LIST OFCOURSES OF STUDIES FOR B.S.

(Hons) IN SPACE SCIENCE

The students who will choose to study Space Science as major subject for four years B.S.
(HONS)(HONS)degree must meet the following requirements in addition to the special requirements.

B.S. (Hons) Courses (Combination of Elective Subjects)

Space Science, Physics and Mathematics

Subject Credit Hours

English (Language) 04
Islamic Studies 02
Pakistan Studies 02
Foreign Languages 03
Computer Lab 03
Space Science 103
Physics 27
Mathematics 18
Total Credit Hours : 162

List of Courses and Credit Hours For B.S. (Hons) in Space Science

Semester-I
English Language ENG 101 CR. 2 (2-0)
Islamic Studies ISL 102 CR. 2 (2-0)
Fundamental Astronomy SSC 103 CR. 3 (3-0)
Mechanics SSC 104 CR. 3 (3-0)
Physics Lab-I SSC 105 CR. 1 (0-3)
Calculus-I SSC 106 CR. 3 (3-0)
Geometry SSC 107 CR. 3 (3-0)

Semester-II
English Language ENG 201 CR. 2 (2-0)
Pakistan Studies PKS 202 CR. 2 (2-0)
Solar System Astronomy SSC 203 CR. 3 (3-0)
Atmospheric Science SSC 204 CR. 3 (3-0)
Space Science Lab-I SSC 205 CR. 1 (0-3)
Electricity and Magnetism SSC 206 CR. 3 (3-0)
Physics Lab-II SSC 207 CR. 1 (0-3)
Calculus-II SSC 208 CR. 3 (3-0)

Semester-III
Foreign Languages LNG 301 CR. 3 (3-0)
(Arabic / French / German)
Programming Languages SSC 302 CR. 3 (3-0)
Astrophysics SSC 303 CR. 3 (3-0)
Fundamentals of Rockets SSC 304 CR. 3 (3-0)
Space Science Lab-II SSC 305 CR. 1 (0-3)
Physics Lab-III SSC 306 CR. 1 (0-3)
Differential Equations SSC 307 CR. 3 (3-0)

Semester-IV
Database Management Systems SSC 401 CR. 3 (3-0)
Special Relativity SSC 402 CR. 3 (3-0)
Modern Physics SSC 403 CR. 3 (3-0)
Meteorology SSC 404 CR. 3 (3-0)
Analogue Electronics SSC 405 CR. 3 (3-0)
Space Science Lab-III SSC 406 CR. 1 (0-3)
Analogue Electronics Lab SSC 407 CR. 1 (0-3)

Semester-V
Mathematical Techniques SSC 501 CR. 3 (3-0)
Climatology SSC 502 CR. 3 (3-0)
Aerospace Systems SSC 503 CR. 3 (3-0)
Remote Sensing-I SSC 504 CR. 3 (3-0)
Electronic Communications SSC 505 CR. 3 (3-0)
Remote Sensing Lab-I SSC 506 CR. 1 (0-3)

Semester-VI
Geo-statistics SSC 601 CR. 3 (3-0)
Quantum Mechanics SSC 602 CR. 3 (3-0)
Electrodynamics SSC 603 CR. 3 (3-0)
Remote Sensing-II SSC 604 CR. 3 (3-0)
Digital Electronics SSC 605 CR. 3 (3-0)
Remote Sensing Lab-II SSC 606 CR. 1 (0-3)
Digital Electronics Lab SSC 607 CR. 1 (0-3)

SEMESTER - VII
Research Methods SSC 701 CR. 3 (3-0)
Space Plasma SSC 702 CR. 3 (3-0)
Image Processing SSC 703 CR. 3 (3-0)
Image Processing Lab SSC 704 CR. 1 (0-3)
Weather Analysis & Forecasting SSC 705 CR. 3 (3-0)
Project Report SSC 706 CR. 3 (3-0)

SEMESTER – VIII
Cosmology SSC 801 CR. 3 (3-0)
Reimann’s Geometry SSC 802 CR. 3(3-0)
Electronic Comm. Systems SSC 803 CR. 3 (3-0)
Electronic Comm. Systems Lab SSC 804 CR. 1 (0-3)
Geographical information systems SSC 805 CR. 3 (3-0)
Geographical information systems Lab SSC 806 CR. 1 (0-3)
Project Report SSC 807 CR. 3(3-0)

* Continuation of the project report taken up in Semester-VII

DETAILED OUTLINES OF COURSES OF STUDIES FOR B.S. (Hons)

Semester-I

SSC 103 FUNDAMENTAL ASTRONOMY CR. 3 (3-0)

Spherical Trigonometry, The Earth, The Celestial Sphere, Horizontal and Equatorial Systems of
Coordinates, Perturbations of Coordinates, Positional Astronomy, Astronomical Time Systems, The
Equation of Time, Motions of Celestial Bodies, Equation of Motion, Equation of the Orbit, Orbital
Elements and Kepler’s Laws, Position in the Orbit, Escape Velocity, Virial Theorem, The Jeans Limit.

Books Recommended:
1. W. M. Smart, Foundations of Astronomy, Longmans, Green and Company.
2. A. E. Roy and D. Clarke, Astronomy: Principles and Practice, Adam Higher Ltd., Bristol,
1977.
3. Michael Zeilik and John Gaustad, Astronomy: The Cosmic Perspective, Second Edition, John
Wiley & Sons Inc. 1990.
4. H. Karttunen, P. Kroger, H. Oja, M. Poutanen, K. J. Donner, Fundamental Astronomy, Third
Revised and Enlarged Edition, Springer, 2000.
5. Fundamental Astronomy by H. Karttunen et al.

SSC 104 MECHANICS CR. 3 (3-0)

Vector Analysis, Scalar and Vector Fields, Products of Vectors, Line and Surface Integrals, Vector
Area, Vector Calculus, Motion along a Straight Line, Motion in Two and Three Dimensions, Projectile
Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, Rotatory and Oscillatory Motion, Relative Motion, Force and Motion,
Newton’s Laws and their Applications, Friction and Terminal Speed, Work and Kinetic Energy, Work
done by Various Forces, Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy, System of Particles, Center of
Mass and Linear Momentum, Systems with Varying Mass, External Forces and Internal Energy
Changes, Theory of Collisions, Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions, Collisions in One and
Two Dimensions.

Books Recommended:
1. David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, 1993.
2. David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, 2001.
3. H. D. Young and R. A. Freedman, University Physics, 9th Edition, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company Inc, 1996.
4. Robert Resnick, David Halliday and Krane, Fundamentals of Physics, 5th Edition, John Wiley
and Sons Inc, New York, 2002.
5. Sears, Zemansky and H. D. Young, University Physics, 8th Edition, Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA, 2000.

SSC 105 PHYSICS LAB-I CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform at least five out of the following and similar experiments.

1. To study the compound pendulum and find the value of “g” by drawing a graph between
distance from the center of gravity and time period.
2. To determine the modulus of rigidity of a wire by dynamical method using Maxwell’s needle.
3. To determine the modulus of rigidity of the material of a flat spiral spring.
4. To find the modulus of rigidity of a wire by some statical method.
5. To determine the Young’s modulus of the material of a flat spiral spring.
6. To determine the surface tension of water by capillary tube method.
7. To determine the vertical distance between two points with the help of a sextant apparatus.
8. To determine the height of an inaccessible object by using a sextant apparatus.

Books Recommended:
1. M. H. Musaddiq, A Text Book of Experimental Physics, 5th revised Edition, Allied Book
Centre, Lahore.
2. B. L. Worsnop and H. T. Flint, Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Methuen Educational
Ltd.
3. David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, 1993.
4. H. D. Young and R. A. Freedman, University Physics, 9th Edition, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company Inc, 1996.
SSC 106 CALCULUS-I CR. 3 (3-0)

Rational and Irrational Numbers, Bounded Set of Real Numbers, Infinum & Supremum, Infinite
Sequence and its Convergence, Sum and Product, Recurrence Relations of Sequence and
Convergence Applications, Real Valued Functions, Limits of Functions, Limits of Functions Via
Sequence, Continuity and Discontinuity, Intermediate Value Theorem and its Consequences,
Derivative of a Function, Derivative of Some Special Functions, Extreme Values, Their Evaluation
and Application.

