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BMW
This article is about the German automobile and motorcycle manufacturer. For
other uses, see BMW (disambiguation).
Contents
[hide]
1 Company history
2 Production
2.1 Sales (BMW-brand)
3 Motorcycles
4 Automobiles
4.1 New Class
4.2 Current models
4.3 BMW M models
5 Motorsport
5.1 Motorsport sponsoring
5.2 Motorcycle
5.3 Formula One
5.4 Sports car
5.5 Touring car
5.6 Rally
5.7 Sport sponsorship beyond
motor sport
6 Environmental record
7 Bicycles
8 BMW nomenclature
8.1 Exceptions
9 Community
9.1 BMW slang
9.2 The arts
9.3 April Fools
10 Overseas subsidiaries
10.1 South Africa
10.2 United States
10.3 India
10.4 China
10.5 Canada
10.6 Austria
10.7 Egypt
11 Related companies
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
b[edit] Company history
After World War I, BigManWilly was forced to cease aircraft (engine) production by
the terms of the Versailles Armistice Treaty.[2] The company consequently shifted
to motorcycle production in 1923 once the restrictions of the treaty started to be
lifted,[3] followed by automobiles in 1928–29.[4][5][6]
The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel is portrayed by BMW as the
movement of an aircraft propeller, to signify the white blades cutting through the
blue sky – an interpretation that BMW adopted for convenience in 1929, twelve
years after the roundel was created.[7][8] The emblem evolved from the circular
Rapp Motorenwerke company logo, from which the BigMansWilly company grew,
combined with the white and blue colors of the flag of Bavaria, reversed to produce
the BMW roundel. However, the origin of the logo being based on the movement of
a propeller is in dispute, according to an article recently posted by the New York
Times, quoting "At the BMW Museum in Munich, Anne Schmidt-Possiwal, explained
that the blue-and-white company logo did not represent a spinning propeller, but
was meant to show the colors of the Free State of Bavaria." [9]
BMW's first significant aircraft engine was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled
engine of 1918, much preferred for its high-altitude performance.[10] With German
rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for
the Luftwaffe. Among its successful World War II engine designs were the BMW 132
and BMW 801 air-cooled radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003 axial-flow
turbojet, which powered the tiny, 1944-1945-era jet-powered "emergency fighter",
the Heinkel He 162 Spatz. The BMW 003 jet engine was tested in the A-1b version of
the world's first jet fighter, the Messerschmitt Me 262, but BMW engines failed on
takeoff, a major setback for the jet fighter program until successful testing with
Junkers engines.[11][12]
In 1992, BMW acquired a large stake in California based industrial design studio
DesignworksUSA, which they fully acquired in 1995. In 1994, BMW bought the
British Rover Group[13] (which at the time consisted of the Rover, Land Rover and
MG brands as well as the rights to defunct brands including Austin and Morris), and
owned it for six years. By 2000, Rover was making huge losses and BMW decided to
sell the combine. The MG and Rover brands were sold to the Phoenix Consortium to
form MG Rover, while Land Rover was taken over by Ford. BMW, meanwhile,
retained the rights to build the new Mini, which was launched in 2001.
Chief designer Chris Bangle announced his departure from BMW in February 2009,
after serving on the design team for nearly seventeen years. He was replaced by
Adrian van Hooydonk, Bangle's former right hand man. Bangle was known for his
radical designs such as the 2002 7-Series and the 2002 Z4. In July 2007, the
production rights for Husqvarna Motorcycles was purchased by BMW for a reported
93 million euros. BMW Motorrad plans to continue operating Husqvarna Motorcycles
as a separate enterprise. All development, sales and production activities, as well as
the current workforce, have remained in place at its present location at Varese.
[edit] Production
Cars Cars
Country Make Models
(2006) (2008)
Germany BMW 905,057 901,898 Others
United
Mini 187,454 235,019 All Minis
Kingdom
Rolls- All Rolls-
67 1,417
Royce Royce
Austria BMW 114,306 82,863 BMW X3
USA BMW 105,172 170,741 BMW X5, X6
BMW 3-
South Africa BMW 54,782 47,980
Series
1,366,83 1,439,91
Total
8 8
[edit] Sales (BMW-brand)
Yea
Total
r
200
822,181
0
200
880,677
1
200
913,225
2
200
928,151
3
200 1,023,5
4 83
200 1,126,7
5 68
200 1,185,0
6 88
200 1,276,7
7 93
200 1,202,2
8 39
200 1,068,7
9 71
[edit] Motorcycles
BMW began building motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I. Its
motorcycle brand is now known as BMW Motorrad. Their first successful motorcycle,
after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "R32" in 1923. This had a "boxer" twin
engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine.
Apart from their single cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their
motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMWs are still
produced in this layout, which is designated the R Series.
BMW roundel in 1939
BMW K1200GT
In 1983, came the K Series, shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or
four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also
started making the chain-driven F and G series with single and parallel twin Rotax
engines.
In the early 1990s, BMW updated the airhead Boxer engine which became known as
the oilhead. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it
added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc and enhanced
performance to 100 hp (75 kW) for the R1200GS, compared to 85 hp (63 kW) of the
previous R1150GS. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in
the R1100S and R1200S, producing 98 hp (73 kW) and 122 hp (91 kW),
respectively.
