Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Publication 925
Cat. No. 64265X Contents
What’s New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Department
of the
Treasury Passive Activity Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Internal
Revenue
Service
and Passive Activity Limits . . . . . . .
Who Must Use These Rules? .
......
......
2
2
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2
4
Passive Activity Income and
Deductions . . . . . . . . . . ...... 5
For use in preparing Grouping Your Activities . . . . ...... 7
Recharacterization of Passive
2004 Returns Income . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dispositions . . . . . . . . . . . .
......
......
8
9
How To Report Your Passive
Activity Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Comprehensive Example . . . . . . . . . . . 10
At-Risk Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Who Is Affected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Activities Covered by the At-Risk
Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
At-Risk Amounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Amounts Not At Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Reductions of Amounts At Risk . . . . . . 23
Recapture Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
What’s New
Definition of at-risk amounts expanded.
The following rules apply to amounts borrowed
after May 3, 2004.
• You must file Form 6198 if you are en-
gaged in an activity included in (6) under
Activities Covered by the At-Risk Rules
and you have borrowed certain amounts
described in Certain borrowed amounts
excluded under At-Risk Amounts in this
publication.
• You may be considered at risk for certain
amounts described in Certain borrowed
amounts excluded under At-Risk Amounts
secured by real property used in the activ-
ity of holding real property (other than min-
eral property) that, if nonrecourse, would
be qualified nonrecourse financing.
Reminder
Photographs of missing children. The Inter-
Get forms and other information nal Revenue Service is a proud partner with the
faster and easier by: National Center for Missing and Exploited Chil-
dren. Photographs of missing children selected
Internet • www.irs.gov by the Center may appear in this publication on
pages that would otherwise be blank. You can
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Rental Activities the property is less than 2% of the smaller Commercial revitalization deduction.
of the property’s unadjusted basis or fair The special allowance must first be applied to
A rental activity is a passive activity even if you market value. The unadjusted basis of losses from rental real estate activities figured
materially participated in that activity, unless you property is its cost not reduced by depreci- without the commercial revitalization deduction.
materially participated as a real estate profes- ation or any other basis adjustment. The Any remaining part of the special allowance is
sional. See Real Estate Professional under Ac- rental of property is incidental to a trade or available for the commercial revitalization de-
tivities That Are Not Passive Activities, later. An business activity if all of the following ap- duction from the rental real estate activities and
activity is a rental activity if tangible property ply. is not subject to the active participation rules or
(real or personal) is used by customers or held the phaseout based on modified adjusted gross
for use by customers, and the gross income (or a. You own an interest in the trade or busi- income.
expected gross income) from the activity repre- ness activity during the year. For more information about the commercial
sents amounts paid (or to be paid) mainly for the revitalization deduction, see Publication 954,
use of the property. It does not matter whether b. The rental property was used mainly in
that trade or business activity during the Tax Incentives for Distressed Communities.
the use is under a lease, a service contract, or
some other arrangement. current year, or during at least 2 of the Active participation. Active participation is
5 preceding tax years. not the same as material participation, defined
c. Your gross rental income from the prop- later. Active participation is a less stringent stan-
Exceptions. Your activity is not a rental activ-
erty is less than 2% of the smaller of its dard than material participation. For example,
ity if any of the following apply.
you may be treated as actively participating if
unadjusted basis or fair market value.
1. The average period of customer use of the you make management decisions in a signifi-
Lodging provided to an employee or the
property is 7 days or less. You figure the cant and bona fide sense. Management deci-
employee’s spouse or dependents is in-
average period of customer use by dividing sions that count as active participation include
cidental to the activity or activities in
the total number of days in all rental peri- approving new tenants, deciding on rental
which the employee performs services
ods by the number of rentals during the tax terms, approving expenditures, and similar deci-
if the lodging is furnished for the
year. If the activity involves renting more sions.
employer’s convenience.
than one class of property, multiply the av- Only individuals can actively participate in
erage period of customer use of each 5. You customarily make the rental property rental real estate activities. However, a
class by a fraction. The numerator of the decedent’s estate is treated as actively partici-
available during defined business hours for
fraction is the gross rental income from pating for its tax years ending less than 2 years
nonexclusive use by various customers.
that class of property and the denominator after the decedent’s death, if the decedent
is the activity’s total gross rental income. 6. You provide the property for use in a would have satisfied the active participation re-
The activity’s average period of customer nonrental activity in your capacity as an quirement for the activity for the tax year the
use will equal the sum of the amounts for owner of an interest in the partnership, S decedent died.
each class. corporation, or joint venture conducting A decedent’s qualified revocable trust can
that activity. also be treated as actively participating if both
2. The average period of customer use of the the trustee and the executor (if any) of the estate
property, as figured in (1) above, is 30 If you meet any of the exceptions listed choose to treat the trust as part of the estate.
days or less and you provide significant TIP above, see the instructions for Form The choice applies to tax years ending after the
personal services with the rentals. Signifi- 8582 for information about how to re- decedent’s death and before:
cant personal services include only serv- port any income or loss from the activity.
ices performed by individuals. To • 2 years after the decedent’s death if no
determine if personal services are signifi- estate tax return is required, or
cant, all relevant facts and circumstances Special $25,000 allowance. If you or your
spouse actively participated in a passive rental • 6 months after the estate tax liability is
are taken into consideration, including the
real estate activity, you can deduct up to finally determined if an estate tax return is
frequency of the services, the type and
$25,000 of loss from the activity from your required.
amount of labor required to perform the
services, and the value of the services rel- nonpassive income. This special allowance is
an exception to the general rule disallowing The choice is irrevocable and cannot be made
ative to the amount charged for use of the
losses in excess of income from passive activi- later than the due date for the estate’s first in-
property. Significant personal services do
ties. Similarly, you can offset credits from the come tax return (including any extensions).
not include the following.
activity against the tax on up to $25,000 of Limited partners are not treated as actively
a. Services needed to permit the lawful nonpassive income after taking into account any participating in a partnership’s rental real estate
use of the property, losses allowed under this exception. activities.
If you are married, filing a separate return, You are not treated as actively participating
b. Services to repair or improve property
and lived apart from your spouse for the entire in a rental real estate activity unless your interest
that would extend its useful life for a
tax year, your special allowance cannot be more in the activity (including your spouse’s interest)
period substantially longer than the av-
than $12,500. If you lived with your spouse at was at least 10% (by value) of all interests in the
erage rental, and
any time during the year and are filing a sepa- activity throughout the year.
c. Services that are similar to those com- rate return, you cannot use the special allow- Active participation is not required to take the
monly provided with long-term rentals of ance to reduce your nonpassive income or tax low-income housing credit, the rehabilitation in-
real estate, such as cleaning and main- on nonpassive income. vestment credit, or commercial revitalization de-
tenance of common areas or routine re- The maximum special allowance is reduced duction from rental real estate activities.
pairs. if your modified adjusted gross income exceeds
certain amounts. See Phaseout rule, later. Example. Mike, a single taxpayer, had the
3. You provide extraordinary personal serv- following income and loss during the tax year:
ices in making the rental property available Example. Kate, a single taxpayer, has
for customer use. Services are extraordi- Salary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $42,300
$70,000 in wages, $15,000 income from a lim-
nary personal services if they are per- Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
ited partnership, a $26,000 loss from rental real
formed by individuals and the customers’ Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400
estate activities in which she actively partici- Rental loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4,000)
use of the property is incidental to their pated, and less than $100,000 of modified ad-
receipt of the services. justed gross income. She can use $15,000 of The rental loss came from a house Mike
4. The rental is incidental to a nonrental activ- her $26,000 loss to offset her $15,000 passive owned. He advertised and rented the house to
ity. The rental of property is incidental to income from the partnership. She actively partic- the current tenant himself. He also collected the
an activity of holding property for invest- ipated in her rental real estate activities, so she rents and either did the repairs or hired someone
ment if the main purpose of holding the can use the remaining $11,000 rental real estate to do them.
property is to realize a gain from its appre- loss to offset $11,000 of her nonpassive income Even though the rental loss is a loss from a
ciation and the gross rental income from (wages). passive activity, Mike can use the entire $4,000
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loss to offset his other income because he ac- the year, some of your income and deduc-
tively participated. Minus required reduction (see above) 10,000 tions from the working interest may be
treated as passive activity gross income
Phaseout rule. The maximum special al- Adjusted special allowance . . . . . . $15,000 and passive activity deductions. See Tem-
lowance of $25,000 ($12,500 for married individ-
porary Regulations section
uals filing separate returns and living apart at all Passive loss from rental real estate $31,000 1.469-1T(e)(4)(ii).
times during the year) is reduced by 50% of the
amount of your modified adjusted gross income Deduction allowable/Adjusted 3. The rental of a dwelling unit that you also
that is more than $100,000 ($50,000 if you are special allowance (see above) . . . . 15,000 used for personal purposes during the year
married filing separately). If your modified ad- for more than the greater of 14 days or
justed gross income is $150,000 or more Amount that must be carried forward $16,000 10% of the number of days during the year
($75,000 or more if you are married filing sepa- that the home was rented at a fair rental.
Exceptions to the phaseout rules. A
rately), you generally cannot use the special 4. An activity of trading personal property for
higher phaseout range applies to low-income
allowance. the account of those who own interests in
housing credits for property placed in service
Modified adjusted gross income for this before 1990 and rehabilitation investment cred- the activity. See Temporary Regulations
purpose is your adjusted gross income figured its from rental real estate activities. For those section 1.469-1T(e)(6).
without the following. credits, the phaseout of the $25,000 special 5. Rental real estate activities in which you
• Taxable social security and tier 1 railroad allowance starts when your modified adjusted materially participated as a real estate pro-
retirement benefits. gross income exceeds $200,000 ($100,000 if fessional. See Real Estate Professional,
you are a married individual filing a separate later.
