2.

1 Translation CHAPTER 2 : TRANSFORMATION I, II

1. Translation is a transformation that moves all the points on a plane through the same
distance and in the same direction.
2. Properties of a translation
a) the shape, size and orientation of the object and the image are the same
b) every point is moved through the same distance and in the same direction
⎛h⎞
3. A translation is usually expressed in the form ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ , where h represents the horizontal
k ⎝ ⎠
movement parallel to the x-axis and k represents the vertical movement parallel to
the y- axis

Example 1 Exercise :
i) Draw the image for each of the
following object.
ii) State the coordinates of the image for each of
y the points under the given translation.
⎛ 3⎞
1. Translation ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
H 0
y ⎝ ⎠
6
●H’ y
A
44

2 B 6
i) ∆ A is mapped onto ∆B under a
⎛ 4 ⎞ x 4
O 2⎜ ⎟⎟ 4or each 6point in
translation ⎜
4

⎝ − 2⎠
triangle A is moved 4 units to the right 2 ● A
followed by 2 uints downwards
ii) Under the same translation,
image of H is H’(7,5). OAnswer :2 A’( 4 ) 6 x
⎛ − 2⎞ ⎛ − 4⎞
2. Translation ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 3. Translation ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ − 2⎠

y y

●C
6
6
●B
4
4
4

A
2
2

O 2 4 6 x Answer:

Transformation I,II 1 O 2 4 6 x
Answer:
3 y 4 y

4 4
A' A
2 2
4
4
A'
x x
-4 -2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2 4
A -2
-2

-4 -4
Translation :
Translation :

y
5. 6. y
4
4
A
A 2 A'
A' 2
4

x
4

-4 -2 0 2 4 x
-4 -2 0 2 4
-2
-2

-4
-4
Translation : Translation:
2.2 Reflection
Reflection is a transformation which reflects all the points on a plane in a line
called the axis of reflection.
Properties of reflection :
i) the shape and size of the object and its image are the same .(congruent)
ii) the orientation of the image is laterally inverted compared to the object.
iii) the position of any point lying on the axis of reflection does not change.
y
4
P In the diagram:
AA’ ●
A
' 2 A' is the image of A under a reflection
4
y =1 of y –axis or x = 0
x
-4 -2 0 2 P’ is the image of P under reflection
●
P' of line y =1
-2

-4

Transformation I,II 3
2.2.2 To determine the axis of reflection Execsice
Example: Draw the axis of reflection 1.

B' B

4
4

axis of reflection
2. 3

C D
A

4
4

C' D'

2.2.3 State the axis of reflection. Exersice y

Example: y 1
4
4

2 2
4
4

x x
-4 -2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2

-2 -2

-4 -4
Axis of reflection : x = 2 Axis of reflection :
2. y 3 y

6
6
4
4
4

2
2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
Axis of reflection :
Axis of reflection :

Transformation I,II 5
2. Rotation of 1800 anticlockwise about H. 3. Rotation of 900 clockwise about A.
y y

6 6

A
44
4 ●A
4 4

●H
2 2

O 2 4 6 x
O 2 4 6 x

4. Rotation of 900 clockwise about B . 5. Rotation of 900 anticlockwise about C

y
y

6
●B 6
4
4
●C
4
4

A
2
2
x
O 2 4 6 x
O 2 4 6

2.3.2 Determine and mark the centre of rotation

The intersection of two or more lines of perpendicular bisectors is a centre of
rotation.

i) Join point D to D’ and construct the A B

perpendicular bisector of line DD’.
ii) Join point C to C’ and construct the
perpendicular bisector of line CC’.
iii) Extend the two lines until they D C
intersect each other. 4
Centre of
The point of intersection of these two rotation
perpendicular bisectors is the C’ D’
centre of rotation.

B’ A’

Perpendicular
bisectors

Transformation I,II 7
2. B y y

A 4 4
A’
2 2
B’
4 4

x x
-4 -2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2 4

-2 -2

-4 -4
Centre : ………….. Centre : ……………..
Angle :…………. Angle : …………….
Direction : ……… Direction : ………...

4 5 y
y

4 4 P
T’
2 2

P’
4
4

x x
-4 -2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2 4

-2 -2
T
-4 -4

Centre :…………… Centre : ……………..

Angle : …………… Angle : …………….
Direction : ……….. Direction : ………...

Transformation I,II 9
2. 3.
B
B’
R’ A C
A’ C’
4

R
4

D’

i) Scale factor : i) Scale factor :

6. 5.

B’ M’

B
4 4

Scale factor : Scale factor :

To draw an image under enlargement Exersice

Draw and label an image under the following 1
enlargement 1. Centre (2,2) and scale factor .
2
Example : centre (7,2) and scale factor 2
y

6
C’
6
4

4
4

4 C
2
2
A’ A B’ B
0 2 4 6 x
0 2 4 6 7 x

Transformation I,II 11