Osapa Channel Report 2010 (Nbc-Cng367-R004rev0)

2011
HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF OSAPA CHANNEL(NICON TOWN REACH)
CLIENTS
NICON TOWN MANAGEMENT CO. PLC
Lekki Epe Express Lagos
BY
NOBLE BC LTD.
No 3 Asenuga Str.
Off Opebi Link road
Ikeja Lagos
REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 08023356112, 07093189196
Route Assessment and design Osapa channel
Via Nicon town – Lagos - Nigeria
3.3. CHANNEL DESIGN ............................................................................ 21

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.3.1. Open Channel Velocity. ................................................................ 21
3.3.2. Energy....................................................................................... 22
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... 2
3.3.3. Flow Classification .................................................................... 23
1. SCOPE AND METHOD OF WORK ............................................................ 7
3.3.4. Design Parameters ................................................................... 24
1.1. GENERAL ............................................................................................ 7 3.4. DESIGN PROCEDURES. .................................................................. 26
1.2. TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................... 7 3.4.1. Special Features. .......................................................................... 26
1.3. PROJECT AREA AND ITS BOUNDARIES .......................................... 8
4. DRAINAGE DESIGN .................................................................................. 27
1.4. METHOD OF WORK ........................................................................... 9
1.4.1. Data collection ................................................................................ 9 4.1. TERRAIN HYDROLOGY .................................................................... 27
1.4.2. Preliminary design .......................................................................... 9 4.1.1. Catchment Areas ........................................................................... 27
4.1.2. Run-off calculations ...................................................................... 28
2. THE PROJECT SETTING ......................................................................... 10
4.1. TOTAL FLOW HYDROGRAPH FOR SUB-BASINS......................................... 30
2.1. EXTENT OF THE OSAPA CHANNEL CATCHMENT....................................... 10 4.2. TOTAL FLOW HYDROGRAPH FOR NODES ................................................ 33
2.2. IMPORTANCE OF STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ............................... 10 4.2.1. Osapa upstream with relevant nodes J-31, J-18, J-17 ............... 33
2.3. CLIMATE .............................................................................................. 10 4.2.2. Osapa Downstream with relevant nodes J-29, J-23, J-26, J-
2.4. RAINFALL .......................................................................................... 11 8 35
3. OSAPA CHANNEL DOWN STREAM REACH ASSESSMENT AND 4.2.3. Igbokushu channel with relevant nodes J-1, J-21, J-22. ........ 37
DESIGN ................................................................................................................ 14 4.2.4. ‘Primary A’ channel with relevant nodes J-23, J-24, J-25. .. 37
4.3. UNSTEADY FLOW HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS.................................................. 38
3.1. DESIGN CRITERIA. .......................................................................... 14
4.3.1. Hydraulic sections ......................................................................... 38
3.2. RUNOFF CALCULATION .................................................................. 14
4.3.2. UNSTEADY FLOW ANALYSIS RESULTS (BYPASS
3.2.1. Rational Method ............................................................................ 14
CHANNEL) 41
REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 2 of 55 February 2010

4.3.3. UNSTEADY FLOW ANALYSIS RESULTS (STRAIGHT

CHANNEL) 45
4.4. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS ........................................ 49
4.4.1. Soil sample data ........................................................................... 49
4.4.2. Quasi-Unsteady flow data........................................................ 50
4.4.3. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSIS RESULTS ................... 52
4.4.4. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSIS RESULTS (BYPASS
CHANNEL WITH SEDIMENT BASIN) ...................................................... 54
4.4.5. CROSSECTION VIEW OF HIGH DEPOSITE AREA. ............. 55
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................. 56

EXECUTIVE
SUMMANRY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report considers the hydraulic and hydrological parameters for
the Osapa channel catchment and these were used to assess and
The objective of this report is to provide the details of the
design the downstream reach of the channel which is to discharge
assessment and design of the Osapa channel downstream reach. A
into the lagoon. The challenge is to study the flow behavior of the
brief was given by Nicon town management Company concerning
channel alignment, if straight and also if diverted via a Bypass
the Osapa channel and its discharge reach whose downstream
channel which will not pass throught the Nicon town premises.
alignment is designed by the Lagos state ministry of environment
(drainage department) to pass through the premises of Nicon town
Two downstream reach were considered for the Osapa channel.
Lekki.
• Straight reach through the premises of Nicon Town.
• Bypass reach circumventing the Nicon town premises on the
The Osapa channel is a about 2.3km in length from midstream at
east and northern boundary wall.
the Lekki Epe express way to Its discharge point inside the Lagos
Two hydraulic assessment procedures were employed
Lagoon behind Nicon town Lekki. As at the point of this report, the
• Gradually varied or unsteady flow simulation for 12hrs.
naturally formed earth channel is beign lined to chainage 0+850
• Quasi-unsteady flow for 3yrs for sediments transport
from the Express way. The Osapa channel is with top width of 12m
simulation
upstream before the Lekki-Epe express way and 15m top width just
after the bridge(in its midstream) on Lekki-Epe expressway to its
present point of construction. Average depth of the channel is 1.5m.

