ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“ A mother is she who can take the places of all others, but whose place no one
else can take”

Cardinal Mermillod

We thank God Almighty for his blessing, unseen presence and special graces
bestowed during this research study.

The satisfaction and pleasure that accompany the successful completion of

our task could be incomplete without mentioning the people who made it possible,
whose constant guidance and encouragement rewards our effort with success. We
consider it as a privilege to express our gratitude and respect to all, who guided and
inspired us in the completion of this project.

We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Dorothry Deena Theodore,

Principal, Narayana Hrudayalaya college of Nursing for giving such an
opportunity to conduct this research project, providing all the necessary facilitates
and valuable suggestions.

We extend our sincere thanks to our research guide Mrs. Thangamani M.

Lecturer, Narayana Hrudayalaya college of Nursing for constant support, valuable
guidance and encouragement towards successful completion of this work.
 We are grateful to Mrs. Jayasudha and Mrs. Indira Gandhi, Lecturers,
college of Nursing Narayana Hrudayalaya for this valuabele suggestions during
our content validation.

We are thankful to the other nursing faculty members of Narayana

Hrudayalaya college of nursing for their support regarding study.

We also express our sincere thanks to Mrs. Radhika, for her guidance and
valuable of the statistical data.

We are extremely thankful to the Doctors and Staff Nurses of Multi

-speciality Hospital, Bangalore for granting permission to conduct study in the
hospital.

We also express our thanks to all the Post Natal Mothers, who have
participated in our research study.

We extent our thanks to -------------------- Librarian, Narayana Hrudayalaya

college of nursing for issuing for books, journals and allowing use net facilities for
references.
 We also express our sincere thanks to Mr. Arun Kumar (PAM computers)
for helping us with printing services.

We would like to convey a word of thanks to all our classmates, who have
helped throughout the study.

Also we express our heartfelt thanks to our ever loving parents, who has
given us support in all means throughout the study.

We thank each and everyone who directly or indirectly helped us in the

successful completion of this study.
CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION:

“Doing what is best for the baby is our biggest priority”

New born care is the come given to a new born baby from the time of birth
up to 28 days of life. It includes breast feeding, giving baby bath, skin care, care

of the umbilical stump, care of the eyes, weight record, immunization and early
identification of dustiness.

New born care is the systematic care of new born during 28 days of life. It’s
a is to provide basic care, warmth and promotion of breast feeding at home.

Children are important asset of any nation. Their nurture and solicitude are
our responsibility. In India, neonatal mortality contributes to our 64% infant
deaths and most of the deaths occur during the first week of life. A high
percentage of new born deaths could be prevented by providing new born with
aces to skilled care givers and a number of proven , effective interventions.
NEED FOR STUDY

The birth of new born is one of life’s most wonderful moments. New born
babies have amazing abilities, Yet they are completely dependent on others for
every aspect feeding warmth and comfort.

Despite the improvement in child serving over the past 25 years, there are
still vi no effective health care system for new born in many developed countries.
There are estimated 4 million neonatal deaths world wide each years and in India,
infant mortality rate stands with 57 per thousand live births, and MMR stands with
303 per one lakh live births. Causes are related to pregnancy, delivery and
infection and each cause about one third.

Improving new born health is part o any poverty reduction strategy, given
the wide gap between rich and poor in neonatal out comes.

Effective strategies include focusing, on quality of care where more births

takes place. Preventing new born deaths with the health of mothers; and assessing
knowledge of mothers regarding effective new born care is the need for study.

According to Abraham Maslow, “do not say, it is morning and dismiss it

with a name of yesterday. See it for the first time as a new born child that has no
name”
 A.K. Sood and Umesh Kapn (1990) conducted a study regarding knowledge
of 108 mothers about management of common ailments in newborn. The finding
was majority of mothers had the knowledge of managing common ailments using
home remedies.

Gangan Gurmug (2008) conducted a study regarding immediate care of new born
among 106 parent in Nepal. The result showed majority of immediate cre of new
born, and showed willingness to learn and change harmful practices.

To decrease the infant morbidity & mortality rate the care should be given to
newborn period. So as a mother should know about the care of newborn. In order
to improve the mothers knowledge regarding newborn, we need to be indentified
their current knowledge level.

TITLE : Assessment of knowledge regarding care of new born

among postnatal mothers.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding care of new born
among postnatal mothers in multispecialty Hospital, Bangalore 2010-2011

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding case of newborn among postnatal

mothers.

2. To find the association between knowledge of postnatal mothers and

selected demographic variables.

VARIABLES OF THE STUDY:

1. Research variables

2. Demographic variables

1) Research variables

New born case

2) Demographic Variables
Age

Religion

Type of family

Education

Occupation

Family income

Number of children

ASSUMPTION

The mothers may have some knowledge regarding care of newborn.

DELIMITATION

-The data collection period was delimited to I weak.

-The samples of the study were delimited to only postnatal mothers

OPERATIONAL DEFITIONS
1) Assessment: The act of evaluating mother’s knowledge regarding care of
newborn.

2) Knowledge: Knowledge refers to the practical or theoretical under-

standing about care of newborn.