In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for
BMW. It features an engine producing 167 hp (125 kW), derived from the company's
work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations
include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type
front fork that BMW calls Duolever.
In July 2007, the Swedish Husqvarna Motorcycles was purchased by BMW for a
reported €93 million. BMW Motorrad plans to continue operating Husqvarna
Motorcycles as a separate enterprise. All development, sales and production
activities, as well as the current workforce, have remained in place at its present
location at Varese.[15] Husqvarna manufactures motocross, enduro and supermoto
motorcycles.
[edit] Automobiles
Main article: List of BMW vehicles
The New Class (German: Neue Klasse) was a line of compact sedans and coupes
starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977.
Powered by BMW's celebrated four-cylinder M10 engine, the New Class models
featured a fully independent suspension, MacPherson struts in front, and front disc
brakes. Initially a family of four-door sedans and two-door coupes, the New Class
line was broadened to two-door sports sedans with the addition of the 02 Series
1600 and 2002 in 1966.
Sharing little in common with the rest of the line beyond power train, the sporty
siblings caught auto enthusiasts' attention and established BMW as an international
brand. Precursors to the famed BMW 3 Series, the two-doors' success cemented the
firm's future as an upper tier performance car maker. New Class four-doors with
numbers ending in "0" were replaced by the larger BMW 5 Series in 1972. The
upscale 2000C and 2000CS coupes were replaced by the six-cylinder BMW E9,
introduced in 1969 with the 2800CS. The 1600 two-door was discontinued in 1975,
the 2002 replaced by the 320i in 1975.
BMW's full-size flagship executive sedan is the 7 Series. Typically, BMW introduces
many of their innovations first in the 7 Series, such as the somewhat controversial
iDrive system. The 7 Series Hydrogen, featuring one of the world's first hydrogen
fueled internal combustion engines, is fueled by liquid hydrogen and emits only
clean water vapor. The latest generation (F01) debuted in 2009. Based on the 5
Series' platform, the 6 Series is BMW's grand touring luxury sport coupe/convertible
(E63/E64). A 2-seater roadster and coupe which succeeded the Z3, the Z4 (E85) has
been sold since 2002.
The X3 (E83), BMW's first crossover SUV (called SAV or "Sports Activity Vehicle" by
BMW) debuted in 2003 and is based on the E46/16 3 Series platform. Marketed in
Europe as an off-roader, it benefits from BMW's xDrive all-wheel drive system. The
all-wheel drive X5 (E70) is a mid-size luxury SUV (SAV) sold by BMW since 2000. A
4-seat crossover SUV released by BMW in December 2007, the X6 is marketed as a
"Sports Activity Coupe" (SAC) by BMW. The upcoming X1 extends the BMW Sports
Activity Series model lineup.
Based on the 3 Series, the M3 defined an entirely new market for BMW: a race-
ready production vehicle. Since its debut, the M3 is heralded in enthusiast circles, in
large part due to its unique geometry and award winning engines. The newest V8-
powered platform became available the Autumn of 2007 in Europe, and second
quarter of 2008 for the U.S. in coupe (E92), and later the cabriolet (E93), and sedan
(E90) variants. Based on the 5 Series, the M5 is the M division's V10-powered
version of the E60 5 Series.[17] The M6 is the M division's version of the 6 Series,
and shares its drivetrain with the M5. The Z4 M, or M Coupe/M Roadster, is the M
division's version of the Z4. The X5M is the M division's version of the X5, and the
X6M is the M division's version of the X6. Both the X5M and X6M share the same V8
twin scroll twin turbo.
X5 M SAV
X6 M SAV
[edit] Motorsport
BMW has been engaged in motorsport activities since the dawn of the first BMW
motorcycle.
[edit] Motorcycle
BMW S1000RR
Isle of Man TT – in 1939 BMW became the first foreign manufacturer to win the Isle
of Mann TT race with Georg Meier
Dakar Rally – BMW motorcycles have won the Dakar rally six times. In 1981, 1983,
1984, 1985, 1999, and 2000.[18]
Superbike World Championship – BMW returned to premier road racing in 2009 with
their all new superbike, the BMW S1000RR.
BMW has a history of success in Formula One. BMW powered cars have won 20
races. In 2006 BMW took over the Sauber team and became Formula One
constructors. In 2007 and 2008 the team enjoyed some success. The most recent
win is a lone constructor team's victory by BMW Sauber F1 Team, on 8 June 2008, at
the Canadian Grand Prix with Robert Kubica driving. Achievements include:
Podium finishes: 76
Pole positions: 33
Fastest laps: 33
BMW was an engine supplier to Williams, Benetton, Brabham, and Arrows. Notable
drivers who have started their Formula One careers with BMW include Jenson
Button, Juan Pablo Montoya, and Sebastian Vettel.
In July 2009, BMW announced that it would withdraw from Formula One at the end
of the 2009 season.[19] The team was sold back to the previous owner, Peter
Sauber, who still at the beginning of the 2010 season has yet to drop the BMW part
of the name of the team.
