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Analog to Digital Converter

The easiest way to do analog to digital conversion is to use an IC such as


the ADC0804 that does the work for you. The analog voltage is applied to
pin 6 and the result is available at pins 11 through 18. We will connect pin
1 and 2 (Chip Select and Read) to ground so that the chip is always
enabled. (If you wanted to use more than one ADC you could use this pin
to control which chip is currently enabled).
Connect pin 7 (Vin - ) to ground. The ADC0804 includes an internal
oscillator which requires an external capacitor and resistor to operate.
Connect the 150 pF capacitor from pin 4 (CLOCK IN) to ground and the
10k ohm resistor from pin 4 to pin 19 (CLOCK R).

Typical connection of free running mode


ADC 0804 :
8-Bit mP Compatible A/D Converter .The ADC0801, ADC0802,
ADC0803, ADC0804 andADC0805 are CMOS 8-bit successive
approximation A/D converters that use a differential potentiometer ladder
Similar to the 256R products. These converters are de-signed to allow
operation with the NSC800 and INS8080Aderivative control bus with TRI-
STATE output latches directly driving the data bus. These A/Ds appear like
memory Locations or I/O ports to the microprocessor and no interfacing logic
is needed. Differential analog voltage inputs allow increasing the common-
mode rejection and offsetting the analog zero input voltage value. In addition,
the voltage reference input can be adjusted to allow encoding any smaller
analog voltage span to the full 8 bits of resolution.

Features :
• Compatible with 8080mP derivatives no interfacing logic needed
Access time - 135 ns
• Easy interface to all microprocessors, or operates’ stand alone’’
• Differential analog voltage inputs
• Logic inputs and outputs meet both MOS and TTL volt-age level
specifications
• Works with 2.5V (LM336) voltage reference
• On-chip clock generator
• 0 V to 5V analog input voltage range with single 5Vsupply
• No zero adjust required
• 0.3× standard width 20-pin DIP package
• 20-pin molded chip carrier or small outline package
• Operates ratio metrically or with 5 VDC, 2.5 VDC, or analog span
adjusted voltage reference
BLOCKS USED IN TEMPERATURE SENSING

Temp Sensor and ADC Section :

This section is responsible for sensing the temperature, converting it to


analog voltage and then further convert this analog voltage signal into digital data
to make it able to feed to micro-controller
To achieve this a precise temperature sensor IC LM35 is employed in this
project as shown here:

Fig 2.8
This sensor gives a constant and linear accurate voltage for every
degree centigrade rise or fall in temperature. Voltage variation is about
15mamp rise or falls with per degree centigrade rise or fall respectively.
The range of this sensor is –50 to +150 degree centigrade. In this
project the common range i.e. 0 to 128 degree of temperature is used.
The voltage obtained by IC LM35 is used to measure temperature.
Since this signal is in Analog form, we need to convert it into digital data to
make it useful for micro-controller.
For this purpose a popular 8 bit, able to interface with micro-controller,
ADC 0804 is used as shown in figure.
This 8 bit data is given to micro-controller on it’s port1. Control signals
required to ADC are Start of Conversion (Write WR), End Of Conversion
(EOC INTR) and Read Data (RD) are also connected to micro-controller.

LM35 Temperature Sensor :


The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors,
whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)
temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors
calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant
voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35
does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical
accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room temperature and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to
+150°C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at
the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise
inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially
easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus
supplies. As it draws only 60 μA from its supply, it has very low self-heating,
less than 0.1°C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a −55° to
+150°C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a −40° to +110°C
range (−10° with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged
in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and
LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The
LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and
a plastic TO-220 package.

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