Books Recommended:
1. George B. Thomas, Ross B. Finney, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Addison Wesley
Publishing Company.
2. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum et al., Calculus - Single and Multivariable, 3rd Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
3. Gerald L. Bradley, Karl J. Smith, Calculus, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999.

SSC 107 GEOMETRY CR. 3 (3-0)

Survey of Euclidean Geometry, The Axioms, Theorems of Plane Figures, Some Constructions,
Symmetries, The General Equation of Conics, Tangent, Normal and Asymptotes, Vectors: Inner
Products, Direct Line, Orthogonal Projections, Equation of Line in Symmetric Forms, Direction Ratios
and Direction Cosine, Plane: The Normal Form, The General Form of Equation, Distance of a Point
from a Plane, Angle Between Two Planes, The Line of Intersection of Two Planes, The Parametric
Equation, Surfaces: Equation of Surface, Space Curves, Plane Sections, Surfaces of Revolutions,
Symmetries, Lines on Cylinders, Tangents Lines, Planes: Quadric Surfaces: Sphere, Ellipsoids,
Quadric Cones, Hyperboloids, Paraboloids, Cylinders, Spherical Coordinates: Azimuth and Elevation,
Other Spherical Coordinates, Matrices of Planer Rotations, Stabilization of Coordinates.

Books Recommended:
1. George B.Thomas & Ross L.Finney, Calculus and Analytic Geometry.
2. Abraham Spitzbart, Analytic Geometry.
3. Charles Wexler, Analytic Geometry a Vector Approach.
4. Filler Parker, Analytic Geometry & Calculus

Semester-II

SSC 203 SOLAR SYSTEM ASTRONOMY CR. 3 (3-0)

Some Basic Concepts, Distances and Directions, The Visible Sky, Constellations, Angular
Measurements, Parallax, The Earth-Moon System, Physical Properties of Terrestrial and Jovian
Planets, Planetary Distances and Diameters, Density, Rotational Periods and Surface Temperatures,
Asteroids and Comets, Meteors and Meteorites, Theories of Origin of Solar System, The Sun: Our
Home Star, Physical Properties of the Sun, The Pressure and Temperature of Solar Interior, The
Gravitational and Nuclear Energy, Radiations from the Cosmos.

Books Recommended:
1. Universe by W. J. Kaufmann, W. H.Freeman and Company, New York. (1985).
2. Astronomy-The Cosmic Perspective by M. Zeilik and J. Gaustad, John Wiley & Sons. (1990).
3. Astronomy Today, McMillan, 5th edition, 2005.
4. Fundamental Astronomy, H. Karttunen et al., , Springer, 2000, 3rd Edition.
5. Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics by M. Zeilik and S. A. Gregory, Saunders College
Publishing, (1998), 4th Edition.
6. In Quest of the Universe by K. F. Kuhn and T. Koupelis, USA, Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
(2001), 3rd Edition.
7. Astrophysical Concepts by Martin Harwit, Springer-Verlag, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y, (1998),
3rd Edition.
8. Cosmology – The Structure and Evolution of the Universe by G. Contopoulos and D. Kotsakis,
Springer-Verlag, (1987), 2nd Edition.
9. Discovering the Universe by W. J. Kaufmann, W.H.Freeman and Company, New York (1997),
4th Edition.

SSC 204 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE CR. 3 (3-0)

Laws of Thermodynamics, Atmospheric Evolution, Theories of Planetary Atmospheric Development,

Chemical Cycles, Natural Green House Effect, The Structure of the Atmosphere, Atmospheric
Chemistry (Composition and Basic Photochemical Cycles of NO2, O3 and NO), Radiative Fluxes and
Radiation Balance, Net Radiation and the Energy Transfer within the Atmosphere and at the Earth’s
Surface, Light Scattering by Aerosols and Clouds, Radiative Effects of Atmosphere, Visibility
Degradation, Energy Transfer within the Troposphere and its Influence on the Atmospheric Stability
Tendencies, The Hydrostatic Equilibrium, The Hydrostatic Equation and the Clausius-Clapyron
Equation and its Applications, The Potential Temperature, Atmospheric Electricity [Intra-cloud (IC),
Cloud to Ground (CG)].

Books Recommended:
1. Johps M. Moran, The Atmosphere and Science of Weather, 1997.
2. Bill Gills, The Story of Weather.
3. D. Russell, Atmospheric Processes and Systems.
4. C. Donald Ahrens, Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate and
Environment.
5. Daniel Botkin and Edward Keller, Environmental Science, Earth as a Living Planet, John
Wiley & Sons,1995.
6. George L. Cantzlar, Your Guide to Weather.
7. R. Barry, Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, 1987.
8. John T. Hardy, Climate Change: Causes, Effects and Solutions.

SSC 205 SPACE SCIENCE LAB-I CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidate will have to perform at least six out of the following and similar experiments.

1. To study the variation in the Declination of the Sun during a given year.
2. To study the variation in the Equation of time.
3. To study the relationship between Declination and Equation of time.
4. To calculate the time of sunrise and sunset with the help of Astronomical Almanac at a given
date and place.
5. To calculate the time of moonrise and moonset with the help of Astronomical Almanac at a
given date and place.
6. To determine the time beginning and ending of different types of Twilights with the help of
Almanac at a given date and place.
7. To study the sunspot activity with the help of a telescope.
8. To determine the Right Ascension, Declination, distance from the Earth and apparent
magnitude of various planets by using software technique.

Books Recommended:
1. Astronomical Almanac.
2. W. M. Smart, Foundations of Astronomy, Longmans, Green and Company.

SSC 206 ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM CR. 3 (3-0)

Electric Field of Continuous Charge Distributions, Dipole in an Electric Field, Application of Gauss’
Law, Calculating the Field from the Potential, Capacitor with Dielectric, Electric Current Density and
Ohm’s Law, Semiconductors and Superconductors, Magnetic Force on a Charged Particle, Magnetic
Force on a Current, Torque on a Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole, Boit-Savart’s Law, Ampere’s Law,
Faraday’s Law, Lens’s Law, Motional E.M.F, Induced Electric Fields, Gauss’ s Law for Magnetism,
Origin of Atomic and Nuclear Magnetism, Magnetization, Magnetic Materials, Induced Magnetic
Fields and Displacement Current, Maxwell’s Equations, Generating an Electro-Magnetic Wave,
Traveling Waves and Maxwell’s Equations, Energy Transport and the Poynting Vector.

Books Recommended:
1. David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, Extended 6th
Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 2001.
2. Resnick, Halliday and Krane, Physics (extended), 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New
York, 2002.
3. Fundamental of Physics Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York, 1999.
4. University Physics 8th Eidition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Aiddison-Wesley, Reading
(MA), USA, 2002.
5. Paul A, Tipler, Ralph A.Llewellyn, Modern Physics, 3rd Edition, W.H.Freeman and Company,
2000.

SSC 207 PHYSICS LAB-II CR.1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform at least five out of the following and similar experiments.

1. To study the construction of a moving coil galvanometer and determine its resistance by half
deflection method.
2. To determine the resistance of a moving coil galvanometer by Kelvin’s method using a Post
office box.
3. To convert a Weston type galvanometer into a voltmeter measuring up to 5 volts.
4. To convert a Weston type galvanometer into an ammeter measuring up to 0.3 amperes.
5. To determine an unknown small resistance with the help of a Carrey Foster’s bridge.
6. To calibrate a voltmeter with the help of a potentiometer.
7. To calibrate an ammeter with the help of a potentiometer.

