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RM Project

Go Green: Can Paper replace Plastic?

MET MFM Semester II


Our World
 Home to millions of species
including humans. The Earth
provides resources that are
exploitable by humans for
useful purposes.

 Plastic Defined: synthetic


polymeric substance that can
be given any required shape
 Paper Defined: material
manufactured in thin sheets
from the pulp of wood or
other fibrous substances
OUR WORLD ENGULFED IN
POPULATION , POLLUTION &
PLASTIC.
Plastic v/s Paper
Plastic Bags Paper Bags
 80% Plastic /polythene is  The paper grocery bag is
produced from natural gas an American innovation
 Manipulated into any
and was designed in 1883.
shape, size, form or color.  Made of Kraft paper, it is
 5.2% are recycled
known for its strength and
 94.8% thrown on landfill
course texture. It’s strength
 Most plastic don’t lends to its reusability.
biodegrade.  Paper comes from trees –
 Most likely, every single
and lots of them.
piece of plastic created is
still here on this planet.  Even if they end up in land
That’s a lot of plastic. fill, it will degrade.
Research Objective
To understand people’s choice in paper or plastic bags
To analyze if given an option will people change their
preference.
To check the awareness in society with respect to
manufacturing of paper and plastic bags.
Ultimately suggest a way out To reduce PLASTIC.
Research Design
 Research Design:
 Complex and involved imparting objectivity to factors that are inherently
subjective in nature.
 Data is a sample representative of the population which was selected on
random basis.
 Data is collected from shoppers and consumers who use plastic or paper
bags while retailing at regular interval of time.
 Sample Size is based on an estimate as the population data cannot be
calculated to a precision.
 This research was divided into four major parts:
 Brainstorming
 Survey by questionnaire
 Analysis
 Conclusion
Elements of Survey
Following information was essential to conduct the
research & survey:
Type of bag people the consumers are currently using
How often such plastic bags are used and if they are
recycled
What is the purpose of using plastic bag
Attributes of plastic and paper bags
Awareness among the people on side effects of plastic bags
Level of acceptance among consumers if paper bags are
provided
Sampling: Consumers and Shoppers who regularly
purchase from retail outlets and who are from different:
Geographical locations within Mumbai
Industries
Demographics
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis Testing:
Null hypothesis - Statement regarding the value(s) of
unknown parameter(s). Typically will imply no association
between explanatory and response variables in our
applications (will always contain an equality)
Alternative hypothesis - Statement contradictory to the null
hypothesis (will always contain an inequality)

Null Hypothesis:
 H0: Paper bags cannot replace the Plastic bags
Alternate Hypothesis:
H1: Paper bags can replace Plastic bags
80%

70%
 How many times does a person shop
60% 26%
in a month and the amount spend?
50% 38%
Preferred bag? Spending Power
40%
 Result: Shopping count
30%
 The survey to understand the 45%
20% 13%
demographics of consumers using 10%
29% 15%
7%
13%
paper & plastic bags has revealed 1%
1%
7% 5%
0%
that: 1 2 3 4 5 6
 Of the majority of the consumers
who go shopping 5-6 times a month
approximately 50% of consumers
9%
prefer plastic bags.
 Of the number of consumers who 27% 51% Plastic
spend on an average of Rs. 3000- Paper
13%
4000 per month, approximately 45% Cloth
of consumers prefer plastic bags. Other
 Preferences: Paper/Plastic :
 74% of the sample size uses 45% 42% 43%

plastic bag. 40%

 21% prefers paper bags 35% 32%


29%
30%
 Plastic bags is used for the 25%
Plastic %

7% Paper %
following purposes: 20% 10% 17% 17%
42%
15% Shopping
 42% of population uses plastic 10% 28% 7% 7% Storing
4%
bags during their Shopping. 5% 13%
2% Carrying

0% Trash
 Source of plastic bags does Very Often 33%
Often
5%
Sometimes Rarely Never Other

come from the retail segment. Recycle it


62%
 What do you with your plastic Reuse it
Throw it
bag?
 Reuse :62%
 Showing a desire of durability.
Statistical Tools Applied
 Z-test is the statistical test which we have applied since our sample size (n) ≥
30.
 Formula used: ( p1  p2 )  ( p1  p 2)
z
p1q1 p 2 q 2

n1 n2

 Applied on parameters like:


 Appearance
 Durability
 Availability
 Multipurpose Use
 Eco-Friendly
Ratings: Paper and Plastic
Durability:
Durability Score Plastic Bags Paper Bags
Agree 102 40
Disagree 15 56

( p1  p2 )  ( p1  p 2)
Z Test: z
p1q1 p 2 q 2

n1 n2
 p1 = 102/150 = 0.680; q1 = (1- p1) = 0.320
 p2 = 40/150 = 0.2667; q2 = (1-p2) = 0.7333
 Calculate value Z = 7.87 & Table Value:1.96

 Conclusion: Calculated value of Z= 7.87 which is more than Table value


of Z= 1.96 on a level of significance= 0.05.
 Therefore , Reject the null hypotheses and accept the alternate hypotheses.
Ratings: Paper and Plastic
Multi-Purpose:
Multipurpose Score Plastic Bags Paper Bags
Agree 118 56
Disagree 15 51

( p1  p2 )  ( p1  p 2)
z
Z Test: p1q1 p 2 q 2

n1 n2

 P1 = 118/150 = 0.7867; q1 = (1-p1) = 0.2133


 P2 = 46/150 = 0.3733; q2 = (1-q2) = 0.6267
 Calculate value Z = 7.87 & Table Value:1.96

 Conclusion: Calculated value of Z= 7.99 which is more than Table value


of Z= 1.96 on a level of significance= 0.05.Therefore , Reject the null
hypotheses and accept the alternate hypotheses.
Survey Results
 Appearance: 30% like the
paper bag

 Durability: 23% opt for


35%
the durability of plastic
32%
30% 30%
30%
26%
25% 23%

 Availability: 30% say 20% 17%


plastic is available easily. 15% 12%
15% Paper Bag
11% Plastic Bag
10%
4%
 Multipurpose: 26% reuse 5%

plastic bag to the max. 0%


Appearance Durability Availability Multipurpose Eco-Friendly
Use

 Eco-Friendly: 32% people


are aware that paper bags
are eco friendly.
Aware but still Ignoring

0
100%
18%
90%
80%
70% 65%
60%
100% No
50%
82%
40% Yes
30%
20% 35%
10%
0%
Human health Harm the environment Wastage of water and
problems destruction of forests
Are you willing to Change?
 People using plastic vary in
the range of 40%-60%

 In spite of the fact that 85%


of the sample size is aware 55%
about the hazards of the 60%

plastic they still prefer 50% 40%


plastic due to durability and 40%
multipurpose factors.
30%
 Paper bags are the key to
deforestation and wastage of 20%

water in tons. 65% people 10% 5%


0%
are not yet aware about this. 0%
Definitely Probably Probably Not Definitely Not

 If provided with good


quality paper bags 55% of
the sample size is willing to
change from plastic to paper
bags.
SAVING THE EARTH, ONCE CHOICE AT A
TIME

 Presented by:
Sumaiya Dalal: 68
Rahul Mahabare: 88
Himshree Shelar: 105
Prashant Soni: 108
Deepak Supal: 109

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