• Deductible contributions to individual re- return and living apart at all times during the
tirement accounts (IRAs) and section year). You should not enter income and
501(c)(18) pension plans. There is no phaseout of the $25,000 special ! losses from these activities on Form
• The exclusion from income of interest from allowance for low-income housing credits for 8582. Instead, enter them on the forms
CAUTION
property placed in service after 1989 or for the or schedules you would normally use.
qualified U.S. savings bonds used to pay
commercial revitalization deduction. If you hold
qualified higher education expenses.
an indirect interest in the property through a
• The exclusion from income of amounts re- par t ner sh i p , S c o r p o r a t i o n , o r o t h e r Material Participation
ceived from an employer’s adoption assis- pass-through entity, the special exception for
tance program. the low-income housing credit will not apply un- A trade or business activity is not a passive
less you also acquired your interest in the activity if you materially participated in the activ-
• Passive activity income or loss included pass-through entity after 1989. ity.
on Form 8582.
Ordering rules. If you have more than one
• Any rental real estate loss allowed be- of the exceptions to the phaseout rules in the
Material participation tests. You materially
cause you materially participated in the participated in a trade or business activity for a
same tax year, you must apply the $25,000 tax year if you satisfy any of the following tests.
rental activity as a real estate professional phaseout against your passive activity losses
(as discussed later, under Activities That and credits in the following order.
Are Not Passive Activities). 1. You participated in the activity for more
than 500 hours.
1. The portion of passive activity losses not
• Any overall loss from a publicly traded
attributable to the commercial revitalization 2. Your participation was substantially all the
partnership (see Publicly Traded Partner-
deduction. participation in the activity of all individuals
ships (PTPs) in the instructions for Form
for the tax year, including the participation
8582). 2. The portion of passive activity losses at-
of individuals who did not own any interest
tributable to the commercial revitalization
• The deduction for one-half of self-employ- deduction.
in the activity.
ment tax.
3. You participated in the activity for more
3. The portion of passive activity credits at-
• The deduction allowed for interest on stu- tributable to credits other than the rehabili-
than 100 hours during the tax year, and
dent loans. you participated at least as much as any
tation and low-income housing credits.
other individual (including individuals who
• The deduction for qualified tuition and re- 4. The portion of passive activity credits at- did not own any interest in the activity) for
lated expenses. tributable to the rehabilitation credit and the year.
low-income housing credit for property
4. The activity is a significant participation ac-
Example. During 2004, John was unmar- placed in service prior to 1990.
tivity, and you participated in all significant
ried and was not a real estate professional. For 5. The portion of passive activity credits at- participation activities for more than 500
2004, he had $120,000 in salary and a $31,000 tributable to the low-income housing credit hours. A significant participation activity is
loss from his rental real estate activities in which for property placed in service after 1989. any trade or business activity in which you
he actively participated. His modified adjusted participated for more than 100 hours dur-
gross income is $120,000. When he files his ing the year and in which you did not mate-
2004 return, he may deduct only $15,000 of his Activities That Are Not rially participate under any of the material
passive activity loss. He must carry over the Passive Activities participation tests, other than this test. See
remaining $16,000 passive activity loss to 2005. Significant Participation Passive Activities,
He figures his deduction and carryover as fol- The following are not passive activities. under Recharacterization of Passive In-
lows: come, later.
1. Trade or business activities in which you
Adjusted gross income, modified as materially participated for the tax year. 5. You materially participated in the activity
required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $120,000 for any 5 (whether or not consecutive) of
2. A working interest in an oil or gas well
the 10 immediately preceding tax years.
which you hold directly or through an entity
Minus amount not subject to
phaseout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 that does not limit your liability (such as a 6. The activity is a personal service activity in
general partner interest in a partnership). It which you materially participated for any 3
Amount subject to phaseout rule . . . $20,000 does not matter whether you materially (whether or not consecutive) preceding tax
Multiply by 50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . × 50% participated in the activity for the tax year. years. An activity is a personal service ac-
However, if your liability was limited for tivity if it involves the performance of per-
Required reduction to special part of the year (for example, you con- sonal services in the fields of health
allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 verted your general partner interest to a (including veterinary services), law, engi-
limited partner interest during the year) neering, architecture, accounting, actuarial
Maximum special allowance . . . . . $25,000 and you had a net loss from the well for science, performing arts, consulting, or any
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other trade or business in which capital is Material participation tests, discussed earlier, (or are considered to have owned) more than
not a material income-producing factor. for the tax year. 5% of your employer’s outstanding stock, out-
You are not treated as a limited partner, standing voting stock, or capital or profits inter-
7. Based on all the facts and circumstances,
however, if you also were a general partner in est.
you participated in the activity on a regular,
the partnership at all times during the If you file a joint return, do not count your
continuous, and substantial basis during
partnership’s tax year ending with or within your spouse’s personal services to determine
the year.
tax year (or, if shorter, during that part of the whether you met the preceding requirements.
You did not materially participate in the activ- partnership’s tax year in which you directly or However, you can count your spouse’s partici-
ity under test (7) if you participated in the activity indirectly owned your limited partner interest). pation in an activity in determining if you materi-
for 100 hours or less during the year. Your par- ally participated.
ticipation in managing the activity does not count Retired or disabled farmer and surviving
in determining whether you materially partici- spouse of a farmer. If you are a retired or Real property trades or businesses. A
pated under this test if: disabled farmer, you are treated as materially real property trade or business is a trade or
participating in a farming activity if you materially business that does any of the following with real
• Any person other than you received com- participated for 5 or more of the 8 years before property.
pensation for managing the activity, or your retirement or disability. Similarly, if you are
a surviving spouse of a farmer, you are treated • Develops or redevelops it.
• Any individual spent more hours during
the tax year managing the activity than as materially participating in a farming activity if • Constructs or reconstructs it.
the real property used in the activity meets the
you did (regardless of whether the individ-
estate tax rules for special valuation of farm • Acquires it.
ual was compensated for the management
services).
property passed from a qualifying decedent, and • Converts it.
you actively manage the farm.
• Rents or leases it.
Corporations. A closely held corporation or a
Participation. In general, any work you do in
personal service corporation is treated as mate-
• Operates or manages it.
connection with an activity in which you own an
interest is treated as participation in the activity. rially participating in an activity only if one or • Brokers it.
more shareholders holding more than 50% by
Work not usually performed by owners. value of the outstanding stock of the corporation Closely held corporations. A closely held
You do not treat the work you do in connection materially participate in the activity. corporation can qualify as a real estate profes-
with an activity as participation in the activity if A closely held corporation can also satisfy sional if more than 50% of the gross receipts for
both of the following are true. the material participation standard by meeting its tax year came from real property trades or
• The work is not work that is customarily the first two requirements for the qualifying busi- businesses in which it materially participated.
done by the owner of that type of activity. ness exception from the at-risk limits. See Spe-
• One of your main reasons for doing the
cial exception for qualified corporations under Passive Activity Income and
Activities Covered by the At-Risk Rules, later.
work is to avoid the disallowance of any Deductions
loss or credit from the activity under the
passive activity rules. In figuring your net income or loss from a pas-
Real Estate Professional sive activity, take into account only passive ac-
Participation as an investor. You do not Generally, rental activities are passive activities tivity income and passive activity deductions.
treat the work you do in your capacity as an even if you materially participated in them. How-
Self-charged interest. Certain self-charged
investor in an activity as participation unless you ever, if you qualified as a real estate profes-
interest income or deductions may be treated as
are directly involved in the day-to-day manage- sional, rental real estate activities in which you
passive activity gross income or passive activity
ment or operations of the activity. Work you do materially participated are not passive activities.
deductions if the loan proceeds are used in a
as an investor includes: For this purpose, each interest you have in a
passive activity.
rental real estate activity is a separate activity,
• Studying and reviewing financial state- unless you choose to treat all interests in rental Generally, self-charged interest income and
ments or reports on operations of the ac- real estate activities as one activity. See the deductions result from loans between you and a
tivity, instructions for Schedule E (Form 1040) for in- partnership or S corporation in which you had a
• Preparing or compiling summaries or anal- formation about making this choice. direct or indirect ownership interest. This in-
yses of the finances or operations of the If you qualified as a real estate professional cludes both loans you made to the partnership
activity for your own use, and for 2004, report income or losses from rental real or S corporation and loans the partnership or S
estate activities in which you materially partici- corporation made to you.
• Monitoring the finances or operations of pated as nonpassive income or losses, and It also includes loans from one partnership or
the activity in a nonmanagerial capacity. S corporation to another partnership or S corpo-
complete line 43 of Schedule E (Form 1040). If
you also have an unallowed loss from these ration if each owner in the borrowing entity has
Spouse’s participation. Your participation in activities from an earlier year when you did not the same proportional ownership interest in the
an activity includes your spouse’s participation. qualify, see Treatment of former passive activi- lending entity.
