1) a) i. refers to the layout of connected devices ii.

bus, ring, star, line, tree, mesh

iii. Fully-connected mesh is the most expensive one, however if the cost is defined only as a
function of the latency, then bus or ring can be the most expensive one.
iv. Ring: n, bus: one backbone and n drop lines, star: n-1, and fully-connected n(n-1)/2
b) i. A device to connect multiple Ethernet nodes to each other and/or Internet through a router.
Collision and messages will be dropped by hub. ii. The following figure shows one example.
iii. Different LAN topologies, such as bus, ring and star have been used in the above example
therefore it is a combination of a few LANs. However the whole network can also be called a
LAN based on the fact that it covers a limited geographic area. We will later study the IEEE
standards for Token Ring (ring topology) and Ethernet (bus topology). iv. Hub does not
understand TCP/IP and only relays the message coming from a transmitter to other nodes
(which includes Internet nodes, if directly connected to it.) A router interface is the solution.
c and d) Please refer to U0 slides. e) The following illustrates a backbone network supports 2 rings, 3
buses and a star LAN. Note that routers are used to connect LANs (which have different technologies) to
backbone.
Part (b)

Part(e)
f) Point-to-point: mesh, star, ring . Multi-point: bus
g) Data (message), sender and receiver of the data, the channel or medium to send the data,
and a set of protocols to govern data communication.
2) sec, b) sec, c) sec
a)
d) The bit is just leaving Host A. e) The first bit is in the link and has not reached Host B, f) The
first bit has reached Host B, g) km.

3) The arriving packet must first wait for the link to transmit 6,750 bytes or 54,000 bits. Since
these bits are transmitted at 10 Mbps, the queuing delay is 5.4 msec. ( [nL*8 + (L*8 - b)]/R b
is the already transmitted bits from the first (partially already transmitted) packet and n is the
number of packets waiting to be transmitted after the first one.
4) a) R = 30*100*1024=3072 * 103 bps ≈ 3Mbps, b) Delay in video displayed at host B = dtrans
of one image at host A + dprop(L1) + dtrans of 1 image at the switch + dprop(L2).
=100∗1024∗8108+10−5∗100+  100∗1024∗8108+  10−5∗150  
=819.2∗10−5+  100∗10−5+  819.2∗10−5+  150∗10−5
=1888.4∗10−5  second
5) a) 40Kbits, b) 40Kbits, c) refer to U1 slides and class discussions, d) 250 meters long, longer than a
footabal field, e) s/R
6) a) 4million bits, b) 500Kbits, c) 2.5m
7) a) dtrans + dprop = 0.34s, b)10 * (dtrans + 2 tprop) = 1.1s, c) delay=10*(ttrans+2tprop) + 3(*.1s + dtrans)