Outline of
JapaneseSeismic Design ReviewGuide
of Nuclear PowerReactorFacilities


7 Sept. 2007

ABEHIROSHI

Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization


 


Content
 Formation of seismic design code in Japan

 Outline of Japan Nuclear Safety Committee’s

Seismic Design Review Guide;
comparing Before and Revised

 Comparison the point of seismic design practice

between Japan and USA
Conclusion


 


Formation of seismic design code in Japan

Nuclear Safety Commission
Regulatory Guide for Reviewing Seismic Design of Nuclear
Power Reactor Facilities (15pages) 1981July Established
2006 Sept. Revised
Technical
METI (Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency) support

Ministry Code No62 “Technical code for Nuclear JNES

Power Reactor Facilities Article5 Seismic requirement”
Endorse
(1 page)

Japan Electric Association (Utilities)

Technical Guidelines for Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Plants
JEAG4601 (1300pages) 1970,1984,1987,1991 Completed gradually
(English version: NUREG/CR-6241)
Nowrevising


Formation of seismic design code in Japan
NSC Seismic design Reviewing Guide
(Revised)
1.Introduction
2.Scope
3.Basic Policy
4.Classification of Importance in Seismic Design
5.Determination of design basis earthquake
ground motion
6.Principle of seismic design
Policy, Seismic force for each class
7.Load combinations and allowable limits
8.Consideration of the accompanying events of
earthquake
Tsunami, Collapse of inclined plane
NSC Introduction to Safety
Examination of Geology/Soil of NPP
( Not revised)


JEA JEAG4601 Now under revising
1.Basic items
 Purpose, Scope, Basic policy
2.Classification of Importance in Seismic Design
Classification, seismic force for each class
3.Earthquake and basic earthquake ground motion
for seismic design
Earthquake ground motion, Tsunami
evaluation
4.Geological and ground survey
5.Safety evaluation of ground and seismic design of
civil structures
R/B base, around inclined plane, outside civil
structures
6.Seismic design of building structures
Material, load combinations and allowable
limits,
structural design, response analysis, seismic
margin
7. Seismic design of equipment / piping system
Load combinations and allowable limits, seismic
force, response analysis, function maintenance
evaluation, energy absorbing support

 


Each task for the present ; after NSC Guide revised

NSC
Review Seismic Re-evaluation of Existing NPPs by utilities
Revise “Introduction to Safety Examination of Geology/Soil of NPPs”

Technical
METI (NISA) support
Review Seismic Re-evaluation of Existing NPPs by utilities
JNES
Investigate lessons learned from the Niigatakenn-tyuuetsu-
oki earthquake and effect to Kashiwazaki NPP
Upfill Ministry Code No62 Article5 “Seismic requirement”

Utilities (Japan Electric Association )

 Seismic Re-evaluation of Existing NPPs according to revised NSC Guide
 Review JEAG4601 according to lessons learned from the earthquake
and re-evaluation of NPPs

Outline of Japan Nuclear Safety Committee’s
Seismic Design Review Guide;
comparing Before and Revised
 


 NSC revised Sep. 2006 their “Regulatory Guide for

reviewing Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Reactor
Facilities” ,
to reflect seismological and seismic engineering
progress after 1995 Hyougo-ken Nanbu Earthquake.

NISA promptly required utilities to re- evaluate

seismic design of all existing NPPs according to
revised guide.

Utilities started re-evaluation from the step of

geological survey

 


1. Main points of the revision

Item Before Revised
Design Base S1: Return period more than 10000y One DBE Ss:
Earthquake Stay in elastic region Consider active fault hereafter
Definition
S2: Return period more than 50000y late Pleistocene (80000-130000y before)
 Keep function Keep function
ClassAsAcomponent Sd for design (Not earthquake) to stay in
elastic region Sd=
Ss ; .5
Class S component
Geological Use most updated knowledge and technique
Survey

Consideration of Fv= 1/2 FH (Static) Define Fv dynamically

Vertical Seismic
Force
Over DBE Possibility of over DBE earthquake cannot be
Earthquake denied. Risk by over DBE is to be assessed for
reference