This applies even if your spouse did not own any ties under Passive Activities, earlier. Exception. The self-charged interest rules
interest in the activity and you and your spouse do not apply to your interest in a partnership or S
do not file a joint return for the year. Qualifications. You qualified as a real estate corporation if the entity made an election under
professional for the year if you met both of the Regulations section 1.469-7(g) to avoid the ap-
Proof of participation. You can use following requirements.
any reasonable method to prove your plication of these rules. For more details on the
RECORDS
participation in an activity for the year. • More than half of the personal services self-charged interest rules, see Regulations
You do not have to keep contemporaneous daily you performed in all trades or businesses section 1.469-7.
time reports, logs, or similar documents if you during the tax year were performed in real
can establish your participation in some other property trades or businesses in which
way. For example, you can show the services you materially participated. Passive Activity Income
you performed and the approximate number of • You performed more than 750 hours of Passive activity income includes all income from
hours spent by using an appointment book, cal- services during the tax year in real prop- passive activities and generally includes gain
endar, or narrative summary. erty trades or businesses in which you from disposition of an interest in a passive activ-
materially participated. ity or property used in a passive activity.
Limited partners. If you owned an activity as Passive activity income does not include the
a limited partner, you generally are not treated Do not count personal services you performed following items.
as materially participating in the activity. How- as an employee in real property trades or busi-
ever, you are treated as materially participating nesses unless you were a 5% owner of your • Income from an activity that is not a pas-
in the activity if you met test (1), (5), or (6) under employer. You were a 5% owner if you owned sive activity. These activities are dis-
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cussed under Activities That Are Not Disposition of property interests. Gain on plies only if you meet all of the following condi-
Passive Activities, earlier. the disposition of an interest in property gener- tions.
ally is passive activity income if, at the time of
• Portfolio income. This includes interest, the disposition, the property was used in an • At the time of disposition, you held your
dividends, annuities, and royalties not de- activity that was a passive activity in the year of interest in the property in a dealing activity
rived in the ordinary course of a trade or disposition. The gain generally is not passive (an activity that involves holding the prop-
business. It includes gain or loss from the activity income if, at the time of disposition, the erty or similar property mainly for sale to
disposition of property that produces these property was used in an activity that was not a customers in the ordinary course of a
types of income or that is held for invest- passive activity in the year of disposition. An trade or business).
ment. exception to this general rule may apply if you • Your other activities included a nondealing
The exclusion for portfolio income does previously used the property in a different activ- activity (an activity that does not involve
not apply to self-charged interest treated ity. holding similar property for sale to custom-
as passive activity income. For more infor- ers in the ordinary course of a trade or
Exception for more than one use in the
mation on self-charged interest, see business) in which you used the property
preceding 12 months. If you used the prop-
Self-charged interest, earlier. for more than 80% of the period you held
erty in more than one activity during the
• Personal service income. This includes 12-month period before its disposition, you must it.
salaries, wages, commissions, self-em- allocate the gain between the activities on a • You did not acquire or hold your interest in
ployment income from trade or business basis that reasonably reflects the property’s use the property for the main purpose of sell-
activities in which you materially partici- during that period. Any gain allocated to a pas- ing it to customers in the ordinary course
pated, deferred compensation, taxable so- sive activity is passive activity income. of a trade or business.
cial security and other retirement benefits, For this purpose, an allocation of the gain
and payments from partnerships to part- solely to the activity in which the property was
ners for personal services. mainly used during that period reasonably re- Passive Activity Deductions
flects the property’s use if the fair market value
• Income from positive section 481 adjust- of your interest in the property is not more than Passive activity deductions include all deduc-
ments allocated to activities other than tions from activities that are passive activities for
the lesser of:
passive activities. (Section 481 adjust- the current tax year and all deductions from
ments are adjustments that must be made • $10,000, or passive activities that were disallowed under the
passive loss rules in prior tax years and carried
due to changes in your accounting • 10% of the total of the fair market value of forward to the current tax year. They also in-
method.) your interest in the property and the fair
clude losses from dispositions of property used
• Income or gain from investments of work- market value of all other property used in
in a passive activity at the time of the disposition
that activity immediately before the dispo-
ing capital. and losses from a disposition of less than your
sition.
entire interest in a passive activity.
• Income from an oil or gas property if you
treated any loss from a working interest in Exception for substantially appreciated Passive activity deductions do not include
the property for any tax year beginning property. The gain is passive activity income the following items.
after 1986 as a nonpassive loss, as dis- if the fair market value of the property at disposi-
cussed in item (2) under Activities That tion was more than 120% of its adjusted basis • Deductions for expenses (other than inter-
and either of the following conditions applies. est expense) that are clearly and directly
Are Not Passive Activities, earlier. This
allocable to portfolio income.
also applies to income from other oil and • You used the property in a passive activity
gas property the basis of which is deter- for 20% of the time you held your interest • Qualified home mortgage interest, capital-
mined wholly or partly by the basis of the in the property. ized interest expenses, and other interest
property in the preceding sentence. expenses (other than self-charged inter-
• You used the property in a passive activity est) properly allocable to passive activi-
• Any income from intangible property, such for the entire 24-month period before its ties. For more information on self-charged
as a patent, copyright, or literary, musical, disposition. interest, see Self-charged interest under
or artistic composition, if your personal ef- Passive Activity Income and Deductions,
If neither condition applies, the gain is not pas-
forts significantly contributed to the crea- earlier.
sive activity income. However, it is treated as
tion of the property.
portfolio income only if you held the property for • Losses from dispositions of property that
• Any other income that must be treated as investment for more than half of the time you produce portfolio income or property held
nonpassive income. See Recharacteriza- held it in nonpassive activities. for investment.
tion of Passive Income, later. For this purpose, treat property you held • State, local, and foreign income taxes.
• Overall gain from any interest in a publicly through a corporation (other than an S corpora-
traded partnership. See Publicly Traded tion) or other entity whose owners receive only • Miscellaneous itemized deductions that
portfolio income as property held in a nonpas- may be disallowed because of the
Partnerships (PTPs) in the instructions for
sive activity and as property held for investment. 2%-of-adjusted-gross-income limit.
Form 8582.
Also, treat the date you agree to transfer your • Charitable contribution deductions.
• State, local, and foreign income tax re- interest for a fixed or determinable amount as
funds. the disposition date. • Net operating loss deductions.
• Income from a covenant not to compete. If you used the property in more than one • Percentage depletion carryovers for oil
activity during the 12-month period before its and gas wells.
• Reimbursement of a casualty or theft loss disposition, this exception applies only to the
included in gross income to recover all or part of the gain allocated to a passive activity
• Capital loss carrybacks and carryovers.
part of a prior year loss deduction, if the under the rules described in the preceding dis- • Deductions and losses that would have
loss deduction was not a passive activity cussion. been allowed for tax years beginning
deduction. before 1987 but for basis or at-risk limits.
• Alaska Permanent Fund dividends. Disposition of property converted to inven-
• Net negative section 481 adjustments allo-
tory. If you disposed of property that you had
• Cancellation of debt income, if at the time converted to inventory from its use in another
cated to activities other than passive activ-
the debt is discharged the debt is not allo- ities. (Section 481 adjustments are
activity (for example, you sold condominium
cated to passive activities under the inter- adjustments required due to changes in
units you previously held for use in a rental
est expense allocation rules. See chapter accounting methods.)
activity), a special rule may apply. Under this
5 of Publication 535, Business Expenses, rule, you disregard the property’s use as inven- • Casualty and theft losses, unless losses
for information about the rules for allocat- tory and treat it as if it were still used in that other similar in cause and severity recur regu-
ing interest. activity at the time of disposition. This rule ap- larly in the activity.
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• The deduction for one-half of self-employ- • A movie theater activity and a bakery ac- rental and Healthy Food’s grocery business into
ment tax. tivity, a single trade or business activity.
• A Baltimore activity and a Philadelphia ac- Grouping of real and personal property
Grouping Your Activities tivity, or rentals. In general, you cannot treat an activity
involving the rental of real property and an activ-
• Four separate activities. ity involving the rental of personal property as a
You can treat one or more trade or business
activities, or rental activities, as a single activity if single activity. However, you can treat them as a
those activities form an appropriate economic Example 2. Betty is a partner in ABC part- single activity if you provide the personal prop-
unit for measuring gain or loss under the passive nership, which sells nonfood items to grocery erty in connection with the real property or the
activity rules. stores. Betty is also a partner in DEF (a trucking real property in connection with the personal
Grouping is important for a number of rea- business). ABC and DEF are under common property.
sons. If you group two activities into one larger control. The main part of DEF’s business is
transporting goods for ABC. DEF is the only Certain activities may not be grouped. In
activity, you need only show material partici-
trucking business in which Betty is involved. general, if you own an interest as a limited part-
pation in the activity as a whole. But if the two
Based on the rules of this section, Betty treats ner or a limited entrepreneur in one of the follow-
activities are separate, you must show material
ABC’s wholesale activity and DEF’s trucking ac- ing activities, you may not group that activity with
participation in each one. On the other hand, if any other activity in another type of business.
tivity as a single activity.
you group two activities into one larger activity
and you dispose of one of the two, then you Consistency and disclosure requirement. • Holding, producing, or distributing motion
have disposed of only part of your entire interest Generally, when you group activities into appro- picture films or video tapes.
in the activity. But if the two activities are sepa- priate economic units, you may not regroup • Farming.
rate and you dispose of one of them, then you those activities in a later tax year. You must
have disposed of your entire interest in that meet any disclosure requirements of the Internal • Leasing any section 1245 property (as de-
activity. Revenue Service (IRS) when you first group fined in section 1245(a)(3) of the Internal
Grouping can also be important in determin- your activities and when you add or dispose of Revenue Code). For a list of section 1245
any activities in your groupings. property, see Section 1245 property under
ing whether you meet the 10% ownership re-
However, if the original grouping is clearly Activities Covered by the At-Risk Rules,
quirement for actively participating in a rental
inappropriate or there is a material change in the later.
real estate activity.
facts and circumstances that makes the original • Exploring for, or exploiting, oil and gas re-
grouping clearly inappropriate, you must re- sources.
