Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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The Lloyds Bank Plc/IFRC Franchising in
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Britain series comprised 3 volumes:
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1 Prospective Franchisees, (Hatcliffe,
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Mills, Purdy & Stanworth), 1995
Against this backdrop, the IFRC was 1 Fifth Annual Strategy Seminar:
established in 1993 by Professor John Breaking Out Of The Home Market,
Stanworth (Director of the Future of Work (Stanworth & Purdy, Eds., papers by
Research Group at the University of McCosker, Scott, Hoy & Harris), 1998
Westminster), supported by Brian Smith (ex-
BFA Chairman, franchisee, franchisor and 2 Franchising: The Gender Dimension,
author), and Chair of its Steering Group. (Nunn, Purdy, Stanworth & Hatcliffe),
1998
FOUNDER MEMBERS
Web versions
Founder members and sponsors included:
Barclays Bank, the British Franchise The above reports are now available online,
Association (BFA), Dyno-Rod, Franchise in Acrobat format, published January 2011,
Development Services Ltd., Lloyds Bank via http://www.scribd.com/SME_Research
(now Lloyds Banking Group), Mail Boxes
Etc., Midland Bank (now HSBC), Prontaprint, LIABILITY DISCLAIMER
Rosemary Conley Diet & Fitness Clubs,
Royal Bank of Scotland, The Swinton Group, The information and analysis in each report
and Wragge & Co. is offered in good faith. However, neither the
publishers, the project sponsors, nor the
author/s, accept any liability for losses or
damages which could arise for those who
choose to act upon the information or
analysis contained herein.
International Franchise Research Centre Lloyds Bank Franchising In Britain - Web Versions 2011 p.1
OTHER PUBLICATIONS 14 Direct Selling: Its Location in a
Franchise Typology, 1999
The IFRC published extensively, including
journal articles, book chapters, conference 15 Unravelling the Evidence on
papers and a Special Studies Series (also Franchise System Survivability, 1999
available via http://www.scribd.com/
SME_Research): 16 Survey: Professional Services For
Franchising In The U.K., 2001
1 The Blenheim/University of
Westminster Franchise Survey: Spring ACADEMIC LINKS
1993, 1993
Close links were fostered with universities in
2 Improving Small Business Survival Rome and Pisa (Italy), Haute Alsace
Rates via Franchising: The Role of the (France) and Boston, Minneapolis and
Banks in Europe, 1993 Texas (USA), with a view to research
collaboration. Professor Pat Kaufmann of
3 Targeting Potential Franchisees: Atlanta, Georgia, addressed our inaugural
Industry Sector Backgrounds and annual strategy seminar, in 1994. Overseas
Declared Areas of Interest, 1994 speakers in subsequent years included
Cheryl Babcock, Director of the Franchising
4 The Impact of Franchising on the Institute, University of St. Thomas,
Development Prospects of Small & Minneapolis (1995), Professor Rajiv Dant,
Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in University of Boston (1996), Professor
Europe, 1994 Francine Lafontaine, University of Michigan
(1997), Professor Claude Nègre, University
5 The Blenheim/University of of Haute Alsace (1997), Colin McCosker,
Westminster Franchise Survey: A University of Southern Queensland (1998),
Comparison of UK and US Data, 1995 Professor Frank Hoy, University of Texas at
El Paso (1998), Professor Jack Nevin,
6 Developing a Diagnostic University of Wisconsin-Madison (1999),
Questionnaire as an Aid to Franchisee Professor Tom Wotruba, San Diego State
Selection, 1995 University (1999), Professor Bruce Walker,
University of Missouri, (2000), and,
7 Franchising as a Source of Professor Wilke English, University of Mary
Technology-transfer to Developing Hardin-Baylor (2000).
Economies, 1995
IFRC members were active supporters of the
8 Aspects of Franchisee Recruitment, International Society of Franchising, and
1996 hosted the ISoF 2005 conference in London.
