156 181
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 104 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 2.4d 1.4 1.2
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 17.9 20.2c 20.7c
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 48.5 42.6c 41.7c
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 66.6 66.7 65.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 81.2 80.9 80.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 9 579e 11 567e 14 464
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 30 885 39 556 40 128f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 14.1 59.4 91.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.7 15.4 21.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 153 571.1 United States 12.6 Japan 20.9
Imports 143 761.4 Japan 11.8 China 11.8
China 9.7 United States 6.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 14.9/12.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 94.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 75.0/66.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 11.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 71.5
Urban population in 2007 (%) 32.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 139 127
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 94.2/90.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.0/49.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.7/87.3g
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 443
Forested area (% of land area) 28.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 270 894/4.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 237.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 498
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 24.1/32.7
a Official rate. b Manufacturing. c Third quarter. d Age group 13 years and over. e Includes nationals
residing abroad. f 2006. g Based on 2007 data for Lower House and 2008 data for Upper House or
Senate.

193
=  @ % # ( 
Region Southern Europe
Currency Denar (MKD)
Surface area (square kms) 25 713
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 2 038
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 79.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Skopje (480)
United Nations membership date 8 April 1993
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 587 5 816 7 549
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.6 4.1 5.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 785.2 2 859.7 3 703.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 762.5 2 803.9 3 668.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 17.1 19.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 65.90 49.28 44.73
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –72 –81 –24b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 109 115
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 93 100
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 103 104 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 103 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 30.5cd 37.3 34.9
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 33.3de 32.3 31.3
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 23.9de 19.5 18.2
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 40.9 42.1 41.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 65.3 63.9 65.7
f
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 224 197 230
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 2 126 1 983 1 931b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 31.0 88.3 97.2
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.5 7.9 20.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 3 356.2 Serbia 19.1 Russian Federation 12.3
Imports 5 227.6 Germany 14.4 Germany 10.0
Greece 12.5 Serbia 8.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 17.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 20.1/15.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 77.0/72.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 15.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.4
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 13.5
Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.8
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 6.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 2 397
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 87.6/88.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 56.7/43.3
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 88.8
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 1.6/4.9g
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 31.7/68.3h
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 36
Forested area (% of land area) 35.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 10 270/5.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 545.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 504
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 6.0/18.2
a Market rate. b 2006. c 2001. d April. e 2002. f Arrivals of non-resident tourists in all types of accom-
modation establishments. g Rate based on 30 or fewer events. h 2008.

194
=16

Region South-eastern Asia
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 14 874
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 155
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 77.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dili (159)
United Nations membership date 27 September 2002
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 316 350 453
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 13.7 2.3 16.2
GDP per capita (current US$) 386.3 327.8 392.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 394.9 650.9 1 404.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.7 20.7 28.1
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 113 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 114 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.8 56.1 57.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.3 82.0 83.1
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) ... 7 394 7 407a
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) ... 3.7 7.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) ... 0.1 0.1a
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)b (% of exports)b (% of imports)b
Exports 43.5 Australia 53.6 Indonesia 47.0
Imports 101.6 United States 23.9 Singapore 14.6
Germany 3.9 Australia 13.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.2/4.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 103.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 61.7/60.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 66.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 10.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 26.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 5.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.2
c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 72 595
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 76.8/81.1
d
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 52.9/47.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 29.2/70.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 15
Forested area (% of land area) 53.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 176/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) e 55.0
a 2006. b 2005. c UNHCR's assistance activities for internally displaced persons in Timor-Leste ended
in July 2007. d National estimate. e UNSD estimates.

195
=
Region Western Africa
Currency CFA Franc (XOF)
Surface area (square kms) 56 785
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 6 585
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 116.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lomé (1 452)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1960
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 294 2 082 2 541
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.0 1.2 2.9
GDP per capita (current US$) 239.5 333.7 385.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 243.5 339.3 376.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 16.7 17.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 711.98 527.47 479.27
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –140 –461 –340b
Consumer price index (2000=100) c 100 114 117
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 97 117 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 112 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 52.4 52.1 51.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.3 86.7 86.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 60 81 86
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 17 6 8b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.0 9.7 19.6
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.2 5.9 5.1b
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 280.0 Niger 12.7 France 19.2
Imports 787.1 Benin 10.9 China 15.8
India 9.8 Netherlands 11.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 42.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.7/4.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 60.1/56.7
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 88.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 4.8
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 16.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 41.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.7
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 858
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 59.4/80.8
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) e 16.9/83.1
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 1.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 11.1/88.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 44
Forested area (% of land area) 7.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 1 345/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 61.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 877
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.1/30.7
a Official rate. b 2006. c Lomé. d Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments.
e UNESCO estimate.

196
=
Region Oceania-Polynesia
Currency Pa'anga (TOP)
Surface area (square kms) 747
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 100
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 134.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Nuku'alofa (25)
United Nations membership date 14 September 1999
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 155 218 248
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 –2.2 –3.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 580.2 2 189.9 2 470.5
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 576.9 2 144.4 2 650.6
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 17.7 18.1
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.76 1.94 1.97
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 0 –14 –15b
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 160 181
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 103 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ... 5.2d ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 30.6d ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 31.8d ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.2 51.7 52.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 73.5 72.5 70.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 35 42 39b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 10.0 43.6 67.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.4 3.0 8.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 8.0 New Zealand 33.8 New Zealand 33.7
Imports 142.6 United States 31.3 Singapore 21.3
Japan 13.8 Australia 11.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 36.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 11.5/8.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 104.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.3/72.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 18.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 24.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.8
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 103.1/103.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) f 59.8/40.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) g 3.1/96.9h
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 56
Forested area (% of land area) 5.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 117/1.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) i 437.0
a Official rate. b 2006. c Excludes rent. d 2003. e Air arrivals. f UNESCO estimate. g No women were
elected in 2008, however one woman was appointed to the Cabinet. As cabinet ministers also sit in
parliament, there is one woman out of a total of 32 members. h 2008. i UNSD estimates.

197
== 
Region Caribbean
Currency T.T. Dollar (TTD)
Surface area (square kms) 5 130
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 1 333
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 259.9
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port of Spain (54)
United Nations membership date 18 September 1962
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 8 154 15 090 20 608
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.9 8.0 5.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 6 270.0 11 399.3 15 456.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 788.2 10 980.5 15 049.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.6 15.2 23.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 6.30 6.30 6.33
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 544 3 594 ...
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 126 148
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 164 179b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 114 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 114 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 12.2 8.0 ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 28.0 31.0 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 7.2 4.3 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 47.4 54.4 55.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 76.3 76.4 77.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 399 463 486
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 19 106 33 934 39 884b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 37.0 86.0 99.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 7.7 12.5 32.3
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 13 396.2 United States 57.7 United States 25.1
Imports 7 662.8 Jamaica 4.6 Brazil 10.6
Spain 4.0 Colombia 8.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 20.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 12.5/10.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.6
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 71.8/67.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.4
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.6
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 38.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 12.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –<
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.6
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.2
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) d 86.1/85.6
d
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 55.6/44.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 149.1
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 3.3/24.7e
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 33.3/66.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 48
Forested area (% of land area) 44.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 32 657/24.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 11 274.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 408
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 22.0/31.9
a Official rate. b 2006. c Air arrivals. d UNESCO estimate. e Rate based on 30 or fewer events.

198
= 
Region Northern Africa
Currency Tunisian Dinar (TND)
Surface area (square kms) 163 610
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 10 327
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 63.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tunis (745)
United Nations membership date 12 November 1956
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 19 444 29 029 35 010
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.7 4.0 6.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 033.1 2 872.9 3 390.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 937.2 2 711.8 3 195.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.0 22.3 23.6
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1.37 1.30 1.28
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –821 –299 –904
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 114 123
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 111 125
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 109 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 109 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 15.7b 14.2 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 24.2 25.6 25.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 72.5 70.6 70.9
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 5 058 6 378 6 550d
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 5 559 5 598 5 628d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 11.2 68.8 88.3
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.7 9.5 16.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 15 165.4 France 32.2 France 21.4
Imports 19 099.4 Italy 23.3 Italy 19.5
Germany 8.2 Germany 7.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.1
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 24.0
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.5/8.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.0/71.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.9
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 62.6
Urban population in 2007 (%) 66.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.1
e
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 156
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 7.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.4/92.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.5/42.5
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 22.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.9/80.1f
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 54
Forested area (% of land area) 6.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 21 977/2.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 736.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 466
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 13.3/23.5
a Market rate. b Figures revised based on the 2004 census. c Excludes nationals residing abroad. d
2006. e Data refer to foreign citizens. f Based on 2004 data for Lower House and 2008 data for Upper
House or Senate.