Seismic As, A, B, C S (old As and A), B, C

Classification Old A class ranked up to As
Phenomena Considerthe effect of;
Consider
accompanying Tsunami,
earthquake Collapse of around inclined plane


 


1.1 DBE Definition - Earthquake Research Flow

Before 
Considered Earthquakes

Ground motion Evaluation

Past Earthquakes Basic Earthquake
Maximum Design Earthquake Ground Motion 1
Active Faults
Extreme Design Earthquake Basic Earthquake
Seismo-tectonic Features Ground Motion 2
Near Field Earthquake
Horizontal component
 
only

Revised 
Ground motion Evaluation

Design Earthquake
Considered Earthquakes Ground Motion Sd
Inter-plate Earthquakes

Shallow Inland Earthquakes Site-specific Ground motion Basic Earthquake

with specified source Ground Motion Ss
Intra-plate Earthquakes
 Both Horizontal
and Vertical
Ground motion with non-specified source 


 


DBE Definition - Earthquake Consideration

Before
Consider with each research methods
Past Earthquakes
Earthquake documents
Active faults research Active Faults
Seismicity near site
Seismo-tectonic Features

Revised

Consider with each source type

a. Inter-plate Earthquakes

b. Shallow Inland Earthquakes

c. Intra-plate Earthquakes


 


DBE Definition – Ground Motion Evaluation

Before
Empirical methods (Response spectrum evaluation)

Point source
Revised
Empirical methods + Strong motion evaluation using Earthquake source model

Evaluate the Ground motion directly

Consider the effects of the fault plane


 


DBE Definition – Near-Field Earthquake

Before
 100


Consider Near-field Earthquake (M6.5) 




by way of precaution


 10






1
Revised 0.01 0.1 1 10


Estimate the upper level of the ground

motion due to the earthquakes source  100



of which are difficult to specify in spite 




of detailed survey in the vicinity of the 

site,  10


directly on the basis of near-source 


strong motion records 
1

0.01 0.1 1 10



 


Active Faults Consideration

Before
Consider the active faults that has activity in 50,000 years
Active Fault of Low activity (Return period more than 50,000 
Consider as the source of S2
Active Fault of high activity (Return period more than 10,000 
Consider as the source of S1

Revised
For Ss, consider the active faults that has activity in the late Pleistocene
referring to last Interglacial strataabout 80,000 – 130,000 years before

Consider as the source of Inland Earthquakes for Ss


 


1. Geological Survey Revised

Requirement for most updated technique and more
detailed survey in the vicinity of the site

In-land Off-shore
Seismic profiling by
Supersonic wave survey
controlled seismic source Over 10km beneath
the sea bottom can be
searchable now

Seismic Profiling

 


1.3 Consideration of Vertical Seismic Force

Before
Consider Vertical Seismic Force as
as Horizontal, statically

Dynamic

Revised
Consider Both Horizontal and Vertical Seismic Force dynamically

Dynamic


 


2. Seismic Classification

Before
4 classes

As RPV, PCV etc. s…Designed with 2

Maintains Safety
Function
A ECCS, RHRS etc. also designed with 1
Remains within Elastic limit
B Main Turbine System etc.
…Designed with 1
C Other Facilities Remains within Elastic limit

Revised
3 classes  and As classes are integrated into S class
S…Designed with s
Maintains Safety
Function
S also designed with d
Remains within Elastic limit
B
C Sd
Ss , .5


 


Before
Aseismic classificationandseismicforce

Total of four classifications of A, B, C class, and still more important As class.