International Franchise Research Centre Lloyds Bank Franchising In Britain - Web Versions 2011 p.2
AUTHORS LLOYDS BANK PLC/IFRC
FRANCHISING IN BRITAIN REPORTS
Michele Nunn is currently undertaking a
Ph.D in franchising with the IFRC. She is also The Lloyds Bank Plc/IFRC report comprises 3
a director of several companies involved in constituent issues each year, focusing upon
franchising and new ways of working. franchisors, franchisees and franchising more
broadly. This issue focuses upon franchisee
Professor John Stanworth is director of the perceptions and barriers to success. The
International Franchise Research Centre analysis derives from primary research
and has been engaged in research into undertaken with three established UK
franchising since the mid-1970's. He also franchise systems in late 1997/early 1998.
leads the Future of Work Research Group,
based at the University of Westminster, which
has a record of specialist research in INTERNATIONAL FRANCHISE RESEARCH
Teleworking, Small Business Development CENTRE
and Human Resource Management. Studies
have been undertaken for many clients, The International Franchise Research Centre
including the Department of Trade and (IFRC) is committed to improving the
Industry, The Department for Education, The understanding of franchising. This is achieved
Economic & Social Research Council and by the publication of impartial research and
various commercial organisations. by the encouragement of informed debate.
Membership is suitable for anyone with an
David Purdy is a researcher supporting the interest in franchising and further details are
Future of Work Research Group and its available from the address on the rear cover.
interest in franchising. He has also
specialised in small business research since
1985, and publications include authorship of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
'Risk Capital for Small Firms', commissioned
by the Small Business Research Trust. He The International Franchise Research Centre
has also co-authored studies investigating is particularly pleased to acknowledge the
Small Business Management Development generous support provided by Lloyds Bank
and Teleworking. Plc in sponsoring the research, analysis and
presentation of this report. However, it is
John Thomas is a freelance researcher. He important to note that any opinions expressed
gained experience in franchising research in this publication are not necessarily those of
during his term at the British Franchise Lloyds Bank Plc.
Association.
Finally, we wish also to acknowledge the
Mark Hatcliffe is National Franchise support of the participating firms, without
Manager for Lloyds Bank Plc, based at their whom the survey would not have been
UK Retail Banking Headquarters in Bristol. possible.
He is responsible for their strategic
development in franchising.
■ 43% of respondents employed no full- ■ Regarding the use of support groups and/
time staff and 38% of respondents or networks for their business venture,
employed no part-time staff. the most common source was close
friends, at 36%, followed by the
■ 45% of respondents had some form of respondent’s franchisee association at
contact with their franchisor on at least a 27%.
weekly basis. 78% had contact at least
once each month. ■ The most frequently mentioned source of
advice used prior to the venture was the
■ A large percentage of respondents came franchisor, followed by fellow franchisees
from small business backgrounds with and then bankers.
family members and relations who also
had owned their own businesses (38% ■ The greatest fear held by the sample at
fathers and 29% uncles). the start of the venture was that of
financial failure.
■ 'Independence' and being 'your own boss'
were regarded as the best aspects of ■ Simplification of the procedure for VAT
being a franchisee. registration/administration (mainly
relating to franchisees with turnovers
■ 'Paying fees' and 'having to be VAT below the VAT threshold) and higher
registered' were cited as the worst levels of franchisor contact were some of
aspects of being a franchisee. the most frequently cited changes
recommended to make franchising easier
for franchisees in the future.
Managerial 39%
Professional 24%
Clerical/Administrative 14%
Other/Unemployed 14%
Student 3%
Supervisory 3%
No 72%
Yes 27%
Proportion of Sample
No 36%
Yes 32%
Proportion of Sample
Figure 2 shows that a substantial majority of encouraging for the industry. A large
respondents (72%) were not doing so proportion (36%) of franchisees claimed that
immediately prior to their current venture. As they would not be in business on their own
39% of respondents had prior managerial account if it were not for the opportunity
experience of some kind, either franchisee created by the franchising start-up route.
recruitment practices favour this Responses to the question "Would you be in
characteristic or, alternatively, people with a business on your own account if it were not
managerial background are more attracted for franchising ?", are almost equally
to franchising. distributed between "Yes", "No", and "Don't
Know".
