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Flow and Energy Measurement for Central Energy Plants
To ensure the highest return on investment, a comprehensive metering program is essential for
managing today's complex central energy plants.
Accurate flow and energy measurement provides:
• Improved Chiller Plant Control
• Real-time Commissioning and Balancing Data
• Continuous Monitoring of Chiller Performance (KW/ton)

FM 14
Cooling Towers
CW MAIN
A Note on Energy Measurement
in Central Plant Environments
FM 13

CH-4 CH4-CW Traditionally, energy calculations

BTU 12

CH4-CHWR
(if done at all) are performed within the
building automation system based on
analog inputs from a flow transmitter
FM 11
CH-3 CH3-CW
and two temperature sensors.
BTU 10

CH3-CHWR
ONICON's Dual Turbine Flow Meter
has become the recognized standard
FM 9

CH-2 CH2-CW
for accurate, reliable flow measurement
BTU 8 at a reasonable cost. However, the
CH2-CHWR
effect of using typical HVAC grade
temperature sensors with analog
FM 7 control inputs for energy calculations
CH1-CW
BTU 6
CH-1
is widely misunderstood, resulting
CH1-CHWR
PCHWS BTU 2
in relatively high error for the
PRIMARY LOOP energy calculation.

BYPASS ONICON's System-10 BTU Meter

RETURN

SUPPLY

FM 3
utilizes a calibrated system approach
CHW BYPASS
to provide highly accurate flow,
temperature and energy data.
SECONDARY LOOP
SCHWS BTU 1 Furthermore, with a serial network
communication option, this system can
NORTH LOOP BTU 4 actually be less expensive than
SCHWS-NORTH
traditional energy calculation methods.
SOUTH LOOP BTU 5
SCHWS-SOUTH Contact an ONICON Representative
today to learn more about this exciting
improvement in energy measurement.

Meter Schedule
METER FLOW DISPLAY or
TAG DESCRIPTION POINTS LIST
# METER BTU METER
BTU 1 SCHWS Secondary Chilled Water Supply F-1200 System-10 gpm, tons, ton-hrs, Tsupply, Treturn
BTU 2 PCHWS Primary Chilled Water Supply F-1200 System-10 gpm, tons, ton-hrs, Tsupply, Treturn
FM 3 CHW BYPASS Chilled Water Bypass (decoupler) FB-1210 DB-1201 gpm, flow direction
BTU 4 SCHWS-NORTH Sec. Chilled Water Supply - North Loop F-1200 System-10 gpm, tons, ton-hrs, Tsupply, Treturn
BTU 5 SCHWS-SOUTH Sec. Chilled Water Supply - South Loop F-1200 System-10 gpm, tons, ton-hrs, Tsupply, Treturn
BTU 6 CH1-CHWR Chiller 1 - Chilled Water Return F-1200 System-10 gpm, tons, ton-hrs, Tsupply, Treturn
FM 7 CH1-CW Chiller 1 - Condenser Water F-1210 D-1201 gpm
BTU 8 CH2-CHWR Chiller 2 - Chilled Water Return F-1200 System-10 gpm, tons, ton-hrs, Tsupply, Treturn
FM 9 CH2-CW Chiller 2 - Condenser Water F-1210 D-1201 gpm
BTU 10 CH3-CHWR Chiller 3 - Chilled Water Return F-1200 System-10 gpm, tons, ton-hrs, Tsupply, Treturn
FM 11 CH3-CW Chiller 3 - Condenser Water F-1210 D-1201 gpm
BTU 12 CH4-CHWR Chiller 4 - Chilled Water Return F-1200 System-10 gpm, tons, ton-hrs, Tsupply, Treturn
FM 13 CH4-CW Chiller 4 - Condenser Water F-1210 D-1201 gpm
FM 14 CW MAIN Condenser Water Main F-1210 D-1201 gpm
0352B-1 2-1-05
 A Calibrated System for Energy Measurement
INCORPORATED
Highly Accurate, Surprisingly Affordable

Local Display of Flow, Temperature

AVAILABLE OUTPUT SIGNALS
and Energy Data TO CONTROL SYSTEM

Serial Network Options

BACnet

}
BTU X 10,000

FLOW JCI-N2 Provides all data

LON on 2-3 wires
Siemens-P1

SYSTEM-10 Pulse/Analog Signal Options

BTU METER

POWER
INCORPORATED
Energy Total (BTU) Dry Contact
Energy Rate (Tons) 4-20 mA
Flow Rate (GPM) 4-20 mA
24 or 120 VAC Supply Temp (˚F) 4-20 mA
Input Power Return Return Temp (˚F) 4-20 mA
Sensor
Delta-T (˚F) 4-20 mA

RETURN
Individual Chiller Supply System
Sensor
or Boiler Mains

SUPPLY

Networked Energy Meters BTU Meters with Pulse/Analog Outputs

BTU Meters configured with serial network communications
offer simplified wiring and greatly reduced installation cost
compared to traditional analog/pulse type outputs. The data
provided (with a single 2-3 wire LAN connection) includes:
energy total, energy rate, flow total, flow rate, supply
temperature, return temperature, delta temperature.
For applications where the existing network protocol is not
compatible with the System-10, traditional analog and pulse
type outputs can be used. In this case, a single pulse output
for energy total, and up to four analog outputs (for flow rate,
energy rate and temperatures) can be provided. Each output
for each meter must be wired to a building control system field
panel input point (AI or BI) using a twisted pair.

Typical Flow Meter Installation with Analog Output to Control System

(BTU calculation performed by control system)

AVAILABLE OUTPUT
SIGNALS TO
CONTROL SYSTEM

Flow Rate (GPM)

4-20 mA

Detail of hot tap adapter

with turbine assembly
withdrawn

FLOW

0352C-1 2-1-05
Energy Measurement and Flow Measurement Specifications INCORPORATED
For Central Energy Plant Applications (CHW, HW, CW)

Energy Measurement System Specification

The entire Energy Measurement System shall be built and calibrated by a single manufacturer, ONICON Incorporated,
and shall consist of a flow meter, two temperature sensors, a BTU meter, temperature thermowells, and all required
mechanical installation hardware. A certificate of NIST* traceable calibration shall be provided with each system.

BTU Meter: Provide an ONICON System-10 BTU Meter. The BTU meter shall provide the following points both at
the integral LCD and as outputs to the building control system: Energy Total, Energy Rate, Flow Rate, Supply
Temperature and Return Temperature. Output signals shall be either serial network (protocol conforming to
BACnet, LON, JCI-N2 or Siemens-P1) or via individual analog outputs. An isolated dry contact output shall be
provided for energy total. Each BTU meter shall be factory programmed for its specific application, and shall be
re-programmable using the front panel keypad (no special interface device or computer required).

Temperature sensors: Temperature sensors shall be loop-powered current based (mA) sensors and shall be
bath-calibrated and matched (NIST* traceable) for the specific temperature range for each application. The calculated
differential temperature used in the energy calculation shall be accurate to within ±0.15˚F (including the error from
individual temperature sensors, sensor matching, input offsets, and calculations).

Flow Meter: Provide an ONICON Model F-1200 Dual Turbine Flow Meter, complete with all installation hardware
necessary to enable insertion and removal of the meter without a system shutdown. The flow meter shall be
hand-insertable up to 400 psi. The flow meter shall have two contra-rotating axial turbines, with electronic
impedance-based sensing and an averaging circuit to reduce measurement errors due to swirl and flow profile
distortion. Each flow meter shall be individually wet-calibrated against a primary volumetric standard that is accurate
to within 0.1% and traceable to NIST*. The manufacturer's certificate of calibration shall be provided with each flow
meter. Accuracy shall be within ± 0.5% of rate at the calibrated velocity, within ± 1% of rate over a 10:1 turndown
(3.0 to 30 ft/s) and within ± 2% of rate over a 50:1 turndown (from 0.4 to 20 ft/s). Output signal shall be a 0-15 V square
wave pulse. Bi-directional meters shall be FB-1200 Series and shall include an isolated contact closure output for direction.

Flow Measurement Station Specification

Flow Meter: Provide an ONICON Model F-1210 Dual Turbine Flow Meter complete with all installation hardware
necessary to enable insertion and removal of the meter without a system shutdown. The flow meter shall be
hand-insertable up to 400 psi. The flow meter shall have two contra-rotating axial turbines, with electronic
impedance-based sensing and an averaging circuit to reduce measurement errors due to swirl and flow profile
distortion. Each flow meter shall be individually wet-calibrated against a primary volumetric standard that is accurate
to within 0.1% and traceable to NIST*. The manufacturer's certificate of calibration shall be provided with each flow
meter. Accuracy shall be within ± 0.5% of rate at the calibrated velocity, within ± 1% of rate over a 10:1 turndown
(3.0 to 30 ft/s) and within ± 2% of rate over a 50:1 turndown (from 0.4 to 20 ft/s). The flow meter shall include integral
analog output(s), 4-20 mA, 0-10V, or 0-5V. Bi-directional meters shall be FB-1210 Series and shall include an isolated
contact closure output for direction.

Optional Flow Display: Provide a D-1200 Series Display Module for local indication of flow rate and/or total.
For bi-directional applications, provide a DB-1200 series Display Module.

*National Institute of Standards and Technology

0352D-1 1500 North Belcher Road, Clearwater, Florida 33765 Tel (727) 447-6140 Fax (727) 442-5699 2-1-05
www.onicon.com E-mail: sales@onicon.com