Books Recommended:
1. M. H. Musaddiq, A Text Book of Experimental Physics, 5th revised Edition, Allied Book
Centre, Lahore.
2. B. L. Worsnop and H. T. Flint, Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Methuen Educational
Ltd.
3. David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, 1993.
4. Sears, Zemansky and Young, University Physics, 8th Addition, Aiddison-Wesley, Reading
(MA), USA, 2000.

SSC 208 CALCULUS-II CR. 3 (3-0)

Riemann Integrals and their Properties, Fundamental Theorems of Calculus, Application to Area,
Fluid Pressure etc. Real Functions of Several Variables and Directional Derivatives, Differentiability,
Tangent Plane, Chain Rule, Extreme Values and its Evaluations, Sketching Graphs of Functions of
Two Variables and its Applications, Multiple Integrals, Volume of a Solid Surface, Polar and
Cylindrical Coordinates, Infinite Series, Test for its Convergence, Root and Ratio Test, Gauss,
Integral Test and its Applications.

Books Recommended:
1. George B. Thomas, Ross B. Finney, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Addison Wesley
Publishing Company.
2. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum et al., Calculus - Single and Multivariable, 3rd Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
3. Gerald L. Bradley, Karl J. Smith, Calculus, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999.
Semester-III

LNG 301 FOREIGN LANGUAGES CR. 3 (3-0)

(Arabic/French/German)

SSC 302 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES CR. 3 (3-0)

Introduction, Software Categories/ history of C/ IDE, Starting to 'C', Expressions and Operators,
Decisions, Repetition Structures, Loops and Operators, Switch Statement, Functions, Arrays,
Pointers, Strings and Arrays, Pointers and Arrays (Advance), String Manipulation Functions, File
Handling, Structures, Bit Manipulation, Pre-Processor Directives and Macros, Dynamic Memory
Allocation using C++, Structured Programming, Classes and Objects, Memory Allocation in C++,
Friend functions, Reference Data Type, Operator Overloading, Arrays of Objects, Streams, Stream
Manipulation, Overloading Insertion and Extraction Operators, User Defined Manipulators, Copy
Constructor, Classes and Objects (Advance), Template Functions, Class Templates, Programming
Exercise, Practical Examples.

Books Recommended:
1. Deital Deital, C++ How to Program, 5th Edition, Pearson Education, 2005.
2. Kernighan Brian, Ritchie Dennis, C Programming Language, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1988.

SSC 303 ASTROPHYSICS CR. 3 (3-0)

Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter, Radiation Mechanisms, Telescopes and Detectors, The Sun:
A Model Star, Stellar Distances and magnitudes, Binary Star Systems and Stellar Masses, Visual,
Spectroscopic and Eclipsing Binaries, Stellar Spectra, The H-R Diagrams, The Interstellar Medium
and Star Birth, The Structure and Evolution of Stars, Pre-Main-Sequence and Main Sequence Phase,
Giant Phase, Final Stages of Evolution, Compact Stars, White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Black
Holes, Stellar Models and Stellar Energy Sources, Variable and Violent Stars.

Books Recommended:
1. Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics, M. Zeilik and S. A. Gregory, Saunders College
Publishing, (1998), 4th Edition.
2. Fundamental Astronomy, H. Karttunen et al., Springer, Berlin, (2000), 3rd Edition.
3. In Quest of the Universe, K. F. Kuhn and T. Koupelis, USA, Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
(2001), 3rd Edition.
4. Discovering the Universe, W. J. Kaufmann, W.H.Freeman and Company, New York (1997),
4th Edition.
5. Contemporary Astronomy, J. M. Pasachoff, Saunders College Publishing (1989), 4th Edition
6. Astronomy-The Evolving Universe, Michael Zeilik, Cambridge University Press (2002), 9th
Edition.
7. Astrophysical Concepts, Martin Harwit, Springer-Verlag, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y, (1998), 3rd
Edition.
8. Astronomy-The Cosmic Perspective, M. Zeilik and J. Gaustad, John Wiley & Sons. (1990).
9. Voyages Through the Universe, Andrew Fraknoi et al., Thomson Books/Cole, (2004) 3rd
Edition.
10. Foundations of Astronomy, Michael A. Seeds, Thomson Books/Cole, (2003) 7th Edition.

SSC 304 FUNDAMENTALS OF ROCKETS CR. 3 (3-0)

Introduction, Rocket Equation, Thrust, Exhaust Velocity, Multi Stage Rockets, Ideal Rocket, Nozzle
Alignment, Flight Performance Effect of Propulsion System on Vehicle Performance, Space Flight,
Flight Maneuvers, Liquid Propellant Rockets Engine, Fundamental Propellants, Propellant Tanks,
Tank Pressurization, Flow and Pressure Balance, Valves and Pipe Lines, Liquid Propellants,
Propellant Properties, Liquid Oxidizers, Liquid Fuels, Liquid Monopropellants, Liquid Propellant
Rocket Engines, The Basic Configuration of the Liquid Propellant Engine, The Performance of Liquid
Fuelled Rocket Engines, Thrust Chambers Combustion and Nozzle, Starting and Ignition,
Combustion of Solid Propellants, Physical and Chemical Processes, Ignition Process, Nozzle of Solid
Rockets, Solid Propellant Rocket Motors, Basic Configuration, Propellant Composition, The Thermal
Rocket Engine, The Basic Configuration, The Development of Thrust and the Effect of the
Atmosphere.

Books Recommended:
1. George P. Sutton and Oscar Biblarz, Rocket Propulsion Elements, 7th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
2. Martin J. L. Turner, Rocket and Spacecraft Propulsion Principles: Practice and New
Developments, Chichester, U.K.
3. Wilbur L. Pritchard, Henrig G. Suyderhoud and Robert A. Nelson, Satellite Communication
System Engineering, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

SSC 305 SPACE SCIENCE LAB-II CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidate will have to perform at least five out of the following and similar experiments.

1. To map and estimate the area of various lunar surface features with an unaided eye.
2. Conversion of universal time to locate sidereal real time and vice versa.
3. To find the azimuth of Qibla at a given latitude and longitude.
4. To observe the phases of Moon and verify it with the help of software.
5. To plot a chart of stellar constellations and verify it with the help of some astronomical
software.
6. To calculate the age of the new Moon.
7. To study and map the night sky for a given date and time.

Books Recommended:
1. W. M. Smart, Foundations of Astronomy, Longmans, Green and Company.
2. A. E. Roy and D. Clarke, Astronomy: Principles and Practice, Adam Higher Ltd., Bristol,
1977.
3. Michael Zeilik and John Gaustad, Astronomy: The Cosmic Perspective, Second Edition, John
Wiley & Sons Inc. 1990.
4. H. Karttunen, P. Kroger, H. Oja, M. Poutanen, K. J. Donner, Fundamental Astronomy, Third
Revised and Enlarged Edition, Springer, 2000.

SSC 306 PHYSICS LAB-III CR.1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform five out of the following and similar experiments.

1. Measurement of resistance using Neon flash bulb.

2. To study the variation of photoelectric current with the intensity of incident light.
3. To determine the wavelength of sodium-D lines by Newton’s ring.
4. To determine the ionization potential of Mercury.
5. To determine the wavelength of light by Fresnel’s Biprism.
6. To study the characteristics of RLC series & parallel circuits.
7. To draw a calibration curve for a Copper-Constantan thermo-couple by using a
Potentiometer.

Books Recommended:
1. M. H. Musaddiq, A Text Book of Experimental Physics, 5th revised Edition, Allied Book
Centre, Lahore.
2. B. L. Worsnop and H. T. Flint, Advanced Practical Physics for Students, Methuen Educational
Ltd.
3. David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, 1993.
4. H. D. Young and R. A. Freedman, University Physics, 9th Edition, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company Inc, 1996.
5. Sears, Zemansky and Young, University Physics, 8th Addition, Aiddison-Wesley, Reading
(MA), USA, 2000.

SSC 307 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CR.3 (3-0)

Differential Equations of First Order and Methods of its Solutions, Pieard Iterations, Lineon Differential
Equation, Method of Solving Differential Equations of Linear Order, Reduction to First Order,
Inversion, Variation of Parameters, System of Differential Equations and Methods of Solving.