ATTRACTION OF FRANCHISING
To give a clearer picture of the samples'
As Figure 3 indicates, franchising was a motivation for becoming franchisees,
major factor in encouraging respondents to respondents were asked to identify the main
set up their own businesses, which is most catalyst which prompted them to become
Other 14%
Early retirement 3%
Dismissed 3%
Divorce/relationship split 1%
Inherited money 1%
29%
23%
21%
Proportion
of Sample
14%
12%
Less than 1 year 1-2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years 11 or more
involved in their present venture. The most Without in-depth interviewing, it is difficult to
popular response (Figure 4) was as a result to say precisely how many of our sample
of job frustration in their previous career were 'pushed' into taking up franchises and
(30%), followed by an interest in the particular how many were 'pulled'. For instance, we do
area of business they are currently engaged not know how many of those mentioning 'job
in (23%). frustration' in their previous occupation may
have actually been experiencing job
14% of the respondents claimed that they insecurity also, and the threat of
were motivated by other factors. 'Other' unemployment. Against that, some of those
usually referred to a particular change in who went into franchising only after being
circumstances or critical instances, (e.g. dismissed from their previous job, or having
selling a previous business or starting a been made redundant, may have been
second career after bringing up children). nurturing a long-term dream or aspiration for
being their own boss. Thus, it appears that
Approximately 1 in 8 were propelled into there was evidence of both 'pull' and 'push'
franchising by redundancy from their previous factors at work and, in some cases, they were
occupation. Another 3% claimed to have probably present at one and the same time in
been 'dismissed', thus raising the figure to given respondents' individual situations.
around 1 in 7.
DURATION OF CURRENT VENTURE
There has been much debate in recent years
concerning what are called the 'pull/push' Figure 5 shows that 29% of respondents had
effects of entry into small business ownership owned their current franchised outlet for
and self-employment. Some people are between 3 and 5 years. 21% of respondents
obviously very positively motivated to become were well established, having been
their own boss and here the attraction is franchisees for 11 years or more, though for
essentially of a 'pull' nature. Other people, some their current venture may not have
however, are more driven by constraints or been their first franchised business.
reductions in employment options in the wider
labour market and may be said to be largely
'pushed' into self-employment.
43%
29%
Proportion
of Sample
17%
6%
3%
49%
38%
Proportion
of Sample
7%
1% 1%
Weekly 45%
Fortnightly 12%
Monthly 21%
Quarterly 11%
6 monthly 3%
9 monthly 2%
Proportion of Sample
Father 38%
Uncle 29%
Grandfather 27%
Brother 18%
Mother 12%
Sister 8%
Grandmother 7%
21%
21%
16%
14%
14%
Proportion
of Sample
5%
tends to vary greatly. Also, 9% of the sample most frequent being 'paying fees' and 'having
did not provide a response to the to be VAT registered'. These issues will be
corresponding question, and some of these considered later in this report.
are likely to have had no formal qualifications.
Thus the 'typical' franchisee tends to come SOURCES OF FINANCE
from a vocational background, but without
possessing higher education certificates. The sample were asked what sources of
However, approximately a third did have a finance were utilised during the start-up
'higher education' qualification. phase of their current franchise (Figure 12).
The percentages show the proportion of
After having examined the profile of this finance obtained from each source across all
franchisee sample, the research and analysis respondents. There was a marked variation in
was then geared towards, amongst other the mix of finance used, although the sources
things, identifying areas of concern and of and amounts of finance are related to the
problems experienced by franchisees in their required investment levels and the socio-
current venture. Some of the findings are economic profile of the sample.
highlighted below.