199
= $
Region Western Asia/Southern Europe
Currency Turkish Lira (new) (TRY) a
Surface area (square kms) 783 562
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 74 877
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 95.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Istanbul (10 061)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 199 264 362 614 487 552
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 7.4 7.4 5.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 2 923.5 4 969.4 6 511.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 2 947.3 4 961.2 6 493.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 19.6 22.2
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.63 1.34 1.30
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –9 920 –22 137 –37 575
c
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 329 393
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 126 140
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 104 105 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 104 107 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.5d 10.3 9.9
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e 24.0 24.7 25.5
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e 36.0 29.5 26.4
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 26.6 24.8 24.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.0 72.5 70.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 9 586 20 273 22 248
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 19 752 19 151 20 727f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 50.6 85.5 107.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.7 15.3 17.7f
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 107 271.7 Germany 11.2 Russian Federation 13.8
Imports 170 062.7 United Kingdom 8.0 Germany 10.3
Italy 7.0 China 7.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 26.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 10.2/8.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 101.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 74.3/69.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 27.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 71.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 68.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 12 615
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 4.0
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 82.6/91.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 42.4/57.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 9.1/90.9
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 131
Forested area (% of land area) 13.2
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 247 873/3.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 1 180.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 678
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.3/18.4
a Beginning January 2005, 1 new Turkish Lira (TRY)=1 million old Turkish lira (TRL). b Market rate. c
Series linked to former series. d Estimates based on the 2000 census results. e Average of quarterly
estimates. f 2006. g UNESCO estimate.

200
= 

Region South-central Asia
Currency Turkmen Manat (TMM)
Surface area (square kms) 488 100
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 965
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 10.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ashgabat (744)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 4 157 5 792 7 253
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.5 9.6 8.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 923.2 1 198.3 1 460.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 866.9 1 115.0 1 373.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 37.4 29.6 27.5
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 5 200.00 ... ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 133 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 144 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.4 59.0 59.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 71.6 70.6 70.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 3 12 8
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 50 232 66 862 67 359b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 8.3 10.4 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 1.0 1.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 8.1/5.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.8
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 67.5/59.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 74.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 61.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 48.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 8 641
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.9c
d
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 9.4
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.0/84.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 45
Forested area (% of land area) 8.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 41 634/8.6
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 796.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 227
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 10.4/23.2
a Official rate. b 2006. c 1991. d World Association of Newspapers.

201
= 
Region Oceania-Polynesia
Currency Australian Dollar (AUD)
Surface area (square kms) 26
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 11
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 405.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Funafuti (5)
United Nations membership date 5 September 2000
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 12 25 30
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –12.8 4.0 3.0
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 204.0 2 395.1 2 810.9
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 204.0 2 395.1 2 810.9
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 54.5 55.9 55.8
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 1.72 1.31 1.20
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 117 119c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 111 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 111 ...
d e
Unemployment (% of labour force) 6.5 ... ...
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 1 1
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 7.0f 20.9 29.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 5.3 23.8 37.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)c (% of exports)c (% of imports)c
Exports 0.1 ... Australia 22.0
Imports 12.7 ... Fiji 18.9
... Singapore 18.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) ghi 0.4e
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) ghi 97.9e
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) j 65.1/61.7k
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) jl 35.0k
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) j 3.7m
Urban population in 2007 (%) 49.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.5
International migrant stock (% of total population) n 1.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) o 96.8/92.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.0/100.0
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 83
Forested area (% of land area) 33.3
a Official rate. b Funafuti. c 2006. d Population census. e 2002. f Does not include cellulars. g De facto
population count. h Data compiled by the United Nations Demographic Yearbook system. i Refers to
the latest available census. j Published by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. k 1997-2002. l Rate
based on 30 or fewer events. m 2000-2003. n Data refer to foreign citizens. o National estimate.

202
A
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Ugandan Shilling (UGX)
Surface area (square kms) 241 038
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 30 884
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 128.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kampala (1 420)
United Nations membership date 25 October 1962
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 734 9 136 12 436
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.4 5.5 6.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 232.2 315.6 402.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 228.0 309.6 395.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 22.7 25.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 1 644.48 1 780.67 1 723.49
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –825 –414 –745
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 124 142b
c
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 146 150d
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 109 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 109 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) e ... 3.2f ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e ... 7.8f ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e ... 68.7f ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 81.3 81.4 81.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 90.9 90.4 90.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 193 468 642
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 136 158 107d
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.8 4.9 14.1
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 1.7 6.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 1 336.7 United Arab Emirates 13.3 Kenya 13.5
Imports 3 493.4 Sudan 11.8 United Arab Emirates 12.0
Kenya 8.8 India 9.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.2
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 48.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.5/3.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 52.2/50.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 76.9
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 6.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 23.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 12.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR g 2 049 733
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) h 5.2
h
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 76.8/78.6
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 38.4/61.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 30.7/69.3
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 159
Forested area (% of land area) 18.4
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 308/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 30.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 180
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 17.3/26.7
a Principal rate. b Series linked to former series. c Manufacturing. d 2006. e Age group 10 years and
over. f 2003. g The internally displaced persons figure at the end of 2007 represents the remaining
internally displaced persons population in camps and transit sites. h UNESCO estimate.

203
A
Region Eastern Europe
Currency Hryvnia (UAH)
Surface area (square kms) 603 700
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 46 205
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 76.5
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Kiev (2 709)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 31 262 86 142 141 177
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.9 2.7 7.6
GDP per capita (current US$) 639.9 1 836.0 3 055.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 620.6 1 815.1 3 017.4
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 22.0 27.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 5.44 5.12 5.05
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 481 2 531 –5 927
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 147 181
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 161 187
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 118 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 118 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 11.6 7.2 6.4
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 20.8d 24.2 23.9
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 23.4d 19.4 16.7
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 50.5 51.7 52.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 64.0 65.0 64.8
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 6 431 17 631 18 900e
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 60 326 63 791 65 053e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 22.9 89.7 147.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.7 17.2 21.6
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 49 294.4 Russian Federation 25.7 Russian Federation 27.8
Imports 60 600.6 Turkey 7.4 Germany 9.6
Italy 5.4 Turkmenistan 7.8
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 13.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.0/17.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 85.4
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 73.8/62.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 12.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 67.5f
Urban population in 2007 (%) 67.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.0
International migrant stock (% of total population) 11.6
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 67 283
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 6.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) g 95.3/96.6
g
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 54.2/45.8
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 131.0
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 6.2/15.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 8.2/91.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 60
Forested area (% of land area) 16.5
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 327 129/7.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 656.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 648
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 4.3/11.9
a Official rate. b Age group 15 to 70 years. c Age group not specified. d Excludes self-employed workers.
e 2006. f 1999. g National estimate.

204
A
 +

Region Western Asia
Currency UAE Dirham (AED)
Surface area (square kms) 83 600
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 4 380
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 52.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dubai (1 379)
United Nations membership date 9 December 1971
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 70 522 133 583 191 466
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 12.3 8.2 7.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 21 717.6 32 547.1 43 709.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 21 772.7 30 552.7 41 030.8
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 19.1 19.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3.67 3.67 3.67
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 139 66 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 139 66 ...
b
Unemployment (% of labour force) 2.3 ... ...
c
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 33.4 39.8 ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 7.9c 4.9 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 34.6 39.1 40.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 92.1 92.6 92.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) de 3 907 7 126 ...
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 164 557 178 003 188 485f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 75.4 128.4 205.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 23.6 29.4 52.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)f (% of exports)f (% of imports)f
Exports 142 505.0 Japan 25.5 China 8.7
Imports 97 863.6 Iran 3.6 India 8.7
India 3.3 United States 6.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) g 2.8
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 19.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 2.4/2.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) g 207.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.5/77.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 8.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.3
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 27.5h
Urban population in 2007 (%) 77.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
i
International migrant stock (% of total population) 70.0
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 223
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) j 1.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.6/95.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) j 66.3/33.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 22.5/77.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 42
Forested area (% of land area) 3.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 123 733/30.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 14 327.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 94
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.3/33.0
a Official rate. b Official estimates. c Age group not specified. d Arrivals in hotels only. e Includes
domestic tourism and nationals residing abroad. f 2006. g Includes guest workers. h 1995. i Data refer
to foreign citizens. j UNESCO estimate.

205
A
'
Region Northern Europe
Currency Pound Sterling (GBP)
Surface area (square kms) 242 900
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 60 769
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 250.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) London (8 567)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 1 450 880 2 243 600 2 767 983
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.8 1.8 3.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 24 646.5 37 241.4 45 549.3
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 24 666.5 37 988.2 46 093.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 17.1 18.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.66 0.55 0.50
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –37 357 –54 996 –119 158
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 121
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 95 95
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 97 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 98 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) bc 5.5 5.0 5.3
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 25.2d 22.2d 22.3b
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 1.5d 1.4d 1.4b
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 54.4 55.3 55.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 70.9 69.8 69.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 23 212 28 039 30 677
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 262 164 193 210 178 878e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 131.7 166.8 173.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 26.4 57.3 66.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 439 973.0 United States 14.7 Germany 14.3
Imports 624 612.7 Germany 11.1 United States 8.5
France 8.2 China 7.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 16.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 28.3/22.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.2
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 81.6/77.2
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 4.8
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 1.8
f
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 84.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 89.9
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.5
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 10.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 310 823
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 102.1/100.3
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.3/42.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 289.8
h
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) </0.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 19.6/80.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 65
Forested area (% of land area) 11.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 546 416/9.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 3 615.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 611
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 7.5/14.4
a Market rate. b March to May. c Age group 16 years and over. d Average of Spring estimates. e 2006.
f Age group 16 to 49 years. g World Association of Newspapers. h Excludes Channel Islands and Isle
of Man.

