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The Klan was reorganized in 1915 near Atlanta, Ga., and its popularity
peaked in the 1920s when its membership exceeded 4 million
nationally, with strong organizations in the Midwest as well as in the
South. The new Klan began to persecute Roman Catholics, Jews,
foreigners, Communists, and organized labor. Stressing white
Protestant supremacy, the Klan enjoyed a spurt of growth in 1928 as
a reaction to the Democrats' nomination for president of Alfred E.
Smith, a Roman Catholic. During the Great Depression of the 1930s,
the Klan's membership dropped dramatically, and after a federal suit
for income tax delinquency in 1944, the Klan went bankrupt.
However, in the mid-1960s, as civil rights workers attempted to
promote compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Klan briefly
revived once again. It faded rapidly after President Lyndon Johnson
denounced the organization in 1965.
The Klan revived with renewed vigor in the late 1970s. It fragmented
into several separate and competing groups, some of which allied
themselves with neo-Nazi and other right-wing extremist groups. By
the early 1990s, after being prosecuted for illegal activities, the Klan
was estimated to have between 6,000 and 10,000 active members,
mostly in the deep South.
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