The main sources were personal savings
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF (57%) and bank finance (48%), and whilst no
FRANCHISING respondents reported the use of a franchisor
scheme, it must be borne in mind that the
The sample were asked an open-ended survey deliberately involves only a small
question on what they most liked about number of franchise systems.
franchising. The most frequent answers were
'independence' and being 'your own boss', The vast majority of the respondents used
factors that are often quoted as major either one or two sources of finance as an
advantages gained from running any form of initial foundation for their franchise (Figure
small business. The franchisees were also 13).
asked, again on an open-ended basis, what
they least liked about franchising. Some
industry specific dislikes were cited here, the
Home mortgage 6%
Following on the theme of finance, the The franchisee sample was first asked
research went on to analyse the samples whether they remained with the bank that
ongoing relationships with their banks and they were using prior to the start-up of their
their perceptions of the services offered by current venture. Figure 14 shows that
45%
40%
Proportion
of Sample
11%
0% 1%
1 Source used 2 Sources used 3 Sources used 4 Sources used 5 Sources used
Yes 55%
No 43%
Proportion of Sample
although the majority of respondents (55%) with their local bank. Figures 16 and 17 show
affirmed that they did not change their that most respondents were favourably
banking arrange-ments, 43% claimed that impressed by the franchise knowledge-base
they had indeed changed banks. It is of their banks. There were large differences in
encouraging that these franchisees clearly the proportions who felt that their banks knew
shopped around to find the banking more about franchising than they did other
arrangements most suited to their business forms and those who felt their banks
requirements. Although the banking sector knew less.
may be concerned at the low loyalty rates
manifested, it is possible that the franchisees In the case of banks at 'branch' level, 33%
may simply have preferred to keep their said that their banks know 'more', against
business and personal banking apart. 17% saying 'less'. For banks at 'central' level,
40% said that banks knew 'more', against
Figure 15 illustrates that 56% of respondents only 9% saying they knew 'less'. Thus, the
believed clearing banks were sympathetic to picture here looks quite promising and the
franchising, though a fifth of respondents banks can feel quite pleased with their
were apprehensive about them. performance.
Yes 56%
No 20%
Proportion of Sample
49%
Proportion
27%
of Sample
12%
5% 6%
Totally in the dark Not much No more or less than other Quite a lot Very high level
businesses
43%
30%
Proportion
of Sample
10%
6%
3%
Totally in the dark Not much No more or less than Quite a lot Very high level
other businesses
42%
36%
Proportion
of Sample
17%
Less than fee About the same as fee Greater than fee
Bankers 29%
Accountants 25%
Mentor 11%
Other 8%
Fellow entrepreneurs 7%
Lawyers 5%
Chamber of Commerce 8%
Business Link 8%
Social Groups 5%
Trade association 3%
Community Groups 2%
Financial 75%
Psychic 10%
Family 8%
Social 2%
The sample were also asked the open-ended The wording used in the figures (charts) is
question of what, in their experience, they usually an abbreviated version of the original
would change in order to make things easier text. However, the exact wording can be
for franchisees in the future. The procedure found in the survey questionnaire, appended.
1 Is your present business your first 4a Would you be in business on your own
entrepreneurial venture ? account if it were not for franchising ?
Yes.............................................................................................. ❏A
No............................................................................ ❏B Yes .......................................................................... ❏A
No............................................................................ ❏B
1a If No, which venture is it ? Don’t know .............................................................. ❏C
2nd.......................................................................... ❏A
3rd .......................................................................... ❏B 5 Please rate the following in terms of their influence
4th .......................................................................... ❏C upon you before becoming involved in your
More........................................................................ ❏D present venture. 1=Extremely Important, 2=Important
3= Neither Important or Unimportant 4=Unimportant,
2 What was your occupation immediately 5=Extremely Unimportant
prior to your present venture ? ......................................................1 2 3 4 5
Personal achievement.................... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ A
Professional ............................................................ ❏A Job satisfaction ............................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ B
Managerial .............................................................. ❏B Opportunity ( Free Enterprise ) ...... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ C
Supervisory.............................................................. ❏C Status/Prestige.............................. ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ D
Clerical/Administrative ............................................ ❏D Independence................................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ E
Manual .................................................................... ❏E Power............................................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ F
Unemployed ............................................................ ❏F Money (Wealth).............................. ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ G
Student.................................................................... ❏G Economic Security ........................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ H
Retired .................................................................... ❏H Flexibility to fit with
Other (please state) __________________________ ❏I domestic commitments ................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ I
Lifestyle ........................................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ J
3 Did you have prior relevant experience in Peer Recognition............................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ K
the field of your present franchise ? Something to leave to children ...... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ L
Other (please state) ...................... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ M
Yes .......................................................................... ❏A __________________________________________
No............................................................................ ❏B
5a How important are these issues to you now ?
