Flex and Derate Takeoff and Climb

Operational Liaison Meeting – Fly-By-Wire aircraft 2004
Flex/Derate, Engine Bump

and Derated climb
Related issues
Customer Services
MAIN
• FLEX TAKEOFF / DERATED TAKEOFF

• BUMP
• DERATED CLIMB
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 2

Flexible Thrust Takeoff
Conditions of application:
•TREF < Tflex,
Weight Thrust •Today’s OAT < Tflex
•Tflex < Tflex max
Flat rated Thrust

Max TOW Available
Thrust
EGT Limit
MAXIMUM
Actual TOW
Needed THRUST
Thrust REDUCTION
This reduction level depends on A/C model
OAT
OAT Tref Flex Temp T Flex max

Flexible Thrust Takeoff
Flexible Takeoff procedure: at any

moment, pilot can recover TOGA
Thrust
VMC certified for TOGA thrust
Flat rated Thrust
TOGA
Thrust
EGT Limit
Flexible
Thrust
OAT Tref Flex Temp Temperature

Derated Thrust Takeoff
Each derate level is certified and is associated to a new

set of performance data
Certified Certified Certified Certified Certified
engine
engine engine
engine
engine
Let’s have a look to the charts ...

For the A340-500/600, two

new derate levels have been
added: 32% and 40%

Derated Thrust Take-off on short and contaminated
runways
3900 m
+32.9 tons
3500 m
+83.2 tons

Derated Thrust Takeoff
Derated Takeoff procedure: pilot
cannot recover TOGA.
Thrust
Thrust for VMC computation at DERATED TO rating
TOGA Rating
Derated Rating
Derated
Thrust
OAT OAT

TOGA : VMCG = 105 kts
DERATE : VMCG = 100 kts

TOGA : VMCG = 105 kts
DERATE : VMCG = 100 kts
DO NOT USE THESE FIGURES AS A REFERENCE

ECAM Message
Therefore the use of TOGA together with a set of

V1/Vr/V2 for DERATE takeoff must be prevented
The aircraft protects the crew against MCDU

typing errors during cockpit preparation
Let’s see how ...

ECAM Message
• Let’s assume that no FLEX/DERATE level has been

entered into the FMS
But…
• The thrust level is set to FLX/MCT at takeoff…
A warning message appears on the ECAM
IMPORTANT:
IMPORTANT:
This
This message
message depends
depends onon whether
whether thethe
DERATED
DERATEDTAKEOFF
TAKEOFFoption
optionisis
installed
installed and
and available
available on
on the
the aircraft
aircraft

ECAM Message
• For aircraft without the DERATED TAKOFF option on board:

The message request the pilot to set TOGA
Even if FLEX takeoff was envisaged by the pilot, TOGA

is proposed when the FLEX information is missing in
the FMS

ECAM Message
• For aircraft with the DERATED TAKOFF option on board:

The message requests that the pilot sets IDLE
CONCLUSION:
CONCLUSION:
For
For those
those fleets
fleets where
where both
both options
options coexist,
coexist,
additional
additional pilot
pilot briefing
briefing may
may bebe required.
required.
In this case, the risk of performing a TOGA

takeoff with DERATE takeoff speeds exists,
the takeoff must be aborted

Reduced Thrust Level
Conditions of application:
•TREF < Tflex,
Weight Thrust •Today’s OAT < Tflex
•Tflex < Tflex max
Flat rated Thrust

Max TOW Available
Thrust
EGT Limit
MAXIMUM
Actual TOW
Needed THRUST
Thrust REDUCTION
Let’s have a look at these reduction levels more in detail ...
OAT
OAT Tref Flex Temp T Flex max

Reduced Thrust Level
THRUST
ACTUAL SITUATION:
• A318/319/320/321 25% (Flex only)
% TOGA
• A330-200/300 25%
• A340-200/300 25%
• A340-500/600 40% Tref Tflex max
PLANNED EVOLUTIONS AVAILABILITY DATE

• A319-200/300 25% (24% Derate) Upon Request from MID 2004

• A330-200/300 40% Under evaluation

Transition to CLIMB THRUST
• At high levels of DERATE, the TAKEOFF THRUST

may fall below the CLB THRUST
• An increase of thrust must be avoided when pulling
the lever to the CLB detent
• An automatic transition sequence to MAX CLB has

been implemented for the different engine models
LET’S
LET’S SEE
SEE HOW
HOW THIS
THIS WORKS….
WORKS….