Our assessment results shows: section required for storm water discharge in the sediment
• unsteady flow simulation for 12hrs shows both bypass and prone area.
straight options having water profile elevation for upstream • In three years, with a sediment basin in place, about 0.5m
channels on or below 4m elevation which is fit for purpose sediment deposition height is achieved above ambient invert
• sediment transport simulations shows; about 0.35m elevation of the channel.
sediment deposition (in 3yrs) in the downstream reach if the • Water elevation profile is grossly decreased below flood
channel is made straight while sediment deposition reached limits.
about 1.2m depth (in 3yrs) of the total 1.5m depth of the • Section for bypass channel or straight channel 12m bottom
channel if bypass channel is considered. width trapezoidal channel wit1.5m average depth and 1:2
• Upstream regions becomes prone to flooding due to gross walls
increase in water profile elevation if downstream reach is • Discharge channel into the lagoon is 15m bottom width
made into a bypass channel. trapezoidal channel wit1.5m average depth and 1:2 walls
• The channel total length from the its junction with Igbokushu
Our design results shows channel to the Lekki lagoon is 1.54km for Bypass channel
• Introduction of a sediment basin just before the high • The channel total length from the its junction with Igbokushu
sediment deposition zone in the bypass channel will help channel to the Lekki lagoon is 1.087km for Straight channel
reduce drastically, the rate of depletion of available hydraulic

1. SCOPE AND METHOD OF WORK 1.2. TERMS OF REFERENCE
This project involves the assessment of two possible

1.1. GENERAL
routes for the Osapa channel downstream reach. The first
Noble B.C. Ltd. was commissioned by the Nicon Town
route is to pass straight on through the Nicon town.
Development Company to perform hydrological and
Second route is to adjoin the Nicon town boundary wall
hydraulic design for the reach of the proposed channel to
on the west and north and eventually discharge into the
discharge storm water from the Osapa and Igbokushu
lagoon. This assessment is to help ascertain a feasible
channels into the Lagos lagoon
and resolving alignment for the osapa channel
downstream reach with focus on the possible re-route of
the alignment to follow the second route stated above.
NOBLE B.C is to provide a report in this regards and plan
profile drawings of the eventual route alignment. The
Lagos state government is to use this report as a guide in
assessing the Osapa channel and deliberate on actions
considering routing the Osapa channel downstream
reach. Survey data was provided by the Nicon town
development company via an independent surveyor. This

data was however updated by Noble B.C. Ltd to make it • The South by Atlantic Ocean,
fit for purpose.
1.3. PROJECT AREA AND ITS BOUNDARIES
The Osapa channel alignment starts with its upstream

coordinate at around (710371N and 556583E) it
crosses the Lekki Epe express way at approximately
0.2km east of the Jakande estate Lekki. It traverses
north westward towards the Lekki lagoon in its natural
course and eventually directed downstream into the lekki
lagoon amidst present developments. Other channel
contributing to the Osapa channel is the Igbokushu
channel under construction discharging midstream and
the ‘primary A’ channel discharging downstream.
Detail of the region around the Osapa channel reveals
the boundaries for its catchment area, see figure 1.
• Bounded in the North by the Lekki lagoon Figure 1: schematic representation of drainage network

1.4. METHOD OF WORK 1.4.2. Preliminary design

Storm water runoff calculation was estimated for
1.4.1. Data collection
the Osapa catchment for the assessment of the
Survey data for alignment assessment and design
channel from its upstream point at the Lekki Epe
was supplied by Nicon town development
expressway. Rainfall precipitation were
company. The survey features a plan layout of the
determined for various storm return period which
Osapa channel and its catchment and all
was used in the assessment and design
contributing channels into the alignment. It also
procedure. These form an integral part of this
features the nicon town estate and other estates
report as described in Section 2.4.
within the environ of the alignment. We provided
inverts and bank elevation along the Osapa
alignment.
Soil samples were collected along the osapa

channel for sieve analysis and soil data
evaluation. Hydrological data for storm water
estimation was derived from the Nigerian
meteorological service company.