4 What was main catalyst which prompted you to 1=Extremely Important,2=Important
become involved in your present franchise ? 3= Neither Important or Unimportant 4=Unimportant,
5=Extremely Unimportant
Made redundant ...................................................... A ❏ ......................................................1 2 3 4 5
Early retired ............................................................ B ❏ Personal achievement .................. ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ A
Dismissed................................................................ C ❏ Job satisfaction ............................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ B
Job frustration ........................................................ D ❏ Opportunity (Free Enterprise) ........ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ C
Children became older/left home ............................ E ❏ Status/Prestige.............................. ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ D
Inherited money ...................................................... F ❏ Independence................................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ E
Inherited franchise .................................................. G ❏ Power............................................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ F
Interested in the area of business............................ H ❏ Money ( Wealth ) .......................... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ G
Change or threatened change in spouses Economic Security ........................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ H
employment circumstances .................................... I ❏ Flexibility to fit with
Divorce/relationship split.......................................... J ❏ domestic commitments ................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ I
Other (please state) .................................................. K ❏ Lifestyle........................................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ J
____________________________________________ Peer Recognition .......................... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ K
____________________________________________ Something to leave to children...... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ L
____________________________________________ Other (please state) ...................... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ M
____________________________________________ __________________________________________
____________________________________________ __________________________________________
1 2 3 4 5
6 What do you most like about franchising ? 8c My business: ........................................
__________________________________________ Is just what I do to make a living ........ ❏❏❏❏❏ A
__________________________________________ Is an intrinsic part of my total life plan .... ❏❏❏❏❏ B
Provides me with the domestic
7 What do you least like about franchising ? flexibility I need .................................... ❏❏❏❏❏ C
__________________________________________
__________________________________________ 9 Running a franchised outlet is like:
( please tick the answer which most accurately
8a Please indicate your level of agreement with the describes your feelings )
following statements
1=Strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=neither agree or disagree Running your own independent small business....... ❏A
4=disagree, 5= strongly disagree Running your own independent business,
Buying a franchise: but with a few more strings attached. .................... ❏B
......................................................1 2 3 4 5 Half-way between running your own
Enabled me to get into independent small business and running
business faster.............................. ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ A a managed outlet of a large company .................... ❏C
Reduced the likelihood Running a managed outlet of a large
of my business failing .................. ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ B company, but with fewer strings attached .............. ❏D
Provides a sufficient amount Running a managed outlet
of commercial independence........ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ C of a large company. ................................................ ❏E
Enabled me to become a
respected member of 10 Which of the following most accurately describes
the small business community...... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ D your decision process before going into franchising ?
Allowed me to start a business
which otherwise I would Chose the type of industr y, then the
not have done .............................. ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ E franchising route. .................................................. ❏A
Has meant that my home Chose the franchising route, then
life has suffered............................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ F the type of industry. .............................................. ❏B
Provides a known tradename........ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ G Industry type and the franchise route
Allowed me to enter a line of were equally important. .......................................... ❏C
work which otherwise would Chose a particular franchise. .................................. ❏D
have been closed to me. .............. ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ H
Meant all the training I needed 11 When originally taking a franchise, by
was provided ................................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ I way of prior research, did you ?