Books Recommended:
1. D.G.Zill, Differential Equations, PWS Publishing Company, Boston.
2. R.C.Buck and E.F.Buck, Introduction to Differential Equations, Honghtan Nifflim Co.

Semester-IV

SSC 401 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CR. 3 (3-0)

Introduction to Basic Database Concept, Database Architecture, Database Planning, Conceptual

Database Design, Logical Database Design, Transforming E-R Design to Relational one, Data
Manipulation Language, Normalization, Physical Database Design, Database Tools, Structural Query
Language (SQL), Forms, Data Storage Concept, Indexes And Views, Concurrency Control.

Books Recommended:
1. Database Systems Principles, Design and Implementation by Catherine Ricardo, Maxwell
Macmillan.
2. Database Management Systems, Raghu Ramakrishna, Johannes Gehrke, McGraw-Hill.
3. Modern Database Management, Fred McFadden, Jeffrey Hoofer, Benjamin/Cummings.

SSC 402 SPECIAL REALTIVITY CR. 3 (3-0)

Galileon Transformations, Lorentz Transformations, Consequences of Lorentz Transformations,

Transformation Law for Velocity and Acceleration, Minkowski Space, Four-Vectors, Intervals and
Light Cone, Proper Time, Position 4-Vector, 4-Velocity and 4- Momentum, 4-Force and Equation of
Motion, Motion under a Constant Force, Einstein’s Mass-Energy Relationship and its Practical
Examples, Motion of a Charged Particle in Transverse Electric and Magnetic Fields, Particles of Zero
Rest Mass, Compton Effect, Emission of a Photon from an Excited Nucleus, Variable Proper Mass,
Relativistic Optics, Doppler Effect, Aberration of Light, Tachyons.

Books Recommended:
1. Taylor & Wheeler, Spacetime physics: introduction to special relativity, 2nd ed., W. H. Freeman,
New York, 1992.
2. Woodhouse, Special relativity, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992.
3. M. Saleem and M. Rafique, Special Relativity, Ellis Horwood, London, Redwood Press
Melksham, (1992).
4. Synge, Relativity: the special theory, 2d ed., North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1965.
5. Rindler, Introduction to special relativity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1982.
6. Resnick, Introduction to special relativity, Wiley, New York, 1968.

SSC 403 MODERN PHYSICS CR.3 (3-0)

Quantisation of Charge, Black Body Radiation, Photoelectric Effect, X-rays and Compton Effect,
Atomic Spectra, Rutherford’s Nuclear Model, The Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom and X-rays Spectra,
The Frank Hertz Experiment, Angular Momenta and Magnetic Dipole Moments, The De-Broglie
Hypothesis, Wave Packets, The Uncertainty Principle, Properties of Nuclei, Mass Deficit and Packing
Fraction, Binding Energy, Nuclear Forces and Models, Radioactivity, Radioactive Dating, Nuclear
Fission and Fusion, Nuclear Reactors, Thermonuclear Reactions, The Stern-Gerlach Experiment,
Magnetic Resonance, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle.

Books Recommended:
1. David Halliday, Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, Extended 6th
Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 2001.
2. Resnick, Halliday and Krane, Physics (extended), 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New
York, 2002.
3. Fundamental of Physics Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York, 1999.
4. University Physics 8th Eidition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Aiddison-Wesley, Reading
(MA), USA, 2002.
5. Paul A, Tipler, Ralph A.Llewellyn, Modern Physics (Third Edition), W.H.Freeman and
Company, 2000.
6. Prof. Haji Arshad Ali, A Text Book of Electronics and Modern Physics, 2nd Edition, Akhtar
Book Depot, Lahore, 2000.

SSC 404 METEOROLOGY CR. 3 (3-0)

The Earth's Atmosphere, Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Energy and Radiation, Sun Angle and
Seasons, Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere, Radiation Balances, Energy and Temperature, Daily
Temperature Variations, Global Temperature Controls, Atmospheric Optics, Atmospheric Humidity,
Cooling Processes, Condensation, Lifting Mechanisms, Static Stability, Inversions, Cloud Types,
Cloud Droplets Precipitation Processes, Precipitation Types, Atmospheric Pressure, Horizontal Flow
Aloft, Geo-strophic Winds, Rotating Motion, Coriolis Force, Types of Vortices, Surface Flows,
Atmospheric General Circulation, Tropical Hadley Circulation, Mid-Latitude, General Circulation,
Thermal Winds, Thermally Direct Circulations, Down-slope Winds, Air Masses and Fronts, Polar
Front Theory, Vorticity, Rossby Waves Dynamics, Thunderstorm Environments, Local
Thunderstorms, Super-cell Thunderstorms, Thunder and Lightning, Tornadoes, Tropical Cyclones,
Hurricanes, Meteorological Instruments, Surface and Upper Air Weather Charts, Satellite
Meteorology, Radar Meteorology, Weather Symbols, Weather Forecasting.

Books Recommended:
1. D.H.Macintosh & S.A.Thom, Essentials of Meteorology, 1993.
2. HMSO, A Course in Elementary Meteorology, 1978.

SSC 405 ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS CR. 3 (3-0)

Semiconductor materials, Semiconductor diode, diode characteristic curves, Zener diode

construction, working and its applications, Introduction to Transistors, Transistor Construction
PNP/NPN Transistors, Transistor Operation and Testing, Load Line & Operating Point, DC Bias
Circuits for Transistor, CE, CB and CC Transistor Amplifiers, Classes of Amplification (class A, Class
B, class C), FETs, Types of FETs, Load Line and Four Resistance Biasing of FETs, FET Amplifiers,
Operational Amplifier, Ideal OP AMP, Differential Mode and Common Mode Operation, Operational
Amplifier Parameters, Applications of OP AMP, Principle of Oscillation, RC, Hartley, Colpitts and
Crystal Oscillators, Block Diagram of Radio Transmitter and Receiver, Multivibrators, Astable, Mono-
stable and Bi-Stable Multivibrators, Triggering of Bistable Multivibrators, Emitter Coupled Bistable
Multi (Schmitt Trigger Circuit), Collector and Emitter Coupled Monostable Multivibrators, Triggering of
Monostable Multivibrators, Collector Coupled and Emitter Coupled Astable Multivibrators.

Books Recommended:
1. J. D. Ryder, Electronic Circuits and Systems, 1976-83.
2. Millmann and Taub, Pulse Digital and Switching Waveforms, 1965.
3. Millman and Halkias, Integrated Electronics, Mc Graw-Hill, Singapore, (1972).
4. T. Dunkin, Basic Electronics.
5. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey, 7th Edition.
6. Electronic devices and circuits. Thomas L. Floyd, 6th Edition.

SSC 406 SPACE SCIENCE LAB-III CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform four out of the following and similar experiments.

1. Measurement and Study of Noise Pollution by using the Noise Level Meter.
2 To determine the Critical Potential of Neon gas by using Franks Hertz apparatus.
3. To study the working condition of a GM tube by plotting the characteristics curve and
Random nature of Radioactivity.
4 To find the range of Beta particles in Aluminium.
5. To study the properties of Beta radiations and calculate its absorption coefficient.
6. To find the Value of Planks Constant using a Photo Cell.
7. To determine the wavelength of laser light with the help of Michelson’s. Interferometer.
8. To find the dielectric constant of a dielectric material by R-L-C Series Circuit.
9. To measure the difference in wavelengths of Sodium Lights and Thickness of a Mica sheet
by Using Michelson’s Interferometer.
10. To determine the values of Cauchy’s constants using a Spectrometer.

SSC 407 ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS LAB CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform at least five out of the following and similar experiments

1. Verification of Circuit Simplification/Analysis Theorems and Laws.

2. To Study the Different Wave Shaping Circuits using RC, Op-amp, Diode circuits.
3. Design a Single Stage CE. Amplifier and study its Gain, Input Impedance, Output Impedance
and draw its Frequency Response Curve.
4. Design and Construct of an RC Oscillator and measure its Frequency.
5. Design and Construct OP AMP Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier Circuits.
6. Design and Construct OP AMP Differentiator and Integrator Circuits.
7. Design a Transistor Astable Multivibrator and Study the Effect of Varying Component Values.