206
A
% # =
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)
Surface area (square kms) 945 087
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 40 454
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 42.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Dar es Salaam (2 930)
United Nations membership date 14 December 1961
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 9 331 12 936 14 954
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 5.1 6.8 7.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 275.7 338.5 369.7
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 272.8 329.8 366.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.4 21.9 25.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 800.41 1 128.93 1 245.04
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –499 –864 –1 856
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 119 130c
d
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 157 254
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 110 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 109 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) ef 5.1g ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) b 2.6efg ... 4.3c
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) b 82.1efg ... 76.5c
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 87.1 87.0 87.0
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 91.2 90.1 90.3
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 459 590 692
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 240 534 528c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 0.8 9.3 21.0
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 1.0 1.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 2 139.3 Switzerland 20.5 United Arab Emirates 13.2
Imports 5 919.0 South Africa 9.5 South Africa 10.1
China 7.3 India 8.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.5
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.1
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.5
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 53.6/51.4
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 72.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 26.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 25.0
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 435 938
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) h 2.2i
h
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 41.0/42.0i
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 32.3/67.7
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 1.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 30.4/69.6
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 589
Forested area (% of land area) 39.9
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 4 672/0.1
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 47.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 148
a Official rate. b Tanzania mainland excluding Zanzibar. c 2006. d Manufacturing. e March. f Age group
10 years and over. g 2001. h UNESCO estimate. i 1999.

207
A


 
Region Northern America
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 9 629 091
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 305 826
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 31.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) New York-Newark (19 041)
United Nations membership date 24 October 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) a 9 764 800 12 376 100 13 776 470
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) a 3.7 3.1 2.2
GDP per capita (current US$) a 34 279.6 41 274.8 45 046.7
a
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 34 862.7 41 485.6 45 421.7
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) a 19.9 19.2 18.0
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –417 425 –728 994 –731 209
b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 113 120
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 103 107
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 106 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 102 105 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 4.0 5.1 4.6
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 23.2d 20.6 20.6
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 2.6 1.6 1.4
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 59.5 58.6 58.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 74.5 72.7 72.4
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) e 51 238 49 206 55 986
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 1 407 633 1 367 623 1 388 875f
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 107.3 130.2 136.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 44.1 66.3 71.9
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)g (% of exports)g (% of imports)g
Exports 1 162 538.0 Canada 21.4 China 16.9
Imports 2 017 121.0 Mexico 11.7 Canada 15.7
China 5.6 Mexico 10.6
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 19.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.8/17.6
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 96.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 80.8/75.6
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 6.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
h
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 72.8
Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.4
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –0.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 13.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 365 103
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 5.3
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 96.0/95.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 57.4/42.6
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) i 193.2
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 2.5/9.7
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 17.4/82.6j
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 1 192
Forested area (% of land area) 33.1
k
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 776 432/19.3
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 6 749.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 056
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.1/16.0
a Excludes American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands and US Virgin Islands. b All
urban consumers. c Age group 16 years and over. d Industry includes sanitary services. e Includes
Mexicans staying one or more nights. f 2006. g Includes Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands. h Age group
15 to 44 years. i World Association of Newspapers. j 2008. k Includes American Samoa, Guam, Puerto
Rico and US Virgin Islands.

208
A


 
Region Caribbean
Currency U.S. Dollar (USD)
Surface area (square kms) 347
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 111
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 321.1
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Charlotte Amalie (53)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 99 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 61.9 58.8 57.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.7 63.4 61.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 546 582 510
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 95.1 135.7 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 13.8 26.8 26.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 21.8
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 22.5/19.1
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 90.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 83.3/75.5
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) a 8.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) bc 78.4
Urban population in 2007 (%) 94.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –4.1
International migrant stock (% of total population) 56.5
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 31
Forested area (% of land area) 27.9
a Rate based on 30 or fewer events. b Sample of all women of reproductive age, irrespective of marital
status. c Age group 18 to 44 years.

209
A$
Region South America
Currency Peso Uruguayo (UYU)
Surface area (square kms) 176 215
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 3 340
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 19.0
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Montevideo (1 513)
United Nations membership date 18 December 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 20 086 16 615 23 087
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –1.4 6.4 7.5
GDP per capita (current US$) 6 053.1 4 995.8 6 912.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 5 968.7 4 831.7 6 791.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 12.5 13.9
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 12.10 24.48 23.47
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –566 24 –186
Consumer price index (2000=100) b 100 162 187
c
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 164 190
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 102 119 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 103 122 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) d 13.6e 12.2e 9.2
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) d 24.7e 21.9e 21.7
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) d 4.1e 4.6ef 11.0f
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 51.3 52.1 52.7
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 75.7 75.8 75.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 1 968 1 808 1 752
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 606 575 309g
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 41.9 71.2 118.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 10.9 20.6 29.0
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 4 496.0 Brazil 16.2 Brazil 23.2
Imports 5 588.6 United States 11.2 Argentina 22.1
Argentina 9.8 Venezuela 11.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 22.3
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 24.3/17.3
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 93.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 79.9/72.8
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 13.1
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
h
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 77.0
Urban population in 2007 (%) 92.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.4
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –1.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.4
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 177
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.9
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 111.0/105.0
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 61.9/38.1
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 2.6/6.6
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 12.3/87.7
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 72
Forested area (% of land area) 8.6
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 5 558/1.7
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 774.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 101
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.4/21.4
a Market rate. b Montevideo. c Manufacturing. d Age group 14 years and over. e Urban areas. f
Agriculture includes mining and quarrying. g 2006. h Age group 15 to 50 years.

210
A 

Region South-central Asia
Currency Uzbek Sum (UZS)
Surface area (square kms) 447 400
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 27 372
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 61.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Tashkent (2 184)
United Nations membership date 2 March 1992
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 13 759 13 751 19 275
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 4.0 7.1 7.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 556.5 517.1 704.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 548.1 538.6 701.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 23.1 21.2
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 236.61 ... ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 100 119 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 119 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) b 0.4 0.3 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 55.5 57.2 58.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 66.7 68.6 70.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 302 242 281c
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 60 026 61 935 63 778c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 6.9 9.5 ...
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.5 3.3 4.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 30.6
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 7.9/5.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 98.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 70.4/64.0
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 55.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 64.9
Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.7
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.6
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 4.2
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 1 066
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 9.4d
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 99.0/101.1
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 41.0/59.0
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 16.4/83.6e
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 52
Forested area (% of land area) 8.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 112 357/4.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 021.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 419
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 8.3/21.0
a Official rate. b Employment office records. c 2006. d 1991. e Based on 2004 data for Lower House
and 2005 data for Upper House or Senate.

211


Region Oceania-Melanesia
Currency Vatu (VUV)
Surface area (square kms) 12 189
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 226
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 18.6
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Port Vila (40)
United Nations membership date 15 September 1981
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 245 368 451
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 2.7 6.8 4.7
GDP per capita (current US$) 1 289.0 1 707.7 1 994.8
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 1 270.0 1 593.3 1 861.1
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.5 27.4 27.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 137.64 109.25 102.44
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –14 –53 0
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 112 114b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 110 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 98 110 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 78.9 79.2 79.4
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 87.5 87.8 88.2
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 58 62 68b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 3.7 9.1 15.4
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2.1 5.1 7.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 29.9 Philippines 14.0 Australia 31.1
Imports 201.7 New Caledonia 9.7 New Zealand 16.8
Fiji 6.7 Singapore 12.4
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.4
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 38.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/5.9
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 104.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 72.1/68.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 28.3
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.7
c
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 39.0d
Urban population in 2007 (%) 24.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.8
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.3
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 9.5
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 75.8/79.9
e
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 36.1/63.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) f 14.3
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 3.8/96.2g
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 118
Forested area (% of land area) 36.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 88/0.4
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) h 139.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 2 222
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 21.5/28.2
a Official rate. b 2006. c Age group 15 to 59 years. d 1995. e UNESCO estimate. f World Association
of Newspapers. g 2008. h UNSD estimates.

212
   3 % # 4
Region South America
Currency Bolivar Fuerte (VEF) a
Surface area (square kms) 912 050
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 27 657
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 30.3
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Caracas (2 985)
United Nations membership date 15 November 1945
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 117 148 145 514 236 720
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.7 10.3 8.4
GDP per capita (current US$) 4 800.7 5 444.7 8 559.2
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 4 743.5 5 362.4 8 413.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 20.3 22.8
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.68 2.09 2.15
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 11 853 25 110 20 001
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 255 344
Industrial production index (2000=100) c 100 113 133
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 95 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 101 95 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) 13.9 ... 7.5
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) ... 19.8def 23.3g
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) ... 10.7def 8.7g
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 43.6 50.1 51.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.9 80.8 81.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 469 706 771
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 208 361 198 223 196 206h
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 33.0 60.4 104.5
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 3.4 12.5 20.7
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 61 385.2 ... United States 20.2
Imports 41 911.0 ... Colombia 8.9
... Brazil 7.2
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.9
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.7/8.4
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.9
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.8/70.9
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 17.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 70.3i
Urban population in 2007 (%) 93.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) –3.4
International migrant stock (% of total population) 3.5
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 210 514
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 3.7
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 93.3/90.6
j
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 51.0/49.0
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) k 93.3
l
Intentional homicides (women and men, per 100 000) 3.2/53.8
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.6/81.4
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 259
Forested area (% of land area) 54.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 148 117/5.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2 416.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 913
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 16.0/30.3
a Beginning 1 January 2008, 1 Bolivar Fuerte (VEF) = 1000 Bolivar (VEB). b Official rate. c Manufacturing,
excluding petroleum refineries. d 2003. e Second semester. f Excludes contributing family workers who
worked less than 15 hours per week. g Age group 10 years and over. h 2006. i 1998. j UNESCO estimate.
k World Association of Newspapers. l Excludes Indian jungle population.