2. THE PROJECT SETTING 2.2. Importance of storm water drainage system
2.1. Extent of the Osapa channel catchment

The need for an effective and efficient drainage system
for the Lekki catchment cannot be over emphasized.
The entire catchment measures a land mass of about
Lekki lies between two immense water bodies with a land
900 hectares. The environment features appreciable
mass that is almost flat in terrain.
development with roughly about 68% of its land mass
being developed. Storm water infiltration is relatively high
and surface run off is also considerable and would
increase vis-à-vis increased development of the 2.3. Climate
catchment. The catchment Area is bounded in the north
by the Lekki lagoon and in the south by the Atlantic
The Project Area has a littoral type of climate with an
Ocean. Fig. 11 shows the location of the Project Area as
average daily temperature varying between 30°C in the
defined for this study.
hottest month (March) to 24°cC in the coldest month
(August. The relative humidity varies in the region of
100% to 70

2.4. RAINFALL
Rainfall generally occurs during the wet season (April to

October) and occasionally during the early part of Dry
Season (November to March). The rainfall is frequently
accompanied by thunderstorms and can be sudden,
heavy, and of long duration. The average annual rainfall
in the recent years is about 1648mm but a maximum
annual rainfall of about 2020mm has been recorded
during the period 1983-2007.
2007. The maximum monthly
rainfall of 567mm was recorded in the month of July
1996. Rainfall precipitation data for the catchment region
was obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological agency
(NIMET). A 25years duration data was made available to
us for design purpose.
Figure 2: sample rainfall precipitation data for year 2007 Obtained from NIMET

The figures below features the Intensity duration

frequency curves generated from the rainfall precipitation
data for the catchment area obtained from the Nigerian
Meteorological agency (NIMET)
Figure 3 Intensity Duration

Frequency (IDF)
curve for 2years
return storm event
Figure 4: Intensity Duration

Frequency (IDF)
curve for 1year
return storm event
Frequency (IDF)
curve for 5 years
return storm event


ation
Frequency (IDF)
curve for 10 years
yea
return storm event

Figure 7 Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF)
Frequency (IDF) curve for 50 years
curve for 25 years return storm event
return storm event

3. OSAPA CHANNEL DOWN STREAM REACH ASSESSMENT Average land slopes along the terrain are used for the
AND DESIGN estimation process of runoff rates.
3.1. DESIGN CRITERIA.

3.2. RUNOFF CALCULATION
The design criteria are developed on the basis of Land 3.2.1. Rational Method
use, proposed terrain, maintenance and safety of

residence. In the computation of runoff, the Rational
Design storms
method is used which takes into consideration the runoff
coefficient for the land, contributing catchment areas and
The design storm within the jurisdiction of this
the time of concentration.
project shall be a 24-hour duration storm. Type ll
rainfall distribution shall be used in conjunction
For quantity of runoff, all calculations relating to runoff
with the 24-hour rainfall
analysis is based upon proposed land use and takes into
depth.
consideration any contributing runoff from areas adjacent
sub-basins.

Rational equation Where:
A hydrologic equation based on the premise that Q = Flow, m3/s (ft3/s)

the maximum flow rate occurs when the time of C = dimensionless runoff coefficient
concentration of the catchment is equal to the I = rainfall intensity, mm/hr (in/hr)
duration of the storm. The maximum flow rate is A = drainage area, hectares, ha (acres)
proportional to the product of the catchment area Ku = units conversion factor equal to 360 (1.0 in
and the rainfall intensity corresponding to the English Units)
storm duration.
Eq. 3.1
Time of concentration, tc
o The runoff travel time from the most

remote point of the catchment to the outlet
o It comprises the travel time from roof
gutters, open ground, kerb gutter, pipes
and channels