Appropriate Economic Units group the activities and comply with any disclo-
sure requirements of the IRS. • Exploring for, or exploiting, geothermal de-
Generally, to determine if activities form an ap- posits.
propriate economic unit, you must consider all Regrouping by the IRS. If any of the activities
the relevant facts and circumstances. You can resulting from your grouping is not an appropri- If you own an interest as a limited partner or a
use any reasonable method of applying the rele- ate economic unit and one of the primary pur- limited entrepreneur in an activity described in
vant facts and circumstances in grouping activi- poses of your grouping (or failure to regroup) is the list above, you may group that activity with
ties. The following factors have the greatest to avoid the passive activity rules, the IRS may another activity in the same type of business if
weight in determining whether activities form an regroup your activities. the grouping forms an appropriate economic
appropriate economic unit. All of the factors do unit as discussed earlier.
Rental activities. In general, you cannot
not have to apply to treat more than one activity Limited entrepreneur. A limited entrepre-
group a rental activity with a trade or business
as a single activity. The factors that you should neur is a person who:
activity. However, you can group them together
consider are:
if the activities form an appropriate economic • Has an interest in an enterprise other than
1. The similarities and differences in the unit and: as a limited partner, and
types of trades or businesses, • The rental activity is insubstantial in rela- • Does not actively participate in the man-
2. The extent of common control, tion to the trade or business activity, agement of the enterprise.
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Publicly traded partnership (PTP). You pation Passive Activities, later, if the activity is a Column (a). Enter the number of hours you
may not group activities conducted through a significant participation passive activity and you participated in each activity and total the col-
PTP with any other activity, including an activity also have a net loss from a different significant umn.
conducted through another PTP. participation passive activity. If the total is more than 500, do not complete
Worksheet A or B. None of the activities are
Partial dispositions. If you dispose of sub- Limit on recharacterized passive income. passive activities because you satisfy test 4 for
stantially all of an activity during your tax year, The total amount that you treat as nonpassive material participation. (See Material partici-
you may treat the part disposed of as a separate income under the rules described later in this pation tests, earlier.) Report all the income and
activity. However, you can do this only if you can discussion for significant participation passive losses from these activities on the forms and
show with reasonable certainty: activities, rental of nondepreciable property, and schedules you normally use. Do not include the
• The amount of deductions and credits dis- equity-financed lending activities cannot exceed income and losses on Form 8582.
allowed in prior years under the passive the greatest amount that you treat as nonpas- Column (b). Enter the net loss, if any, from
activity rules that is allocable to the part of sive income under any one of these rules. the activity. Net loss from an activity means
the activity disposed of, and either:
Investment income and investment expense.
• The amount of gross income and any To figure your investment interest expense limi- • The activity’s current year net loss (if any)
other deductions and credits for the cur- tation on Form 4952, treat as investment income plus prior year unallowed losses (if any),
rent tax year that is allocable to the part of any net passive income recharacterized as or
the activity disposed of. nonpassive income from rental of nondeprecia- • The excess of prior year unallowed losses
ble property, equity-financed lending activity, or over the current year net income (if any).
licensing of intangible property by a
Recharacterization pass-through entity.
Enter -0- here if the prior year unallowed
of Passive Income loss is the same as the current year net
income.
Net income from the following passive activities Significant Participation Column (c). Enter net income, if any, from
may have to be recharacterized and excluded
from passive activity income.
Passive Activities the activity. Net income means the excess of the
current year’s net income from the activity over
• Significant participation passive activities, A significant participation passive activity is any
any prior year unallowed losses from the activ-
trade or business activity in which you partici-
• Rental of property when less than 30% of pated for more than 100 hours during the tax ity.
the unadjusted basis of the property is year but did not materially participate. Column (d). Combine amounts in the
subject to depreciation, If your gross income from all significant par- Totals row for columns (b) and (c) and enter the
• Equity-financed lending activities, ticipation passive activities is more than your total net income or net loss in the Totals row of
deductions from those activities, a part of your column (d). If column (d) is a net loss, skip
• Rental of property incidental to develop- net income from each significant participation Worksheet B, Significant Participation Activities
ment activities, passive activity is treated as nonpassive in- With Net Income. Include the income and losses
• Rental of property to nonpassive activities, come. in Worksheet 3 of Form 8582 (or Worksheet 2 of
and Form 8810).
Corporations. An activity of a personal serv- If column (d) shows net income and you must
• Licensing of intangible property by ice corporation or closely held corporation is a complete Form 8582 because you have other
pass-through entities. passive activities to report, complete Worksheet
significant participation passive activity if both of
If you are engaged in or have an interest in one the following statements are true. B on page 9. However, you do not have to
of these activities during the tax year (either complete Form 8582 if column (d) shows net
directly or through a partnership or an S corpora-
• The corporation is not treated as materi- income and you have only significant partici-
ally participating in the activity for the year. pation activities. If you do not have to complete
tion), combine the income and losses from the
activity to determine if you have a net loss or net • One or more individuals, each of whom is Form 8582, skip Worksheet B and report the net
income from that activity. treated as significantly participating in the income and net losses from columns (b) and (c)
activity, directly or indirectly hold (in total) on the forms and schedules you normally use.
If the result is a net loss, treat the income and
more than 50% (by value) of the
losses the same as any other income or losses Worksheet B. List only the significant partici-
corporation’s outstanding stock.
from that type of passive activity (trade or busi- pation passive activities that have net income as
ness activity or rental activity). shown in column (c) of Worksheet A.
If the result is net income, do not enter any of Worksheet A. Complete Worksheet A, Signifi-
Column (a). Enter the net income of each
the income or losses from the activity or property cant Participation Passive Activities, if you have
activity from column (c) of Worksheet A.
on Form 8582 or its worksheets. Instead, enter income or losses from any significant partici-
income or losses on the form and schedules you pation activity. Begin by entering the name of Column (b). Divide each of the individual
normally use. However, see Significant Partici- each activity in the left column. net income amounts in column (a) by the total of
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Worksheet B. Significant Participation Activities With Net Income Keep for Your Records
(c) Nonpassive
Name of activity (b) Ratio (d) Passive income
income
with net income (a) Net income See instructions Subtract col. (c) from col. (a)
See instructions
Totals 1.000
column (a). The result is a ratio. In column (b), Rental of Property Incidental This recharacterization rule does not apply if:
enter the ratio for each activity as a decimal to a Development Activity
(rounded to at least three places). The total of 1. The expenses reasonably incurred by the
these ratios must equal 1.000. Net passive income from this type of activity will entity in developing or marketing the prop-
be treated as nonpassive income if all of the erty exceed 50% of the gross royalties
Column (c). Multiply the amount in the following apply. from licensing the property that are includi-
Totals row of column (d) of Worksheet A by each ble in your gross income for the tax year,
of the ratios in column (b). Enter the results in • You recognize gain from the sale, ex- or
column (c). change, or other disposition of the rental
property during the tax year. 2. Your share of the expenses reasonably in-
Column (d). Subtract column (c) from col- curred by the entity in developing or mar-
umn (a). To this figure, add the amount of prior • You started to rent the property less than keting the property for all tax years
year unallowed losses, if any, that reduced the 12 months before the date of disposition. exceeded 25% of the fair market value of
current year net income. Enter the result in col- • You materially participated or significantly your interest in the intangible property at
umn (d). Enter these amounts on Worksheet 3 of participated for any tax year in an activity the time you acquired your interest in the
Form 8582 or Worksheet 2 of Form 8810. (Also, that involved the performance of services entity.
see Limit on recharacterized passive income, for the purpose of enhancing the value of
earlier.) For purposes of (2) above, capital expendi-
the property (or any other item of property tures are taken into account for the entity’s tax
if the basis of the property disposed of is year in which the expenditure is chargeable to a
determined in whole or in part by refer- capital account, and your share of the expendi-
Rental of Nondepreciable Property ence to the basis of that item of property). ture is figured as if it were allowed as a deduc-
If you have net passive income (including prior tion for the tax year.
year unallowed losses) from renting property in For more information, see section
1.469-2(f)(5) of the regulations.
a rental activity, and less than 30% of the unad- Dispositions
justed basis of the property is subject to depreci-
ation, you treat the net passive income as Any passive activity losses (but not credits) that
nonpassive income. Rental of Property to a Nonpassive have not been allowed (including current year
Activity losses) generally are allowed in full in the tax
Example. Calvin acquires vacant land for year you dispose of your entire interest in the
If you rent property to a trade or business activity
$300,000, constructs improvements at a cost of passive (or former passive) activity. However,
in which you materially participated, net rental
$100,000, and leases the land and improve- for the losses to be allowed, you must dispose of
income from the property is treated as nonpas-
ments to a tenant. He then sells the land and your entire interest in the activity in a transaction
sive income. This rule does not apply to net
improvements for $600,000, realizing a gain of in which all realized gain or loss is recognized.
income from renting property under a written
$200,000 on the disposition. Also, the person acquiring the interest from you
binding contract entered into before February
The unadjusted basis of the improvements must not be related to you.
