Heat and cool your home with money saving

technology…
What is Geothermal
&
How
is
it
used?
•  Geothermal systems are an electrically driven
device which utilizes the heat pump process to
harvest energy from and reject heat to the earth.
•  Geothermal systems utilize the stable
temperature of the earth to provide heating,
cooling and hot water. The earth acts as a heat
source for heating and a heat sink for cooling.
•  Unit performance can be matched to the
demands of the individual comfort zone.
•  The system can run with low temperatures.
•  The earth has the ability to hold its temperature.
 System
Design


  Determine the heating/

cooling loads of the
structure.
  Determine the individuals
Heating Cooling zone loads if multiple
Loads Loads units are to be used.
  Determine capacity for
rooms that have larger
loads for heating and
cooling.
 Evaluation
of
the
building
site


Evaluate the building site and make a determination what

type of loop will be used.

Decision factors:

•  How much land is available?

•  Any shallow, subsurface rock?
•  Trees or other natural vegetation?
•  Soil conditions?
•  Driller availability?
•  Is there a pond on the property?
•  Is there a river near the property?
• How high is the water table?
 The
Building
Envelope


Below Grade Systems Roofing

• Foundation Walls • Roof Decks
• Floor Slabs • Insulation
• Built-up Roofs
Wall Systems • Sprayed Polyurethane Foam
• Exterior Insulation and Finish • Metal Panels
• Masonry • Metal Panels and Shingles
• Panelized Metal • Asphalt Shingles
• Precast Concrete • Slate
• Tile
Infiltration
• Windows Flooring
• Curtain Walls •  Depends on Heat Loss and R Value
• Sloped Glazing • Caution – Geo max temp 120˚
• Exterior Doors

*The tighter the building envelope the more savings on cost of the
equipment, and efficiency of the system.
 Thermal
Conductivity

  Thermal conductivity is generally dependent on density,
moisture content, mineral content
  Soils:
  Clays (15% moisture) 0.4 - 1.1 Btu/hr-ft-F
  Clays (5% moisture) 0.3 - 0.8
  Sands (15% moisture) 0.6 - 2.2
  Sands (5% moisture) 0.5 – 1.9
  Rocks:
  Granite 1.3 – 2.1 Btu/hr-ft-F
  Basalt 1.2 – 1.4
  Limestone 1.4 – 2.2
  Sandstone 1.2 – 2.0
  Shale 0.8 – 1.4
  Grouts:
  Standard bentonite 0.42
  Thermally-enhanced 0.85 – 1.40
Thermal
Conductivity
Test


  Commercial Jobs -A
thermal conductivity test (or
thermal response test) is
recommended on
commercial jobs.
  The total borehole length is
strongly dependent upon
overall thermal resistance of
the borehole.
 Refrigerants are the key.
Geothermal
heat
pumps
use

the
refrigeration
cycle
to

provide
heating
and
cooling.


Think of it as a refrigerator.

EXTREME COLD CAN HARVEST HEAT!

Components of Ground Heat Pump Systems


1.  Earth connection – The Ground

Loop Source - 1st cycle

2.  Heat Pump & Compressor - 2nd

cycle

3.  The Delivery Method - 3rd cycle

 The Transfer of Energy
Source side
43°

Evaporation
The heat from the ground
50°
transfers as a gas by way of
the TXV Valve.
Gas TXV Valve

0°- 20°F

Difference

1-The Ground Loop Source

 2-The
Heat
Pump
(Compressor)

TXV
Valve
 Desuperheater
 Vapor-Compression Cycle
Compressor
Vapor Vapor
160°-180°F

Heat Exchanger

Source Load

Condensation
Evaporation
0°- 20°F
2 Phase Changes

32.5 X 26.3 X 22
Low Temperature High Temperature
Refrigerant Liquid Exchange

Refrigeration Process
 Energy
movement
 Radiant 50°

160°-180°F

Closed Loops
115°-120°F
43°
Bentonite is placed 43º

for continuity so that

energy can be moved 50º

from the earth to its

components.
60°-100°F
50°
Water/Ethanol

SOURCE 0°- 20°F 70°-120°F LOAD

Water/Ethanol

1 The
Ground
Loops
 2 The
Heat
Pump
 3 The
Load
Heat
Exchanger



&
Storage
Tank

2-The
Heat
Pump
(HVAC
-
Cooling)

Vapor

Source Load

Condensation
Evaporation
2 Phase
Changes

0°- 20°F

Refrigerant gas Liquid & Vapor

Low Temperature High Temperature

Refrigeration Process
 Forced Air
Geothermal Overview

Heating Cycle The optional desuperheater

takes heat from the unit and
uses it to heat water inside
a domestic water heater
tank.

