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ʹ Management of Overpopulation (link to J curve theory), causes of overpopulation (history of

China leading up to the OCP) & government policies in managing rapid population change (incentives
& sanctions). You may also be asked about the impacts of the management of this population.
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 ʹ Has a fertility rate lower than the TFR. Know why this is (ageing population caused by elderly
immigrants from places like UK)
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  ʹ Compare this with Spain ʹ Spain uses migration to overcome ageing population, but
Singapore uses a pro-natalist policy. Know what the incentives are.
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 ʹ You may already know about these for ageing population, but they are not necessary.

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G ʹ Impacts on source & host countries (environmental, economic, social & demographic).
Know the social impacts in USA clearly.
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 ʹ Case study for Internal Migration & rural-urban migration. You must know why people
migrated to the cities of Rio de Janeiro & Sao Paulo.
÷ è ©   ʹ Know this clearly and be able to explain how migration is different for every location or
migrant.
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G  ʹ Major case study for international migration ʹ Know how the trade bloc has caused
for large flows of migrants to move. Know details about the key movements and trends.
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 ʹ Only if you know it! ʹ Can help explain the movement of migrants from eastern
Europe to the west.
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 ʹ The Push Back Method of illegal immigrants from Sub-Saharan Africa ʹ This example shows
how, even though the concept of the EU works, it can create problems which require strict policies.
Know clearly how the Push Back method works.

   

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 ʹ Know why this is a primate distribution

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 ʹ Know why this is a binary distribution
÷ The urbanisation of   

 ʹ Know how Nottingham grew as an industrial MEDC, but later
decline due to deindustrialisation and decline from a poor environment.
÷ The urbanisation of   !
  ʹ Know how Rio grew largely from rural-urban migration and how
the urban sprawl led to the creation of slums (favelas) on the rural-urban fringe.
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 ʹ A rural area in an MEDC which has gone into decline. Know clearly how this has
happened and the strategies used to enter a cycle of growth (communication).
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 ʹ An example of developments on the rural-urban fringe. Know why
businesses relocate here, and how they can help rural areas.
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G ʹ Your MEDC case study for managing urban areas. Because it is an MEDC is
can have a top-down approach where there is private funding available to invest in the environment of
the area and attract businesses back into the CBD.
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 ʹ Your LEDC case study for managing urban areas. As an LEDC it needs
community (bottom-up) projects such as self-help schemes. The idea is that these improve the
environment and reduce problems in the urban areas.