19, 1988. It also does not apply to property just
($100,000) equals 25% of the unadjusted basis
described under Rental of Property Incidental to If you have a capital loss on the dispo-
of all property ($400,000) used in the rental
activity. Calvin’s net passive income from the
a Development Activity. ! sition of an interest in a passive activ-
activity (which is figured with the gain from the
CAUTION
ity, the loss may be limited by the
disposition, including gain from the improve- capital loss rules. The limit is generally $3,000
Licensing of Intangible Property for individuals ($1,500 in the case of married
ments) is treated as nonpassive income.
by Pass-Through Entities individuals filing separate returns). See Publica-
tion 544, Sales and Other Dispositions of As-
Net royalty income from intangible property held
Equity-Financed sets, for more information.
by a pass-through entity in which you own an
Lending Activities interest may be treated as nonpassive royalty
income. This applies if you acquired your inter- Example. Ray earned a $60,000 salary and
If you have gross income from an equity-fi- owned one passive activity through a 5% inter-
est in the pass-through entity after the partner-
nanced lending activity, the lesser of the net est in the B Limited Partnership. In 2004, he sold
ship, S corporation, estate, or trust created the
passive income or the equity-financed interest his entire interest in the current tax year to an
intangible property or performed substantial
income is nonpassive income. unrelated person for $30,000. His adjusted ba-
services or incurred substantial costs for devel-
For more information, see Temporary Regu- sis in the partnership interest was $42,000, and
oping or marketing the intangible property.
lations section 1.469-2T(f)(4). he had carried over $2,000 of passive activity
losses from the activity.
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Ray’s deductible loss for 2004 is $5,000, the basis of property acquired from a decedent. show a loss from operations of $15,000 in
figured as follows: For example, if the basis of an interest in a 2004. Their records also show a gain of
passive activity in the hands of a transferee is $2,776 from the sale in January 2004 of
Sales price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 increased by $6,000 and unused passive activ- section 1231 assets used in the activity.
Minus: adjusted basis . . . . . . . . . . . 42,000 ity losses of $8,000 were allocable to the interest The section 1231 gain is reported in Part I
at the date of death, then the decedent’s deduc- of Form 4797 and is identified as being
Capital loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,000 tion for the tax year would be limited to $2,000 from a passive activity (FPA). For 2003,
Minus: capital loss limit . . . . . . . . . . 3,000 ($8,000 − $6,000). they completed the worksheets for Form
8582 and calculated that $6,667 of Activity
Capital loss carryover . . . . . . . . . . . $9,000 Partial dispositions. If you dispose of sub-
A’s Schedule E loss for 2003 was disal-
Allowable capital loss on sale . . . . . . $3,000 stantially all of an activity during your tax year,
lowed by the passive activity rules. That
you may treat the part of the activity disposed of
Carryover losses allowable . . . . . . . 2,000 loss is carried over to 2004 as a prior year
as a separate activity. See Partial dispositions
unallowed loss and will be used to figure
Total current deductible loss . . . . . . $5,000 under Grouping Your Activities, earlier.
the allowed loss for 2004.
How To Report Your Passive 2. Activity B is a rental real estate activity. Its
Ray deducts the $5,000 total current deducti- income and expenses are reported on
ble loss in 2004. He must carry over the remain-
Activity Loss Schedule E. Charles and Lily’s records
ing $9,000 capital loss, which is not subject to More than one form or schedule may be re- show a loss from operations of $11,600 in
the passive activity loss limit. He will treat it like quired for reporting your passive activities. The 2004. For 2003, they completed the work-
any other capital loss carryover. actual number of forms depends on the number sheets for Form 8582 and calculated that
and types of activities you must report. Some $8,225 of Activity B’s Schedule E loss for
Installment sale of an entire interest. If you
forms and schedules that may be required are: 2003 was disallowed by the passive activ-
sell your entire interest in a passive activity
ity rules. That loss is carried over to 2004
through an installment sale, to figure the loss for • Schedule C (Form 1040), Profit or Loss as a prior year unallowed loss and will be
the current year that is not limited by the passive From Business, used to figure the allowed loss for 2004.
activity rules, multiply your overall loss (not in-
cluding losses allowed in prior years) by a frac- • Schedule D (Form 1040), Capital Gains 3. Partnership #1 is a trade or business activ-
tion. The numerator of the fraction is the gain and Losses, ity and is not a publicly traded partnership
recognized in the current year, and the denomi- • Schedule E (Form 1040), Supplemental (PTP). Partnership #1 reports a $4,000
nator is the total gain from the sale minus all Income and Loss, distributive share of its 2004 profits to
gains recognized in prior years. Charles and Lily in box 1 of Schedule K-1
• Schedule F (Form 1040), Profit or Loss (Form 1065). They report that profit on
Example. John Ash has a total gain of From Farming, Schedule E. For 2003, they completed the
$10,000 from the sale of an entire interest in a • Form 4797, Sales of Business Property, worksheets for Form 8582 and calculated
passive activity. Under the installment method that $2,600 of their distributive share of the
he reports $2,000 of gain each year, including • Form 6252, Installment Sale Income, loss from Partnership #1 in 2003 was dis-
the year of sale. For the first year, 20% (2,000/ • Form 8582, Passive Activity Loss Limita- allowed by the passive activity rules. That
10,000) of the losses are allowed. For the sec- tions, and loss is carried over to 2004 as a prior year
ond year, 25% (2,000/8,000) of the remaining unallowed loss and will be used to figure
losses are allowed. • Form 8582-CR, Passive Activity Credit the allowed loss for 2004.
Limitations.
Partners and S corporation shareholders. 4. Partnership #2 is a trade or business activ-
Generally, any gain or loss on the disposition of Regardless of the number or complexity of ity and also a PTP. In December 2004
a partnership interest must be allocated to each passive activities you have, you should use only Charles and Lily sold their entire interest in
trade or business, rental, or investment activity one Form 8582. Partnership #2. To indicate they made an
in which the partnership owns an interest. If you entire disposition of a passive activity, they
dispose of your entire interest in a partnership, enter EDPA on the appropriate lines. They
the passive activity losses from the partnership do not report that sale on Form 8582 be-
that have not been allowed generally are al-
lowed in full. They also will be allowed if the
Comprehensive cause Partnership #2 is a PTP. They rec-
ognize a long-term capital gain of $15,300
partnership (other than a PTP) disposes of all
the property used in that passive activity.
Example ($25,300 selling price minus $10,000 ad-
justed basis) that they report on Schedule
If you do not dispose of your entire interest, The following example shows how to report your D. The partnership reports a $1,200 dis-
the gain or loss allocated to a passive activity is passive activities. In addition to Form 1040, tributive share of its 2004 losses to them in
treated as passive activity income or deduction Charles and Lily Woods use Form 8582 (to fig- box 1 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065). They
in the year of disposition. This includes any gain ure allowed passive activity deductions), Sched- report that loss on Schedule E. For 2003,
recognized on a distribution of money from the ule E (to report rental activities and partnership they followed the instructions for Form
partnership that you receive in excess of the activities), Form 4797 (to figure the gain and 8582 and calculated that $2,445 of their
adjusted basis of your partnership interest. allowable loss from assets sold that were used distributive share of Partnership #2’s 2003
These rules also apply to the disposition of in the activities), and Schedule D (to report the loss was disallowed by the passive activity
stock in an S corporation. sale of partnership interests). rules. That loss is carried over from 2003
Dispositions by gift. If you give away your and reported on Schedule E loss for 2004.
interest in a passive activity, the unused passive General Information (For discussion of PTPs, see the instruc-
activity losses allocable to the interest cannot be tions for Form 8582.)
deducted in any tax year. Instead, the basis of Charles and Lily are married, file a joint return,
and have combined wages of $132,000 in 2004. 5. Partnership #3 is a single trade or business
the transferred interest must be increased by the activity and is not a PTP. Charles and Lily
amount of these losses. They own interests in the activities listed below.
They are at risk for their investment in the activi- sold their entire interest in Partnership #3 in
Dispositions by death. If a passive activity ties. They did not materially participate in any of November 2004. To indicate they made an
interest is transferred because the owner dies, the business activities. They actively partici- entire disposition of a passive activity, they
unused passive activity losses are allowed (to a pated in the rental real estate activities in 2004 enter EDPA on the appropriate lines. They
certain extent) as a deduction against the and all prior years. Charles and Lily are not real recognize a $4,000 ($15,000 selling price
decedent’s income in the year of death. The estate professionals. minus $11,000 adjusted basis) long-term
decedent’s losses are allowed only to the extent capital gain, which they report on Schedule
they exceed the amount by which the 1. Activity A is a rental real estate activity. D.
transferee’s basis in the passive activity has The income and expenses are reported on For 2003, they completed the worksheets
been increased under the rules for determining Schedule E. Charles and Lily’s records for Form 8582 and calculated that $3,000 of
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their distributive share of the partnership’s Activity A and Activity B on Worksheet 1. They for their net losses from real estate activities with
loss for 2003 was disallowed by the passive enter all amounts from the activities even though active participation (Activities A and B). They
activity rules. That loss is carried over to they already reported the gain of $2,776 from enter all amounts as though they were positive
2004 as a prior year unallowed Schedule E Activity A on Form 4797 because all income or (without brackets around losses). They then
loss. Charles and Lily’s distributive share of loss from these activities must be taken into complete Form 8582, Part IV.
partnership losses for 2004 reported in box account to figure the loss allowed.
1 of Schedule K-1 (Form 1065) is $6,000. • They enter $38,716 on line 5 since this is
1. They write “Activity A” on the first line the smaller of the loss on line 1d or the
6. Partnership #4 is a trade or business activ- under “Name of activity.” Then they enter: loss on line 4.
ity that is a limited partnership. Charles
and Lily are limited partners who did not a. $2,776 gain in column (a) from Form • They enter $150,000 on line 6 since they
meet any of the material participation tests. 4797, line 2, column (g), are married and filing a joint return.
