Professor Margarita Estévez- Class Meets: Tuesday 2-

Abe 4pm in CGIS N 109

Email: For classroom changes
mestevez@fas.harvard.edu and other class updates,
please consult the course
Office: CGIS North #210 website:
1737 Cambridge Street http://www.courses.fas.h
Phone: 617- 496-3590 arvard.edu/~gov90gc
mestevez@wcfia.harvard.edu
Office Hours: Wednesday
2pm- 4pm

Government 90gc
Fall 2007
Harvard University

Gender, Markets and Politics

Why are men and women treated differently within the family, at
work and in politics? Why do women in some countries appear to
do better than others? This courses aims at answering these
questions by examining the relative importance of societal norms,
religion, public policy and economic decisions of rational actors.

Requirements: Participation in a weekly seminar (15% of the overall grade); 2

reading memos (3-4 pages) on selected topics (10% each); in class “fact finding”
assignments (15%); and a research paper (50%). Final paper is due on
January 10.

Books in The Coop:

Gosta Esping-Andersen. 1999. Social Foundations of Post-Industrial Societies.

Lawrence Kahn. The Economics of Women, Men and Work.
Joan Peters. Not Your Mother’s Life.
Ruth Milkman. Gender at Work.

Week 1 (Sep 18) Introduction

Week 2 (Sep 25) Under-representation of Women in Politics

Jane Mansbridge (1999) “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women

Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes’,” The Journal of Politics, 61(3):628-657.

Andrew Reynolds (1999) “Women in the Legislatures and Executives of the

World: Knocking at the Highest Glass Ceiling,” World Politics 51(4).

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Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart (2001) “Women and Democracy: Cultural
Obstacles to Equal Representation,” Journal of Democracy, 12(3):126-140.

Richard Matland and Donley Studlar (1996) “The Contagion of Women

Candidates in Single-Member District and Proportional Representation
Electoral Systems,” The Journal of Politics 58(3).

Richard Matland (1993) “Institutional Variables Affecting Female

Representation in National Legislatures: The Case of Norway,” Journal of Politics
55:737-755.

Week 3 (Oct 2) A Quick Background: A History of Women’s Work

Ruth Milkman. Gender at Work, read Chapters 2, 3, 6 & 7 (and skim Chapters 4
& 5). This seems a lot of reading, but the book is very readable!

Week 4 (Oct 9) Beyond the Patriarchal Welfare State and the “Male”
Perspective on the Welfare State

Carole Pateman, (1988) “The Patriarchal Welfare State,” Amy Gutmann ed.
Democracy and the Welfare State.

Ann Orloff (1993) “Gender and the Social Rights of Citizenship: State Policies
and Gender Relations in Comparative Perspective,” American Sociological
Review, 58(3):303-328.

Dana Carol Davis Hill and Leann Tigges. 1995. “Gendering Welfare State
Theory: A Cross-National Study of Women’s Public Pension Quality.” Gender
and Society 9(1): 99-119.

Janet Gornick’s Chapter. 1999. in Diane Sainsbury ed. Gender and Welfare
State Regimes.

Gøsta Esping-Andersen, Social Foundations of Post-Industrial Societies, Chapters

3, 4 &5.

Week 5 (Oct 16) Fact Finding: Realities of Cross-National Variations in

Different Types of Gender Inequality

A special session based on students’ presentation. Detailed instructions to be

provided.

Week 6 (Oct 23) Economic Theories of Gender Inequality 1: Wage Gap and
Occupational Segregation

The Economics of Women, Men and Work, Chapters 5, 6 & 7.

Week 7 (Oct 30) Economic Theories of Gender Inequality 2: Family

Dynamics

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The Economics of Women, Men and Work, Chapter 3.

Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz (2002) “The Power of the Pill: Oral
Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions,” Journal of
Political Economy, 110(4): 730-770.

Casey Mulligan and Yona Rubinstein (2002) “Specialization, Inequality and the
Labor Market for Married Women,” unpublished paper.

Chiappori, Pierre-Andre. 2002. “Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation and

Household Labor Supply,” Journal of Political Economy 110/1.

Week 8( Nov 6) Biological of Cultural Differences?

Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund (2005) “Do Women Shy Away From
Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much?,” NBER Working Paper 11474.

Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart (2001) “Women and Democracy: Cultural
Obstacles to Equal Representation,” Journal of Democracy, 12(3):126-140.

Alberto Alesina and Paola Giuliano. “The Power of the Family,” NBER working
paper.

Barbara Reskin and Debra McBrier (2000) Why Not Ascription? Organizations’
Employment of Male and Female Managers, American Sociological Review, 65
(April 210-233).