Components of surface and gutter travel times o Locality of the catchment

o Recurrence interval used In the design
o Overland/allotment travel time from o Time of concentration or duration of storm
kinematic wave equation
o Gutter travel time from Izzard's equation
Runoff Coefficient
Average Recurrence Interval (ARI), Y
The runoff coefficient, C, in equation 3-1
3 is a
o The average period between years in function of the ground cover and a host of other
which a value (rainfall or rrunoff) is hydrologic abstractions. It relates the estimated
exceeded peak discharge to a theoretical maximum of 100
o It is not the time between exceedances of percent runoff. Typical values for C are given in
a given value table 3-1.
1. If the basin contains varying amounts of
o Periods between exceedances are random different land cover or other abstractions, a
composite coefficient can be calculated through
areal weighing as follows:
Rainfall intensity, I, is dependent on:
Eq. 3.2

Rainfall Intensity
Rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency curves

are necessary to use the rational method.
Refer to section 2.4 for the Intensity duration
frequency curves for the Lekki, Epe region.
As gotten from the Nigerian Metrological Centre.
Rainfall intensity, I, is dependent on:
o Locality of the catchment

o Recurrence interval used In the design
o Time of concentration or duration of storm
Time of Concentration
There are a number of methods that can be used
to estimate time of concentration (tc), some of
Table 3.1 Runoff Coefficients for Rational Formula

which are intended to calculate the flow velocity

Eq. 3.3
within individual segments of the flow path (e.g.,
shallow concentrated flow, open channel flow,
etc.). The time of concentration
ntration is calculated as
the sum of the travel times within the various where:
consecutive flow segments.

Tti = sheet flow travel time, min
Sheet Flow Travel Time: n = roughness coefficient. (see table 4-2)

L = flow length, m (ft)
Sheet flow is the shallow mass of runoff on a I = rainfall intensity, mm/hr (in/hr)
planar surface with a uniform depth across the S = surface slope, m/m (ft/ft)
sloping surface. This usually occur

occurs at the Ku = empirical coefficient equal to 6.92 (0.933
headwater of streams over relatively short in English units)
distances, rarely more than about 130 m, and Since I depend on tc and tc is not initially known,
possibly less than 25 m. Sheet flow is estimated the computation of tc is an iterative process.
with a version of the kinematic wave equation, a An initial estimate of tc is assumed and used to
derivative of Manning's equation, as follows: obtain I from the IDF curve. The tc is then
computed from equation 4.2 and used to check
the initial value of
o tc. If they are not the same, the

process is repeated until two successive tc Shallow Concentrated Flow Velocity. After short
estimates are the same. distances of at most 130 m (400 ft), sheet flow
tends to concentrate in rills and then gullies of
increasing proportions. Such flow is usually
referred to as shallow concentrated flow. The
velocity of such flow can be estimated using a
relationship between
betwee velocity and slope as follows:
Eq. 3.3
where:
Ku = 1.0 (3.28 in English units)
V = velocity, m/s (ft/s)
Table 3.2 Manning's Roughness Coefficient (n) for Overland Sheet

k = intercept coefficient (table 3-3)
3
Flow Sp = slope, percent

Table 3.3 Intercept Coefficients for Velocity vs. Slope Relationship of

Equation 4.3

3.3. CHANNEL DESIGN R = hydraulic radius (defined as the flow area

divided by the wetted perimeter),
m (ft)
3.3.1. Open Channel Velocity.
S = slope, m/m (ft/ft)
Ku = units conversion factor equal to 1 (1.49 in
Manning's equation can be used to estimate English units)
average flow velocities in pipes and open

channels as follows:
Eqn3.4
where:
n = roughness coefficient (see table 4.4)
V = velocity, m/s (ft/s)
Table 3.4 Values of Manning's Coefficient (n) for Channels

3.3.2. Energy Z = elevation above a given datum, m (ft)

y = flow depth, m (ft)
V = mean velocity, m/s (ft/s)
Conservation of energy is a basic principal in
g = gravitational acceleration, 9.81 m/s2 (32.2
open channel flow. As shown in figure 5
5-1, the
ft/s2)
total energy at a given location in an open
Written between an upstream cross section
channel is expressed as the sum of the potential
designated 1 and a downstream cross section
energy
designated 2, the energy equation becomes
head (elevation), pressure head, and kinetic
energy head (velocity head). The total energy at Eq. 3.6
given channel cross section can be represented
as
where:
Eq. 3.5 hL = head or energy loss between section 1 and
2, m (ft)
where:
Et = total energy, m (ft)

o Subcritical,
Subcritical supercritical or critical
Figure 9: Total energy in open channels.