TRENT 500 : CLIMB ADJUSTEMENT
EPR ••No
No unexpected
unexpected thrust
thrust increase
increase
••Climb
Climb performance
performance unchanged
unchanged
CLIMB
FROZEN WASHOUT
FLEX/DERATE
Time
20 s 40 s
Thrust Lever
FLX/MCT CLB
Position
THRST RED ALT

A319: Low Mach Max Climb Logic

Throttle in FLX detent Throttle in CL detent
Thrust
Max Takeoff
LOW DERATE
Reduced thrust
Basic MCL
Reduced thrust LOW MACH MAX CLIMB
LOGIC
Max Takeoff - 25%
Mach
0.30 0.35 (CFM) Number
0.40 (IAE)
• On A320 and A321, the current Max Climb rating provides sufficient room for 25 %
thrust reduction.
• For future evolutions, similar solutions will be applied (25%→ 40% for A330)
MAIN

• BUMP
• DERATED CLIMB

Bump
• The bump is an increased takeoff thrust .
• The bump can be occasionally used when the basic

maximum takeoff thrust does not provide the required
performance.
• There is no possibility to set an intermediate thrust

between the basic maximum takeoff thrust and the bump

Bump
• Various bumps were defined for the early A320 models, as

a function of the customers requirements.
• For the latest A320 family models, the bump can be made
available on the following models:
4A321-211 AA321A
4A321-231 AA3210
4A320-214
4A320-233

Bump
• These bumps provide between 6 and 10% more thrust

than the basic one.
• They are available only with specific FADEC standards:

4IAEengines: SCN18
4CFM engines: 5BL
• These bumps are available, but not yet certified as no

customer has ordered this option yet.
• A lead time of about 9 months will be necessary once we

get a customer order

Bump
• Long range aircraft:

4 A340:
Presently, a bump is available only for the A340-313 gross
weight.
4A330:
A bump will be certified mid-2004 on the A330-202. It will
provide the thrust of the CF6-80E1A3.

Bump
• Bump activation:
The bump is activated by two guarded pushbuttons,
placed on the thrust levers on the A320 Family and on
the external thrust levers on the A340.
It can be used with all engines operating and remains active
in case of one engine failure.
GUARDED
PUSHBUTTONS
GUARDED
PUSHBUTTONS
GUAREGGU

MAIN

• BUMP
• DERATED CLIMB

Principle of thrust reduction
When the MAX CLB thrust is not necessary during the

CLIMB phase, it can be performed with less thrust.
TOC
THRST
RED ALT
• It applies to the climb phase, so its use is completely
independent of that of the DERATED TO

• Benefits of thrust reduction
4save the engine life (à engine stress)
4reduce maintenance costs
Derated Climb concept
• Two levels of derated climb available through MCDU

• Implementation: EPR/N1 decrement applied on MCL
EPR/N1
• Decrement is function of pressure altitude, delta ISA and
engine bleed configuration.
• Result:
4less severe engine operations and resulting lower engine
DMC,
4slightly increased climb fuel/time to reach the same flight
level.
• The DERATED CLIMB is basic in the LR family since 1997
• This option is not available in the SA family

Engine strain reduction
In order to maintain the same climb capabilities, the

Derated Climb features a Washout function:
A340-600 RR Trent 500 Derated climb / Max climb washout function
Max climb
0
Climb thrust derate
-5
D1 ISA+10°C and below

-10
D2 ISA+40°C ISA+30°C ISA+20°C

-15
-20
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Altitude (ft)