Their distributive share of 2004 partnership
b. ($15,000) loss in column (b) from • They enter $138,655, their modified ad-
loss, reported in box 1 of Schedule K-1 justed gross income, on line 7. (See page 3
Schedule E, line 22, column A, and
(Form 1065), is $2,400. For 2003 they for discussion of modified adjusted gross
completed the worksheets for Form 8582 c. ($6,667) prior year unallowed loss in income.) The $138,655 is made up of their
and calculated that $1,500 of their distribu- column (c) from their 2003 worksheets. wages, $132,000, plus their overall gain of
tive share of loss for 2003 was disallowed $11,655 from Partnership #2, a PTP, less
They combine the three amounts. The re-
by the passive activity rules. That loss is their $5,000 overall loss from Partnership
sult, ($18,891), is an overall loss so they
carried over to 2004 as a prior year unal- #3.
enter it in column (e).
lowed loss and will be used to figure the On Schedule D, they reported long-term
allowed loss for 2004. 2. Charles and Lily write “Activity B” on the gains of $15,300 from the PTP disposition
second line under “Name of activity.” Then and $4,000 from the Partnership #3 dispo-
they enter: sition. On Schedule E, they combined the
Step One —Completing the Tax a. ($11,600) loss in column (b) from PTP 2004 loss of $1,200 with its prior year
Forms Before Figuring the Passive loss of $2,445, and combined the Partner-
Schedule E, line 22, column B, and
Activity Loss Limits ship #3 2004 loss of $6,000 with its prior
b. ($8,225) prior year unallowed loss in year loss of $3,000. Netting these amounts
Charles and Lily complete the forms they usually column (c) from their 2003 worksheets. gives them the PTP overall gain of $11,655
use to report income or expenses from their Then they combine these two figures and ($15,300 − $1,200 − $2,445) and the Part-
activities. They enter their combined wages, enter the total loss, ($19,825), in column (e). nership #3 overall loss of $5,000 ($4,000 −
$132,000, on Form 1040. They complete $6,000 − $3,000) that were used in figuring
Schedule D, line 8, showing long-term capital 3. They separately add the amounts in col- modified adjusted gross income.
gains of $15,300 from the disposition of Partner- umns (a), (b), and (c).
• They subtract line 7 from line 6 and enter
ship #2 and $4,000 from the disposition of Part-
a. They enter $2,776 in column (a) on the the result, $11,345, on line 8.
nership #3. Partnership #2 is a PTP so it is not
entered on Form 8582. The disposition of Part- Total line and also on Form 8582, Part • They multiply line 8 by 50% and enter the
nership #3 is a disposition of an entire interest in I, line 1a. result, $5,673, on line 9. No matter what
an activity with an overall loss of $5,000 ($4,000 b. They enter ($26,600) in column (b) on the result, they cannot enter more than
− $3,000 − $6,000) so that partnership also is the Total line and also on Form 8582, $25,000 on line 9.
not entered on Form 8582. They combine the Part I, line 1b. • They enter the smaller of line 5 or line 9,
PTP $1,200 current year loss with its $2,445
c. They enter ($14,892) in column (c) on $5,673, on line 10.
prior year loss, and also combine the Partner-
ship #3 $6,000 current year loss with its $3,000 the Total line and also on Form 8582, • They add the income on lines 1a and 3a
prior year loss, and enter the two combined Part I, line 1c. and enter the result, $6,776, on line 15.
amounts in column (f) on Schedule E, Part II,
4. They combine lines 1a, 1b, and 1c, Form • They add lines 10 and 15 and enter the
line 28. Normally, current year and prior year result, $12,449, on line 16.
8582, and put the net loss, ($38,716), on
losses should be entered on separate lines of
line 1d.
Schedule E. For purposes of this example only,
the amounts have been combined on one line. Step Four —Completing
They enter the $4,000 profit from Partnership #1 Worksheet 3. Partnership #1 and Partnership Worksheet 4
in column (g). Before completing the rest of #4 are nonrental passive activities so Charles
Schedule E, Part II, they must complete Form and Lily enter the appropriate information about Charles and Lily must complete Worksheet 4
8582 to figure out how much of their losses from those activities on Worksheet 3 in the same way because they entered an amount on Form 8582,
Partnerships #1 and #4 they can deduct. they reported their rental activities on Worksheet line 10, and have two activities, each with an
1. Then they enter the totals on Form 8582, Part overall loss in Worksheet 1, column (e). Work-
They complete Schedule E, Part I, through
I, lines 3a through 3d. sheet 4 allocates the amount on line 10 (their
line 22. Their rental activities are passive so they
must complete Form 8582 to figure the deducti- Reporting income from column (d), Work- special allowance for active participation rental
ble losses to enter on line 23. sheets 1 and 3. Activities that have an overall real estate activities) between Activity A and
gain in column (d) are not used any further in the Activity B.
They enter the gain from the sale of the
section 1231 assets of Activity A on Form 4797. calculations for Form 8582. At this point, all • In the two left columns, they write the
income and losses from those activities should name of each activity, A and B, and the
be entered on the forms or schedules that would schedule and line number on which each
Step Two —Form 8582 normally be used. Charles and Lily have one activity is reported.
and Its Worksheets activity with an overall gain ($4,000 − $2,600 =
$1,400). This is Partnership #1, which is shown • They fill in column (a) with the losses from
Charles and Lily now complete Form 8582 in- in Worksheet 3. They already reported the Worksheet 1, column (e). They add up the
cluding the worksheets that apply to their pas- $4,000 income from this activity on Schedule E, amounts, and enter the result, $38,716, in
sive activities. Because they are at risk for their Part II. They now enter the entire $2,600 loss on the Total line without brackets.
investment in the activities, they do not need to Schedule E, Part II, as well. • They figure the ratios for column (b) by
complete Form 6198 before Form 8582. (The dividing each amount in column (a) by the
second part of this publication explains the amount on the column (a) Total line. They
at-risk rules.) Step Three —Completing enter each result in column (b). The total
Form 8582 of the ratios must equal 1.00.
Worksheet 1. Worksheet 1 is for rental real
estate activities with active participation. Next, Charles and Lily complete Form 8582, • They multiply the amount from line 10,
Charles and Lily enter the gains and losses from Part II, to determine the amount they can deduct Form 8582, $5,673, by each of the ratios
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in Worksheet 4, column (b) and enter the Form 8582, $41,216, as a positive num- year loss plus the prior year unallowed
results on the appropriate line in column ber. loss. They find these amounts by adding
(c). The total must equal $5,673. columns (b) and (c) on Worksheets 1 and
b. On line B, they enter the amount from
3.
• They subtract column (c) from column (a) line 10 of Form 8582, $5,673.
and enter each result in column (d).
c. They subtract line B from line A and
• In column (b), they enter the unallowed
loss for each activity already figured in
enter the result, $35,543, on line C.
Worksheet 5, column (c). They must save
Step Five —Completing This is the total unallowed loss.
this information to use next year in figuring
Worksheet 5 their passive losses.
They multiply line C, $35,543, by each of the
Worksheet 5 must be completed if any activity ratios in column (b) and enter the results in • In column (c), they figure their allowed
has an overall loss in Worksheet 3, column (e), column (c). These amounts are the unallowed losses for 2004 by subtracting their unal-
or a loss in Worksheet 4, column (d) (or Work- losses from each activity and must add up to lowed losses, column (b), from their total
sheet 1, column (e), if Worksheet 4 was not $35,543. losses, column (a). These allowed losses
needed). This worksheet allocates the unal- are entered on the appropriate schedules.
lowed loss among the activities with an overall
loss. Charles and Lily complete Worksheet 5 Step Six —Using Reporting allowed losses. Charles and Lily
with the activities from Worksheet 4 and the one Worksheets 6 and 7 enter their allowed losses from Activities A and B
activity showing a loss in Worksheet 3, column
(e). They write the name of each activity and the Charles and Lily now decide whether they must on Schedule E, Part I, line 23, because these
schedule or form and the line number on which use Worksheet 6, Worksheet 7, or both to figure are rental properties. They report their allowed
each loss will be reported in the two left columns their allowed losses. If the loss from any activity loss from Partnership #4 on Schedule E, Part II,
of Worksheet 5. entered on Worksheet 5 is reported on only one line 28D.
form or schedule, then Worksheet 6 is used for
1. In column (a), they enter the losses from that activity. If an activity has a loss that is
Worksheet 3, column (e) and Worksheet 4, reported on two or more schedules or forms (for Step Seven —Finishing the
column (d). These losses are entered as example, a loss that must be reported partly on Reporting of the Passive Activities
positive numbers, not in brackets. They Schedule C and partly on Form 4797) Work-
add the numbers and enter the total, Charles and Lily summarize the entries on
sheet 7 is used for that activity. All of the activi-
$36,943, on the Total line. Schedule E, Schedule D, and Form 4797, and
ties Charles and Lily entered on Worksheet 5 will
enter the amounts on the appropriate lines of
2. They divide each of the losses in column be reported on Schedule E. Therefore, they use
their Form 1040. They enter:
(a) by the amount on the column (a) Total Worksheet 6 to figure the allowed loss for each
line, and enter each result in column (b). activity. • The total Schedule D gain, $22,076, on
The ratios must total 1.00. line 13a, and
Worksheet 6. They complete Worksheet 6
3. Now they use the computation worksheet with the activities from Worksheet 5. • The Schedule E loss, ($21,094), on line
17.
for column (c) (see the worksheet in the • They write the name of each activity and
instructions for Form 8582) to figure the the schedule and line number to be used
unallowed loss to allocate in column (c). Charles and Lily are now able to complete
in the two left columns of Worksheet 6.
their tax return, having correctly limited their
a. On line A of the computation worksheet, • In column (a), they enter the total loss for losses from their passive activities.
they enter the amount from line 4 of each activity. This includes the current
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1040
Department of the Treasury—Internal Revenue Service
2004
Form
U.S. Individual Income Tax Return (99) IRS Use Only—Do not write or staple in this space.