Heat is extracted from the earth and

moved inside the house with water
pumps, then transferred to the air coil
via the heat exchanger, compressor
and refrigerant cycle.
 Geothermal Overview

The optional desuperheater

Cooling Cycle takes excess heat from the
unit and uses it to heat
water inside a domestic
water heater tank
increasing the overall
efficiency.

Heat is extracted from the house and via

the air coil and refrigerant cycle,
transferred to water inside the heat
exchanger then moved with water pumps
and rejected into the soil outside.
 The
Ground
Loops
–
Vertical
Loops


Installed
4-6
in.

diameter
boreholes.

Pipe
length
is
200
ft.

-Bore
holes
should

be
15
feet
apart.


One Circuit per Bore Hole - 3gpm - ¾”

HDPE = 12,000 BTU’s
Example: 11 Ton System – inserting the pipe

 Horizontal
Loops

Horizontal
Loops
 CIRCUITS

RUNOUTS

Pipe
is
6-8
feet
deep

in
lengths
of
800ft.

using
single
pipes.
At

6
ft.
its
400
ft.
out

and
400
ft.
in.
The

same
at
8
ft.

The
Supply|Return
Headers
&
Trench
The
S|R
Headers
&
Trench

Mark your area of S|R S

for future reference.

R
 Final back fill

Correct compaction is important to the preservation of the HDPE pipe.

Open/Closed
Loop
System
Considerations:

Place flat plate for pond Pond Loops

Loop field can be submerged in water,

rather than buried in the ground or heat
exchangers can be used.

2 Tons

3 Tons The
pond
must
be
at
least
8
feet
deep

and
must
be
the
same
total
area
as
the

structure.
The
pond
should
be
spring
fed

4 Tons
or
runoff
fed.
Pipe
is
floated
to
the
center

of
the
pond
with
weights
then
sunk
to
the

bottom.

Applications at the Development Stage


National Recognition
Green Initiatives
Tax Credits
Leed Platinum
110 units – Low Income Housing
 COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS


SOURCE: WATERFURNACE.COM
Water to Water System

Water to Water System :

Hydronic heating has three
advantages over other
types of heating systems.
These advantages are
comfort, efficiency, and
versatile installation. With
hydronics, you can move
Btu’s through pipe, through
walls, and between floors -
or anywhere you need the
heat - quietly and
efficiently.

Radiant
Costs: $36,000-$50,000
Depending on specifications
HVAC System
HVAC System :
A forced air system requires a lot of
duct space to move air with many
Btu’s into a room. Convection

Costs: $25,000-$35,000
Depending on specifications
Good Installation Vs. Bad Installation
  Hiring a certified   Installer does not
installer (IGSHPA) understand refrigeration
  Good workmanship and   Installer may not understand
job ethics. Delta T’s , GPM’s with
  EPA Certified geothermal ( 5-7) verses
  Understands Traditional (15-20).
refrigeration and theory.   Pipes installed backwards.
A MUST!   Some installers are not
  Installer walks away HVAC Certified, therefore do
from a system that not understand return air
WORKS! locations, supply air
  CUSTOMER locations, CFM’s,
SATISIFIED! Subcooling and Superheat.
 Look
for
a
certified
geothermal
installer.

http://www.igshpa.okstate.edu/


MEMBERS
 Summary


  A geothermal heat pump will punish you if it’s

undersized.
  If undersized in heating, the supplemental heat
will run excessively causing high energy bills and
poor comfort.
  If undersized in cooling, the ground loop will
overheat to the point where the unit will not run.
  Choose a certified installer who is mechanically
inclined.
Geothermal
Installations

 DAHL
SANTA
FE


For more information contact: Jo Anne Pena

505.428.5092 or 505.470.2970
©Copyright

DIVISION
OF
HAJOCA
CORPORATION


WHOLESALE
PLUMBING
DISTRIBUTORS

DISCOVER GREEN 
1000
SILER
PARK
LANE
SANTA
FE,
NM
87507


(505)471-1811•
(800)523-6829
•
Fax
(505)471-1706