213

:
Region South-eastern Asia
Currency Dong (VND)
Surface area (square kms) 331 689
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 87 375
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 263.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Ho Chi Minh City (5 314)
United Nations membership date 20 September 1977
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 31 173 52 832 71 174
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.8 8.4 8.3
GDP per capita (current US$) 394.1 621.3 814.6
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 388.5 609.9 790.0
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.7 33.1 37.1
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 14 167.70 15 858.90 16 095.50
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 106 –560 –6 992
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 115b ...
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 101 126 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 125 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) c 2.3 2.1b ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) c 12.4 17.4b ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) c 65.3 57.9b ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 70.3 69.7 69.3
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 77.1 76.3 76.0
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 2 140 3 468 4 172
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 27 230 50 874 53 941e
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 4.2 30.2 59.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.3 12.7 20.5
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$)e (% of exports)e (% of imports)e
Exports 39 826.2 United States 19.7 China 16.5
Imports 44 891.1 Japan 13.2 Singapore 14.0
Australia 9.3 Japan 10.5
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.3
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 27.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 9.2/8.0
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 100.0
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 76.2/72.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 19.5
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.1
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 75.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 27.3
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.1
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.7
f
International migrant stock (% of total population) 0.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 9 621
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 1.8g
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 79.5/85.5
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 40.9/59.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 25.8/74.2
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 408
Forested area (% of land area) 39.7
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 101 826/1.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 370.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 1 931
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 23.7/32.3
a Market rate. b 2004. c July. d Visitors. e 2006. f Data refer to foreign citizens. g 1991.

214
B

Region Northern Africa
Currency Moroccan Dirham (MAD)
Surface area (square kms) 266 000
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 480
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 1.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) El Aaiún (200)
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) a 10.63 8.87 8.19
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.7
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 29.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 3.9/4.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 112.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 68.1/64.3
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 44.2
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 2.7
Urban population in 2007 (%) 81.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.0
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.6
International migrant stock (% of total population) b 0.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 32
Forested area (% of land area) 3.8
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 238/0.5
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) c 286.0
a Official rate. b Estimates. c UNSD estimates.

215
@  
Region Western Asia
Currency Yemini Rial (YER)
Surface area (square kms) 527 968
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 22 389
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 42.4
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Sana'a' (2 008)
United Nations membership date 30 September 1947
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 9 636 16 808 21 658
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 6.2 5.6 3.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 530.0 796.7 967.4
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 491.1 723.3 864.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 19.0 25.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 161.72 191.51 198.95
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 1 337 624 206b
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 174 233
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 99 107 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 99 106 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 18.2 21.4 21.6
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 67.8 66.1 66.1
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) c 73 336 379
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 21 413 19 852 18 212b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 2.1 15.2 18.2b
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.1 1.1 1.4
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 6 253.2 China 21.0 United Arab Emirates 20.0
Imports 8 299.0 Thailand 19.7 Saudi Arabia 8.2
India 16.2 China 8.1
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 3.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 44.4
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 4.4/3.7
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 102.3
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 64.4/61.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 58.6
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.5
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 23.1
Urban population in 2007 (%) 30.1
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 4.9
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.1
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 195 080
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) d 9.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 53.7/81.7
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 26.1/73.9
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) 4.1
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 0.7/99.3e
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 266
Forested area (% of land area) 1.0
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 20 148/1.0
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 302.0
a Official rate. b 2006. c Arrivals of non-resident tourists in hotels and similar establishments. d UNESCO
estimate. e Based on 2003 data for Lower House and 2001 data for Upper House or Senate.

216
; 
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Kwacha (ZMK)
Surface area (square kms) 752 618
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 11 922
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 15.8
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Lusaka (1 328)
United Nations membership date 1 December 1964
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 3 239 7 272 11 613
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) 3.6 5.2 5.8
GDP per capita (current US$) 309.9 633.5 974.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 294.9 580.4 909.5
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 27.2 26.4
a
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 3 110.84 4 463.50 4 002.52
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) –623 –731 –780
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 251 303
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 133 142b
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 98 98 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 100 101 ...
Unemployment (% of labour force) cd 12.9e ... ...
Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) e 5.8 ... ...
Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) e 71.6 ... ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 58.9 60.0 59.8
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 80.9 80.0 80.5
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 457 669 897
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 781 908 946b
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 1.7 9.0 22.9
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.2 2.9 4.2
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 4 618.6 Switzerland 41.8 South Africa 47.4
Imports 3 971.1 South Africa 12.0 United Arab Emirates 6.4
Thailand 5.9 China 5.9
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.9
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 45.2
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 5.6/4.2
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.5
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 42.5/42.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 92.7
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 5.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 34.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 35.2
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.3
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.7
International migrant stock (% of total population) 1.8
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 112 959
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) 2.0
f
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 79.8/86.1
f
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) 31.6/68.4
Newspaper circulation (per 1 000 inhabitants) g 4.9
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 15.2/84.8
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 43
Forested area (% of land area) 57.1
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2 367/0.2
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 125.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 843
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 14.9/26.4
a Official rate. b 2006. c Population census. d Age group 12 years and over. e October. f UNESCO
estimate. g World Association of Newspapers.

217
;  
Region Eastern Africa
Currency Zimbabwean Dollar (ZWD) a
Surface area (square kms) 390 757
Population in 2007 (projected, 000) 13 349
Population density in 2007 (per square km) 34.2
Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) Harare (1 572)
United Nations membership date 25 August 1980
Economic indicators 2000 2005 2007
Gross domestic product (GDP) (million current US$) 5 628 2 258 2 124
Growth rate of GDP at constant 1990 prices (% p.a.) –7.7 –4.0 –6.1
GDP per capita (current US$) 444.7 172.1 159.1
Gross national income (GNI) per capita (current US$) 430.8 171.3 158.2
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 2.3 12.3
b
Exchange rate (national currency per US$) 0.04 22.36 9 675.78
Consumer price index (2000=100) 100 28 349 21 601 970
Industrial production index (2000=100) 100 64 68c
Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 107 73 ...
Food production index (1999-2001=100) 106 84 ...
Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 64.0 61.1 59.9
Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 79.1 79.3 79.7
Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) d 1 967 1 559 2 287c
Primary energy production (000 MT oil equivalent) 3 360 3 036 2 890c
Total telephone subscribers (per 100 inhabitants) 4.5 8.2 11.8
Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 0.4 8.4 10.1
Total trade Major trading partners 2007
(million US$) (% of exports) (% of imports)
Exports 3 310.2 South Africa 37.4 South Africa 42.8
Imports 3 594.4 Mozambique 13.0 Botswana 11.4
United Kingdom 7.4 China 5.7
Social indicators 2000-2007
Population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 1.0
Population aged 0-14 years in 2008 (%) 37.7
Population aged 60+ years in 2008 (women and men, % of total) 6.6/4.8
Sex ratio in 2008 (men per 100 women) 99.1
Life expectancy at birth 2005-2010 (women and men, years) 42.7/44.1
Infant mortality rate 2005-2010 (per 1 000 live births) 58.0
Total fertility rate 2005-2010 (live births per woman) 3.2
Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 60.2
Urban population in 2007 (%) 36.8
Urban population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 2.2
Rural population growth rate 2005-2010 (% per annum) 0.2
International migrant stock (% of total population) 2.9
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 4 524
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) e 4.6
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (women and men per 100) 71.8/73.9
Third-level students (women and men, % of total) e 38.8/61.2
Parliamentary seats (women and men, % of total) 18.2/81.8f
Environment 2000-2007
Threatened species in 2008 49
Forested area (% of land area) 45.3
CO 2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 11 457/0.9
Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 279.0
Mean total rainfall (millimetres) 841
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) 12.3/25.5
a On August 1, 2006, the new dollar, equivalent to 1,000 of the old dollar was introduced. b Official
rate. c 2006. d Visitors. e UNESCO estimate. f 2008.

218
Technical notes

Country nomenclature
The geographical designations and presentation of the material in this
publication have been adopted solely for the purpose of providing a
convenient geographical basis for the statistical series.
Because of space limitations, the country or area names used in the
tables are generally the commonly employed short names in use in the
United Nations, the full names being used only when a short form is not
available. Countries or areas are listed in English alphabetical order.

Notes on the indicators


Terms given below are arranged in alphabetical order and are defined in
the Data dictionary, which begins on page 227.