Figure 10: Specific energy diagram.
Subcritical Flow occurs when the Froude number

is less than one (Fr < 1). In this state
3.3.3. Flow Classification depths greater than critical depth occur (refer to
All channels and drains is classified using the figure 5-2),

2), small water surface disturbances
following characteristics: travel both upstream and downstream, and the

control for the Flow depth is always

downstream. The control is a structure or

obstruction in the channel which affects
Flow. Subcritical Flow can be characterized by 3.3.4. Design Parameters
slower velocities, deeper depths and
while supercritical Flow is represented by faster Parameters required for the design of channels in
velocities, shallower depths and steeper free zone include discharge frequency, channel
geometry, channel slope, vegetation type and
Supercritical Flow occurs when the Froude freeboard. This section provides criteria relative to
number is greater than one (Fr > 1). the selection or computation of these design
of Flow, depths less than critical depth occur elements.
(refer to figure 5-2), small water
disturbances are always swept downstream, and Discharge Frequency
the location of the Flow control
upstream. Most natural open channel flows are The Primary channels will be designed to
subcritical or near critical in nature. discharge 10-year design flows while the
supercritical flows are not uncommon for smooth- secondary channels will be designed for 5 years
lined ditches on steep grades. rainfall return period

Channel Geometry stability conditions warrant, it may be feasible to

adjust the channel gradient slightly
For Primary channels, they will be designed as
trapezoidal in shape. The secondary channels will
be designed as rectangular channels which will Freeboard
form a network and feed the primary channels.
The freeboard of a channel is the vertical distance
Channel side slopes from the water surface to the top of the channel.
The importance of this factor depends on the
The trapezoidal channels to be designed for will consequence of overflow of the channel
have side slopes not exceeding the angle of bank. At a minimum the freeboard is made
repose of the soil in its environ. sufficient to prevent waves, super elevation
changes, or fluctuations in water surface from
Channel Slope overflowing the sides.
In this design, Channel slopes are generally

dictated by the proposed terrain vis-a-vis the flat
nature of the existing terrian. However, if channel

3.4. DESIGN PROCEDURES. 3.5m and as such low in elevation as compared

to the proposed terrain elevations.
On establishment of design concept and design criteria,

design procedures were followed to establish the new
improved layout for the drains network, design runoff,
preparation of channel profiles and preliminary sizing of
drain. A computerized data input from field survey and
calculations were employed for sizing and evaluating the
capacities of proposed channels and pipes.
3.4.1. Special Features.
These involve the relationship of the Major drain

system with respect to other minor drains that it
discharged. A key challenge is the gate house
which presently has a ground floor level of about

4. DRAINAGE DESIGN
4.1. TERRAIN HYDROLOGY
4.1.1. Catchment Areas
Note in the figure 11 that the catchment area for

the Osapa channel is the entire area shown in
green stripes. However, the catchment is divided
into sub-basins named sub-1, sub-2...etc.
This area is defined by the catchment for the
Osapa channel and its contributing secondary
channels.
Figure 11: catchment zones for runoff estimation

4.1.2. Run-off calculations

The rational method is used and land use was
based on Residential but since Lagos residence
are known to have almost all land space paved,
run-off coefficient selected is 0.72. This forms the
basis of the design rational coefficient. Rainfall
return period is 10 years and Sheet flows were
estimated based on 2 years 24hrs rainfall. Note
that the contributing nodes as shown in red and
labelled appropriately.

SN Element Area Weighted Average Equivalent Time Accumulated Total Peak Rainfall
ID Runoff Slope Width of Precipitation Runoff Runoff Intensity
Coefficient Concentration
(ha) (%) (m) (days hh:mm:ss) (mm) (mm) (cms) (mm/hr)