Derated climb operational effect
• Example: MTOW
MTOW
4A340-642 / Trent 556
4Initial weight 372t
4ISA
4climb law 250kt/320kt/.82 to FL330
Time
Timeto
toTOC
TOC Distance
DistancetotoTOC
TOC Fuel
Fuel(const
(constdist)
dist)
DCL1:
DCL1: +6min
+6min DCL1:
DCL1:+40nm
+40nm DCL1:
DCL1: +89kg
+89kg
DCL2:
DCL2: +10min
+10min DCL2:
DCL2:+64nm
Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb +64nm DCL2:
DCL2: +184kg
+184kg
Page 30
AIRBUS Derated Climb Recommendations
ISOTIME WEIGHT (Kg) REFERENCE MAX STRUCTURAL WEIGHT 250/320/M0.82 MAX CLB
350000
• AIRBUS
EXAMPLE: TOC
proposes a =method
FL330 to determine which level of
MCLB
MCLB
340000climb thrust
DCLis
1 required to guarantee the same climb
capabilityDCL
as 2when at MTOW with MAX CLB THRUST
330000
DCL1
DCL1
320000
310000 Identically TOW=336.3

The TOW=320.5
tons at DCL1 tons at DCL2
provides
provides the same climb time DCL2

DCL2
300000 tothe same
TOC as climb
Max time to
Structural
TOCatasMAX
Weight Max CLBStructural
Weight at MAX CLB
290000
15000 20000 25000 30000 FL330 35000 40000
INITIAL CRUISE ALTITUDE (ft)

This document and all information contained herein is the sole
property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are
granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of
its content. This document shall not be reproduced or
disclosed to a third party without the express written consent
of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be
used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied.
The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They

are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed
in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these
statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to
explain the basis thereof.
AN EADS JOINT COMPANY

WITH BAE SYSTEMS

Flex and Derate Takeoff and Climb

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Flex and Derate Takeoff and Climb

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Operational Liaison Meeting – Fly-By-Wire aircraft 2004

Flex/Derate, Engine Bump

• FLEX TAKEOFF / DERATED TAKEOFF

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 2

Flat rated Thrust

This reduction level depends on A/C model

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 3

Flexible Takeoff procedure: at any

OAT Tref Flex Temp Temperature

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 4

Each derate level is certified and is associated to a new

Certified Certified Certified Certified Certified

Let’s have a look to the charts ...

For the A340-500/600, two

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 6

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 7

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 8

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 9

DO NOT USE THESE FIGURES AS A REFERENCE

Therefore the use of TOGA together with a set of

The aircraft protects the crew against MCDU

Let’s see how ...

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 11

• Let’s assume that no FLEX/DERATE level has been

A warning message appears on the ECAM

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 12

• For aircraft without the DERATED TAKOFF option on board:

Even if FLEX takeoff was envisaged by the pilot, TOGA

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 13

• For aircraft with the DERATED TAKOFF option on board:

In this case, the risk of performing a TOGA

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 14

Flat rated Thrust

Let’s have a look at these reduction levels more in detail ...

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 15

PLANNED EVOLUTIONS AVAILABILITY DATE

• A320-200/300 25% (24% Derate) Upon Request from MID 2004

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 16

• At high levels of DERATE, the TAKEOFF THRUST

• An automatic transition sequence to MAX CLB has

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 17

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 18

A319: Low Mach Max Climb Logic

• FLEX TAKEOFF / DERATED TAKEOFF

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 20

• The bump is an increased takeoff thrust .

• The bump can be occasionally used when the basic

• There is no possibility to set an intermediate thrust

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 21

• Various bumps were defined for the early A320 models, as

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 22

• These bumps provide between 6 and 10% more thrust

• They are available only with specific FADEC standards:

• These bumps are available, but not yet certified as no

• A lead time of about 9 months will be necessary once we

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 23

• Long range aircraft:

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 24

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 25

• FLEX TAKEOFF / DERATED TAKEOFF

Flex/Derate comparison, Engine Bump and Derated climb Page 26

When the MAX CLB thrust is not necessary during the

independent of that of the DERATED TO