ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Name – Saqib Pandor
Roll No. – 34
Subject – Advertising and Marketing Research
Class – T.Y.B.M.M (sem. VI)
Assignment on “ What is the perception about Public Transportion”

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am proud and grateful to record our deepest sense of sincere thanks to our
Professor In charge of Advertising and Marketing Research, Professor Hanif
Lakdawala for giving me encouragement, time and guidance. His critical and
detailed comments and full support helped and benefited me greatly in carrying out
this project.
Introduction
Problem Discovery
A lot of people are tied down to public transport. Buses, trains, boats and other methods of
transportation are used every day by millions of people. A lot of them are happy or at least
satisfied with using buses every day, but there're some problems.
The first problem can be found in the word "public". Yes, it means there're going to be other
people there. And should you want this? Well I think not. Don't get me wrong it can be fun with
other people around. The person next to you could be the love of your life, or a wise man that
triggers a sudden life changing realization. Or for the horror fans out there, a killer of someone or
something. But most of the time the people next to you are going to annoy you in some way.
Perfect examples of this are mothers with babies, rappers who listen to music through the phone
speaker or old people. The latter will look disapprovingly when you try to make yourself more
comfortable by using two seats. Anyway, other people can be a problem.
Problem Definition
This issue will be defined as “what is the general perception among people about public
transportation”
State Research Objective
To find out the general perception among people about public transportation?
To find out whether public transportation decrease oil consumption?
To find out whether public transportation reduces household expenditure?
To get the study published in newspapers, magazine and also a blog on the internet would be the
appropriate mediums.
Tentative Hypothesis
If public transport is punctual and clean then more people will travel by public transport.
View’s of 5 people
Name – Ruhi Shaikh Age – 19
“Be one minute late and be prepared to wait another hour before the next train arrives.”
Name – Yusuf Pasha Age - 19

“You can’t leave at your time; you have to leave according to their time.”
Name – Walid Surve Age – 21

“I love watching new faces.”
Name – Rahil Parker Age – 20

“Often the seat is simply too dirty to sit on.”
Name – Farhad Kazi Age – 20

“I got inspired to write a story while travelling in a train.”
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
The rapid growth of India’s urban population has put enormous strains on all transport
systems. Burgeoning travel demand far exceeds the limited supply of transport
infrastructure and services. Public transport, in particular, has been completely overwhelmed.
Most bus and train services are overcrowded, undependable, slow, inconvenient,
uncoordinated, and dangerous. Moreover, the public ownership and operation
of most public transport services has greatly reduced productivity and inflated costs.
India’s cities desperately need improved and expanded public transport service.
Unfortunately, meager government financial assistance and the complete lack of
any supportive policies, such as traffic priority for buses, place public transport in an
almost impossible situation.
Public transport faces severe problems in almost all countries of the developing
world, although the situation varies from one country to another, and even from
Note: This article originally appeared in Volume 7, Number 3. Because of printing
irregularities in that issue, we are reprinting it. Perhaps most important, the lack of
financial resources prevents necessary investments in maintaining and upgrading
existing bus and rail systems and building new ones. Likewise, many advanced
technologies long available in Western Europe are simply not affordable in most
developing countries. Public transport systems in the Third World are plagued
by chronic corruption and inefficiency, overcrowded and undependable service,
congested roadways that slow down buses, and an operating environment that is
often chaotic and completely uncoordinated.
Those problems of public transport occur within the broader context of daunting
urban transport problems in general. Air pollution, noise, congestion, and traffic
fatality levels are often much more severe than those of developed countries. One
might expect the much lower incomes in developing countries to assure a huge
potential market of public transport riders. In fact, many city residents are so poor
that they cannot afford even low fares, and routes are not designed to serve the
poor at any rate. Thus, the poor in developing countries suffer even more than
those in the Western World from low levels of mobility and accessibility, especially
to jobs.
In many respects, the situation in India is typical of other developing countries. The
most important commonality is India’s low per-capita income—only US $2,540 in
2002, less than a tenth of the average incomes of countries in North America and
Western Europe (Central Intelligence Agency 2002). With 23 percent of its urban
population living in poverty, India has been forced to keep its public transport
fares extremely low. That has sharply restricted the operating revenues of all public
transport systems, making it difficult to afford even routine maintenance and
vehicle replacement, let alone system modernization and expansion.
Poverty is not only a problem at the individual level, but also in the public sector,
with cities and transport systems desperately lacking the necessary financial
resources for investment in infrastructure, vehicles, new technologies, and fare
subsidies. The financial problems stemming from India’s low per-capita income are
probably the most important challenges facing Indian public transport, but there
are many others as well: inefficiency, roadway congestion, traffic accidents, lack of
planning, overcrowding, noise, and total lack of coordination of any kind.
Problems and Challenges
The sharply rising demands for public transport have overwhelmed the existing
public transport systems in India. Trains and buses in most cities are dangerously
overcrowded. On suburban rail lines in Mumbai, peak-hour trains must carry
more than twice their maximum design capacity, leading to inhuman traveling
conditions, with so-called “super dense crush loads” of 14 to 16 standing passengers
per square meter of floor space.
On peak-hour trains, many passengers are forced to hang out
doors and windows or to ride between train cars or even hang on the outsides of
cars. Suburban trains and stations seem hopelessly overcrowded and desperately
need expanded capacity.
Buses in Indian cities are doubly disadvantaged by congested conditions. Buses
themselves are seriously overcrowded, with some passengers forced to ride on the
outsides of vehicles. In addition, however, buses must negotiate extremely congested,
narrow streets, with no separate rights-of-way at all, having to fight with a
mixed array of animal-drawn carts, minivans, cars, taxis, motorized two-wheelers,
auto rickshaws, pedestrians, cyclists, and street vendors. Severe roadway congestion
has slowed down most buses to a crawl during much of the day—as slow as 6
to 10 km per hour in many large cities
These congested conditions in public transport vehicles, stations, and rights-ofway