Books Recommended:
1. J. D. Ryder, Electronic Circuits and Systems, 1976-83.
2. Millmann and Taub, Pulse Digital and Switching Waveforms, 1965.
3. Millman and Halkias, Integrated Electronics, Mc Graw-Hill, Singapore, (1972).
4. T. Dunkin, Basic Electronics.
5. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey, 7th Edition.
6. Electronic devices and circuits. Thomas L. Floyd, 6th Edition.

Semester-V

SSC 501 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES CR. 3(3-0)

Spherical and Cylindrical Co-ordinates, Co-ordinate Transformation, Function of Complex Variables,

Analytic Functions, Cauchy's Theorem, Cauchy's Integral Formula, Taylor's and Laurent's Series,
Linear Differential Equation, Power Series Solution, Frobenius Method, Partial Differential Equations,
The Stretched String Wave Equation, Laplace Equation, Heat Equation, Boundary value problems,
Bessel's and Legender's Functions, Calculus of Variation with applications to Problems arising in
Space Science, Euler Lagrange Equations, Brachistochrone Problems related to Fourier Series,
Fourier Transforms and Lapalace Transforms.
Books Recommended:
1. E.Butkov, Mathematical Physics by Addison-Wesley publishing company.
2. G. Arfken, Mathematical Methods for Physicists by Academy Press.
3. LA.Pipes and L.R.Harvill, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists by
(Mc Graw Hill Book Company).
4. M-C.Potter and J.Goldberg, Mathematical Methods by (Prentice Hall).

SSC 502 CLIMATOLOGY CR. 3 (3-0)

Introduction, The Climate System (Causes of Climate, Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere,
Solar Radiation, Energy Balance of the Earth and Atmosphere, Atmospheric Moisture, Adiabatic
Processes, Clouds and Precipitation, Vertical and Horizontal Motion in Atmosphere General
Circulation of the Atmosphere), Scales of Climatic System, Classification of Climate (Local,
International), Tropical and Mid Latitude Climates, Polar Climates, Reconstruction of Past Climate,
Climatic History, Astronomical Influences on Climate Change, Causes, Effects and Solutions of
Climate Change, Future Climate, Numerical Modelling of the Climate.

Books Recommended:
1. Bill Gills, The Story of Weather,1990.
2. Russell D, Atmospheric Processes And Systems,1998.
3. C Donald Ahrens, Meteorology Today, An Introduction To Weather Climate And
Environment.
4. Deneil Botkin and Edward keller, Environmental science, Earth As A Living Planet, John
Wiley & Sons1995.
5. George L. Cantzlar, Your Guide To Weather,1974.
6. R. Barry, Atmosphere Weather and Climate 1987.
7. John T.hardy, Climate Change Causes Effects And Solutions, 1999.

SSC 503 AEROSPACE SYSTEMS CR. 3 (3-0)

Aerospace Systems, System Evolution, Overview and Configuration, System Programme, The Space
Segment, Composition and Structure, System Aspects, Post Launch Requirements, Satellite
Composition, Critical Constructional Phases, Major Constructional Phases, Mission Control Activities,
Post-Launch Earth Segment, Pre-Launch Activities, Pre-Launch Earth Segment, System Control,
Interfaces and Configuration, Intersegment Control Interfaces, Telemetry Interface Functions,
Telecommand Interface Functions, Tracking Interface Functions, Executive Control Configuration,
System Executive, Man and Machine, Operational Software, Pre-Launch Executive, Pre-and Post
Launch Comparison, Pre-Launch Developments, Comprehensive Rationalization, Evolving Systems,
Retaining Control, System Expansions, Standardization for Operations, Packet Standards, Evolving
Operational Methodologies, Advanced Aerospace Systems, Space Probes, Satellites, Space
Stations, Space Shuttles, Strategic Defence Initiative(SDI), Star Wars, Anti-Satellite Weapon System,
Global Positioning System (GPS).

Books Recommended:
1. John T. Garner and Malcolm Jones , Satellite Operations-System Approach to design and
control.
2. Wilburl, L. Pritchard, Henri G. Suyderhoud and Robert A. Nelson, Satellite Communication
Systems Engineering, Second edition.

SSC 504 REMOTE SENSING-I CR. 3 (3-0)

Introduction to Remote Sensing, Remote Sensing and its Physical Principles, Electromagnetic
Radiation, Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation, Polarization, Process of Scattering, Absorption,
Transmission and Reflection, Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Atmosphere and with the
Earth’s Surface, Atmospheric Windows, Signatures in Remote Sensing, Significance of Multi Spectral
Imagery, Methods of Obtaining Signatures, Spectral, Spatial, Temporal and Radiometric Resolutions,
Colours and Human Vision, Colour Models, Types of Photographic Films (Black and White, Colour
and False Colour Infrared Films), Data Acquisition in Remote Sensing, Scanning Systems, Push
Broom, Whisk Broom and Circular Scanning Systems, Framing Systems, Photographic Camera,
Single Lens Frame Cameras, Multi Lens Frame Cameras, Panoramic Cameras, Strip Cameras,
Lenses and lens coatings used in Remote Sensing, Aerial Photography, Flight Planning Parameters,
Concepts of Stereoscopy, Parallax and Photogrametric Measurements.

Books Recommended:
1. Thomas D.Rabenhorst and Paul D.McDermott, Introduction to Remote Sensing, Merrill
Publishing Co, (1989).
2. Lillesand / Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, (1987), 2nd
Edition.
3. Floyd F. Sabins, Remote Sensing, Principles and Interpretation, W.H.Freeman Electronic
Publishing Centre, (1996).
4. Paul J. Curran, Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman Inc, (1985).
5. Gibson Paul.J, Introductory Remote Sensing: Principles and Concepts, Routledge, (2000).
6. Surindra Singh, Principles of Remote Sensing by Patel, Scientific Publishers, (1992), 2nd
Edition.
7. Rees W.G, Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press, (2001), 2nd
Edition.

SSC 505 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS CR. 3 (3-0)

Basics of Electronic Communications (Basic Elements of Communication Systems, Simplex/Duplex

Systems, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Concept of Bandwidth, Filters; Low Pass Filters LPF, High Pass
Filters HPF, Band Pass Filters BPF, Decibel Scale, Time & Frequency Domains), Introduction to Data
Communications (Data Communications Model, LAN, MAN, WAN, OSI Model), Transmission Media
(Guided; Twisted Pair, Coaxial, Optical Fibre, Wireless; Microwave, Radio, Infrared), Signal Encoding
Techniques (AM, FM, PM, PCM, ASK, PSK, FSK, B8ZS, Manchester, Differential Manchester, RZ,
NRZ, Bipolar AMI, DHB3), Antenna Theory, Basics of Radar Systems.

Books Recommended:
1. Electronic Communication Systems, William Schweber, Fourth Edition
2. Electronic Communications Systems, Tomasi, Wayne
3. Communication Electronics, Louis E. Frenzel, Second Edition
4. Satellite Communications, Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian, Jeremy Allnutt, John Wiley &
Sons, 2003.
5. Text Book on Optical Fiber Communications and its Applications, S.C. Gupta, Prentice Hall,
2004
6. Data and Computer Communications, William Stallings, Seventh Edition
7. Wireless Communications and Networking, William Stallings, 2003
8. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Bajpal A.C.

SSC 506 REMOTE SENSING LAB-I CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform four out of the following and similar experiments.