3) Care of newborn: The care which is provided for newborn of 0-28 days
on the following aspects such as thermoregulation, prevention of
injection, nutrition, Immunization and physical care.

4) Postnatal mothers: A women who has delivered and with the new born
of 0-28 days.

5) New born: It is the period from birth to 28 days of life.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The term “literature review is used to designate a written summary of the

state of the art on a research problem for study to be conducted there should be an
existing knowledge base. Research is often undertaken a literature review to
familiarize themselves with that knowledge base will help the researcher in many
ways by producing a source for research ideas giving orientation to what is already
known, providing a conceptual contest and by giving information on research
approach.
 Literature was reviewed and is presented under the following aspects such as
knowledge on breast feeding , immunization, umbilical cord case, and management
of common ailments in newborn.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter, explains, the methodology followed for the assessment of the
knowledge regarding care of newborn among post natal mothers.

This chapter includes research approach research design and variables in the
study, setting, population sample, sample size and sampling techniques,
development and description of tool, content validity of tool, data collection
procedure and plan for data analysis.
 RESEARCH APPROACH
A descriptive approach was used to assess the knowledge regarding care of
newborn among postnatal mothers.

RESEARCH DESIGN
The investigator has chosen a descriptive research design to assess the
knowledge regarding care of newborn among postnatal.

VARIABLES

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Mother’s age, education, income per moth, occupation, religion, family type
and member of children.

RESEARCH SETTING

The study was conducted in multispeciality Hospital, Bangalore. This is a

private hospital located in the urban and industrial area.
 POPULATION

Target population is all the mothers who are coming for hospital.
Accessible population comprised of 50 postnatal mothers of the newborn who were
admitted in multispeciality Hospital.

SAMPLE

The sample comprised of post natal mothers who have fulfilled the inclusion
criteria and admitting in multispeciality Hospital.

SAMPLE SIZE
The samples consist of 50 postnatal mothers.

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE
Non probability convenience sampling technique was used.

Researches collected the total number of postnatal mother’s who fulfilled the
inclusion criteria.

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECION

 INCLUSION CRITERIA
The study was limited to mothers of newborn who were available during
data collection.

• Who were able to read and write Kannada

• Who were willing to participate in English the study.

Mothers who have delivered and having newborn from 0-28 days.

DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF TOOL

The tool for data collection was developed after an extensive review of
literatures and also counseling & opinion given by the nursing faculties.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL

The tool for data collection consist of two sections

Section A
Demographic data

Age, education, occupation type of family religion and number of

children.

Section B

It is a structured, self administered questionnaire in the aspect of knowledge

regarding care of newborn.

The tools were also translated into Kannada language for the convenience of
the data collection.

It consist of a 24 questionnaire in the aspects of breast feeding, maintenance

of temperature, infection control and immunization.

SCORING

SL. NO. SCRORE PERCENTAG REMARKS

E
1. 15 And above 60% and above Adequate
knowledge
2. 11 -14 50-59% Moderate
knowledge
3. 10 And below 49% and below Inadequate
knowledge
 For section A, scoring key was prepared by coding the demographic
variables to assess the background of samples and thereby subjected for statistical
analysis.

For section B, all questions on knowledge of newborn case were multiple

choice questions with a single correct answer. Every correct answer carried the
score of one and every in correct answer carried the score of zero.

Level of knowledge was grouped into items like adequate, moderately

adequate and adequate.

VALIDITY OF THE TOOL:

The content of the tool was validated by 2 lecturers of pediatric department

few modifications were made as follows.

The sentences were made simple and demographic data was prioritized

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

Permission from concerned authority prior data collection permission was

obtained from nursing super intendment of multispeciality Hospital Bangalore.
DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

The data analysis was done according to the objectives of the study using
descriptive and inferential statistics.

Analysis of demographic variables was done by using frequency and

percentage distribution.

Mean and standard deviation was used to assess the knowledge regarding
care of newborn among postnatal mothers.

Chi square test was used to associate the knowledge of postnatal mothers
with selected demographic variables.
CHAPTER – IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

“Analysis is a process of organizing and synthesizing data in such a way that

research question can be answered and hypothesis tested”

- Polit and Hungler – 2003

This chapter deals with the description of data analysis collected from the
study such as to determine the knowledge of postnatal mothers regarding
care of newborn using structured knowledge questionnaire. The purpose of
analysis is to summarize and to test proposed relationship of individuals
with demographic variables. The data were analyzed on the basis of
objectives and hypothesis formulated for the study by using descriptive and
inferential statistics under the following headings.

SECTION –I

Frequency and percentage distribution regarding knowledge of post natal

mothers according to their demographic variables

SECTION – II

Assessment of knowledge of mothers regarding newborn care.

SECTION – III

Association of knowledge of mothers regarding newborn care with their

selected demographic variables.
 APPENDICES
APPENDIX – I

LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION FROM THE PARTICIPANTS

Dear Participants,

We 2nd year PCBSC students of Narayana Hrudayalaya college of

nursing are interested to know more about your knowledge on care of new
born. The information which you are providing will be kept confidential and
 will be used only for the study. Please participate in this program me by
answering our questions honestly and state your willingness to participate in
this study.