Helped me to avoid problems ....................................................................Yes No
I may have encountered alone ...... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ J Attend a franchise exhibition ............................ ❏ ❏A
Provides a proven business Read franchise magazines ................................ ❏ ❏B
❏❏ ❏ ❏❏
system.......................................... K Read books on franchising ................................ ❏ ❏C
Gives independence and the Read about franchising in newspapers .............. ❏ ❏D
chance to be your own boss.......... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏❏ L Other (please state) ______________________ ❏E
8b In my business I: 11a Did you become aware of your franchise by:
Need to let everyone (PLEASE TICK ALL THAT APPLY)
know who’s boss .......................... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ A
Try to involve everyone Working for it .......................................................... ❏A
when an important Using it .................................................................... ❏B
decision needs to be made .......... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ B Other (please state) ________________________ ❏C
Believe the general
business environment 12 Which best describes your ‘official’ role in your
to be out of my control.................. ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ C franchise ? At Formation Currently
Gauge success by how much Sole Franchisee.............................................. ❏ ❏A
money I make .............................. ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ D Joint franchisee with
Plan to accommodate domestic friend(s)/associate(s)...................................... ❏ ❏B
commitments................................ ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ E Joint franchisee which spouse(s) .................. ❏ ❏C
Delegate responsibility as Joint franchisee with relative(s)...................... ❏ ❏D
much as possible.......................... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ F Provided moral support.................................. ❏ ❏E
Measure progress by Provided financial investment ........................ ❏ ❏F
how much I learn.......................... ❏❏ ❏ ❏❏ G Not involved .................................................. ❏ ❏G
Other (please state ) __________________ ❏ ❏H
13 Please mark the statement which best describes your 19 How much understanding do you think banks have of
position in the day to day management of the franchising ?
franchise. (Please tick just one answer in each case)
Chief manager or executive officer .......................... ❏ A 1=A very high level. 2=Quite a lot.
Share management 3=No more or less than any other type of business.
responsibilities with others equally .......................... ❏ B 4=Not much. 5=Totally in the dark.
Help manage, but report to others............................ ❏ C ............................................................1 2 3 4 5
Do not take any active a) At Branch level .............................. ❏❏❏❏❏ A
part in management ................................................ ❏ D b) At central level .............................. ❏❏❏❏❏ B
Other (please state) ________________________ ❏ E
____________________________________________ 20 How long is it since you purchased your (first)
franchised outlet ?
14 What is the current legal form of your business ?
Less than 1 year ...................................................... ❏A
Sole Trader .............................................................. ❏A 1 - 2 Years................................................................ ❏B
Partnership .............................................................. ❏B 3 - 5 Years................................................................ ❏C
Limited Company .................................................... ❏C 6 -10 Years .............................................................. ❏D
Co-operative............................................................ ❏D 11 Years or more...................................................... ❏E
Other (please state).................................................. ❏E
21 How many outlets do you have?
15 Do you have a controlling interest in your business ?
(Greater than 50% ) ❏A
One ..........................................................................
Two..........................................................................❏B
Yes .......................................................................... ❏A Three........................................................................❏C
No............................................................................ ❏B Four or more ............................................................ ❏D
16 What were your sources for financing your franchise 22 How many members of staff do you employ ?
during start up ? Please list for each categor y, although there may be some
(Please give rough percentages which add up to a total of duplication.
100%) 1=Full-time ( >30 hrs/week )
2=Part-time (<30 hrs/week )
Personal Savings ______________________________ A 3=Family
Funds from family/friends ______________________ B ..............................................................1 2 3
5 - 9 ....................................................❏ ❏ ❏ C
Home mortgage ____________________________ E
Bank finance ______________________________ F
Franchisor finance scheme ____________________ G 10 -19 ..................................................❏ ❏ ❏ D
Other (please state) __________________________ H 20 -49 ..................................................❏ ❏ ❏ E
50 -99 ..................................................❏ ❏ ❏ F
100 + ..................................................❏ ❏ ❏ G
17 Did you stay with the bank you already had ?
Yes .......................................................................... ❏A
No .......................................................................... ❏B 23 Please can you estimate the gross turnover
(in £’000s) of your franchise ?
18 Do you think banks are sympathetic to franchising
1=This Year, 2= Next Year,3=Last Year
Yes ........................................................................ ❏A ..............................................................1 2 3
No .......................................................................... ❏B Less than £30,000................................ ❏ ❏ ❏A
❏C
£30,000 - £99,999 ..............................❏ ❏ ❏ B
Don’t Know ..............................................................
34 Which of the following were your ‘top three’ 39 While growing up, with whom do you feel you
sources of buisness guidance before taking up your had the closest relationship ?
franchise ?
(please tick three options only) Mother...................................................................... ❏A
Franchisor................................................................ ❏A Father ......................................................................❏B
Bankers.................................................................... ❏B Neither .................................................................... ❏C
Mentor .................................................................... ❏C ❏D
Both..........................................................................