1. Techniques for the visual interpretation of different satellite imagery.

2. Formation of multi spectral satellite data.
3. Visual analysis of multi spectral satellite imagery.
4. Visual analysis of panchromatic satellite data.
5. Visual interpretation of hardcopy multi spectral satellite imagery.
6. Visual interpretation of hardcopy panchromatic satellite imagery.
7. Extraction of spectral signatures for different landcover features.
8. Landcover analysis on the basis of spectral signatures.
Books Recommended:
1. Thomas D.Rabenhorst and Paul D.McDermott, Introduction to Remote Sensing, Merrill
Publishing Co, (1989).
2. Lillesand / Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, (1987), 2nd
Edition.
3. Floyd F. Sabins, Remote Sensing, Principles and Interpretation, W.H.Freeman Electronic
Publishing Centre, (1996).
4. Paul J. Curran, Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman Inc, (1985).
5. Gibson Paul.J, Introductory Remote Sensing: Principles and Concepts, Routledge, (2000).
6. Surindra Singh, Principles of Remote Sensing by Patel, Scientific Publishers, (1992), 2nd
Edition.
7. Rees W.G, Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press, (2001), 2nd
Edition.

Semester-VI

SSC 601 GEO-STATISTICS CR. 3 (3-0)

Data and Measurement, Descriptive Statistic, Univariate Description, Descriptive Statistic, Bivariate,
Description, Spatial description, Probability, Rules of Probability, Permutation and Combinations,
Introduction to Probability Distribution, Discrete Probability Distribution, Continuous probability
Distribution, The Exhaustive Data Set, Estimation, Global Estimation, Point Estimation, Hypothesis
Test (Decision on Mean, Proportion and Variance, Ordinary Cringing, Search Strategy, Cross
Validation, Modelling the Sample Variogram, Cokriging, Correlation and Regression

Books Recommended:
1. Edward H. Isaaks and R. Mohan Srivastava, An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics, Oxford
University Press, (1989).

SSC 602 QUANTUM MECHANICS CR. 3 (3-0)

Schrodinger’s Equation and its Applications, Potential Step, Well and Barrier Problems, Harmonic
Oscillator, Schrodinger Equation for Hydrogen Atom, Uncertainty Principle, Expectation Values,
Equation of Continuity, Angular Momentum, The Eigen Values and Eigen Function of L2 and Lz , Spin
Angular Momentum, Orbital Angular Momentum, Total Angular Momentum, Magnetic Moment,
Zeeman Effect , Time Independent Perturbation, Theory for Non-Degenerate Case, First and Second
Order Corrections to Energy Eigen Values and Eigen Functions.

Books Recommended:
1. Eugene Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics, (John Willy and Sons) 1970.
2. John L. Powell and B. Creasemann, Quantum Mechanics, (Narosa Publishing House) 1995.
3. Linus Pauling and E.Bright Wilson, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, (Mc.graw Hill) 1994
4. P.C.W. Davies, Quantum Mechanics, (Guenrnesy Press Co. Ltd.) 1984-87.

SSC 603 ELECTRODYNAMICS CR. 3 (3-0)

Electrostatics, Dielectric Materials, Electric Polarization, Charge and Current Density, Electric
Potential, Magnetic Induction, Vector Potential and its Applications, Gauss’s Law, Ampere’s Law and
Faraday’s Law of Magnetic Induction, Four–Dimensional Operator (□), The Conservation of Electric
Charge, Maxwell’s Equations, Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves, Covariant form of Maxwell’s
Equations, Wave Equations in terms of Electromagnetic Potential and their Solutions, Plane
Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space and their Solutions, Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in
Conducting and Non-Conducting Media, Modes of Propagation, Poynting Theorem, Plane Wave
Between Two Parallel Conducting Plates, TE-Mode, TM-Mode, TEM-Mode, Laser Light, Light in
Cavities, Einstein Theory of Light-Matter Interaction, Laser Applications.
Books Recommended:
1 Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetic, by Fawwaz.J.Ulaby, Prentice Hall, (1997).
2 Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory by John. Reitz, Fredeick J.Milford, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi, (1990), 6th Reprint.
3 Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating System by Edward.E.Jorden & Keith Balmaiv,
Prentice Hall of India, (1991), 2nd Edition.
4 Electromagnetic Fields and Waves by Paul Lorrain and Dal Carson. CBS Publishers and
Distributors, Dehli, 1986.
5 Lasers by Peter W.Milonni and Joseph H. Eberly, John Wiley and Sons, (1991).
6 Antenna and Wave propagation by K. D. Parsad, Tech India Publications, (1996), 3rd Edition.
7 Classical Electrodynamics by J.D.Jackson, V.R.Damodaran for Wiley Eastern Ltd, (1999),
3rd Edition.
8 Introduction to plasma physics by F. F. Chen. (McGraw-Hill).
9 Introduction to plasma physics by R.J.Goldston, PH Rutherford, Institute of Physics
Publishing, Bristal and Philadelphia Publishing Ltd, (1995).

SSC 604 REMOTE SENSING-II CR. 3 (3-0)

Thermal Remote Sensing, Optical Remote Sensing, Microwave Remote Sensing, Radar
Construction, Radar Equation, Different Types of Radar, Side Looking Airborne Radar, Synthetic
Aperture Radar, Concepts of Slant Range, Ground Range, Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors,
Earth Resources Satellite Systems, SPOT Satellite System, SPOT System Orbital Elements, SPOT
Satellite Sensors, Terra Aster Satellite System LANDSAT Satellite System, Orbital Elements,
LANDSAT Sensors, Multi-Spectral Scanner, Thematic Mapper, Use of high resolution imagery
(IKONOS, Quick Bird), Hyper Spectral Sensors, Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Recent Development
in Remote Sensing. Fields of application of remote sensing with respect to different spatial resolutions

Books Recommended:
1. Thomas D.Rabenhorst and Paul D.McDermott, Introduction to Remote Sensing Merrill
Publishing Co, (1989).
2. Lillesand / Kiefer, John Wiley & Sons, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation (1987), 2nd
Edition.
3. Floyd F. Sabins, Remote Sensing, Principles and Interpretation, W.H.Freeman Electronic
Publishing Centre, (1996).
4. Paul J. Curran, Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman Inc, (1985).
5. Paul.J, Introductory Remote Sensing: Principles and Concepts, Gibson Routledge, (2000).
6. Patel & Surindra Singh, Principles of Remote Sensing, Scientific Publishers, (1992), 2nd
Edition.
7. Rees W.G, Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press, (2001), 2nd
Edition.

SSC 605 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS CR. 3 (3-0)

Decimal, Binary, Octal & Hexadecimal Number Systems, Converting Decimal Numbers to Other
Number Systems and Vice Versa, Binary Addition and Subtraction, Binary Multiplication and Division,
Negative Numbers, Use of Complements to Represent Negative Numbers, Codes (4 Bit codes, 5 Bit
codes, more than 5 Bit codes), Floating-Point Number Systems, Alphanumeric Codes, Fundamental
Concepts of Boolean Algebra, AND Gates and OR Gates, Complementation and Inverters,
Evaluation of Logical Expressions, Basic Laws of Boolean Algebra, De Morgan’s Theorem, Derivation
of a Boolean Expression, Interconnecting Gates, Sum of Products and Product of Sums, Derivation of
a Three-Input-Variable Expression, NAND Gates and NOR Gates, Map Method for Simplifying
Expressions, Product-of-Sums Expressions, Design Using NAND Gates, Design Using NOR Gates,
Code Converter Logic Design, Computer Logic Circuits and Blocks, Diode AND and OR Gates, Gate
Prorogation Delay Time, Power Dissipation, Noise Immunity, Loading Considerations, IC Logic
Families, Data sheet interpretation, Logic Gate Application, Transistor Inverter and Logic Circuits,
Integrated Logic Circuit Manufacturing, IC Logic Circuits-TTL, IC Logic Circuits-MOSFETS and
CMOS, Outer IC Logic Gates-ECL and IIL. Flip-Flops (Basic RS, Clocked RS, D, T, JK, Master Slave
FFs), Clocks, Registers, Binary Counter, BCD Counters, Integrated Circuits, Medium, Large, and
Very Large Scale Integration, Counter Design, State Diagrams and State Tables, Sequential Circuits,
Binary Half-Adder, Full Adder, Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor, Multiplexers, Demultiplexres, Coders,
Decoders, Code Conversion, Parity Generators/Checkers, Memory Concept, ROMs, PROMs,
EPROMs, Read.Write RAMs (DRAM), Memory Expansion, MBMs, MSSD, Special Memories, MCM,
Microcomputer Memory, Interfacing Logic Families, interfacing with Buses, Interfacing Digital and
Analog Systems, Modems and Interfaces, Schmitt Trigger as an Interfacing Circuit, Binary
Representation of Signed Numbers, Signed Binary Arithmetic, Implementation of Signed Binary
Arithmetic, Addition of Signed BCD Numbers Microprocessor.