not only slow down travel but make it outright dangerous. Tens of thousands
of public transport passengers are killed or injured every year in accidents. Many
buses and trams do not even have doors and windows that can be closed, and
that only encourages passengers to ride by protruding from inside the vehicle
or by hanging on from outside. Clearly, riding on the roofs or sides of buses and
trains is inherently unsafe and results directly from the severe undercapacity of
public transport systems in India. Slow, uncomfortable, undependable, and unsafe
conditions in the early 1990s led to riots of passengers protesting these inhumane
conditions, forcing some of the service expansion efforts described later in this
article.
One consequence of insufficient service quantity and terrible service quality is
that public transport has been losing market share in many cities. Dissatisfied
public transport passengers are increasingly turning to the private car, and even
more dramatically, to the relatively low-cost motorized two-wheelers, which have
experienced a boom in ownership and use in the past 10 years. As shown in Figure
3, the total number of private cars and motorized two-wheelers increased roughly
four times faster than the number of buses over recent decades.
DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURE USED
Descriptive research:
Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and

characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive
research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how...
Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research
cannot describe what caused a situation. Thus, Descriptive research cannot be used
to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. In other words,
descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity.
The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations.
Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research, is to conduct a
survey investigation. Qualitative research often has the aim of description and
researchers may follow-up with examinations of why the observations exist and
what the implications of the findings are.
In short descriptive research deals with everything that can be counted and studied.
But there are always restrictions to that. Your research must have an impact to the
lives of the people around you.
Method of descriptive research:
Descriptive research seeks to depict what already exists in a group or population. An example
of this type of research would be an opinion poll to determine which Presidential candidate
people plan to vote for in the next election. Descriptive studies do not seek to measure the effect
of a variable; they seek only to describe.
Sources of data
Self- Administered Questionnaire
Name –
Qualification –
Company/Designation –
Address –
Telephone –
1) Strongly Agree
2) Agree
3) Neither Agree nor Disagree
4) Disagree
5) Strongly Disagree
What is the Perception about Public Transportation?

 Tick on your choices as mentioned above
1 2 3 4 5
Waiting for a person or anything that is not punctual gets

to your head and makes you angry.
Crowd in public transport makes you feel uneasy.
Public transport = save money + save petrol + reduce your
carbon footprint.
Public transport reduces travel costs and sizes.
Nothings better than getting into a bus, catching a seat,
plugging in your earphones and losing yourself in a
different world for some time without stressing about the
traffic on your ride home.
When you are in a hurry, public transport is always late.
The negative aspect of public transport is that it stops at
every stop.
Cleanliness is next to Godliness.
Anything that is clean makes you happy.
We think twice before entering a dirty place.
A clean environment makes you feel healthy.
If the seats in public transport are dirty then you won’t sit
on it.
You can’t leave at your time because of the vague timings
of public transport.
Often public transport makes you late for the office or for
your work.
A dirty place or thing leaves a negative impact on your
mind.
SOURCES OF DATA, METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS OF DATA GATHERING

1.
Number of respondents
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4 Number of respondents
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 16 respondents strongly agree that waiting for a person or anything that is
not punctual gets to your head and makes you angry.
2.
16
14
12
10
8
6
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 14 respondents agree that crowd in public transport makes you feel
uneasy.
3.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
4
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 19 respondents agree that public transport = save money + save petrol +
reduce your carbon footprint.
4.
25
20
15
10
5
Out of 25 respondents, 20 respondents agree that public transport reduces travel costs and sizes.
5.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
2
1
0
Out of 25 respondents, 9 respondents neither agree nor disagree that nothings better that getting
into a bus, catching a seat, plugging in your earphones and losing yourself in a different world
for some time without stressing about the traffic on your ride home.
6.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
4
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 18 respondents strongly agree that when you are in a hurry, public
transport is always late.
7.
14
12
10
8
6
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 12 respondents agree that the negative aspect of public transport is that it
stops at every stop.
8.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
4
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 19 respondents strongly agree that cleanliness is next to godliness.
9.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 17 respondents agree that anything that is clean makes you happy.
10.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 17 respondents agree that we think twice before entering a dirty place.
11.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
4
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 18 respondents agree that a clean environment makes you feel healthy.
12.
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 16 respondents agree that if the seats in public transport are dirty then you
won’t sit on it.
13.
14
12
10
8
6
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 16 respondents agree that you can’t leave at your time because of the
vague timings of public transport.
14.
14
12
10
8
6
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 13 respondents agree that often public transport makes you late for the
office or for your work.
15.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
4
2
0
Out of 25 respondents, 19 respondents agree that a dirty place or thing leaves a negative impact
on your mind.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
The sampling procedure used is Random Sampling procedure.