Agricultural production index shows the relative level of the aggregate volume of
agricultural production for a year in comparison with the base period 1999-2001.
Data covers all crops and livestock products. The data were taken from FAOSTAT
database [2] of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor (last accessed 17
November 2008).
Balance of payments, current account: The data were taken from the International
Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics [6], available at
http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/ (last accessed 1 October 2008).
CO2 emission estimates represent the volume of CO2 (carbon dioxide) produced
during the combustion of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, from gas flaring and
the manufacture of cement. These estimates are from the Carbon Dioxide
Information Analysis Center [1], for the latest year available (2005), available at
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp030/CSV-FILES/nation.1751_2005.csv (last accessed 7
November 2008). Original data were converted to CO2 emissions by using the
conversion formula 1 gram Carbon = 3.664 grams CO2 as per
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/convert.html#3.
CO2 emission estimates per capita figures were computed by dividing the total CO2
emissions estimates by the corresponding population estimates from the World
Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision [15].
Consumer price index numbers were taken from LABORSTA Internet [5], an
International Labour Organization database, table 7A Consumer prices, general
indices, at http://laborsta.ilo.org (last accessed 20 October 2008). The index
numbers are designed to show changes over time in the cost of selected goods
and services that are considered as representative of the consumption habits of
the population concerned. Unless otherwise noted, the indices here generally
refer to “all items” and to the country as a whole.
Contraceptive prevalence refers to the percentage of women married or in-union
aged 15 to 49 who are currently using, or whose sexual partner is using, at least
one method of contraception, regardless of the method used. Data are produced

219
219
by the United Nations Population Division using data from nationally
representative surveys including the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the
Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS), the CDC-assisted Reproductive Health Surveys
(RHS), the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and national family
planning, or health, or household, or socio-economic surveys. The data contain
the most recent estimates of contraceptive prevalence available as of March
2009. Countries with no data for 1985 or earlier are not included. The data are
from the World Contraceptive Use 2009 Database [12], produced by the United
Nations Population Division.
Currency shows the national currency name and the ISO currency code. Data were
taken from the United Nations website at http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury/.
Employment in agricultural and in industrial sectors, unless otherwise noted, refer
to the 15 years and over age group who perform any work at all, in the reference
period, for pay or profit in industry (mining, manufacturing and electricity, gas
and water) and agriculture. The data were taken from the Key Indicators of the
Labour Market database [4], prepared by the International Labour Organization
(ILO). See also http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/.
Energy consumption per capita refers to “apparent consumption”, which is derived
from the formula “production + imports - exports - bunkers +/- stock changes”.
Accordingly, the series may in some cases represent only an indication of the
magnitude of actual inland availability. The data were taken from the Energy
Statistics Database of the United Nations Statistics Division and refer to the
year 2006. They are published in the Energy Statistics Yearbook [18].
Exchange rates are shown in units of national currency per US dollar and refer to
end-of-period quotations. Unless otherwise noted, the data refer to the midpoint
market rates (average of buying and selling rates). The data were taken from the
International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics [6], available at
http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/ (last accessed 1 October 2008). For those
currencies for which the IMF does not publish exchange rates, non-commercial
rates derived from the operational rates of exchange for United Nations
programmes are shown, as published by the United Nations at
http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury/.
Food production index covers commodities that are considered edible and contain
nutrients. The index numbers shown may differ from those produced by countries
themselves because of differences in concepts of production, coverage, weights,
time reference of data, and methods of evaluation. The data include estimates
made by FAO in cases where no official or semi-official figures are available
from the countries. The data were taken from the FAOSTAT database [2] of the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, available at
http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor (last accessed 17 November
2008).
Forested area data were taken from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 [3], Extent of forest
and other wooded land 2005, available at
http://www.fao.org/forestry/site/32032/en (last accessed 21 November 2008).
Government education expenditure (% of GDP) data were taken from the website of
UNESCO Institute for Statistics [9], Table 19: Finance Indicators by ISCED level,
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220
available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId
=172 (last accessed 13 October 2008). They show the general trends in public
expenditure on public education expressed as a percentage of the Gross
Domestic Product. The data shown should be considered as approximate
indications of the public resources allocated to education.
Gross domestic product (GDP) in current United States dollars are estimates of the
total production of goods and services of the countries represented in economic
terms, not as a measure of the standard of living of their inhabitants. In order to
have comparable coverage for as many countries as possible, these US dollar
estimates are based on official GDP data in national currency, supplemented by
national currency estimates prepared by the Statistics Division using additional
data from national and international sources. The estimates given here are in
most cases those accepted by the United Nations General Assembly’s
Committee on Contributions for determining United Nations members’
contributions to the United Nations regular budget. The exchange rates for the
conversion of GDP national currency data into United States dollars are the
average market rates published by the International Monetary Fund, in
International Financial Statistics [6]. Official exchange rates are used only when
free market rates are not available. For non-members of the Fund, the conversion
rates used are the average of United Nations operational rates of exchange. It
should be noted that the conversion from local currency into US dollars
introduces deficiencies in comparability over time and among countries which
should be considered when using the data. For example, comparability over time
is distorted when exchange rate fluctuations differ substantially from domestic
inflation rates. The data are from the National Accounts Database (September
2008 update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations
Statistics Division and are published in the National Accounts Statistics:
Analysis of Main Aggregates [21]. See also
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.
Gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita) estimates are the value of all
goods and services produced in the economy divided by population. The data are
from the National Accounts Database (September 2008 update) compiled from
national data provided to the United Nations Statistics Division and published in
the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates [21]. See also
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.
Gross fixed capital formation data are based on the percentage distribution of GDP
in current prices. The data are from the National Accounts Database (September
2008 update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations
Statistics Division and are published in the National Accounts Statistics:
Analysis of Main Aggregates [21]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/
dnllist.asp. Data in national currency are published in National Accounts
Statistics: Main Aggregates and Detailed Tables [22].
Gross national income per capita (GNI per capita) estimates are the aggregate value
of the gross balances of primary incomes for all sectors in the economy divided
by population. The data are from the National Accounts Database (September
2008 update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations

221
221
Statistics Division and are published in the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis
of Main Aggregates [21]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.
Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product at constant 1990 prices is derived on the
basis of constant price series in national currency. The figures are computed as
geometric mean of annual rates of growth expressed in percentages for the
years indicated. Data are from the National Accounts Database (September 2008
update) compiled from national data provided to the United Nations Statistics
Division, published in the National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main
Aggregates [21]. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.
Industrial production index data shown here generally covers mining, manufacturing
and electricity, gas and water. Unless otherwise noted, data do not include
construction. They are from table 5 of the United Nations Monthly Bulletin of
Statistics [20], September 2008. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs/.
Infant mortality (per 1 000 live births) rates are, unless otherwise noted, the five-
year projected averages for the reference period 2005-2010. Data are from
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/health.htm (December
2008 update). See also social indicators.
Intentional homicide rates are the annual number of deaths purposely inflicted by
another persons by sex reported for the year per 100 000 corresponding mid-year
population. The data refer to the latest available year and are from the United
Nations Statistics Division’s Demographic Yearbook 2006 [17], Table 21, Death
and death rates by cause, and classified under External causes, assaults. See
also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm.
International migrant stock generally represents the number of persons born in a
country other than that in which they live. For most countries which lack
information on country of birth, data on the number of persons having foreign
citizenship was used instead. In absence of any empirical data, estimates were
imputed. Data refer to mid-2010 and are the outcome of dividing the estimated
international migrant stock by the estimated total population, expressed as a
percentage. Estimates of international migrants are obtained from United
Nations, Trends in total migrant stock: The 2008 revision [11], produced by the
United Nations Population Division and available at www.unmigration.org.
Estimates of total population are obtained from United Nations, World
Population Prospects: The 2008 revision, produced by the United Nations
Population Division and available at http://www.unpopulation.org.
Internet users per 100 inhabitants are based on nationally reported data for users
divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100. There are variations
in data collection among countries: some use surveys that give a more precise
figure for the number of Internet users, while others base their estimates on
derivations from reported Internet Service Provider subscriber counts, calculated
by multiplying the number of subscribers by a multiplier. Surveys may differ
across countries in the user age and frequency of use they cover. Some figures
may refer to only users above a certain age. The data are from the World
Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2008 (12th Edition) of the
International Telecommunication Union [8], available at http://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/ict/publications/world/world.html (last accessed 24 September 2008).

