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If someone asking you how do you would recognize solution to your problem,
could you just simply answer the question? Or you would ask for time to answer the
question? While during the process of finding solutions to your problems, that would
include a meta ethical problems such as µwhat is justice?¶ will come across your mind
and that will make you more critical in thinking before you voice out or carry out your
solution. So, what is meant by Meta ethical actually? According to New World
Encyclopedia, Meta Ethics or sometimes known as analytic ethics, is the branch of
ethics that seek to understand the nature of ethical properties, and ethical statement,
attitudes, and judgments. In shorts, Meta Ethics is logic about the presuppositions
behind or underneath a normative ethical view or theory. On the other hand, according
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the term ³meta´ means Ê
 or , and,
consequently, the notion of Meta ethics involves a removed, or bird¶s eye view of the
entire project of ethics. We may define Meta Ethics as the study of the origin and
meaning of ethical concepts. When compared to normative ethics and applied ethics,
the field of Meta Ethics is the least precisely defined area of moral philosophy. It covers
issues from moral semantics to moral epistemology such as 
Ê
 Ê issues
concerning whether morality exists independently of humans, and
 Ê issues
concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct. There are
some aspects of Meta ethics that is important to our life. There are four major meta
ethical theories named, naturalism, emotivism, intuitionism and rationalism.

Naturalism is closely related to nature. A natural cause is a natural object or an

episode in the history of a natural object which brings about a change in some other
natural object. It is solely with reference to natural causes that we explain changes in
the behavior of natural objects. This may require reference to objects which we cannot
directly experience, but these will nevertheless still be natural objects, and we need
never go outside the system of natural objects for explanations of what takes place
within it. Reference to non-natural objects is never explanatory (Danto 1972, p. 448).
For instance, many problems in human society are often related to the interaction of
environment and behavior or genetics and behavior. If someone tries to blaming you for
something that you did not do, you will definitely fight back and make your own stand.
This is because, naturally, human would defense himself when they were accused of
something that they did not do. This nature of human also plays a critical role in
biological adaptations. Behavior is how we humans define our own lives. Behavior is
that part of human by which it interacts with its environment. If people failed to adapt
themselves with the environment, the defense mechanism of a human definitely will
bring a lot of trouble for human society. It brings the downfall of human nation.

As naturalism is related to human nature, emotivism related to human feelings or

expression of human attitudes. Emotivism affirms that moral judgments express
emotions, attitudes, feelings, favor, and values. According to Moral Philosophy.info,
emotivism falls under the non-cognitive meta-ethical theory according to which all moral
statements are mere expressions of our attitudes. Philosopher Gilbert Harman presents
emotivism as a potential theory and rejects it as an insufficient account of our sense of
moral truth. He presents the social convention theory as a feasible alternative, but his
proposal does not satisfy the criteria on which emotivism is rejected. As human is build
up with naturalism in behavior, the same goes to the way they think and feels. The
ethics of emotivism involves systemizing, defending and suggesting theories of right
and wrong behavior. According to MacIntyre, we must understand what it would look
like if it were socially embodied if we understand emotivism as an idealistic principle.
Our belief to emotivism fully affects our society because it will reflect how much we
believe in emotivism. The more we act according to our emotion, the more it will
construct our image in the society. For example, if we cannot persuade people to
achieve our own selfish goal, we would be emotional to the person. We will try to reject
any social relationship with the person. In our society, there are many other examples of
people who hold on still to their own emotion while making decision. If every people are
influence by their emotion, there will be no phrase of µunderstanding each other¶ will
exist in this world. Every human will become ego, self-centered and individualistic. If this
happens, there will be no more peace in this world.

Other than that, there is also Meta ethics theory that is intuitionism. Intuitionism is
defined as direct, non-inferential awareness of abstract objects or concrete
truths. Plato held that intuition is a superior faculty, and Spinoza supposed that intuition
is the highest sort of human knowledge. Russell
on the other hand, designated as
intuitive any unreflective instance of knowledge by acquaintance. According to
philosophy pages, in moral philosophy, intuitionism is the meta-ethical theory that moral
judgments are made by reference to a direct, non-inferential awareness of moral value.
Ethical intuitionists usually hold that we recognize our duties in the specific features of
particular moral decisions. That is mean, human are able to predict whether the action
that they take to solve any conflict or problems in their life is right or wrong. Perhaps the
reason God designed human beings to be form in such a way that being moral by
having intuition is essential condition for human to flourish when encounter problem. For
instance, whenever people know or realize that they are doing the wrong thing, they will
stop doing the things immediately if they understand the concept of morally right
according to the norms that build around them. On the other hand, if people do not have
the instinct of what is the right or wrong, they would have continue doing the bad things
that will affects the society. For example, if people do not know that killing other people
is wrong, it will be hard to survive in this world because of the atrocities done by
everyone. Everyone will live in fear. It is important to have instinct and be guided by
norms of our society to keep the harmonious situation in this world. Intuition is the
highest level of all forms of wisdom given by God to us. It is also the fundamental
capacity of human reason to comprehend the true nature of reality.

