Historical Chronology of Jammu

and Kashmir State

App.
3000 Kashmir clan is named in Mahabharata.
B.C.:
2629-
2564 Rule by King Sandiman.
B.C.:
2082-
2041 Rule by King Sunder Sen rules Kashmir.
B.C.:
1048-
1008 King Nara rules Kashmir.
B.C.:
Shrinagari (today's Srinagar is located about
250 three miles from Shrinagari) near the ancient
B.C.: capital Pandhrenatha is founded by Ashoka the
Great.
7th King Lalitaditya builds the famous Sun temple
century: and formed the city of Pharihaspura.
Pampore was founded by Padma, during the
813-850:
rule of King Ajatapida
King Avantivarman builds the town of
855-883:
Avantipur and the famous Sun temple.
King Shankaravarman builds Shankarapura-
883-902:
pattan (now known as Pattan).
1128-
Reign of King Jayasim.
1149:
mid-
Muslim invasion of Kashmir.
12th:
Turks, under ferocious Zulkadur Khan, first
1322
invade Kashmir.
Central Asian ruler, Sikander invades Kashmir
1394- and brings about mass conversion to Islam.
1416: After the tyranny of Sikander was over, only
eleven Kashmiri Hindu families survive.
1540: Mirz Haidar, a relative of Humayun (of the
Moghul invader dynasty) conquers Kashmir.
 Kashmir gradually absorbed into Moghul
Empire.
Maharajah Ranjit Singh, one of the greatest
1810- rulers of India, regains Jammu and appointed
1820: his Dogra feudatory Gulab Singh to rule the
State.
The present State is created by a treaty
Mar 16, between the British East India Company acting
1846: on behalf of the British Government and
Maharajah Gulab Singh in Amritsar.
One of the worst communal riots led by Sheikh
1931:
Abdullah and his Muslim Conference.
Muslim Conference becomes the National
1939:
Conference.
India gains independence. The ruler of
Aug 15,
Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh yet to make up
1947:
his mind regarding accession.
Pakistan violates the Standstill Agreement by
Oct 22, preventing essential supplies to the State, then
1947: hoards of armed Pakistani tribesman entered
Kashmir.
Hari Singh signs the instrument of accession, it
is no different than the one signed by over 500
Oct 26,
other rulers. The accession of Kashmir was
1947:
accepted by the Governor General of India
Lord Mountbatten.
Oct 27, The first Indian forces arrived in Kashmir to
1947: defend against Pakistani troops.
Dec 31, A highly unconstitutional offer of plebiscite was
1947: made by Prime Minister Nehru in the U.N.
India under Nehru declares a unilateral cease-
Jan 1, fire and under Article 35 of the U.N. Charter,
1948: India files a complaint with the U.N. Security
Council. Pakistan still controls 2/5 of the State.
The U.N. Security Council in its resolution of
Jan 20,
establishes the United Nations Commission for
1948:
India and Pakistan (UNCIP).
Mohd. Zafrulla Khan, then the Foreign Minister
of Pakistan and principal Delegate of Pakistan
Jul
in the U.N. admits to the U.N. Commission for
1948:
India and Pakistan that the Pakistani Army had
been in Kashmir.
 UNCIP adopts a resolution on Kashmir
Aug 13, accepted by both India and Pakistan. Pakistan
1948: is blamed for the invasion of Kashmir and is
instructed to withdraw its forces from Kashmir.
Amidst great tension, one minute before
Jan 1,
midnight, India and Pakistan concluded a
1949:
formal cease fire agreement.
Almost a year after Nehru's offer of plebiscite,
the UNCIP passes a resolution that states that,
"The question of accession of the state of
Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan will be
Jan 5, decided through the democratic method of
1949: free and impartial plebiscite". However,
Pakistan has yet to comply with the earlier
resolution and withdraw from the State. Also,
Pakistan is now busy changing the
demographic composition of the State.
Not withstanding the opposition by several
authors of the Indian Constitution, including Dr.
Ambedkar, its chief architect, Article 370 was
1949: inserted in the constitution of India. This article
is meant as a temporary measure, to be in
effect until the formal constitution of Jammu
and Kashmir is drafted.