1 sub-1 23.59 0.7200 0.0015 442.44 0 02:56:18 82.14 59.14 1.31 27.950
2 sub-10 8.70 0.7200 0.0015 258.64 0 02:03:41 71.97 51.82 0.60 34.917
3 sub-11 11.94 0.7200 0.0015 272.49 0 02:31:35 77.60 55.87 0.73 30.731
4 sub-12 28.39 0.7200 0.0015 444.57 0 03:22:35 86.45 62.24 1.44 25.614
5 sub-13 32.27 0.7200 0.0015 471.84 0 03:33:32 88.18 63.49 1.59 24.781
6 sub-14 9.48 0.7200 0.0015 182.28 0 02:52:55 81.50 58.68 0.53 28.292
7 sub-15 10.37 0.7200 0.0015 197.81 0 02:54:02 81.72 58.84 0.58 28.178
8 sub-16 6.84 0.7200 0.0015 124.54 0 03:00:25 82.80 59.62 0.37 27.549
9 sub-17 14.28 0.7200 0.0015 235.98 0 03:14:19 85.16 61.32 0.75 26.294
10 sub-18 17.10 0.7200 0.0015 275.66 0 03:18:08 85.79 61.77 0.88 25.973
11 sub-19 13.14 0.7200 0.0015 50.00 0 10:02:15 129.72 93.40 0.34 12.921
12 sub-20 9.52 0.7200 0.0005 191.46 0 04:15:00 94.21 67.83 0.42 22.168
13 sub-21 73.69 0.3400 0.0002 491.03 0 15:49:05 153.59 52.22 0.67 9.711
14 sub-22 96.26 0.7200 0.0015 644.25 0 06:29:49 110.33 79.44 3.24 16.981
15 sub-23 103.93 0.7200 0.0002 691.16 0 15:50:33 153.69 110.65 2.00 9.701
16 sub-24 48.20 0.7200 0.0002 308.50 0 16:19:05 155.38 111.88 0.91 9.523
17 sub-25 139.54 0.7200 0.0002 1464.07 0 11:09:07 134.89 97.12 3.35 12.095
18 sub-26 27.01 0.7200 0.0002 50.00 1 18:24:43 221.68 159.61 0.28 5.227
19 sub-3 9.69 0.7200 0.0015 293.99 0 02:01:43 71.53 51.50 0.68 35.272
20 sub-4 7.75 0.7200 0.0015 256.64 0 01:53:49 69.80 50.26 0.57 36.790
21 sub-5 3.17 0.7200 0.0015 120.63 0 01:42:16 67.11 48.32 0.25 39.349
22 sub-6 8.08 0.7200 0.0015 279.12 0 01:50:10 68.95 49.64 0.60 37.551
23 sub-7 6.16 0.7200 0.0015 115.09 0 02:56:50 82.22 59.20 0.34 27.896
24 sub-8 7.07 0.7200 0.0015 196.58 0 02:10:12 73.35 52.81 0.47 33.811
Figure 12: Sub basin Hydrology data

4.1. Total Flow hydrograph for sub-basins



4.2. Total Flow hydrograph for nodes
4.2.1. Osapa upstream with relevant nodes J-31, J-18,

J-17


4.2.2. Osapa Downstream with relevant nodes J-29, J-

23, J-26, J-8


4.2.3. Igbokushu channel with relevant nodes J-1, J- 4.2.4. ‘Primary A’ channel with relevant nodes J-23, J-
21, J-22. 24, J-25.

4.3. Unsteady flow hydraulic analysis

Existing culvert detail at chainage 0+500m along Osapa
channel
4.3.1. Hydraulic sections
Osapa Upstream
Before the Lekki Epe express way
Trapezoidal channel (Bottom Width (BW) 6m Side Slope
1:2
Existing bridge details at Lekki Epe express way

Existing culvert detail at chainage 1+191m along Osapa

channel by Nicon town estate and Igbokushu channel Bypass Channel (To Pass Through Or Bypass Nicon
junction. Town Premises
Trapezoidal channel (Bottom Width (BW) 12m Side
Slope 1:2
Proposed culvert to cross proposed dual carriage road
behind Nicon town
After the Lekki Epe express way

Trapezoidal channel Bottom Width (BW) 9m Side Slope
1:2

Igbokushu Channel Discharge channel

Upstream Trapezoidal channel (Bottom Width (BW) 15m Side
Rectangular channel (Bottom Width (BW) 3m depth Slope 1:2
1.5m
Midstream
Rectangular channel (Bottom Width (BW) 3m, depth
1.5m
Downstream
1.5m
Downstream
1.5m

4.3.2. UNSTEADY FLOW ANALYSIS RESULTS

(BYPASS CHANNEL)
In this scenario, the Osapa channel is directed in the
alignment indicated as the Bypass channel in the figure
14.
Also find below a schematic representation of the
hydraulic model developed for this analysis. Note that
simulation time is 12 hours based on input data
represented by flow hydrographs shown earlier in this
chapter. These hydrographs were built into the model and
representing total flow and lateral flow hydrographs at
relevant nodes within the reaches of the channel
Figure 13: Hydraulic

model
Figure 14: Osapa channel with Bypass route.