Shelley Cornell (2001) “Gender and the Career Choice Process,” AJS
106(6):1691-1730.

Week 9 (Nov 13) Institutional Theories of Gender Inequality

Margarita Estévez-Abe. 2006. Gendering the Varieties of Capitalism: A

Comparative Study of Occupational Segregation in Advanced Industrial
Societies, World Politics.

Estevez-Abe and Katerina Linos. “Women versus Women: Effects of Wage

Inequality on Women’s Employment.”

Haya Stier, Noah Lewen-Epstein, Michael Braun. 2001. Welfare Regimes,

Family-Supportive Policies and Women’s Employment along the Life-Course,
American Journal of Sociology 106(6): 1731-1760.

Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn. 1992. “The Gender Earnings Gap: Learning
from International Comparisons.” The American Economic Review 82(2): 533-
538.

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Rachel Rosenfeld and Arnel Kallenberg (1990) “A Cross-National Comparison of
the Gender Gap in Income,” American Journal of Sociology, 69-106.

Week 10 (Nov 20) Fertility Rate

Frances Rosenbluth, Matthew Light and Claudia Schrag). 2004. “The Politics of
Gender Equality: Explaining Variation in Fertility Levels in Rich Countries,”
Women and Politics 26/2: 1-25.

Alicia Adsera. 2004. “Changing Fertility Rates in Developed Countries: The

Impact of Labor Market Institutions.” Journal of Population Economics 17: 17-
43.

Tomas Koegel. 2004. “Did the Association between fertility and Female
Employment within OECD Countries Really Change Its Sign?” Journal of
Population Economics 17: 45-65.

Anna d’Addio and Marco d’Ercole. 2005. “Trends and Determinants of Fertility
Rates,” OECD Social Employment and Migration Working Papers, no.27.

Week 11(Nov 27) (no class) Reading Not Your Mother’s Life

Detailed instructions about this week’s assignment will be provided in class.

Week 12 (Dec 4) Back to Politics 1: Gender and Voting Behavior

Torben Iversen and Frances Rosenbluth. 2004. “The Political Economy of

Gender: Explaining Cross-National Variation in Household Bargaining, Divorce,
and the Gender Voting Gap.” American Journal of Political Science 50(1): 1-19.

Edlund, Lena, and Rohini Pande. 2001. “Why Have Women Become Left-Wing?
The Political Gender Gap and the Decline in Marriage.” Working Paper,
Columbia University Department of Economics.

Andrew Oswald and Nattavudh Powdthavee. 2005. “Daughters and Left-wing

Voting.”

Carole Chaney, Michael Alvarez and Jonathan Nagler. 1998. “Explaining the
Gender Gap in US Presidential Elections, 1980-1992,” Political Research
Quarterly 51(2):311-339.

Ted Jelen, Sue Thomas and Clyde Wilcox. 1994. “The Gender Gap in
Comparative Perspective,” European Journal of Political Research 25 (2): 171-
186.

Donley Studlar, Ian McAllister and Bernadette Hayes. 1998. “Explaining the
Gender Gap in Voting: A Cross-National Analysis,” Social Science Quarterly
79(4): 779-798.

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Week 13 (Dec 11) Back to Politics 2: How did Different Policies Come
About?

Theda Skocpol et al. (1993) “Women’s Associations and the Enactment of

Mothers’ Pension in the United States,” APSR 87(3).

Kimberly Morgan. 2006. Working Mothers and the Welfare State, Chapter 2.jj

Erin Kelly and Frank Dobbin (1999) Civil Rights Law at Work: Sex
Discrimination and the Rise of Maternity Leave Policies, American Journal of
Sociology 105(2): 455-492.

Evelyn Huber and John Stephens (2000) “Partisan Governance, Women’s

Employment and the Social Democratic Service State,” American Sociological
Review, 65 (June: 323-342)

Mary Katzenstein and Carol Mueller eds. (1987) The Women’s Movements of the
United States and Western Europe, Ch 11.

Julia O’Connor, Ann Orloff and Sheila Shaver (1999) States, Markets, Families,
Ann Orloff et al, TBA.

Week 14 (Dec 18) Going Beyond Rich Countries: Women and Development

Arvonne Fraser and Irene tinker eds. Developing Power: How Women
Transformed International Development, selections.

Nalini Visvanathan, Lynn Duggan, Laurie Nisonoff and Nan Wiegersma 1997.
The Women, Gender and Development, selections.

Richard Matland and Kathleen Montgomery, selections. (Check Matland’s

syllabus that I have. Order the book.)