For the year Jan. 1–Dec. 31, 2004, or other tax year beginning , 2004, ending , 20 OMB No. 1545-0074
Label Your first name and initial Last name Your social security number
(See L Charles Woods 123 00 4567
A
instructions B If a joint return, spouse’s first name and initial Last name Spouse’s social security number
on page 16.) E
L
Lily Woods 567 00 1234
Use the IRS
label. H
Home address (number and street). If you have a P.O. box, see page 16. Apt. no.
Important!
Otherwise, E 6925 Country Road
please print R You must enter
E City, town or post office, state, and ZIP code. If you have a foreign address, see page 16.
or type. your SSN(s) above.
Anytown, VA 22306
Presidential
You Spouse
Election Campaign Note. Checking “Yes” will not change your tax or reduce your refund.
(See page 16.) Do you, or your spouse if filing a joint return, want $3 to go to this fund? Yes No Yes No
1 Single 4 Head of household (with qualifying person). (See page 17.) If
Filing Status 2 Married filing jointly (even if only one had income) the qualifying person is a child but not your dependent, enter
Check only 3 Married filing separately. Enter spouse’s SSN above this child’s name here.
one box. and full name here. 5 Qualifying widow(er) with dependent child (see page 17)
6a Yourself. If someone can claim you as a dependent, do not check box 6a
其
Boxes checked
on 6a and 6b 2
Exemptions b Spouse No. of children
(3) Dependent’s (4) if qualifying on 6c who:
c Dependents: (2) Dependent’s
relationship to child for child tax ● lived with you
(1) First name Last name social security number
you credit (see page 18) ● did not live with
you due to divorce
or separation
If more than four (see page 18)
dependents, see Dependents on 6c
page 18. not entered above
Add numbers on 2
d Total number of exemptions claimed lines above
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Part I Short-Term Capital Gains and Losses—Assets Held One Year or Less
(a) Description of property (b) Date (c) Date sold (d) Sales price (e) Cost or other basis (f) Gain or (loss)
acquired (see page D-6 of (see page D-6 of
(Example: 100 sh. XYZ Co.) (Mo., day, yr.) (Mo., day, yr.) the instructions) the instructions) Subtract (e) from (d)
7 Net short-term capital gain or (loss). Combine lines 1 through 6 in column (f) 7
Part II Long-Term Capital Gains and Losses—Assets Held More Than One Year
(a) Description of property (b) Date (c) Date sold (d) Sales price (e) Cost or other basis (f) Gain or (loss)
acquired (see page D-6 of (see page D-6 of
(Example: 100 sh. XYZ Co.) (Mo., day, yr.) (Mo., day, yr.) the instructions) the instructions) Subtract (e) from (d)
8
Partnership #2 EDPA 12-2-91 12-4-04 25,300 10,000 15,300
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A
B
Passive Income and Loss Nonpassive Income and Loss
(c) Passive deduction or loss allowed (d) Passive income (e) Deduction or loss (f) Other income from
(attach Form 8582 if required) from Schedule K–1 from Schedule K–1 Schedule K–1
A
B
34a Totals
b Totals
35 Add columns (d) and (f) of line 34a 35
36 Add columns (c) and (e) of line 34b 36 ( )
37 Total estate and trust income or (loss). Combine lines 35 and 36. Enter the result here and
include in the total on line 41 below 37
Part IV Income or Loss From Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs)—Residual Holder
(c) Excess inclusion from
(b) Employer (d) Taxable income (net loss) (e) Income from
38 (a) Name Schedules Q, line 2c
identification number (see page E-6) from Schedules Q, line 1b Schedules Q, line 3b
39 Combine columns (d) and (e) only. Enter the result here and include in the total on line 41 below 39
Part V Summary
40 Net farm rental income or (loss) from Form 4835. Also, complete line 42 below 40
41 Total income or (loss). Combine lines 26, 32, 37, 39, and 40. Enter the result here and on Form 1040, line 17 41 (21,094)
42 Reconciliation of farming and fishing income. Enter your gross farming
and fishing income reported on Form 4835, line 7; Schedule K-1
(Form 1065), box 14, code B; Schedule K-1 (Form 1120S),
box 17, code N; and Schedule K-1 (Form 1041), line 14 (see page E-6) 42
43 Reconciliation for real estate professionals. If you were a real estate
professional (see page E-1), enter the net income or (loss) you reported
anywhere on Form 1040 from all rental real estate activities in which
you materially participated under the passive activity loss rules 43
Schedule E (Form 1040) 2004
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4797
OMB No. 1545-0184
Sales of Business Property
Form
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Total 1.00
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To determine the direct or indirect ownership However, you are considered at risk for qual- Example 1. Some commercial feedlots re-
of the outstanding stock of a corporation, apply ified nonrecourse financing secured by real imburse investors against any loss sustained on
the following rules. property used in an activity of holding real prop- sales of the fed livestock above a stated dollar
erty. amount per head. Under such stop loss orders,
1. Stock owned directly or indirectly by or for Qualified nonrecourse financing is financing the investor is at risk only for the portion of the
a corporation, partnership, estate, or trust for which no one is personally liable for repay- investor’s capital for which the investor is not
is considered owned proportionately by or ment and that is: entitled to a reimbursement.
for its shareholders, partners, or beneficia-
ries. • Borrowed by you in connection with the Example 2. You are personally liable for a
activity of holding real property,
2. Stock owned directly or indirectly by or for mortgage, but you separately obtain insurance
an individual’s family is considered owned • Secured by real property used in the activ- to compensate you for any payments you must
by the individual. The family of an individ- ity, actually make because of your personal liability.
You are considered at risk only to the extent of
ual includes only brothers and sisters, • Not convertible from a debt obligation to the uninsured portion of the personal liability to
half-brothers and half-sisters, a spouse, an ownership interest, and
ancestors, and lineal descendants. which you are exposed. You can include in the
• Loaned or guaranteed by any federal, amount you have at risk the amount of any
3. Any stock in a corporation owned by an state, or local government, or borrowed by premium which you paid from your personal
individual (other than by applying rule (2)) you from a qualified person. assets for the insurance. However, if you obtain
is considered owned directly or indirectly casualty insurance or insurance protecting your-
by the individual’s partner. Other types of property used as security. self against tort liability, it does not affect the
4. When applying rule (1), (2), or (3), stock The rules in the next two paragraphs apply to amount you are otherwise considered to have at
considered owned by a person under rule any financing incurred after August 3, 1998. You risk.
(1) is treated as actually owned by that also can choose to apply these rules to financing
person. But, if a person constructively you obtained before August 4, 1998. If you do Reductions of
that, you must reduce the amounts at risk as a
owns stock because of rule (2) or (3), he or
result of applying these rules to years ending
Amounts At Risk
she does not own the stock for purposes of
applying either rule (2) or (3) to make an- before August 4, 1998, to the extent they in- The amount you have at risk in any activity is
other person the constructive owner of the crease the losses allowed for those years. reduced by any losses allowed in previous years
same stock. In determining whether qualified nonre- under the at-risk rules. It may also be reduced
course financing is secured only by real property because of distributions you received from the
Effect of government price support used in the activity of holding real property, dis- activity, debts changed from recourse to nonre-
programs. A government target price pro- regard property that is incidental to the activity of course, or the initiation of a stop loss or similar
gram or other government price support pro- holding real property. Also disregard other prop- agreement. If the amount at risk is reduced be-
grams for a product that you grow does not, erty if the total gross fair market value of that low zero, your previously allowed losses are
without agreements limiting your costs, reduce property is less than 10% of the total gross fair subject to recapture, as explained next.
the amount you have at risk. market value of all the property securing the
financing.
Effect of increasing amounts at risk in sub- For this purpose, treat yourself as owning Recapture Rule
sequent years. Any loss that is allowable in a directly your proportional share of the assets in
particular year reduces your at-risk investment If the amount you have at risk in any activity at
any partnership in which you own, directly or the end of any tax year is less than zero, you
(but not below zero) as of the beginning of the indirectly, an equity interest.
next tax year and in all succeeding tax years for must recapture at least part of your previously
that activity. If you have a loss that is more than Qualified person. A qualified person is a allowed losses. You do this by adding to your
your at-risk amount, the loss disallowed will not person who actively and regularly engages in income from the activity for that year the lesser
be allowed in later years unless you increase the business of lending money. The most com- of the following amounts:
your at-risk amount. Losses that are suspended mon example is a bank. • The negative at-risk amount (treated as a
because they are greater than your investment However, none of the following persons can positive amount), or
that is at risk are treated as a deduction for the be a qualified person.
• The total amount of losses deducted in
activity in the following year. Consequently, if • A person related to you in one of the ways previous tax years beginning after 1978,
your amount at risk increases in later years, you listed under Related persons, earlier.
may deduct previously suspended losses to the minus any amounts you previously added
However, a person related to you may be to your income from that activity under this
extent that the increases in your amount at risk a qualified person if the nonrecourse fi-
exceed your losses in later years. However, recapture rule.
nancing is commercially reasonable and
your deduction of suspended losses may be on the same terms as loans involving un-
limited by the passive loss rules. Do not use the recapture income to reduce
related persons. any net loss from the activity for the tax year.