WATER SURFACE PROFILES (OSAPA WITH

BYPASS CHANNEL)
Shows water surface elevation at 0hr, 12hrs and the
maximum water surface elevation attained during the
unsteady flow.
EG= energy grade WS= water surface
Crit= critical Max= maximum
Chnnl= channel Vel= velocity


PROFILE OUTPUT TABLE FOR OSAPA WITH

BYPASS CHANNEL
Figure 15: Summary output table for bypass channel route

4.3.3. UNSTEADY FLOW ANALYSIS RESULTS

(STRAIGHT CHANNEL)
In this scenario, the mid reach of the Osapa
channel is straight and its alignment passes
through the Nicon town estate.
Figure 16: osapa channel with Straight reach
Figure 17: Hdraulic Model

WATER SURFACE PROFILES FOR STRAIGHT

REACH
The profiles feature water surface elevation at 0hr, 12hrs
and the maximum water surface elevation attained during
the unsteady flow.
EG= energy grade
WS= water surface
Crit= critical
Max= maximum
Vel= velocity
Chnnl= channel
Figure 19: flow velocity plot (1)

Figure 18: Unsteady flow analysis, Discharge channel, Bypass and osapa upstream(1)
Figure 22: Flow velocity plot (2)

Figure 20:Unsteady flow analysis, Discharge channel, Bypass and Igbokushu(2)
Figure 23: Flow velocity plot (3)

Figure 21:Unsteady flow analysis, Discharge channel, Primay A channel (3)
PROFILE OUTPUT TABLE FOR OSAPA WITH

STRAIGHT CHANNEL

4.4. Sediment Transport hydraulic analysis 4.4.1. Soil sample data
For this purpose we developed quasi-unsteady flow data

generated from rainfall data for the year 2007 and
simulated it for one, two years and three years sediments
deposit in the channel. Also, soil samples were taken
within the Osapa channel and its environ. Soil
characteristics tests and sieve analysis were conducted to
obtain data for design purpose.
Figure 24: soil sample 1
Figure 25: soil sample 2

4.4.2. Quasi-Unsteady flow data
Figure 26: Quasi- Unsteady flow graph for Bypass channel Figure 28:Quasi-Unsteady flow graph for Igbokushu channel upstream
Figure 27: Quasi-Unsteady flow graph for Osapa channel upstream Figure 29: Quasi-Unsteady flow graph for Primary A channel upstream

Figure 30; Stage hydrograph for discharge point at the lagoon

4.4.3. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSIS RESULTS WATER SURFACE, INVERT CHANGE PROFILES
Here also, two scenarios where considered at this point: This profile features the change in invert elevation of the
• Osapa with Bypass channel proposed channel reach over three years(2007-2010)
• Osapa with Straight channel of sediment deposit after the three seasons of rainfall
event.
OSAPA WITH BYPASS CHANNEL

Maximum water surface profile is seen above 4.8m
upstreram which is above mean ground elevation. This
shows evidence of flooding upstream of the channel.
Sediments deposition is pronounced at the points shown
in figure 31. Rate of sediments deposit is about 0.65m
high per annum at these points and reaches up to 4.1m
elevation in the third year thus taking up about 90% of
the cross-sectional area of the channel section. Refer to
the legend in figure 31 to understand the water surface,
invert behavioural pattern of these reach of Osapa
Figure 31: Sediment deposit for Osapa with Bypass route

channel when its alignment follows the Bypass route. OSAPA WITH STRAIGHT CHANNEL
Figure32 also shows these points in the site layout. Maximum water surface profile is seen below 4.5m which
is mean ground elevation. Sediments deposit is about
300mm in the third year of simulation.
Figure 33: Sediment profile for Osapa channel with straight alignment
Figure 32: layout showing areas of high sediment deposits (with Bypass channel)

BYPASS ROUTE ASSESSMENT is high. Depth of sediment basin is 0.6m, 10m width and
The hydraulic simulation shows that the bypass route will about 40m long within the bed of the channel.
cause accumulation of debris and sediments at the bends
shown in figure 32. This causes water surface elevation
to back up upstream and causing flooding. A straight
alignment shows debris accumulation to about 0.3m
height which is fair enough. However, the situation in the
bypass channel can be remedied. An option is the
introduction of sediment basins at major sediment deposit
areas. The next section shows the result of the
assessment of the bypass option but this time with a
sediment basin.
Figure 34: Sediment deposit for Osapa Bypass option with Sediment basin
4.4.4. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSIS RESULTS

Note that the basin gets filled up in the third year of
(BYPASS CHANNEL WITH SEDIMENT BASIN)
rainfall event and sediment deposition only rises above
This third option is same as the Bypass route but with a
the channel invert to about 0.4m height. Maximum Water
sediment basin introduced at the corner where deposition
elevation is about 4.1m.