Sample No

Name(Optional)

BIBILOGRAPHY

BIBILOGRAPHY
BOOK REFERENCES

1) G.N. Prabhakara (2006), “ A Text book of biostatistics”, 1st edition, Jaypee

brothers medical publishers private limited, page no. 149-161, 40-42, 57-60

2) T. Bhaskar Rao (2004), “A text book of method of biostatics” 1st edition,

Paras Limited, page No. 49-52, 129-132
3) D.C. Dutta, ‘Text book of obstetrical” 6th edition, 2004 New central book
agencies Calcutta, Page No. 451-453

4) Annamma Jacpb, “A comprehensive text book of midwifery, 2nd edition,

2008 Japee publications, New Delhi Page No. 515 to 524

5) Diana M Fraser, Margaret A Cooper myles text-book of Midwives, 14th

edition, Elsevier Publications page No. 755-768

JOURNAL REFERENCES:

6) Enlida M.L. weigert, Elsa R.J. Giugliani, A study on the breast feeding

7) Mr. Raman, a survey regarding breast practices in Karnataka.

INTERNET REFERENCE:

www.answers.com/topic/breat.feed

www.breastfeeding org/news.letter

www.biomed.central.com

Instruction
Select most appropriate answer. Please tick ( ) Mark against the responses.
The information given by you will be kept confidential.

Selection A Demographic Variables:

1. Age: a. 20-24 years

b. 25-29 years

c. 30-34 years

d. 35 and above

2. Religion:

a. Hindu

b. Christian

c. Muslim

d. Any other
 3. Type of family:

a. Nuclear

b. Joint

4. Educational status:

a. Illiterate

b. Primary school

c. High School

d. Pre university

e. Graduate

5. Occupational status:

a. House wife

b. Private employee

c. Government employee

d. Any other

6. Family Income:

a. Below – 1000

b. 1001-2000

c. 2001-3000

d. above 3000
7. Number of children:

a. 1

b.2

c.3

d. 4 and above

There are 25 questions and there is only one correct answer for each
questions. Each question has 3 options. Please tick your most appropriate response
each answer carries 1 mark.

New born:

1. Which age group babies are considered as newborn?

a. UP to 6 months

b. Up to 1 year

c. Birth to 28 days

2. What is the normal weight of the new born?

 a. 3-4 kg

b. 2-3 kg

c. 2.5 – 3.5 kg

3. What is the normal length of newborn?

a. 45-50cm

b. 40 cm

c. 60cm

4. When we have to check the weight

a. 1st day of life

b. After a week

c. After a month

Breast Feeding:

5. When you should start the breast feeding?

 a. Within half an hour

b. After birth

c. After 24 hours

6. What is colostrums?

a. Milk of the mother during first few days

b. Milk without cream

c. Artificial feeds

7. How often we can feed the baby ;

a. Every 4 hours

b. 3 times a day

c. Every 2nd hourly

8. Which is the best position for newborn after breast feeding:

 a. Supine position

b. Prone position

c. Lateral position

9. What position will you admit for breast feeding:

a. Lying position

b. Sitting position

c. Standing position

10.How will you store the expressed breast milk:

a. In room temperature

b. Keep in fridge

c. All the above

11. Which component is rich in colostrums:

 a. Protein

b. Carbohydrate

c. Water

12. What is the reason for burping after breast feeding:

a. Promote comfort

b. Enhance growth

c. Expel the swallowed air

13.What is the drawback of artificial feeding?

a. Does not contain protective antibody

b. Family members can help in feeding

c. It possess no risk of transmitting injections.

PREVENTION HYPOTHERMIA

14. What is the reason behind mummifying the baby?

a. Prevent hypothermia

b. Prevent the baby from dust

c. Protect the baby from injuries

15.At what temperature does a newborn has fever:

a. 99.6 F

b. 100 2 F

c. 100.4 F and above

16.What is rooming in :

a. Allowing parents to stay with the baby 24 hours 1 day

 b. Allowing other babies to stay with the baby

c. Allowing the baby to be alone in the coradle.

17.How did you promote mother child bonding?

a. Placing the baby on mother’s chest

b. Giving breast feeding

c. All the above

INJECTION CONTROL

18. What is the importance to keep the baby clean?

a. Prevent injection

b. Prevent growth retardation

c. Promote bonding

19.When diaper should change?

a. Every 2 hours

b. 8 times per day

 c. Whenever getting soil

20. Which day the umbilical cord will fall off:

a. 3rd day

b. After 1 week

c. After 1 month

21.Which site is most common for injection in new born :

a. Genital Area

b. Umbilicus

c. Mouth

IMMUNIZATION
22. What all are the vaccine given soon after birth

a. B.C.G. and OPV

b. DPT and OPV

c. Measles
23. Which disease is preventable by oral Polio vaccine?

a. Tuberculosis

b. Poliomyelitis

c. Measles

24.Why immunization is important for newborn babies :

a. They are more susceptible to communicable disease

b. They are more prone to infection

c. It is a government rule