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A robot is a virtual or mechanical artificial agent. In
practice, it is usually an electro- mechanical system
which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense
that it has intent or agency of its own. The word robot can
refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents,
but the latter are usually referred to as bots. There is no
consensus on which machines qualify as robots, but there
is general agreement among experts and the public that
robots tend to do some or all of the following: move
around, operate a mechanical limb, sense and manipulate
their environment, and exhibit intelligent behavior,
especially behavior which mimics humans or other
animals.

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The line follower is a self operating robot that detects
and follows a line that is drawn on the floor. The path
consists of a black line on a white surface (or vice versa).
The control system used must sense a line and maneuver
the robot to stay on course, while constantly correcting
the wrong moves using feedback mechanism, thus
forming a simple yet effective closed loop System. The
robot is designed to follow very tight curves. The robot
initializes in seek mode, where it searches for a black line
to track. Wheel synchronization, during seek mode,
allows the robot to travel in a straight line without
guidance. Once a black line is found, the robot tracks the
line
Practical applications of a line follower: Automated
cars running on roads with embedded magnets; guidance
system for industrial robots moving on shop floor etc.

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The aim of the line following robot is to search for a

black line on the terrain. Once the line is found, the robot
tracks the line from end to end. Four infrared sensors have
been mounted under the robot and connected to the port
of the AT89C51 do line sensing. The line follower is a
classic introductory robot design and requires a minimal
amount of resources. These line follower robots can use
microcontroller or simple digital or analog control
systems.

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