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222
Labour force participation rate is calculated by expressing the number of persons in
the labour force as a percentage of the working-age population. The labour force
is the sum of the number of persons employed and the number of unemployed.
The working-age population is the population above a certain age, prescribed for
the measurement of economic characteristics. Unless otherwise noted, the data
refer to the age group of 15 years and over and are from the estimates and
projections published in the Key Indicators of the Labour Market database [4],
prepared by the International Labour Organization. See also
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/.
Largest urban agglomeration shows the population of the largest urban
agglomeration (city plus contiguous built-up areas) or, if unavailable, largest city
according to its administrative boundaries for each country or area. The data
refer to 2007 and are from the Urban Agglomerations, 2007, Wall Chart [13],
produced by the United Nations Population Division and available at
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007urban_agglo.htm.
Life expectancy at birth for men and women are, unless otherwise noted, the five-
year projected averages for the reference period 2005-2010. Data are from the
United Nations Statistics Division and available at
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/ products/socind/health.htm (December
2008 update). See also social indicators.
Major trading partners display the largest three trade partners and data are
expressed as percentages of total exports and of total imports of the country or
area, as estimated by the United Nations Statistics Division from its Commodity
Trade Statistics Database [16] (COMTRADE, see
http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx). These series are published in the
United Nations International Trade Statistics Yearbook [19].
Mean total rainfall data are computed from average monthly measurements from
the weather stations in the largest urban agglomeration or city, unless otherwise
noted. The data are official weather observations, weather forecasts and
climatological information for selected cities supplied by National
Meteorological & Hydrological Services (NMHSs) worldwide, and were taken
from the website of the World Meteorological Organization [26], available at
http://www.worldweather.org/ (last accessed 14 November 2008). See also
largest urban agglomeration.
Mean temperature °C (minimum and maximum) data were computed from average
monthly measurements from the weather stations in the largest urban
agglomeration or city, unless otherwise noted. The data are official weather
observations, weather forecasts and climatological information for selected
cities supplied by National Meteorological & Hydrological Services (NMHSs)
worldwide, and were taken from the website of the World Meteorological
Organization [26], available at http://www.worldweather.org/ (last accessed 14
November 2008). See also largest urban agglomeration.
Newspaper circulation data were taken from the website of UNESCO Institute for
Statistics [9], Newspapers report, Daily newspapers: Total average circulation
per 1,000 inhabitants indicator, at
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=398
(last accessed 16 October 2008).
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223
Parliamentary seats refer to the number of women and men in the lower and upper
chamber of parliament expressed as a percentage of total seats. The data were
taken from the Inter-Parliamentary Union [7], Women in National Parliaments,
Situation as of 30 November 2008, available at http://www.ipu.org/wmn-
e/classif.htm.
Population aged 0-14 years refers to the population aged 0-14 years of both sexes
as a percentage of total population. Unless otherwise noted, data refer to the
reference period 2008 and are from:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/child&elderly.htm
(December 2008 update). See also social indicators.
Population aged 60 years and over refers to elderly men as a percentage of all
males and elderly women as a percentage of all females. Unless otherwise
noted, data refer to the reference period 2008 and are from:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/child&elderly.htm
(December 2008 update). See also social indicators.
Population density refers to population per square kilometre of surface area. Data
are derived from the population projections for 2007 divided by the surface area.
See also population projections and surface area.
Population growth rate is the average annual percentage change in total population
size. Unless otherwise noted, data refer to the reference period 2005-2010 and
are from:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/population.htm
(December 2008 update). See also social indicators.
Population projections for 2007 were prepared by the United Nations Population
Division and published in the World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision
[15], available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/
wpp2006.htm.
Primary energy production refers to the first stage of production of various forms of
energy, converted into a common unit (metric ton of oil equivalent). The data are
from the Energy Statistics Database of the United Nations Statistics Division.
They are published in the Energy Statistics Yearbook [18].
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratios are from the website of the UNESCO
Institute of Statistics [9], Table 5 Enrolment ratios by ISCED level, available at
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId= 182
(last accessed 10 October 2008). The enrolment ratio generally is the total
enrolment of all ages in first- and second-level education, divided by the total
population in the official ages of enrolment in the country times 100. The gross
enrolment ratio at the first and second level should include all pupils whatever
their ages, whereas the population is limited to the range of official school ages.
Therefore, for countries with almost universal education among the school-age
population, the gross enrolment ratio will exceed 100 if the actual age
distribution of pupils extends beyond the official school ages.
Refugees in this series refers to persons granted a humanitarian status and/or
those granted temporary protection. Included are persons who have been
granted temporary protection on a group basis. The series also includes returned
refugees, asylum seekers and persons displaced internally within their own
country for reasons that would make them of concern to the Office of the United
224
224
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) if they were outside their
country of origin. The data are from 2007 Global Trends, Table 1. Refugees,
asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees (refugees and
IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by country/territory of
asylum, end-2007 [10], available at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.html (2007
Annexes).
Region is given according to regional groupings of countries and areas based mainly
on continents. These are from Standard Country or Area Codes and Geographical
Regions for Statistical Use, Revision 4 (United Nations publication), available at
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm.
Rural population growth rate data are based on the number of persons defined as
urban or rural according to national definitions of this concept. In most cases
these definitions are those used in the most recent population census. These
series are from Urban and Rural Areas, 2007, Wall Chart [14], produced by the
United Nations Population Division and available at http://www.un.org/
esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007urban_rural.htm.
Sex ratio is calculated as the ratio of the number of men to that of 100 women.
Unless otherwise noted, data refer to the reference period 2008 and are from
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic/products/socind/population.htm
(December 2008 update). See also social indicators.
Social indicators: the data on seven indicators (infant mortality rate, life
expectancy, population aged 0-14, population aged 60 years and over, total
fertility rate, population annual growth rate and sex ratio) were taken from the
website of the Demographic and Social Statistics branch of the United Nations
Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/default.htm
(December 2008 update). The main data source is the Population Division’s
publication the World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision [15]. The data
were supplemented by official national statistics published in United Nations
Demographic Yearbook 2006 [17] and data compiled by the Secretariat of the
Pacific Community (SPC) Demography Programme, available at
http://www.spc.int/prism/social/demog.html.
Surface area (excluding polar regions and uninhabited islands) data are from table 3
in the United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2006 [17]. See also
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm.
Third-level students percentages are from the website of the UNESCO Institute of
Statistics [9], table 14 Tertiary indicators, available at
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=167
(last accessed 13 October 2008).
Threatened species represents the number of plants and animals that are compiled
by the World Conservation Union IUCN/ Species Survival Commission (SSC). The
data are from Table 5 of The 2008 Review of the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species [25], available at
http://iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/red_list/2008_red_list_summary_statis
tics/index.cfm (last accessed 13 October 2008).
Total fertility rate is, unless otherwise noted, the five-year average for the reference
period 2005-2010.The data are from

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http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/childbearing.htm
(December 2008 update). See also social indicators.
Total telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants refer to the sum of main telephone
lines and cellular mobile subscribers divided by the population and multiplied by
100. The data are from the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database
2008 (12th Edition) of the International Telecommunication Union [8], available
at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/ world/world.html (last accessed 24
September 2008).
Total trade: exports and imports show the movement of goods out of and into a
country as estimated by the United Nations Statistics Division in its Commodity
Trade Statistics Database [16] (Comtrade, see
http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx). These series are published in the
United Nations International Trade Statistics Yearbook [19]. Exports are
generally valued at the frontier of the importing country (f.o.b. valuation). Imports
are valued at the frontier of the importing country (c.i.f. valuation). Both imports
and exports are shown in United States dollars. Conversion from national
currencies is made by means of currency conversion factors based on official
exchange rates (par values or weighted averages).
Tourist arrival data shown are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO) and published in the UNWTO Yearbook of Tourism
Statistics [23]. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to arrivals of non-
resident tourists at national borders, and include information received by UNSD
as of 31 October 2008.
Unemployment refers to persons above a certain age who during a specified period
of time were without work, currently available for work and seeking work.
National definitions of unemployment often differ from the recommended
international standard definitions and thereby limit international comparability.
Inter-country comparisons are also complicated by the different types of data
collection systems used to obtain information on unemployed persons. The data
were taken from LABORSTA Internet [5], an ILO database, table 3A,
Unemployment, general level, available at http://laborsta.ilo.org (last accessed
27 October 2008). Unless otherwise noted, these data refer to the 15 years and
over age group and are national employment office statistics, usually labour force
surveys, compiled by the ILO.
United Nations membership dates are from the United Nations Terminology Bulletin
[24], available at http://unterm.un.org/ and the List of Member States, available
at http://www.un.org/Overview/unmember.html.
Urban population and urban population growth rate series are based on the number
of persons defined as urban or rural according to national definitions of this
concept. In most cases these definitions are those used in the most recent
population census. These series are from Urban and Rural Areas, 2007, Wall
Chart [14], produced by the United Nations Population Division and available at
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007urban_rural.htm.

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Data dictionary

A
age group: The age distribution of a population is given either by individual years of
age or by age groups, which may be quinquennial age groups or quinary age
groups, or broad age groups, such as 0-19 years, 20-59 years, and 60 years and
over. Age is generally expressed in years, or years and months. Statisticians often
round off the age to the number of complete years lived, and this is called age at
last birthday. (United Nations, 1958, para. 322)*.
agriculture (agriculture, forestry and fishing): Comprises the following divisions of
the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities
(ISIC), Rev. 4: crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities,
forestry and lodging, and fishing and aquaculture. (United Nations, 2008).
agricultural production and food production indices : The indices of agricultural
production of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
are based on the sum of price-weighted quantities of different agricultural
commodities produced. All the indices at the country, regional and world levels
are calculated by the Laspeyres formula. Production quantities of each
commodity are weighted by the average international commodity prices in the
base period and summed for each year. To obtain the index, the aggregate for a
given year is divided by the average aggregate for the base period. The
commodities covered in the computation of indices of agricultural production are
all crops and livestock products originating in each country. Practically all
products are covered, with the main exception of fodder crops. The category of
food production includes commodities that are considered edible and that
contain nutrients. Accordingly, coffee and tea are excluded because they have
practically no nutritive value. (FAOSTAT, 2008).
annual growth: See rate of change.
area: See land and water area.

