UC Spray and Combustion Research Laboratory

Dr. San-Mou Jeng

Objective:
 Research, Development and Testing of
LDV Probe
Combustion and Spray Technologies for
Energy Generation and Propulsion NOx Concentration
Devices Contours inside of a
 Engineering and FAA Certification Tests
on Aircraft Powerplant
combustor
320 Phi = 0.95
Laboratory: 300
NO x(ppm)
165
Established in 1998 280
160
155
150
Located at UC Center Hill Campus 260 145
140
3,600 square ft Laboratory Space (to be 240
135
130
expanded for additional 2,000 square ft) 220
125
120
115

Air supplies:
Spray Image 200 110
105
100

Z (mm)
180
– 2 pps and 0.2 pps air compressors; 95
90
160
85
– 12, 36, 74 and 192 KW air heater up to 80
140
900F 75
70
120 65
60
55
Fuel supplies: 100
50
45
– Liquid fuel up to 3,000 pph
80
40
35
– 6 and 45 kW heater up to 450F
60 30
25
20
– Alternative fuels 40
15
20
10
5
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Instruments: Y (mm)
PIV, PDPA, LIF, Malvern Sizer, Optical and
Mechanical Spray Patternator,, FTIR
species analyzer, high imaging system, solid
carbon analyzer
 UC Center Hill Combustion and Spray Research Laboratory

Fuel Choking Rig

Office and Control Room

Vertical 1 atm Rig

Future Water Tunnel for Combustor Aerodynamics Simulation

Future Spray Lab. High Pressure Rig

Horizontal 1 and Sub-atm Rig

Fire Test Cell

Vertical Spray Rig
 Air-blast Atomizer

Downward Spray Rig

CAPACITIES:
• Central air compressor, fuel pump; fuel collection and recycle
system
• Computer controlled 3-d traverse system for optical probes
(PDPA, PIV, Malvern, laser and high speed imaging system)
EXPERIENCE:
• Droplet size and velocity distributions of both pressure swirl
and air-blast atomizers
• More than 10 simplex and dual orifice atomizers
• More than 10 air-blast atomizers
• More than 5 spray nozzles for drug manufacturing.

Spray Control by External Excitations Liquid Jet atomization Droplet Size (PDPA)
Sauter mean diameter distribution
at different axial position( Y direction)
100

90

80

70

D32 (m)
60

50

40
12mm
30
16mm
20 20mm
10
25mm
0
0 10 20 30
Y(mm)
 Upward Burning Rig

CAPACITIES:
• Central air compressor, fuel pump and exhaust system
• Air heater: Qmax=36 kW; Tmax= 900 F
• Computer controlled 3-d traverse system for optical and other probes
EXPERIENCE:
• Detailed species concentrations, temperatures and emissions measurements
for 3 combustors
• Non-reacting aerodynamics for more than 50 hardware
• Reacting aerodynamics and spray for more than 5 hardware
• Reacting spray visualization for more than 10 hardware
• FAA fire test for more than 10 fuel nozzles

320
320

300 150
300
140
280
280
130
260
260 120
240 T e m p e r a tu r e ( K )110
240
N O x (p p m ) 2250 100
220 2200
220
120 2150 90
Z (mm)

115 200 2100

200 110 80
2050 70
105 2000
Z (mm)

180 70 60
Z (mm)

180 100 1950

95 1900 60 50
90 160
160 1850 Z (mm)
85 1800 50 40
80 140 1750
140 40 30
75 1700
70 120 1650 20
120 30
65 1600
60 10
1550 20
100
100 55 1500
50 1450 10
45 80 1400
80
40 1350
35 60 1300
60
30 1250
25 1200
40
40 20 1150
15 1100
10 20
20 1050
5 0 10 20 30 40 50
-3 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 10 20 30
-3 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 10 20 30 r (mm)

Y (m m ) Y (m m )
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
r (mm)
Reacting aerodynamics. spray
NOx & Temperatures Aerodynamics flux and spray images

Droplet Size at Sub-Atmospheric Pressure
Horizontal Rig
CAPACITIES:
• Central air compressor and fuel pump; central exhaust system or
directly to ambient or into a fuel collecting system
• Air heater: Qmax=74 kW; Tmax= 900 F
• Computer controlled 3-d traverse system for optical and other probes
• Vacuum system for sub-atmospheric spray
• Fuel collecting system for non-reacting spray
EXPERIENCE:
• Non-reacting spray for more than 10 hardware
• Ignition and fuel lean-blow-out for more than 10 hardware
• Burning modes, emissions and combustion dynamics for more than 10
hardware
• Liquid jet in cross flows, heat transfer, shear flows,………
Spray, Ignition, Fuel Lean-Blow-Out and Burning Mode
 H2/N2 and CH4 /N2 Premixed Flame at 1 atm.

H2/N2 Combustion (T4 = 2,500 F) CH4/N2 Combustion (T4= 3,000 F)

NO Concentration Vs Flame
NO Concentration Vs Flame Temperature
Temperature
20 25
NO centration (ppm)
O concentration (ppm)

20
15
15
10
10
5 5
0 0
2000 2500 3000 3500 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050
Flame Temperature (F) Flame tempartaure (F)
 High Pressure Combustion Facility

CAPACITIES:
• Central air compressor and fuel pump; exhausts directly
to ambient or into a fuel collecting system
• Air heater: Qmax=192 kW; Tmax= 800 F
• Computer controlled 3-d traverse system for optical and
other probes
• Health monitoring system and multi-video cameras
• High pressure shell-
• 16.8” inner diameter; 6 optical windows;
• 200 psia and 500 F limits;
…. • Air cooled chamber wall and window;
• Water spray cooled combustion exhausts
EXPERIENCE:
• Emissions, spray, combustion dynamics, ignition,
flashback and flame holding on
(a) 3 Jet A fueled swirl cup combustion,
(b) 2 premixed gas fueled (H2 and CH4) low NOx
burners, and
(c) 1 gas fueled single cup sector
• Various liquid jet in cross flows
 Hot Fuel and Coking Rig Deposit Rate

CAPACITIES:
• 45 kW hot oil heater; heat transfer system
from hot oil to jet fuel Solid Carbon Deposit Rate at Different Fuel Line Geometries
• Resistance heater to raise tube wall
temperature TEST SECTION Straight Tube

• 2,000 PPH at 2,000 psi pump 0.4

0.4
Tube with Low Angle E/C
Tube with High Angle E/C

• Solid carbon analyzer

Expansion/Contraction Section

Carbon Deposition (mg/inch )

2
0.3

Low-angle expansion and contraction test section 0.3

• Long duration test 0.2

EXPERIENCE: High-angle expansion and contraction test section

0.2

0.1

• FAA required (Minimum100 flight cycle 0.1

0.0

hours) hot fuel and hot air demonstration on 0 10

Distance (cm)
20 30

more than 10 fuel nozzles

• Various coking rate study

Endurance Tests on Fuel Nozzle at Extreme High Fuel and Air Temperatures