Amounts Not At Risk • A person from which you acquired the Instead, treat the recaptured amount as a de-
property or a person related to that per- duction for the activity in the next tax year.
You are not considered at risk for amounts pro- son. Pre-1979 activity. If the amount you had at
tected against loss through nonrecourse financ- • A person who receives a fee due to your risk in an activity at the end of your tax year that
ing, guarantees, stop loss agreements, or other investment in the real property or a person began in 1978 was less than zero, you apply the
similar arrangements. related to that person. preceding rule for the recapture of losses by
Nonrecourse financing. Nonrecourse fi- substituting that negative amount for zero. For
nancing is financing for which you are not per- example, if your at-risk amount for that tax year
Other loss limiting arrangements. Any capi-
sonally liable. If you borrow money to contribute was minus $50, you will recapture losses only
tal you have contributed to an activity is not at
to an activity and the lender’s only recourse is to when your at-risk amount goes below minus
risk if you are protected against economic loss
your interest in the activity or the property used $50.
by an agreement or arrangement for compensa-
in the activity, the loan is a nonrecourse loan. tion or reimbursement. For example, you are not
You are not considered at risk for your share at risk if you will be reimbursed for part or all of
of any nonrecourse loan used to finance an any loss because of a binding agreement be-
activity or to acquire property used in the activity tween yourself and another person.
unless the loan is secured by property not used
in the activity.
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• Sign up to receive local and national tax Walk-in. Many products and services
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• Get information on starting and operating
You can get help with unresolved tax issues, a small business.
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ment at your convenience. To find the
TTY/TDD user. number, go to www.irs.gov/localcontacts
• Solving problems. You can get or look in the phone book under United
• Visit www.irs.gov/advocate. face-to-face help solving tax problems States Government, Internal Revenue
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For more information, see Publication 1546,
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How To Get Help With Unresolved Tax forms, instructions, and publications to
Problems. your account, or help you set up a pay-
ment plan. Call your local Taxpayer Assis- the Distribution Center nearest to you
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the number, go to
Free Tax Services. It contains a list of free tax that applies to your part of the country.
www.irs.gov/localcontacts or look in the
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Page 24
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available in early January and the final release is interactive CD contains all the business tax and quick and incorporates file formats and
available in late February. forms, instructions, and publications needed to browsers that can be run on virtually any
successfully manage a business. In addition, the desktop or laptop computer.
CD-ROM for small businesses. Pub- CD provides other helpful information, such as It is available in early April. You can get a
lication 3207, The Small Business Re- how to prepare a business plan, finding financ- free copy by calling 1-800-829-3676 or by visit-
source Guide, CD-ROM 2004, is a ing for your business, and much more. The de- ing www.irs.gov/smallbiz.
must for every small business owner or any sign of the CD makes finding information easy
taxpayer about to start a business. This handy,
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The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing.
To help us develop a more useful index, please let us know if you have ideas for index entries.
Index See “Comments and Suggestions” in the “Introduction” for the ways you can reach us.
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The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing.
See How To Get Tax Help for a variety of ways to get publications, including
Tax Publications for Individual Taxpayers by computer, phone, and mail.
General Guides 531 Reporting Tip Income 907 Tax Highlights for Persons with
1 Your Rights as a Taxpayer 533 Self-Employment Tax Disabilities
17 Your Federal Income Tax (For 536 Net Operating Losses (NOLs) for 908 Bankruptcy Tax Guide
Individuals) Individuals, Estates, and Trusts 911 Direct Sellers
334 Tax Guide for Small Business (For 537 Installment Sales 915 Social Security and Equivalent
Individuals Who Use Schedule C or 541 Partnerships Railroad Retirement Benefits
C-EZ) 544 Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets 919 How Do I Adjust My Tax Withholding?
509 Tax Calendars for 2005 547 Casualties, Disasters, and Thefts 925 Passive Activity and At-Risk Rules
553 Highlights of 2004 Tax Changes 550 Investment Income and Expenses 926 Household Employer’s Tax Guide
910 IRS Guide to Free Tax Services 551 Basis of Assets 929 Tax Rules for Children and
552 Recordkeeping for Individuals Dependents
Specialized Publications 936 Home Mortgage Interest Deduction
554 Older Americans’ Tax Guide
3 Armed Forces’ Tax Guide 555 Community Property 946 How To Depreciate Property
54 Tax Guide for U.S. Citizens and 556 Examination of Returns, Appeal Rights, 947 Practice Before the IRS and
Residents Aliens Abroad and Claims for Refund Power of Attorney
225 Farmer’s Tax Guide 559 Survivors, Executors, and 950 Introduction to Estate and Gift Taxes
378 Fuel Tax Credits and Refunds Administrators 967 The IRS Will Figure Your Tax
463 Travel, Entertainment, Gift, and Car 561 Determining the Value of Donated 968 Tax Benefits for Adoption
Expenses Property 969 Health Savings Accounts and Other
501 Exemptions, Standard Deduction, and 564 Mutual Fund Distributions Tax-Favored Health Plans
Filing Information 570 Tax Guide for Individuals With Income 970 Tax Benefits for Education
502 Medical and Dental Expenses (Including From U.S. Possessions 971 Innocent Spouse Relief
the Health Coverage Tax Credit) 571 Tax-Sheltered Annuity Plans (403(b) 972 Child Tax Credit
503 Child and Dependent Care Expenses Plans) 1542 Per Diem Rates
504 Divorced or Separated Individuals 575 Pension and Annuity Income 1544 Reporting Cash Payments of Over
505 Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax 584 Casualty, Disaster, and Theft Loss $10,000 (Received in a Trade or
514 Foreign Tax Credit for Individuals Workbook (Personal-Use Property) Business)
516 U.S. Government Civilian Employees 587 Business Use of Your Home (Including 1546 The Taxpayer Advocate Service—How
Stationed Abroad Use by Daycare Providers) to Get Help With Unresolved Problems
517 Social Security and Other Information 590 Individual Retirement Arrangements
for Members of the Clergy and Spanish Language Publications
(IRAs)
Religious Workers 593 Tax Highlights for U.S. Citizens and 1SP Derechos del Contribuyente
519 U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens Residents Going Abroad 579SP Cómo Preparar la Declaración de
521 Moving Expenses 594 What You Should Know About the IRS Impuesto Federal
523 Selling Your Home Collection Process 594SP Comprendiendo el Proceso de Cobro
524 Credit for the Elderly or the Disabled 595 Tax Highlights for Commercial 596SP Crédito por Ingreso del Trabajo
525 Taxable and Nontaxable Income Fishermen 850 English-Spanish Glossary of Words
526 Charitable Contributions 596 Earned Income Credit (EIC) and Phrases Used in Publications
527 Residential Rental Property 721 Tax Guide to U.S. Civil Service Issued by the Internal Revenue
Retirement Benefits Service
529 Miscellaneous Deductions
901 U.S. Tax Treaties 1544SP Informe de Pagos en Efectivo en
530 Tax Information for First-Time
Exceso de $10,000 (Recibidos en
Homeowners una Ocupación o Negocio)
See How To Get Tax Help for a variety of ways to get forms, including by computer, fax, phone,
Commonly Used Tax Forms and mail. For fax orders only, use the catalog number when ordering.
Catalog Catalog
Form Number and Title Number Form Number and Title Number
1040 U.S. Individual Income Tax Return 11320 2106 Employee Business Expenses 11700
Sch A&B Itemized Deductions & Interest and 11330 2106-EZ Unreimbursed Employee Business 20604
Ordinary Dividends Expenses
Sch C Profit or Loss From Business 11334 2210 Underpayment of Estimated Tax by 11744
Sch C-EZ Net Profit From Business 14374 Individuals, Estates, and Trusts
Sch D Capital Gains and Losses 11338 2441 Child and Dependent Care Expenses 11862
Sch D-1 Continuation Sheet for Schedule D 10424 2848 Power of Attorney and Declaration of 11980
Sch E Supplemental Income and Loss 11344 Representative
Sch EIC Earned Income Credit 13339 3903 Moving Expenses 12490
Sch F Profit or Loss From Farming 4562 Depreciation and Amortization 12906
11346
Sch H Household Employment Taxes 12187 4868 Application for Automatic Extension of Time 13141
Sch J Farm Income Averaging To File U.S. Individual Income Tax Return
25513
4952 Investment Interest Expense Deduction 13177
Sch R Credit for the Elderly or the Disabled 11359
5329 Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans (Including 13329
Sch SE Self-Employment Tax 11358
IRAs) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts
1040A U.S. Individual Income Tax Return 11327
6251 Alternative Minimum Tax—Individuals 13600
Sch 1 Interest and Ordinary Dividends for 12075
Form 1040A Filers 8283 Noncash Charitable Contributions 62299
Sch 2 Child and Dependent Care 10749 8582 Passive Activity Loss Limitations 63704
Expenses for Form 1040A Filers 8606 Nondeductible IRAs 63966
Sch 3 Credit for the Elderly or the 12064 8812 Additional Child Tax Credit 10644
Disabled for Form 1040A Filers 8822 Change of Address 12081
1040EZ Income Tax Return for Single and 11329 8829 Expenses for Business Use of Your Home 13232
Joint Filers With No Dependents 8863 Education Credits 25379
1040-ES Estimated Tax for Individuals 11340 9465 Installment Agreement Request 14842
1040X Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return 11360
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