In random sampling, each item or element of the population has an equal chance of being chosen
at each draw. A sample is random if the method for obtaining the sample meets the criterion of
randomness (each element having an equal chance at each draw).
Random sampling is the purest form of probability sampling. Each member of the population
has an equal and known chance of being selected. When there are very large populations, it is
often difficult or impossible to identify every member of the population, so the pool of available
subjects becomes biased.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
Percenntage showing how many people strongly agree and agree
1.
18
16
14
12
0
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree
Around 100% people strongly agree and agree that waiting for a person or anything that is not
punctual gets to your head and makes you angry.
2.
16
14
12
10
8
0
Around 84% people strongly agree and agree that crowd in public transport makes you feel
uneasy.
3.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Around 80% people strongly agree and agree that public transport = save money + save petrol +
reduce your carbon footprint.
4.
25
20
15
10
0
Around 80% people strongly agree and agree that public transport reduces travel costs and sizes.
5.
9
0
Around 24% people strongly agree and agree that nothings better than getting into a bus,
catching a seat, plugging in your earphones and losing yourself in a different world for some
time without stressing about the traffic on your ride home.
6.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Around 96% people strongly agree and agree that when you are in a hurry, public transport is
always late.
7.
14
12
10
0
Around 60% people strongly agree and agree that the negative aspect of public transport is that
it stops at every stop.
8.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Around 100% people strongly agree and agree that Cleanliness is next to Godliness.
9.
18
16
14
12
0
Around 100% people strongly agree and agree that anything that is clean makes you happy.
10.
18
16
14
12
0
Around 96% people strongly agree and agree that we think twice before entering a dirty place.
11.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Around 96% people strongly agree and agree that a clean environment makes you feel healthy.
12.
18
16
14
12
0
Around 88% people strongly agree and agree that if the seats in public transport are dirty then
you won’t sit on it.
13.
14
12
10
0
Around 60% people strongly agree and agree that you can’t leave at your time because of the
vague timings of public transport.
14.
14
12
10
0
Around 60% people strongly agree and agree that often public transport makes you late for the
office or for your work.
15.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Around 88% people strongly agree and agree that a dirty place or thing leaves a negative impact
on your mind.
MAJOR FINDINGS:
Hence, the above findings of the data collections and methods show that the hypothesis has been
accepted.
CONCLUSION:
Therefore the conclusion of the project is that the hypothesis has been accepted by the
respondents due to high rate of agreement. This has been found after doing a random sampling
through questionnaires , the result has turned out positive.
REFERENCE:
End Notes:
“The mastery of the turn is the story of how aviation became practical as a means of
2
transportation. It is the story of how the world became small.” By William Langewiesche
Bibliography:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_research
http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/ss/expdesintro.htm
by Kendra Cherry
http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/A35563.html
http://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.html
Acharya, R. 2000. Indian railways: Where the commuter is king. Japan Railways and
Transport Review 25, October: 34–45.
Association of State Road Transport Undertakings. 2002b. STU policy issue. Delhi,
India: ASRTU. Available at: http://www.asrtu.org/stu_policy.htm. Accessed:
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Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. 2003a. Project update. New Delhi, India: Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation. Available at: http://www.delhimetrorail.com/home/
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Marwah, B. R., V. K. Sibal, and S. Sawant. 2001. Bus transport in Delhi. In Morris,
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2-
http://thinkexist.com/quotation/the_mastery_of_the_turn_is_the_story_of_how/332992.ht
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Name – Saqib Pandor

Subject – Advertising and Marketing Research

Class – T.Y.B.M.M (sem. VI)

Assignment on “ What is the perception about Public Transportion”

State Research Objective

Name – Yusuf Pasha Age - 19

Name – Walid Surve Age – 21

Name – Rahil Parker Age – 20

Name – Farhad Kazi Age – 20

Problems and Challenges

These congested conditions in public transport vehicles, stations, and rights-ofway

Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and

Method of descriptive research:

Self- Administered Questionnaire

What is the Perception about Public Transportation?

Waiting for a person or anything that is not punctual gets

SOURCES OF DATA, METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS OF DATA GATHERING

Out of 25 respondents, 19 respondents strongly agree that cleanliness is next to godliness.

The sampling procedure used is Random Sampling procedure.

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