In addition to the three Meta ethics that has been mention, naturalism, emotivism
and intuitionism, one of the most important ethics that human should possessed is
rationalism. Rationalism is any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or
justification (Lacey 286). Technically, rationalism is the belief that your actions should
be based on scientific thinking rather than emotions or religious beliefs. Every person is
gifted wisdom by the God. That means every human are able to think calmly and
sensibly with consideration to other people including he himself while making
judgmental. Rape cases occurs every parts of the world and the victims include young
girl until old women. But do you ever think of the reason why people willing to wanted
the immature girl ages from 1 year old until 12 years old? Little girl ages from 1 year old
until 12 years old are so innocent. They do not know if people are abusing them. All
they know is the pain they feel inside as the result of being raped. They are also not
physically matured and they still small kids. So, is it logic enough for a rapist to rape
young girls that do not know anything? As people have intuition and according to norm,
raping is wrong, people should act by comparing the pros and cons benefits of the
action. As a result, patterns of behavior will develop within the society those results
whether in good or bad result from those choices. In raping cases, the rapist should
realist that a little simplification of what they are going to do would be the first step
toward rational living that will guarantee healthy life without uncontrolled wrong desire. A
society with the practice of rationalism ethics will have good social relationship among
themselves and with others. Everything that they wanted to do will be considered the
pros and cons without neglecting their own priority or other priority.

According to my personal view, the four main ethics is very important and should
be possessed by every human. Naturalism, emotivism, intuitionism and rationalism
helps leads us to a better quality of personality. Meta- ethics takes on a more realistic
duty, which is to arrive at moral customary that control right and wrong conduct. This
may involve expressing the good habits that we should attain, the task that we should
follow, or the outcomes of our behavior on others. as ethics is logic about the
presuppositions behind or underneath a normative ethical view or theory. For example,
the issue of abortion is a sensible ethical since it engages a specific type of notorious
behavior. When we were in the position of a girl who gets pregnant at underage, we will
be indecisive whether to continue the pregnancy or to abort it. This is because of the
negative perceptions of the society for a girl who were pregnant at early age. But if we
walk on the girl shoes, we also might have been to choose abortion as the most
appropriate way to save ourselves from people¶s negative reaction after considering on
the consequences of pregnancy at early age. That is why abortion sometimes
considered as sensible thing to do. but technically, it depends on more general
normative principles, such as the right of self-rule and the right to life, which are litmus
tests for determining the morality of that procedure. The issue also rests on meta-ethical
issues such as, ³where do rights come from?´ and ³what kind of beings has rights?´. In
my opinion, people will do something that they think is true, although they have no proof
even though they know what norms are and what is right or wrong. Meta Ethics is the
things that are considered morally right according to the norms of a society. If the
society develops morally right by guidance of the ethics of naturalism, emotivism,
intuitionism and rationalism, I am very sure that there will be a well structure of human
development that will guarantee the truly peace and harmonious world.

In conclusion, the moral development of human started from the naturalism of

human behavior itself, the norms, society and also environment around them. The
characteristics of the human naturalism that occurs within and around human itself will
affects their emotion whether their behavior is being accepted or being critics by the
society. When their behavior are emotionally influence, the decision or they way they
choose to solve their problems will be affected by their intuition. This is because, when
people think, they will have to think the pros and cons of the things that they are going
to do. in this process of analyzing their problems, there will be occurrence of the value
of rationality in them. In addition to that, the society also has to analyze the problem
while watching others making mistakes. They have to consider the pros and cons of the
act of a person and try to put themselves in the person shoes and think of what will the
resolution would be to the problems. There must be no lacking of one of the four ethics
in ones. This is because all of the four ethics is very essential to human development. If
ones and society practices the four ethics, there will be more understanding of moral
development human nature.