Example of Major facilities

Aseismic
Seismic force
BWR PWR
importance

Containment Vessel Containment Vessel

Control Rod Control Rod

Residual
Heat
Removal Residual
Heat
Removal
B asic earthquake


System System
ground motion S 2

Emergency Diesel Generator Emergency Diesel Generator
Reactor Pressure Vessel Reactor Vessel
etc
etc
B asic earthquake ground

motion S1 or 3.0CI either Emergency Corel Cooling System Safety injecting
System



large etc
etc

Waste Disposal System

Seismi force of 1.5CI
Waste Disposal System



Turbine equipment(Note 5)
(Note 5)
etc

etc

Main Generator

Main Generator
Seismi fo rce of 1.0CI



Turbine equipment(Note 5)
etc

etc

Note 5CI Story shear coefficient to Static force required by civil code for non-nuclear structure
Note 6  Although turbine equipment is classified into C class according to a functional classification, turbine equipment of BWR is B class


 


Revised

Total of three classifications of S, B, and C class.

(Present As andA class were unified and it considered as S class.)

It is changed into a higher rank from the present classification.

Example of Major facilities REVISION

REVISED

Aseismic
BWR PWR Seismic force

importance

Containment Vessel Containment Vessel Horizontal sesmic force and

Control Rod Control Rod vertica seismic force
Residual
Heat
Removal Residual
Heat
Removal (dynamic) due to the basic
System System earthguake ground
Emergency Diesel Generator Emergency Diesel Generator motion Ss are combined both


Reactor Pressure Vessel Reactor Vessel in the unfavorate direction
e tc
etc
Elastic design ground motion
Emergency Corel Cooling System Safety injecting
System Sd or 3.0CI either large
etc
etc

Waste Disposal System

Waste Disposal System
Turbine equipment(Note 5) 
same as present
etc

etc

Main Generator

Main Generator
Turbine equipment(Note 5) 
same as present

etc

etc


 


Before
Load combination and allowable limit
Load combination and allowable limit corresponding to four classifications

PRESENT

Aseismic Facilities

A llowable limit Load combination
importance
(1) Capability fully deformation (1 )Basic earthquake ground
(margin of ductility) as astructure motion S2
and normal load ,
and appropriate safety margin to etc
ultimate strength (2) Either b asic earthquake 
ground motion S 1 or static
(2) Allowable stress based on a load and normal load , etc

 


suitable standard andstandard
Basic earthquake ground 

Allowable stress based on a
motion S 1
or static load and 
suitable standard andstandard
normal load , etc
same as the above static load and normal load , etc 
same as the above same as the above 
(1) Even when the structure of a
portion carries out plastic (1) Basic earthquake ground
def ormation fairly, excessive motion S2
and operating
modification, a crack, breakage, load ,etc

etc. arise and the function of (2) Basic earthquak e ground
facility is not affected. motion S 1
or static load and
(2 )Yield stress or the allowable limit operating load etc

 

of equivalent safety

Basic earthquake ground 



Yield stress or the allowable limit of
motion S 1
or static load and 
equivalent safety
operating load , etc
Allowable stress based on a Static load and operating

suitable standard andstandard load ,etc
same as the above same as the above 


 


Revised

Load combination and allowable limit corresponding to three classifications

 


REVISED
Facilities


Aseismic
Load combination
Allowable limit

importance

(1)Basic earthquake
groundmotion S s

and normal load ,etc
!
 Elastic design same as present

groundmotion Sd or



static load and
normal load , etc


same as present
same as present


 Stress analysis is same as
(1)Basic earthquake the present .
groundmotion S s
(2) The check of active

and operating load , component to basic
etc earthquakegroundmotion
!


 Elastic designground Ss is based on

motion Sd or static comparison with the


load and operating acceleration using
the
load ,etc
actual probed

examination ,etc


same as present same as present



 


3Consideration to the phenomena accompanying earthquake

Before

he concrete demand is not described

The demand to the natural disaster of a landslide, tsunami or
high tide, and others is specified independently.

Revised

ollowingsshould be taked into account in the seismic design

(1) Influence of the safety function on the acilities by
collapse of a circumference slope
 Influence of the safety function on the acilities by tsunami

_ Height of installation of plant

The maximum height of tsunami
_ Water
proof
design
f










facilities or equipment
Thewater level at thetimeof highwater
etc
_ Management by the design
The minimum water lev el of tsunami of
facilities or equipment
etc


 


 Comparison the point of seismic design

practice
between Japan and USA

Here present Japan side


 


Outlines of Japanese Practice (Based on JEAG 4601)

 Load combinations and allowable stress limits
Probability
Operating
States
( / year )
Earthquake
(Ex.) Taking into account of
( / year ) occurrence of S1 in the long term
Dependent S1 (Dependent) after LOCA
Event
Combination with S1

1min
Independent Event

1hour

1day

1year

Operating states and earthquakes are combined as above, considering

probability of earthquakes and probability and duration of accidents.