Sheikh Abdullah declares, "We the people of
Jammu and Kashmir, have thrown our lot with
Indian people not in the heat of passion or a
Jun
moment of despair, but by a deliberate choice.
1948:
The union of our people has been fused by the
community of ideals and common sufferings in
the cause of freedom".
Following the cabinet decision taken by the
Abdullah Government, Hari Singh steps down.
1949:
Hari Singh's son, Karan Singh is named his
successor.
UN Security Council appoints Sir Owen Dixon
Apr as the UN representative in place of UNCIP to
1950 find expeditious and enduring solution to the
India-Pakistan dispute over Kashmir.
General Council of the National Conference
Oct
demands elections to create a Constituent
1950:
Assembly.
Sep Elections for the Constituent Assembly are held
 The National Conference wins all 45 seats
1951:
unopposed.
Oct Constituent Assembly of the State of Jammu
1951: and Kashmir is inaugurated.
The Constituent Assembly is given four tasks
Nov 5,
by Sheikh Abdullah which including the
1951:
accession to India.
Karan Singh steps down as the ruler, and is
Nov-Dec elected by the Constituent Assembly of the
1951: Jammu and Kashmir State as Sardar- i-Riyasat
(Governor).
Jana Sangh begins campaign called "Ek Vidhan
Ek Pradhan" (One Constitution, one leader) and
demands that the State of Jammu and Kashmir
1952:
be totally integrated into India and that the
people from the other States be able to visit
Jammu and Kashmir without a passport.
Jana Sang leader Shyamaprasad Mukherjee
1952: dies in a Kashmiri Jail under mysterious
circumstances.
Sheikh Abdullah is arrested. He had turned
Aug 9, corrupt and autocrat. He tried to hold India for
1953: ransom by giving increasingly anti-India
speeches and preserve his power.
Under the leadership of Bakshi Ghulam
Mohammad DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED
Feb
Constituent Assembly of the State of Jammu
1954:
and Kashmir ratified the State's accession to
India.
The President of India promulgates the
Constitution (Application to Jammu and
May 14,
Kashmir) Order placing on a final footing the
1954:
applicability of the other provisions of the
Indian Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir.
Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act 1956,
the category of Part B State was aboilished and
1956: Jammu and Kashmir was included as one of the
States of India under Article I. However, Article
370 of the Indian constitution is still retained.
After the formal inauguration of its
Jan 26,
constitution, the Constituent Assembly
1957:
dissolves itself.
 All-India services extended to J and K through
1958:
an amendment in Article 312.
1964: Sheikh Abdullah released from the prison.
Pakistan attacks India, in operation code
named, Gibraltar. The defeat of Pakistan
1965:
results in the Tashkent Agreement between
the two countries.
Article 249 of Indian Constitution extended to
Jammu and Kashmir whereby the center could
legislate on any matter enumerated in state
Mar 30,
list (just like in any other State in the Union).
1965:
Designations like Prime Minister and President
of the State are replace by Chief Minister and
Governor.
Pakistani attack on India results in the third
war between the two countries. Pakistan is
1971:
completely defeated, over 90,000 of its men
surrendered.
India and Pakistan sign the Shimla Pact. Two
1972: agree to respect the line of control until the
issue is finally resolved.
Following an accord signed by Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Abdullah on February
Feb 24- 24, 1975, Jammu and Kashmir is made a
25, "Constituent Unit" of India on February 25,
1975: 1975. Through this accord Indian Parliament
reaffirms its right to legislate on any matter
concerning the territory of the State.
National Conference wins the first post-
1977:
Emergency elctions.
Sheikh Abdullah nominates his son, Farooq
Abdullah as his successor setting up a political
1982:
rivalry between Farooq Abdullah and his
brother-in-law G. M. Shah.
In one of the most shameful acts of religious
massacre, several ancient historical Hindu
temples are destroyed and scores of Hindus
1986:
were killed in the city of Anantnag. Chief
Minister G. M. Shah looses power to his
brother-in-law Farooq Abdullah.
1990- In a spate of terrorist violence, 2400 people
1991: have died so far, and 300,000 people have
been driven out of their homes. Pakistan's
involvement in this carnage of violence is
beyond doubt.