Experts in their fields................................................ ❏D
Fellow franchisees.................................................... ❏E 40 Of your family members, whose personality bears
Fellow entrepreneurs................................................ ❏F closest similarity to yourself ?
Lawyers .................................................................. ❏G
Accountants ............................................................ ❏H Mother...................................................................... ❏A
Suppliers.................................................................. ❏I Father ......................................................................❏B
Other industry associates ........................................ ❏J Neither .................................................................... ❏C
Other (please state) ________________________ ❏H ❏D
Both..........................................................................
Please rate yourself on the following 41 In the sequence of births of any sisters/brothers
35 management skills where were you born (i.e. if you were one of three
1=poor. 2=fair. 3=good. 4=very good. 5=excellent children and the eldest tick 1)
............................................................1 2 3 4 5
Finance.............................................. ❏❏❏❏❏ A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+
Dealing with staff .............................. ❏❏❏❏❏ B ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏
Marketing/sales ................................ ❏❏❏❏❏ C
Business operations .......................... ❏❏❏❏❏ D 41a Please give the number of your brothers
Organising & planning........................ ❏❏❏❏❏ E 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Older ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏
Younger ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏
36 In each case please tick the number that you feel best
describes your personality characteristics, on the 41b Please give the number of your sisters
scale from left to right 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Older ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏
1 2 3 4 5 Younger ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏
Passive ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Energetic
Affiliative ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Independent
Non-competitive ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Competitive
Private ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Social
Realistic ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Idealistic
Unsure ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Self-confident
Tolerant ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Perfectionist
Relaxed ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Anxious
Rigid ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Flexible
Uncertain ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Goal Oriented
Specialist ❏❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ Generalist
42 Please state whether any of the following family 46 Age
members had their own business before you became
involved in your current venture. Under 25.................................................................. ❏A
(please tick all that apply) 25 - 34.................................................................... ❏B
35 - 44.................................................................... ❏C
Father...................................................................... A ❏ 45 - 54.................................................................... ❏D
Mother .................................................................... B ❏ 55 - 64.................................................................... ❏E
......................................1 2 3 4 5 6 Over 65.................................................................... ❏F
Brother.......................... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ C ❏ ❏
Sister .......................... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ D ❏ ❏ 47 Gender
Uncle ............................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ E ❏ ❏
Aunt ............................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ F ❏ ❏ Male ........................................................................ ❏A
Grandfather .................. ❏ ❏ G Female .................................................................... ❏B
Grandmother ................ ❏ ❏ H
43 What do perceive your social class to have been when 48 Finally, thank you for helping with our research.
you were growing up and now ? If you would be willing to take in a follow up study,
......................................................................Growing Up Now please complete the following.
Lower ............................................................ ❏ ❏ A
Upper Lower .................................................. ❏ ❏ B Dr/Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms ( Delete as appropriate)
Lower Middle ................................................ ❏ ❏ C Surname ______________________________________
Middle............................................................ ❏ ❏ D First name ____________________________________
Upper Middle.................................................. ❏ ❏ E Address ______________________________________
Upper ............................................................ ❏ ❏ F ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
44 Current annual gross income from all sources ? ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
.................................................. You Spouse/Partner ______________________________________________
No income................................................ ❏ ❏ A ______________________________________________
£ 9999 or less.......................................... ❏ ❏ B Daytime telephone no: ________________________
£10,000 - £19,999 .................................. ❏ ❏ C
£20,000 - £29,999 .................................. ❏ ❏ D
£30,000 - £39,999 .................................. ❏ ❏ E
£40,000 - £49,999 .................................. ❏ ❏ F © University of Westminster, 1997
Over £50,000 .......................................... ❏ ❏ G MLN/10/1
Re-set DP 20-Nov-2003
45 Highest Qualification Obtained Vol_3_2_Questionnaire.p65
................................................................................
Spouse/
..............................................................................You Partner Mother Father
GCSE ............................................ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ A
A Level.......................................... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ B
HNC/HND ...................................... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ C
Degree .......................................... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ D
Postgraduate Degree .................... ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ E
Professional Qualification ............ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ F