Republic of the Philippines

MINDANAO POLYTECNIC STATE COLLEGE

Cagayan de Oro City

Course Syllabus
In
Automotive Engineering Technology (AUT. ENG’G TECH.)
Second Year/First Sem.- SY. 2005-2006

Course No: AT 212

Course Title: Basic Principles and Fundamentals of Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Credit Units: 4

Time Allotment: 6hrs. / Week lab 3 hrs. lec. 3hrs.

I. Course Description

This course covers the basic principles, fundamentals and theories of hydraulics
and pneumatics. It included the basic symbols, interpretation and design of basic
hydraulics systems and circuits, pneumatic systems and circuits.
It also includes safety practices in the installation, maintenance and trouble
shooting of hydraulics/pneumatics systems and components.

II. General objectives:

1. To train and develop the skills of the students to become quality and relevant
graduates who can contribute to the industrialization program of Northern
Mindanao.
2. To develop the skill of the students in doing the research work or discover
techniques in trying to solve problem that they will encounter they
perform the required projects of the course.
3. To develop the correct and positive working habits and desirable attitudes
among students, the factors which will make them an asset in the industry
rather than a liability.
4. To instill in their mind to value the importance of the skill that they will learn
for it will be used when they either decide to become an entrepreneur or to
work in the industry.
5. To contribute to the attainment of the college mission, SIT mission, vision,
goal and objective.
6. Know and apply the principles, fundamental and theories that govern
hydraulics and pneumatic system.
7. To become familiar with the symbols used in hydraulic & pneumatic circuit
diagrams.
8. Can interpret hydraulic & pneumatic diagram and solve problem that
concerns some of the basic designing.
9. Apply the knowledge in actual installation, maintenance and troubleshooting
of hydraulic and pneumatic system and circuit.
 10. Observe safety practices and safety procedures in the installation,
maintenance, and troubleshooting of hydraulics and pneumatics systems and
components.

III. Course and Content Outline

Block I. Principles of Hydraulics

I.1 Fluid Power and Hydraulics

I.2 Force, Weight, and Mass
I.3 Pressure, Force and Area
I.4 Work, Power, and Energy
I.5 Hydrostatic Pressure
I.6 Pascal’s Law
I.7 Transmission of Fluid Power
I.8 Fluid Flow in Pipes
I.9 Bernoulli’s Principle
I.10 The Effect of Heat on Liquids
I.11 Hydraulic Power System

Block II. Hydraulic Fluids

II.1 Function of Hydraulic Fluids
II.2 Physical Properties of Fluids
a. Viscosity
b. Viscosity Index
c. Viscosity and Pressure
d. Pour Point
e. Fluid Selection
f. Component Protection
g. Chemical Properties
h. System Contamination
h.1Water
h.2 Dissolved Air
h.3 Corrosion and Rusting
i. Types of Hydraulic Fluids

Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to;
1. Discuss the operating characteristics and principles of hydraulic systems
and hydraulics system components.
2. Determine and discuss the construction features of the different
components and accessories used with hydraulics system.
3. The lesson describes the basic operating principles of a hydraulic
system, including fluid flow, power determination, hydraulic transfer,
and pressure/movement characteristics.
Block III. Strainers and Filters
 III.1 Hydraulic System requirements
III.2 Settling
III.3 Degree of Filtration
III.4 Performance Characteristics
III.5 Performance of Different Media
III.6 Filter
a. Reservoir Strainers
b. In-line Strainers
III.7 Filters
a. Fiber Media
b. No fibrous Surface Media
c. Magnetic Media
III.8 Filter and Strainer Installations

Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to;
1. Describes and enumerate the different strainers and filters used
with hydraulic fluids.
2. Determine and explain their construction, its function, operating
limitation, and installation requirements.

Block IV. Reservoirs and Accumulators

IV. 1System Demands

IV.2 Fluid Reservoir Requirements
IV.3 Baffles
IV.4 Air Separation
IV.5 Reservoir Cooling
IV.6 Reservoir Accessories
IV.7 Accumulators

Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to;
1. Describes the different system requirements that determine the
selection of hydraulic system reservoirs and
accumulators.
2. Describe the constructions features and operations of reservoirs
and accumulators.

Block V. Hydraulic Pumps

V.1 Pump Classification

V.2 Rating and Selection Factors
a. Capacity
b. Pressure
c. Energy Consumption
 d. Drive Speed
e. Efficiency
f. Reliability Fluid Characteristics
g. Size and Weight
h. Control Adaptability
i. Service Life
j. Maintenance and Installation Costs
V.3 Types of Pumps
a. Gear Pumps
b. External Gear Pumps
c. Internal Gear Pumps
d. Axial-Flow (Screw) Pumps
e. Cycloidal Pumps
f. Vane Pumps
g. Piston Pumps

Block VI. Piping, Tubing, and Fittings

VI.1 Hydraulic Pipingre

VI.2 Flow and Velocity
VI.3 Hydraulic Pressure
VI.4 Pressure Loss
VI.5 Losses in a Line
VI.6 Steel Pipe
VI. 7 Pipe Fittings
VI.8 Pipe Installation
VI.9 Tubing
a. Tube Bending
b. Tube Fittings
VI. 10 Hoses
a. Hose-End Fittings
b. Quick Connect/Disconnect Couplings
c. Hose Installations

Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to;
1. Explain the importance of maintenance and installation
requirements of hydraulic pumps and boosters, its
functions and operations.

Block VII. Hydraulic Components, Standard Symbols and Descriptions

This lesson describes the operating principles, functions and the different
constructions of the basic hydraulics components.

VII.1 Directional Control Valves

a. Manually Operated Valves
 b. Automatic Two-Way Valves
c. Check Valves
d. Pilot-Operated Check Valves
e. Spool Valves
f. Three-Way Spool Valves
g. Hydraulic Motor Control
h. Normally Open and Normally Closed Valves
i. Holding Valves
j. Four Way Valves
k. Five Way Valves
l. Rotary Valves
m. Valve Actuators
n. Flow Ratings
o. Accessories
VII.2 Pressure Control Valves
a. Pressure Control Valves
b. Pressure-Relief Valves
c. Poppet Valves
d. Sequence Valves
e. Counter Balance Valves
f. Holding Valves
g. Unloading Valves
h. Pressure-Reducing Valves
i. Shock Suppressors
j. Flow-Control Valves
k. Pressure Compensation
l. Temperature Compensation
VII.3 Cylinders
a. Description of Cylinders
b. Double Acting Cylinders
c. Single Acting Cylinders
d. Two-Piston Cylinders
e. Positional Cylinders
f. Cylinder Construction
g. Piston Rings and Seals
h. Rod Packings
i. Cylinder Mounting
j. Selecting a Cy
k. Cylinder
l. Flow Capacity
m. Cushioning
n. Piston Rod Strength
o. Cylinder Applications

Block VIII. Hydraulic Motors

VIII.1 Hydraulic Motors
 VIII. 2 Motor Classification
VIII. 3 Rating and Selection Factors
VIII.4 Hydraulic-Motor Construction
a. Gear Motors
b. Vane Motors
c. Piston Motors
d. Rotary Actuators

Block IX. The Hydraulic Systems

IX. Hydraulic Schematic Diagrams
a. Basic Elements of a Hydraulic System
IX. The Hydraulic Circuits
a. Cylinder Control
a.1 Manual Control
a.2 Sequence Valve Circuit
Block X. Basic Rules in Circuit Diagramming
a. The Rest Position
b. Circuit Lay-out and Guidelines
c. Motion/Step Diagram and Sequence Charting

Block XI. Fundamentals and Principles of Pneumatics

XI.1 Introduction to Pneumatics

XI.2 Basic Pneumatic System
a. Air Production System
b. Air Consuming System
XI.3 Compressed Air Theory
XI.4 Properties of Gases
a. Boyle’s Law
b. Charle’S Law
c. Law of Gay Lussac
d. Flow/Bernoulli’s Equation
e. Air Humidity and Relative Humidity
XI.5 Air Compression and Distribution
a. Compressors
a.1 Reciprocating Compressors
a.2 Rotating Compressors
a.3 Compressor Rating
b. Air Dehydration
b.1 After Coolers
b.2 Air Dryers
c. Air Distribution
c.1 Dead End Line
c.2 Ring Main
c.3 Secondary Line
d. Air Treatment
 d.1 Filtering
d.2 Air Quality
d.3 Pressure Regulation
d. 4 Compressed Air Lubrication
d.5 Filter, Regulator, Lubricator Units
III.4 Specific Objectives
At the end of the chapter, the students are expected to;
1. Discuss the principles of pneumatics.
2. Enumerate and discuss the operating principles and
functions of the different components in
pneumatics systems.
3. Identify and enumerate the components and the
requirements in air production and air
distribution.

Block IV. Pneumatic Components, Standard Symbols and Description

IV.1 Actuators
a. Linear Cylinders
b. Special Cylinder Option
c. Special Actuators
d. Cylinder Mounting
e. Cylinder Force
d. Buckling Strength
e. Air Flow and Consumption
f. Speed Control
IV.2 Directional Control Valves
a. Valve Function
b. Standard Symbol
c. Monostable and Bistable
IV.3 Valve Types
a. Poppet Valves
b. Slide Valves
b.1 Spool Valves
b.2 Rotary Valves
b.3 Plane Slide Valves
c. Valve Operation
c.1 Mechanical
c.2 Manual
c.3 Air Operation
d. Direct and Indirect Control
d.1 The solenoid Valve
e. Valve Mounting
f. Valve Sizing
IV.4 Auxiliary Valves
a. Non-Return Valves
b. Speed Controllers
 c. Shuttle Valves
d. Quick Exhaust Valves
IV. 5 Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students the students are expected to;
1. Identify the standard symbols of different pneumatics
components.
2. Define the different pneumatic components and its functions.
3. Enumerate the different types and kinds of pneumatic
components.

Block V. Basic Circuits

V.1 Introduction
V.2 Elementary Function
a. Flow Amplification
b. Signal Inversion
c. Selection
d. Memory Function
V.3 Time Function
a. Delayed Switching On
b. Delayed Switching Off
c. Pulse On Switching
d. Pulse On Releasing A Valve
V.4 Cylinder Control
a. Manual Control
a.1 Single Acting Cylinder
a.1.1 Direct Operation and Speed Control
a.1.2 Control from Two-Points: OR Function
a.1.3 Interlock: AND Function
a.2. Double Acting Cylinder
a.2.1 Direct Control
a.2.2 Holding the End Position
a.3 Detecting Cylinder Positions
a.3.1 Automatic Return
a.3.2 Repeating Strokes
b. Sequence Control
b.1 How to describe a sequence.
b.2 Sequence of Two Cylinders
b.2.1 Single Cycle
b.2.2 Repeating Cycle
b.3 Opposing Commands
b.3.1 Elimination with a Pulse
b.3.1.1 Clamping: Pressure Control
b.3.2 Cascade System
V.5 Basic Rules in Circuit Diagramming
a. The Basic Rules in Composing Circuit Diagram.
b. The Rest Position
 c. Circuit Lay-Out and Guidelines.
d. Motion and Step Diagram
e. Sequence Charting
V.6 Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students the students are expected to;
1. Discuss the principles of pneumatics control system.
2. Identify the different types of pneumatic control circuits.
3. Discuss a sequence controller.
4. Follow/Apply the basic rules in circuit diagram.
5. Interpret circuit diagrams, motion diagram and sequence
charting.
6. Simulate/connect pneumatic control circuits.
Reference: 1. Fluid Power
By: James A. Sullivan
2. SMC Pneumatics
3. Festo Didactic
4. Hydraulics 5th Edition
By: King/Wisler/Woodburn

Learning Strategies:
1. Lecture/Discussion
2.Problem solving
3. Quizzes
4. Periodic examination
5. Sketches/Pictures.
6. Actual installation/Performance activities.

Suggested activities:
1. Actual installation/Performance activities.

Audio-visual Materials to be used:

1. Whiteboard
2. Whiteboard Pens.
3. Chalkboard.
4. Chalk.
5. Overhead projector
6. Transparencies
7. Downloaded information from the internet.
8. Hydraulics and Pneumatics Equipment
9. Computer Based Simulation

Values Integration:
1. Honesty
2. Punctuality
3. Team work.
4. Good behavior/attitude.
 5. Quality workmanship.
6. Creativity.
7. Harmonious relationship with others.

Requirement of the Course

Attendance Attitude ……………….. 10%
Assignment ……………….. 15%
Quizzer ……………….. 20%
Major Examination ……………….. 25%
Projects, Written
Report, Oral Report ……………….. 30%
TOTAL 100%

Prepared by:

ALENOGINES L. SAN DIEGO, DTE

Instructor
15 April 2005

Recommending Approval:

ARNELO NAELGA
Chairman
Automotive Tech

Approved:

ROMEO M. DE ASIS
Dean, SIIT