Power System Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
Power System Protection
System
Protection
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
S.A.Soman
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Department of Electrical Engineering
Lightning
Protection IIT Bombay
Lightning
Overvoltages
Lightning Protection
Devices Protection Paradigms - System Protection
Summary
Protection Paradigms - System Protection
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman 1 Power System Dynamics
Overview
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
2 System Protection Relays
System
Protection Example System
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of Relays
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Undervoltage and Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection 3 Lightning Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Lightning Overvoltages
Devices
Lightning Protection Devices
Summary
4 Summary
Power System
Protection
Overview
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
4 Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Power System
Dynamics Overview of Power System Dynamics
Overview
System protection requires study of system dynamics and
System
Protection control. Power system dynamics
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Can be described in terms of a set of differential and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays algebraic equations.
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Analysis is done by EMTP.
Lightning
Protection Post fault system stability is determined by transient
Lightning
Overvoltages
stability studies.
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Protection
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman System Protection Relays
Power System
Following relays are used to detect system disturbances
Dynamics and for enhancing system stability.
Overview
System Under frequency and over frequency relays.

Protection
Relays Rate of change of frequency relays.
Example System
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of Under voltage relays.
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay Reverse power flow relays.
Lightning
Protection
Vector shift relays.
Lightning
Overvoltages For example, consider a voltage distribution system with
Devices
local generation which is synchronized with the grid. During
Summary
grid disturbances, the local plant generators have to be
isolated from the grid.
Power System
Protection
Overview
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
4 Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Example System with Local Generation
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Protection
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Loss of Utility in the Example System
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Protection
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
Overview
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
4 Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Power System
Underfrequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relays
Dynamics
Overview Load-generation imbalance in a system leads to fall in
System
Protection
frequency.
Relays
Example System Underfrequency relay detects this drop and isolates
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
local generation from the grid.
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay Load-generation balance has to be maintained in the
Lightning
Protection
islanded system.
Lightning
Overvoltages In order to speed up the islanding decision, rate of
Devices change of frequency relay is used.
Summary
Power System
Protection
Overview
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
4 Summary
Power System
Protection
Undervoltage Relay
S.A.Soman If the fault on the grid is close to the plant, voltage at
Power System
the supply point of plant generator drops.
Dynamics
Overview This drop in voltage is used as a signal in undervoltage
System relay.
Protection
Relays
Example System
Reverse Power Relay
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
During prefault state, power was being fed to the plant.
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
Undervoltage Relay
Power System
Dynamics
System relay.
Protection
Relays
Example System
Reverse Power Relay
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
During fault in the utility system, the plant will be
Lightning
Protection
isolated from the grid and it may be connected to the
Lightning
Overvoltages downstream loads.
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
Undervoltage Relay
Power System
Dynamics
System relay.
Protection
Relays
Example System
Reverse Power Relay
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Devices
Then, power will flow in reverse direction from plant
Summary
generator to feed the downstream loads.
Power System
Protection
Undervoltage Relay
Power System
Dynamics
System relay.
Protection
Relays
Example System
Reverse Power Relay
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Devices
Then, power will flow in reverse direction from plant
Summary
generator to feed the downstream loads.
This reversal of power flow can be used to island the
plant generator.
Power System
Protection Operation of Reverse Power Flow Pelay
S.A.Soman
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Protection
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection Operation of Reverse Power Relay
S.A.Soman
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Protection
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
Overview
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
4 Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman Lightning discharges produce overvoltage surges and they
are extremely harmful. Lightning overvoltages can be
Power System
Dynamics classified as
Overview
System
Induced overvoltages.
Protection Overvoltages due to shielding failures.
Relays
Example System Overvoltages by back flashovers.
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
Overview
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System
Relays
Example System
Underfrequency and
Frequency Relays
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay
Lightning
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
4 Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Power System
Dynamics
Overview Lightning Protection Devices
System The most commonly used devices for protection against
Protection
Relays lightning are:
Example System
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Shielding by earth wires.
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay Proper earthing of transmission towers.
Lightning
Protection Surge Arrestors like ZnO varistor.
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary
Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Power System
Dynamics
Overview
System Summary
Protection
Relays
Example System
Power System Dynamics.
Underfrequency and
Rate of Change of
Frequency Relays
Various System Protection Relays.
Undervoltage and
Reverse Power Relay Lightning Protection.
Lightning
Protection
Lightning
Overvoltages
Devices
Summary

Power System Protection

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Power System Protection

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Power System

System Under frequency and over frequency relays.

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