B
balance of payments: A statistical statement that systematically summarizes, for a
specific time period, the economic transactions of an economy with the rest of
the world. Transactions, for the most part between residents and non-residents,
consist of transactions involving goods, services and income; transactions involving
financial claims on, and liabilities to, the rest of the world; and transactions (such
as gifts) classified as transfers, which involve offsetting entries to balance—in an
accounting sense— one-sided transactions (IMF, 1993, para. 13). See also current
account.
base period: The period of time for which data used as the base of an index
number, or other ratio, have been collected. This period is frequently one year
but it may be as short as one day or as long as the average of a group of years.
(Kendall Buckland, 1982).
base year: See base period.
* References for the data dictionary terms are given in parenthesis and they are
listed on page 235.
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C
carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colourless, odourless and non-poisonous gas formed by
combustion of carbon and in the respiration of living organisms and is
considered a greenhouse gas. Emissions mean the release of greenhouse gases
and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of
time. (United Nations, 1992 and 1996).
commercial energy: Energy sold in the market. (United Nations, 1982, para. 55).
consumer price index: Measures changes over time in the general level of prices of
goods and services that a reference population acquires, uses or pays for
consumption. A consumer price index is estimated as a series of summary
measures of the period-to-period proportional change in the prices of a fixed set
of consumer goods and services of constant quantity and characteristics,
acquired, used or paid for by the reference population. Each summary measure is
constructed as a weighted average of a large number of elementary aggregate
indices. Each of the elementary aggregate indices is estimated using a sample of
prices for a defined set of goods and services obtained in, or by residents of, a
specific region from a given set of outlets or other sources of consumption goods
and services. (ILO, 2000)
contraception: In its narrow usage, measures excluding sterilization (and, in some
discussions, permanent and periodic abstinence) which are taken in order to
prevent sexual intercourse from resulting in conception. In broader usage, a
contraceptive method is sometimes called a birth control method, which includes
intentional abortion, sterilization and complete abstinence from coitus. (United
Nations, 1958, para. 624).
currency: Those notes and coins in circulation that are commonly used to make
payments. Commemorative coins that are not actually in circulation should be
excluded. (United Nations and others, 1994, para. 11.70).
current account: All balance of payments transactions (other than those in financial
items) that involve economic values and occur between resident and non-
resident entities. Also covered are offsets to current economic values provided
or acquired without a quid pro quo. The major classifications of transaction
flows cover goods and services, income and current transfers. (IMF, 1993, para.
152).

D
daily newspaper circulation: Daily newspapers are periodic publications, issued at
least four times a week, intended for the general public and mainly designed to
be a primary source of written information on current events connected with
public affairs, international questions, politics etc. Circulation comprises the
average number of copies sold directly, by subscription, and mainly distributed
free of charge both in the country and abroad. (UNESCO, 1985).
density of population: Number of population per unit of total land area of a country.
(United Nations, n.d.). See also land and water area.

E
education expenditure: See government education expenditure.

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employment: The “employed” comprise all persons above a specified age who
during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in "paid
employment” or in "self-employment” as defined below. "Persons in paid
employment” comprise all persons in the following categories: (a) "at work":
persons who during the reference period performed some work for wages, salary
or related payments, in cash or in kind; (b) "with a job but not at work": persons
who, having already worked in their present job, were absent during the
reference period and continued to have a strong attachment to their job.
"Persons in self-employment” comprise all persons (a) "at work": persons who
during the reference period performed some work for profit or family gain, in
cash or in kind; (b) "with an enterprise but not at work": persons with an
enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking,
who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific
reason. Employers, own-account workers and members of producers' co-
operatives should be considered as in self-employment and should be classified
as "at work” or "not at work”, as the case may be. (ILO, 2000)
energy: Comprises primary energy from sources that involve only extraction or
capture, with or without separation from contiguous material, cleaning or
grading, before the energy embodied in that source can be converted into heat or
mechanical work, and secondary energy from all sources of energy that results
from transformation of primary sources. (United Nations, 1982, para. 29).
energy consumption: Apparent consumption of energy comprises inland deliveries
of energy commodities, which is equal to imports plus production minus changes
in stocks minus exports. (United Nations, 1982, paras. 161-165). See also energy.
enrolment ratio: See primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio.
exchange rate: Price in a given currency at which bills drawn in another currency
may be bought. (Oxford University Press, 1982).
exports (merchandise) : Goods leaving the statistical territory of a country. In the
“general trade system”, the definition of the statistical territory of a country
coincides with its economic territory. In the “special trade system”, the
definition of the statistical territory comprises only a particular part of the
economic territory, mainly that part which coincides with the free circulation
area for goods. “The free circulation area” is a part of the economic territory of a
country within which goods “may be disposed of without Customs restrictions”. In
the case of exports, the transaction value is the value at which the goods were sold
by the exporter, including the cost of transportation and insurance, to bring the
goods onto the transporting vehicle at the frontier of the exporting country (a FOB
type valuation) (United Nations, M/52/Rev.2 and Series G).

F
food production index: See agricultural production and food production indices.
forest and other wooded land: Land under natural or planted stands of trees,
whether productive or not, including land from which forest has been cleared but
which will be reforested in the foreseeable future, and including areas occupied
by roads, small cleared tracts and other small open areas within the forest that
constitute an integral part of the forest (FAO/United Nations ECE, 1995).

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G
government education expenditure: General government expenditures for
educational affairs and services at pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary
levels and subsidiary services to education. Expenditures comprise final
consumption expenditures, gross capital formation, subsidies and loans. General
government comprises all central, state and local government units and non-
profit institutions controlled and mainly financed by government units. (UNESCO,
1978).
gross domestic product (GDP) : An aggregate measure of production equal to the
sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in
production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in
the value of their outputs). The sum of the final uses of goods and services (all
uses except intermediate consumption) measured in purchasers’ prices, less the
value of imports of goods and services, or the sum of primary incomes
distributed by resident producer units (42, paras. 1.128 and 2.173-2.174) (United
Nations and others, 1993).
gross fixed capital formation: The total value of a producer’s acquisitions, less
disposals, of fixed assets during the accounting period plus certain additions to
the value of non-produced assets realized by the productive activity of
institutional units. Fixed assets are tangible or intangible assets produced as
outputs from processes of production that are themselves used repeatedly or
continuously in other processes of production for more than one year. (United
Nations and others, 1994, para. 10.33).
gross national income (GNI) : GNI is equal to GDP less primary incomes payable to
non-resident units plus primary incomes receivable from non-resident units. In
other words, GNI is equal to GDP less taxes (less subsidies) on production and
imports, compensation of employees and property income payable to the rest of
the world plus the corresponding items receivable from the rest of the world.
Thus GNI at market prices is the sum of gross primary incomes receivable by
resident institutional units/sectors. It is worth noting that GNI at market prices
was called gross national product in the 1953 SNA, and it was commonly
denominated GNP. In contrast to GDP, GNI is not a concept of value added, but
a concept of income (primary income). (para. 2.181 of the 1993 System of
National Accounts, SNA 1993) (United Nations and others).
growth rate: See rate of change and rate of increase.

H
homicide purposely inflicted (assault) : Deaths from homicide and injuries inflicted
by another person with intent to injure or kill, by any means, excluding injuries
due to legal intervention and operations of war. (WHO, 1992, X85-Y09).

I
imports (merchandise) : Goods which add to the stock of material resources of a
country by entering its economic territory. Goods simply being transported
through a country (goods in transit) or temporarily admitted (except for goods for
inward processing) do not add to the stock of material resources of a country and
are not included in the international merchandise trade statistics. In many cases,
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230
a country’s economic territory largely coincides with its customs territory, which
is the territory in which the customs law of a country applies in full. In the case
of imports, the transaction value is the value at which the goods were purchased
by the importer plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of
the importing country (a CIF-type valuation). (United Nations, M/52/Rev.2 and
Series G).
industrial production index: Laspeyres’s index of total value-added in all industrial
production, where value added is the value of output less the values of both
intermediate consumption and consumption of fixed capital. (United Nations,
Series P). See also industry and Laspeyres’s index.
infant mortality rate: Generally computed as the ratio of infant deaths (the deaths of
children under one year of age) in a given year to the total number of live births
in the same year. (United Nations, 1958, para. 411).
inhabitants: Inhabitants of a State may be subjects, citizens or nationals of that
State, who enjoy certain political rights, or they may be aliens or foreigners who
are citizens of another State, or citizens of no State at all and are called
stateless. (United Nations, 1958). See also population.
Intentional homicides: See homicide purposely inflicted (assault).

L
labour force participation rate is defined as the ratio of the labour force to the
working-age population, expressed as a percentage. The labour force is the sum
of the number of persons employed and the number of persons unemployed.
(ILO, 2000)
land and water area: Total land area comprises agricultural land, forest and other
wooded land, built-up and related land (excluding scattered farm buildings), wet
open land, dry open land with special vegetation cover and open land without, or
with insignificant, vegetation cover. Water area comprises inland waters and
tidal waters (United Nations, n.d.).
Laspeyres’s index: A form of index number where prices, quantities or other units of
measure over time are weighted according to their values in a specified base
period (Kendall and Buckland, 1982).
life expectancy at birth: Average number of years of life at birth (age 0) according to
the expected mortality rates by age estimated for the reference year and
population (United Nations, 1958, and Series R).

N
newspaper circulation: See daily newspaper circulation.