Books Recommended:
1. J. D. Ryder, Electronic Circuits and Systems, 1976-83.
2. J. R. Nowicki and L. J. Adam, Digital Circuits, 1990.
3. Millmann and Tanb, Pulse Digital and switching Waveforms, 1965.
4. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 1994-97.
5. Louis Nashelsky, Introduction to Digital Technology, Printice Hall.
6. M. Moris Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design, Printice Hall.
7. Hayes, Computer Architecture and Organization, McGraw-Hill.

SSC 606 REMOTE SENSING LAB-II CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The students will have to perform at least four out of the following and similar experiments.

1. False colour combinations of different satellite data

2. Spatial structure of satellite data
3. Raster and vector data analysis techniques
4. Visualization and analysis of stereo satellite data
5. Analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery
6. Analysis of Medium resolution satellite imagery
7. Comparison of different interpretation techniques used for high resolution and medium
resolution satellite data.
8. Use of Topographic data

SSC 607 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB ` CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform four out of the following and similar experiments.

1. Construct (Using Discrete Components) OR, AND, NOT and EX-OR Gates.
2. Construct OR, AND, NOT, EX-OR Using NAND Logic.
3. Design & Construct Half Adder and Full Adder Using Discrete Components and ICs.
4. Design & Construct Half Sub tractor and Full Sub tractor Using Discrete Components and
ICs.
5. Construct and Test the Following Flip-Flops, RS, Clocked RS, D, T, JK, JK Master Slave &
RS Master Slave (Using NAND Logic).
6. Design and Construct Binary Ripple Count Up and Count Down Counters.
7. Design and Construct Synchronous Fixed Modulus Counters and Synchronous Variable
Modulus Counters.
8. Design and Construct Serial Input Shift Register, Parallel Input Shift Register, Shift Right/Shift
Left Register.
9. Design and Construct Different Code Converters (Gray to Binary & Binary to Gray).

Books Recommended:
1. J. D. Ryder, Electronic Circuits and Systems, 1976-83.
2. J. R. Nowicki and L. J. Adam, Digital Circuits, 1990.
3. Millmann and Tanb, Pulse Digital and switching Waveforms, 1965.
4. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 1994-97.
5. Louis Nashelsky, Introduction to Digital Technology, Printice Hall.
6. M. Moris Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design, Printice Hall.
7. Hayes, Computer Architecture and Organization, McGraw-Hill.

SEMESTER – VII

SSC 701 RESEARCH METHODS CR. 3 (3-0)

Introduction to Research, Types of Research, Research Problem, Review of Related Literature,

Research Hypothesis or Questions, Sampling, Research Instruments, Research Types ( Detail
Description), Collection and Analysis of Data, Statistics in Science, Writing Research Proposals and
Reports, Evaluation Criteria.

Books Recommended:
1. Educational research: competencies for analysis and application. New York: Macmillan
Publishing Co.
2. L N Manian, Research methods in education, Cohen, S.(1994).
3. Anderson, Fundamentals of educational research, (1990).
4. Action research, special needs and school development, Bell, G.
5. Best, J.W. and James, Research in education, V.K.(1996).
6. Fraenkel, J.P.and Norman, How to design and evaluate research in education, E.W. (1993).
7. Keeves, Educational research, methodology, and measurement: An international handbook,
J.P.(Eds.),1988.
8. Wiersma W, Research methods in education. An introduction, (1995).
9. Scott D. and usher, Understanding educational research, R. (Eds.). 1996.

SSC 702 SPACE PLASMA CR. 3 (3-0)

Concepts of Plasma and Temperature, Debye Shielding, The Plasma Parameter, Electrical Neutrality
in a Plasma, Motion in Electric and Magnetic Fields, Motion of Charged Particles in Gravitational
Field, Magnetic Mirrors, Motion in Time Varying Electric & Magnetic Fields, Adiabatic Invariants, First
and Second Adiabatic Invariants, Plasma as a Fluid, Plasma and Ordinary Electromagnetic, Classical
Treatment of Magnetic Materials and Dielectrics, The Fluid Equation of Motion, Complete Set of Fluid
Equations, Plasma Approximation, Representation of Waves, Group Velocity, Plasma Oscillations,
Electron Plasma Waves, Sound Waves, Ion Acoustic Waves, Ion and Electron Waves, Electrostatic
Electron Oscillations and Ion Acoustic Waves Perpendicular to Magnetic Field B, The Lower Hybrid
Frequency, Electromagnetic Waves Perpendicular and Parallel to B0, Cutoffs and Resonance’s,
Hydromagnetic Waves, Magneto Sonic Waves, Alfven Waves.

Books Recommended:
1. Fawwaz.J.Ulaby, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetic, Prentice Hall, (1997).
2. John. Reitz, Fredeick J.Milford, Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi, (1990), 6th Reprint.

SSC 703 IMAGE PROCESSING CR. 3 (3-0)

Digital Image Processing, Geometric Correction, Radiometric Correction, Restoration Techniques,

Image Enhancement Techniques, Contrast Enhancement, Histogram Stretch, Special Stretching,
Digital Image Filtering, Concepts of Convolution and Kernel Operation, Scaling Factor, Image
Ratioing, Digital Image Classification, Supervised and Un-Supervised Classification, Terrain Analysis,
Soils, Origin, Drainage Patterns, Soil Erosion, Drainage Classes, SRS Applications, Land-Use in
Remote Sensing, Advantages of Satellite Remote Sensing in Land-Use and Land Cover
Categorization, Geological Phenomenon, Wetland Mapping, Coastal Mapping, Forestry, Defence
Application, DEM/DTM, Ground Truth: Physical Field Surveys and Ground Truthing, Landuse and
Landcover Maps, Landuse & Landcover Change Detection Maps, Sea Surface Temperature Maps,
Coastal Landform.

Books Recommended:
1. Thomas D.Rabenhorst and Paul D.McDermott, Introduction to Remote Sensing, Merrill
Publishing Co, (1989).
2. Lillesand / Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, (1987), 2nd
Edition.
3. Floyd F. Sabins, Remote Sensing, Principles and Interpretation, W.H.Freeman Electronic
Publishing Centre, (1996).
4. Paul J. Curran, Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman Inc, (1985).
5. Gibson Paul.J, Introductory Remote Sensing: Principles and Concepts, Routledge, (2000)
6. Surindra Singh, Principles of Remote Sensing by Patel, Scientific Publishers, (1992), 2nd
Edition.
7. Rees W.G, Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press, (2001), 2nd
Edition.

SSC 704 IMAGE PROCESSING LAB CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform at least eight out of the following and similar experiments.

1. Compute uni-variate and multivariate statistics of the given data

2. APR removal techniques
3. Rectification
4. Image Enhancement
5. Grey level transformation
6. Spatial enhancement
7. Fourier series
8. Classification
9. Band ratios
10. Map design in various software

Books Recommended:
1. Thomas D.Rabenhorst and Paul D.McDermott, Introduction to Remote Sensing, Merrill Publishing
Co, (1989).
2. Lillesand / Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, (1987), 2nd
Edition.
3. Floyd F. Sabins, Remote Sensing, Principles and Interpretation, W.H.Freeman Electronic
Publishing Centre, (1996).
4. Paul J. Curran, Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman Inc, (1985).
5. Gibson Paul.J, Introductory Remote Sensing: Principles and Concepts, Routledge, (2000)
6. Surindra Singh, Principles of Remote Sensing by Patel, Scientific Publishers, (1992), 2nd Edition.
7. Rees W.G, Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Cambridge University Press, (2001), 2nd
Edition.

