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TRANSFORMATION OF COORDINATES
TRANSLATION OF AXES
Definition:
Suppose we have a curve in the coordinate plane and
that we have the equation of the curve.
Consider the problem of writing the equation of a curve
with respect to another axes.
The process of changing from one pair of axes to
another is called transformation of coordinates.
A transformation in which the new axes are parallel to
the original axes and similarly directed is called
translation of axes.
TRANSLATION OF AXES
Under translation of axes, the new axes are represented by
x’-axis and y’-axis.
The coordinates of the new origin O’ are denoted by (h, k).
If x and y stands for the coordinates of any point P when
referred to the original axes, and x’ and y’ the coordinates of
P with respect to the new axes, then
x = x’ + h y = y’ + k
or
x’ = x - h y’ = y - k
We note that transformation of axes is related to performing
two geometric transformations: a horizontal shift and a
vertical shift.
TRANSLATION OF AXES
Example:
Find the new coordinates of the point P(4, -2) if the
origin is moved to (-2, 3).
Find the new coordinates of the point P(5, 4) if the
origin is moved to (1, 2).
Find the new equation of the circle
x 2 y 2 6 x 10 y 9 0
after a translation that moves the origin to (-3, 5).
Translate the axes so that no first-degree terms will
appear in the transformed equation of the circle
x2 y2 6 x 4 y 3 0
TRANSLATION OF AXES
Exercise:
Find the new coordinates of the point P(7, 4) if the origin
is moved to (2, 3).
Find the new equation of the circle
x2 y2 4 x 4 y 2 0
after a translation that moves the origin to the point (1, 3).
Translate the axes so that no first-degree terms will
appear in the transformed equation of the circle
x2 y2 4 x 2 y 5 0
TRANSLATION OF AXES
Example:
By translation of axes, simplify the equation
x 2 6 x 6 y 15 0
9 x 2 y 2 36 x 8 y 43 0
By translation of axes, simplify the equation
16 x 2 4 y 2 160 x 24 y 300 0
x 2 6 x 8 y 25 0
By translation of axes, simplify the equation
x 2 4 y 2 6 x 16 y 21 0
Example:
Find the acute angle of rotation such that the
transformed equation of
2
2x 2
3 xy y 8
will have no x’y’ term.
Find the acute angle of rotation such that the
transformed equation of
ROTATION OF AXES
Theorem:
A second degree equation
Ax 2 Bxy Cy 2 Dx Ey F 0
Theorem:
Given a second degree equation
Ax 2 Bxy Cy 2 Dx Ey F 0
B
tan 2 if AC
AC
or
45 if AC
ROTATION OF AXES
Example:
Simplify the equation
Exercise:
Reduce each equation to one of the simplified forms.
Draw the graph of the resulting equation, showing all
coordinate axes.
1. x 2 4 xy 4 y 2 2 5 x 5 y 0
2
2. 3 x 10 xy 3 y 2 22 x 26 y 43 0