O
oil equivalent: A single average figure for the energy content of a specified quantity
of oil (United Nations, 1982).

P
parliament: Legislative assembly of persons forming the supreme legislature of a
country (Oxford University Press, 1982).

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231
partner countries: Countries of origin and purchase in international merchandise
trade transactions (United Nations, 1994, para. 127).
population: The total population of a country may comprise either all usual
residents of the country (de jure population) or all persons present in the country
(de facto population) at the time of the census. For purposes of international
comparisons, the de facto definition is recommended (United Nations, 1958, and
Series R).
population density: See density of population.
primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio: The total enrolment, regardless of age,
divided by the population of the total age group defined in the national
regulations for the first and second levels of education. Education at the first
level provides the basic elements of education (e.g. at elementary school,
primary school). Education at the second level is provided at middle school,
secondary school, high school, teacher-training school at this level and schools
of a vocational or technical nature. Enrolment is at the beginning of the school or
academic year (UNESCO, 1978).

R
rate of change: The ratio of total change in a specified time reference period to the
value at the beginning of the period or at a specified earlier time reference.
When changes over a period of more than one calendar year are studied, the
mean annual rate of change may be computed. (Adapted from United Nations,
1958). See also rate of increase.
rate of increase (crude, of population): The ratio of total growth in a given period to
the mean population of that period is called the crude rate of increase. When
population increase over a period of more than one calendar year is studied, the
mean annual rate of increase may be computed (United Nations, 1958). See also
rate of change.
refugee: Any person who, owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for
reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of particular social group or
political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable to, or
owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country;
or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former
habitual residence, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.
(United Nations, 1951, and 1967).
region (geographical) : Macro geographical regions arranged according to
continents and component geographical regions used for statistical purposes by
the Population Division and Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat.
(United Nations, M/49/Rev.4).
rural population: Population which is not urban. See also urban population.

S
sex ratio: The ratio of the number of one sex to that of the other. (United Nations,
1958).
surface area: See land and water area.

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telephone lines (telephone main lines): A telephone main line connects the
subscriber’s terminal equipment to the public switched network and has a
dedicated port in the telephone exchange equipment (ITU, n.d., p. 9).
temperature, average: Average annual normals over a long (multi-year) period
(WMO, 1982).
third-level students: Education provided at university, teachers’ college, higher
professional school, which requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the
successful completion of education at the second level, or evidence of the
attainment of an equivalent level of knowledge. Enrolment is at the beginning of
the school or academic year. (UNESCO, 1978).
threatened species : Species that have been assessed and found to meet one of the
standard World Conservation Union status categories indicating threatened
status: endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate (known to be endangered,
vulnerable or rare but where there is not enough information to say which is
appropriate), insufficiently known (suspected but not definitely known to belong
to any of the above categories, because of lack of information) (World
Conservation Union, 1994, p. 20).
total fertility rate: The number of children that would be born per woman, assuming
no female mortality at child bearing ages and the age-specific fertility rates of a
specified country and reference period (United Nations, 1958, para. 634).
tourist (international): Any person who travels to a country other than that in which
s/he has his/her usual residence but outside his/her usual environment for a
period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose of visit is other than
the exercise of an activity remunerated from with the country visited, and who
stays at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the country
visited (United Nations and World Tourism Organization, 1994).
trading partner: See partner countries.

U
unemployment: All persons above a specified age who during a specified reference
period were: “without work”, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-
employment as defined under employment; “currently available for work”, i.e.
were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference
period; and “seeking work”, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent
period to seek paid employment or self-employment. In circumstances where
employment opportunities are particularly limited and where persons not
working do not have easy access to formal channels for seeking employment or
face social and cultural barriers when looking for a job, the “seeking work”
criterion should be relaxed. (ILO, 2000)
United Nations membership: The original Members of the United Nations are the
States which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on
International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the
Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, signed the Charter and ratified
it in accordance with Article 110. Membership in the United Nations is open to
all other peace-loving States which accept the obligations contained in the
Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry
out these obligations. The admission of any such State to membership in the
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233
United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the
recommendation of the Security Council (United Nations, 1945).
Urban agglomeration: Comprises a city or town proper and also the suburban fringe
or thickly settled territory lying outside, but adjacent to, its boundaries. A single
large urban agglomeration may comprise several cities or towns and their
suburban fringes (United Nations, 1998, para. 2.51).
Urban population: Because of national differences in the characteristics that
distinguish urban from rural areas, the distinction between urban and rural
population is not amenable to a single definition that would be applicable to all
countries. National definitions are most commonly based on size of locality
(United Nations, 1998).

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wup2007/2007urban_agglo.htm.
[14] __________, Urban and Rural Areas, 2007, Wall Chart, available at
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ wup2007/2007wup.htm.
[15] __________, World Population Prospects. The 2006 Revision, CD-ROM
Edition, Extended Dataset, New York, 2007 (ST/ESA/SER.A/266, United Nations
publication, biennial), available at
http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm.
[16] United Nations Statistics Division, Commodity Trade Statistics Database
(COMTRADE), available at http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx.

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[17] __________, Demographic Yearbook (Series R, United Nations publication).
See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm.
[18] __________, Energy Statistics Yearbook (Series J, United Nations
publication).
[19] __________, International Trade Statistics Yearbook (Series G, United
Nations publication).
[20] __________, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (Series Q, United Nations
publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs/.
[21] __________, National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates
(Series X, United Nations publication). See also
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp for a list of files (data upload:
September 2008) and http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/estimationProcess.asp
for the metadata.
[22] __________, National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggregates and Detailed
Tables, (Series X, United Nations publication).
[23] United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, UNWTO
statistics database and the Yearbook of Tourism Statistics. See also
http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/menu.html.
[24] United Nations, Terminology Bulletin No. 347, Rev. 1 (United Nations
publication, 1997) and corrigendum 1. See also
http://www.un.org/Overview/unmember.html
[25] World Conservation Union, The 2008 Review of the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species, available at http://www.redlist.org/.
[26] World Meteorological Organization, at http://www.worldweather.org/

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Index of indicator notes and definitions
Agricultural production index ........................................................................... 219, 227
Balance of payments, current account ..................................................... 219, 227, 228
Carbon dioxide emission estimates ................................................................. 219, 228
Consumer price index ....................................................................................... 219, 228
Contraceptive prevalence ................................................................................. 219, 228
Currency ............................................................................................................ 220, 228
Employment in agricultural sector ............................................................................ 220
Employment in industrial sector ............................................................................... 220
Energy consumption .......................................................................................... 220, 229
Exchange rate.................................................................................................... 220, 229
Exports....................................................................................................... 223, 226, 229
Food production index ....................................................................................... 220, 227
Forested area ............................................................................................................ 220
Government education expenditure ................................................................. 220, 230
Gross domestic product (GDP) .......................................................................... 221, 230
Gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita) ............................................... 221
Gross fixed capital formation ........................................................................... 221, 230
Gross national income (GNI) ..................................................................................... 230
Gross national income per capita (GNI per capita) .................................................. 221
Growth rate of GDP at constant prices 1990 prices ................................................ 222
Imports ...................................................................................................... 223, 226, 230
Industrial production index ............................................................................... 222, 231
Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) .............................................. 222, 225, 231
Intentional homicides ....................................................................................... 222, 230
International migrant stock....................................................................................... 222
Internet users per 100 inhabitants ........................................................................... 222
Labour force participation rate ......................................................................... 223, 231
Largest urban agglomeration............................................................................ 223, 234
Life expectancy at birth ............................................................................ 223, 225, 231
Major trading partners .............................................................................................. 223
Mean temperature °C ............................................................................................... 223
Mean total rainfall .................................................................................................... 223
Newspapers ...................................................................................................... 223, 228
Parliamentary seats .................................................................................................. 224
Population aged 0-14 years .............................................................................. 224, 225
Population aged 60 years and over .................................................................. 224, 225
Population density..................................................................................... 224, 228, 232
Population growth rate ..................................................................................... 224, 225
Population projections .............................................................................................. 224
Primary energy production ........................................................................................ 224
Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratios....................................................... 224, 232
Refugees ........................................................................................................... 224, 232
Region ............................................................................................................... 225, 232
Rural population growth rate.................................................................................... 225
Sex ratio ............................................................................................................ 225, 232
Social indicators........................................................................................................ 225
Surface area .............................................................................................................. 225
Third-level students .......................................................................................... 225, 233
Threatened species ........................................................................................... 225, 233
Total fertility rate .............................................................................................. 225, 233

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Total telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants..................................................... 226
Total trade ................................................................................................................. 226
Tourist arrivals .......................................................................................................... 226
Unemployment .................................................................................................. 226, 233
United Nations membership ............................................................................. 226, 233
Urban population (%) ........................................................................................ 226, 234
Urban population growth rate .................................................................................. 226

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United Nations statistical publications

For more information about the publications prepared by the UN Statistics


Division, visit http://unstats.un.org/unsd/pubs/ or contact the Division at:

Director, Statistics Division


United Nations
New York, NY 10017
United States of America
Fax: +1-212-963-9851
E-mail: statistics@un.org
http://unstats.un.org/unsd

To order publications, visit https://unp.un.org/ or contact:

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Fax: 1-212-963-3489
E-mail: publications@un.org

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