4.4.5. CROSSECTION VIEW OF HIGH DEPOSITE

AREA.
Figure 37: cross section of high deposit area for bypass channel without sediment basin Figure 36: cross section at midpoint of straight reach passing through Nicon town
Figure 35: Cross section of High deposit area but with sediment basin

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION the channel and sediment deposition is also imminent but
Two major options were considered. The first is the mild and not concentrated. However, routine maintenance
option of a bypass channel to align with western and is also required to ensure good ambience and hygiene
northern boundary walls of Nicon town and eventually conditions.
discharge into the lagoon. The second is a straight reach

to pass through Nicon town itself and then discharge into
the lagoon.
Option one shows high sediment deposition at the north

east corner of the Nicon town wall. However, a sediment
basin introduced at this corner will help tackle the effects
of deposition but with strict adherence to cleaning out the
sediment basin at least once every year.
The option two is to have a straight reach passing

through Nicon town. This option requires no sediment
basin but because of the unavailability of an appropriate
slope, velocity of flow is below 0.6m/s for most part of

Osapa Channel Report 2010 (Nbc-Cng367-R004rev0)

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2011

HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF OSAPA CHANNEL(NICON TOWN REACH)

3.3. CHANNEL DESIGN ............................................................................ 21

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 2 of 55 February 2010

4.3.3. UNSTEADY FLOW ANALYSIS RESULTS (STRAIGHT

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................. 56

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 3 of 55 February 2010

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 4 of 55 February 2010

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 5 of 55 February 2010

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 6 of 55 February 2010

1. SCOPE AND METHOD OF WORK 1.2. TERMS OF REFERENCE

This project involves the assessment of two possible

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 7 of 55 February 2010

1.3. PROJECT AREA AND ITS BOUNDARIES

The Osapa channel alignment starts with its upstream

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 8 of 55 February 2010

1.4. METHOD OF WORK 1.4.2. Preliminary design

Soil samples were collected along the osapa

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 9 of 55 February 2010

2. THE PROJECT SETTING 2.2. Importance of storm water drainage system

2.1. Extent of the Osapa channel catchment

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 10 of 55 February 2010

Rainfall generally occurs during the wet season (April to

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 11 of 55 February 2010

The figures below features the Intensity duration

Figure 3 Intensity Duration

Figure 4: Intensity Duration

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 12 of 55 February 2010

Figure 6 Intensity Duration

Figure 8 Intensity Duration

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 13 of 55 February 2010

3.1. DESIGN CRITERIA.

use, proposed terrain, maintenance and safety of

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 14 of 55 February 2010

Rational equation Where:

A hydrologic equation based on the premise that Q = Flow, m3/s (ft3/s)

o The runoff travel time from the most

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 15 of 55 February 2010

Components of surface and gutter travel times o Locality of the catchment

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 16 of 55 February 2010

Rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency curves

Rainfall intensity, I, is dependent on:

o Locality of the catchment

Table 3.1 Runoff Coefficients for Rational Formula

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 17 of 55 February 2010

which are intended to calculate the flow velocity

consecutive flow segments.

Sheet Flow Travel Time: n = roughness coefficient. (see table 4-2)

sloping surface. This usually occur

headwater of streams over relatively short in English units)

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 18 of 55 February 2010

Table 3.2 Manning's Roughness Coefficient (n) for Overland Sheet

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 19 of 55 February 2010

Table 3.3 Intercept Coefficients for Velocity vs. Slope Relationship of

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 20 of 55 February 2010

3.3. CHANNEL DESIGN R = hydraulic radius (defined as the flow area

Manning's equation can be used to estimate English units)

average flow velocities in pipes and open

Table 3.4 Values of Manning's Coefficient (n) for Channels

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 21 of 55 February 2010

3.3.2. Energy Z = elevation above a given datum, m (ft)

REF: NBC-CNG367-R004REV0 Page 22 of 55 February 2010

Figure 9: Total energy in open channels.