 


Allowable Stress of Piping (Type 1)

Stress Class
Allowable
Primary stress Primary + Primary +
stress state
(including bending stress) Secondary stress Secondary + Peak stress

AS 2.25 Sm
Fatigue usage factor
3 Sm
<= 1.0
AS 3 Sm

S1 (AS) , S2 (AS)


 


2. Spectrum Modal Analysis

Design FRS FRS

6. Dynamic Design Analysis of Components 5. Making of FRS for Reasonable

Based on their Own Proper Periods Evaluation of Components

3. Input the DBE into the 4. Response Analysis

Building, Taking into
Account of the Ground of the Building

2. Design Base Earthquake 1. Target Spectrum of DBE


 


2.1.1 Structures

Shear-Beam Modeling of
Building

Consolidates each mass of

each facility and building
structure to the floor Level

Evaluate Stiffness of
Column & Bearing-Wall
against Bending-Moment &
Shear Force


 


Response Analysis of Building

Modeling of Building

Input Ground-Motion from

Analysis of Soil

Evaluate Response of
Each Floor


 


 Stress must be below allowable stress

 Deformation must be below allowable deformation
 Shear strain must be below allowable strain for Ss
Maximum Load

Stress

Collapse

Linear Area
Allowable
Strain for Ss Limit Strain

Shear Strain


 


Structures Model Mass-Stiffness Modeling

FEM Modeling
Beam Element (Wall) Beam Element(Wall)

Mass Beam Element(Floor)

Mass


Mass-Stiffness Model 3-D FEM Model


 


Structures design result

Japan  USA
Occasionally, static force 3Ci * ?
(for As,A Building) is dominant

* 3 times larger than civil code for

general structure


 


Structures - Wall
 The walls of NPPs’, arranged in a well-balanced manner, are
about 10 times as thick as those of general buildings.
 Reinforcement have a far large diameter than that of
general buildings, and is arranged more densely.


 


Structures - Base mat

The NPPs have strong foundation slabs 3 – 7 meters thick to
withstand a great seismic force.

about 3 – 7 m


 


2.1.2 Piping Systems

Dynamic Design Analysis of equipments based on their own
proper periods
Response Acceleration (G)

Input

RPV

Own Proper Periods (s)

Allowable Stress
ex.
Allowable stress state AS  2.25Sm
Allowable stress state AS  3Sm
Evaluation
Response Stress < Allowable Stress


 


Design floor response spectrum, Damping Factor

Japan USA
Design floor response spectrum:

10Peak Broadening to absorb ?

model or analysis uncertainty

Damping Factor
JEAG4601 RG1.61
variable according to
piping 0.52.5 
stress level
welded structure 1.0
bolt, rivet fixture 2.0
 PCCV 3.0
reinforced concrete 5.0

 


2.2 Time Historical Analysisfor major facilities

Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV)

 Earthquake responses of some
PCV RPV components around reactor are
Reactor Building

Stabilizer Stabilizer
Separator evaluated as a coupled system
with the building and the
Thermal Wall

Shroud
ground.
Fuel Assembly

CRD Guide Tube

CRD Housing

Acceleration (Gal)
Diaphragm Floor Input DBE wave

Time (s)

 


Piping and component supportdesign

Japan  USA
Support for hot piping and
component;

 Mechanical snubber or Stickingproblem

Oil snubber usually resolved?
adopted

 Energy absorbing support

like Lead Damper will be
adopted for APWR

( Code prepared and

verification test finished)

 


Main Steam & Feed Water PipingSystem

with Energy Absorbing Support

scale : 1/2.5
maximum input motion : 2.5S2