SSC 705 WEATHER ANALYSIS & FORECASTING CR. 3 (3-0)

Tropical Meteorology, Meteorological Elements, Seasons and Circulations, Solar Radiations,

Characteristics of terrestrial Radiations and its absorption and Transmission, Simpson’s Computation
of Terrestrial Radiation transfer, Heat balance, Cloud Physics, Aviation Meteorology. Weather Charts
– Development and Analysis, T-Phi-Gram, Weather forecasting.
Books Recommended:
1. Petterson S, (2003), “Weather Analysis and Forecasting”, Wiley, USA.
2. London. H M S O, (2001), “Handbook of Weather Forecasting”, McGraw-
Hill.
3. Riehl K, (2000), “Tropical Meteorology”, Wiley, USA.

SSC 706 PROJECT REPORT CR. 3 (3-0)

SEMESTER - VIII

SSC 801 COSMOLOGY CR. 3 (3-0)

Fundamental Concepts of Cosmology, The Cosmological Principle, Homogeneity and Isotropy of the
Universe, Olbers Paradox, Gravitation and Expansion of the Universe, Future of the Universe,
Hubble’s Law and Distances to Galaxies, Horizon of the Universe, The Big Bang Theory, Cosmic
Microwave Background and The Early Universe.

Books Recommended:
1. Martin Harwit, Astrophysical Concepts, Springer-Verlag, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y, (1998), 3rd
Edition.
2. W. J. Kaufmann, Universe , H.Freeman and Company, New York. (1985).
3. M. Zeilik and J. Gaustad, Astronomy-The Cosmic Perspective, John Wiley & Sons. (1990).
4. M. Zeilik and S. A. Gregory, Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics, Saunders College
Publishing, (1998), 4th Edition.
5. G. Contopoulos and D. Kotsakis, Cosmology – The Structure and Evolution of the Universe,
Springer-Verlag, (1987), 2nd Edition.
6. W. J. Kaufmann, Discovering the Universe, W.H.Freeman and Company, New York (1997),
4th Edition.
7. J. M. Pasachoff, Contemporary Astronomy, Saunders College Publishing (1989), 4th Edition

SSC 802 RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY CR. 3 (3-0)

The General Principles of Relativity and Equivalence. Space and Time in the General Relativity. The
Metric Tensor. Geodesic Lines. General Accelerated System of Reference. Determination of gik, Four
Dimensional Formulation. Contra-variant and Covariant Components of Four Vectors. Geodesics.
Christopher Symbols. Parallel Displacement of Vectors. Covariant Differentiation. Curvature Tensor.
Mechanics of Free Particles, Momentum and Mass of a Particle, Gravitational Force, Total Energy of
a Particle in a Stationary Gravitational Field. Time-Orthogonal System of Coordinates. Mechanics of
Continuous System. The Electromagnetic Field Equation. Electromagnetic Force and Energy-
Momentum Tensor. Numerical Solution of Equations, Numerical Solution of Differential Equations,
Numerical Integration, Simple Use of MATHEMATICA.

SSC 803 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS CR. 3 (3-0)

Satellite Communication Systems (Satellite Orbits, Kepler’s Laws, Orbital Elements, Satellite Sub-
systems, Satellite Link Design), Optical Fibre Communications (Fiber Types, Light Sources /
Detectors, Losses in Optical Systems, Link Budget), Cellular Systems (Truncking, Cell Size /
Geometry, Frequency Reuse, Handoff, Design Principles), Multiplexing Techniques (TDM, FDM,
WDM), Multiple Access Techniques (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA), Spectrum Management (Radio
Spectrum, Radio Interference, Radio Services, Frequency Allocation, Allocation Tables, Spectrum
Allocation Process), Telecommunication Standards & Regulations ITU-T, IEEE etc), Special Topics in
Telecommunications (New Trends, Modifications, Emerging Technologies, etc).

Books Recommended:
1. Electronic Communication Systems, William Schweber, Fourth Edition
2. Electronic Communications Systems, Tomasi, Wayne
3. Communication Electronics, Louis E. Frenzel, Second Edition
4. Satellite Communications, Timothy Pratt, Jeremy Allnutt, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
5. Text Book on Optical Fiber Communications and its Applications, S.C. Gupta, Prentice Hall,
2004
6. Data and Computer Communications, William Stallings, Seventh Edition
7. Wireless Communications and Networking, William Stallings, 2003
8. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Bajpal A.C.

SSC 804 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS LAB CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform four out of the following and similar experiments.

1. Design and construct AM modulation and envelope detector circuits using discrete
components.
2. Design and construct Frequency mixing circuits using discrete components.
3. Study and analysis of different analogue and digital modulation techniques.
4. Generation and analysis of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).
5. Study and analysis of microwave links.
6. Optical fibre link designing/construction, splicing and link calculations

Books Recommended:
1. Electronic Communication Systems, William Schweber, Fourth Edition
2. Electronic Communications Systems, Tomasi, Wayne
3. Communication Electronics, Louis E. Frenzel, Second Edition
4. Satellite Communications, Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian, Jeremy Allnutt, John Wiley &
Sons, 2003.
5. Text Book on Optical Fiber Communications and its Applications, S.C. Gupta, Prentice Hall,
2004
6. Data and Computer Communications, William Stallings, Seventh Edition
7. Wireless Communications and Networking, William Stallings, 2003
8. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Bajpal A.C.

SSC 805 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS CR. 3 (3-0)

Introduction to Geographic Information System (GIS), Elements of GIS, Early Developments in GIS,
Evolution of GIS, From the Real World to GIS, Real World Model, Data Model, Characteristics of
Geographic Data in GIS, Representation of Data, Sources of Data, Spatial and Non Spatial Data,
Typical GIS Data, Data Collections and Quality, Mapping with GIS, Map Concepts, Map Elements,
Spatial Relationship, Coordinate System, Projection Systems. Raster Based GIS, Vector Based GIS,
Automatic Conversion between Vector and Raster Models, Vector Versus Raster Models, Hardware
Components of a GIS, Computers, Networks, Displays, Quantizers, Plotters and other Output
Devices, Software Components of a GIS, Introduction to Cartography Techniques, GIS Database
Development, Data Management Software, Data Display Software, Digital Surface Modelling in GIS,
Applications of GIS for Land Resource Management, Regional Planning and Land Use Change
Analysis, Errors in GIS, Advanced Concepts of GIS.

Books Recommended:
1. Ray Harris, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Satellite Remote Sensing (1987).
2. Thomas D.Rabenherst and Paul, D.McDermott, Applied Cartography, Introduction to Remote
Sensing Merrill Publishing Co, (1989).
3. S.A.Drury, A Guide to Remote Sensing, Oxford University Press, (1990).
4. A.Mehrotra and R.K.Suri, Remote Sensing for Environment and Forest Management, Indus
Publishing Co.N.Delhi, (1994).
5. G.M.Foody, K.Yakondratyer and Others, Remote Sensing of Soil and Vegetation in the USSR
P.J.Curran Taylor and Francis, (1990).
6. J.R. Jensen, Prentice Hall, Introductory Digital Image Processing – A Remote Sensing
Perspective (1996).
7. Lillesand / Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y, (2000).

SSC 806 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LAB CR. 1 (0-3)

NOTE: The candidates will have to perform at least six out of the following and similar experiments.

1. To perform digitisation and add attribute data in different thematic layers

2. To study data visualization techniques using GIS Software
3. To study different projection, datum and coordinate systems
4. To study network analysis
5. To learn in detail working mechanisms of GPS
6. To study surface analyses using three-dimensional data from GPS
7. To study map components and layout design
8. To perform database querying in GIS environment
9. To study enterprise GIS

SSC 807 PROJECT REPORT CR. 3 (3-0)