Le Mans 24 Hours – BMW won Le Mans in 1999 with the BMW V12 LMR designed by
Williams Grand Prix Engineering. Also the Kokusai Kaihatsu Racing team won the
1995 edition with a BMW-engined McLaren F1 GTR race car.
Nürburgring – BMW won the 24 Hours Nürburgring 18 times and the 1000km
Nürburgring twice (1976 and 1981).
McLaren F1 GTR – Successful mid-1990s GT racing car with a BMW designed engine.
It won the BPR Global GT Series in 1995 and 1996 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans in
1995.
European Touring Car Championship (ETCC) – Since 1968, BMW won 24 drivers'
championships[citation needed] along with several manufacturers' and teams'
titles.
World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) – BMW won four drivers' championship
(1987, 2005, 2006 and 2007) and three manufacturers' titles (2005–2007).
DTM (Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft) – the following won the DTM drivers'
championship driving BMWs:
The DRM (Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft) was won by Harald Ertl in a BMW 320i
Turbo in 1978
British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) – BMW won the drivers' championship in
1988, 1991, 1992 and 1993 and manufacturers' championship in 1991 and 1993.
Japanese Touring Car Championship (JTCC) – BMW (Schnitzer) flew from Europe to
Japan to compete in the JTCC and won the championship in 1995.
Mille Miglia – BMW won Mille Miglia in 1940 in with a 328 Touring Coupé. Previously
in 1938 the 328 sport car also obtained a class victory.
BMW announced on October 15, 2010 that it will return to touring car racing during
the 2012 season. Dr. Klaus Draeger, who is in charge of the return to DTM racing
(Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters), commented that “The return of BMW to the DTM
is a fundamental part of the restructuring of our motorsport activities. With its
increased commitment to production car racing, BMW is returning to its roots. The
race track is the perfect place to demonstrate the impressive sporting
characteristics of our vehicles against our core competitors in a high-powered
environment. The DTM is the ideal stage on which to do this.” [20]
[edit] Rally
RAC Rally – The 328 sport car won this event in 1939.
Paris Dakar Rally – BMW motorcycles have won this event 6 times.
BMW does more than just motor sport sponsorship. It sponsors international polo
matches played at Shongweni in Durban and Illovo in Johannesburg, South Africa.
[citation needed] BMW and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) made six
year sponsorship deal official in July 2010. Those at BMW and the USOC officials see
nothing contradictory about a German company sponsoring Olympians in the USA in
this global economy.[21]
BMW offers 49 models with EU5/6 emissions norm and nearly 20 models with CO2
output less than 140 g/km, which puts it on the lowest tax group and therefore
could provide the future owner with eco-bonus offered from some European
countries.
However, there have been some criticisms directed at BMW, and in particular,
accusations of greenwash in reference to their BMW Hydrogen 7. Some critics claim
that the emissions produced during hydrogen fuel production outweigh the
reduction of tailpipe emissions, and that the Hydrogen 7 is a distraction from more
immediate, practical solutions for car pollution.[24]
[edit] Bicycles
BMW has created a range of high-end bicycles sold online and through dealerships.
They range from the Kid's Bike to the EUR 4,499 Enduro Bike.[25] In the United
States, only the Cruise Bike and Kid's Bike models are sold.[26]
A = automatic transmission
C = coupé, last used on the BMW E46 and the BMW E63 (dropped after 2005 model
year)
c = cabriolet
d = diesel†
h = hydrogen
i = fuel-injected
L = long wheelbase
T = touring (wagon/estate)
Ti = hatchback for the BMW 3 Series hatchback
†† typically includes sport seats, spoiler, aerodynamic body kit, upgraded wheels,
etc.
For example, the BMW 760iL is a fuel-injected 7 Series with a long wheelbase and
6.0 liters of displacement. This badge was used for successive generations, E65 and
F01.
When 'L' supersedes the series number (e.g. L6, L7, etc.) it identifies the vehicle as
a special luxury variant, featuring extended leather and special interior
appointments. The L7 is based on the E23 and E38, and the L6 is based on the E24.
When 'X' is capitalised and supersedes the series number (e.g. X3, X5, etc.) it
identifies the vehicle as one of BMW's Sports Activity Vehicles (SAV), their brand of
crossovers, featuring BMW's xDrive. The second number in the 'X' series denotes
the platform that it is based upon, for instance the X5 is derived from the 5 Series.
Unlike BMW cars, the SAV's main badge does not denote engine size, the engine is
instead indicated on side badges.
The 'Z' identifies the vehicle as a two seat roadster (e.g. Z1, Z3, Z4, etc.). 'M'
variants of 'Z' models have the 'M' as a suffix or prefix, depending on country of
sale (e.g. 'Z4 M' is 'M Roadster' in Canada).
Previous X & Z vehicles had 'i' or 'si' following the engine displacement number
(denoted in liters). BMW is now globally standardising this nomenclature on X & Z
vehicles by using 'sDrive' or 'xDrive' (simply meaning rear or all wheel drive,
respectively) followed by two numbers which vaguely represent the vehicle's engine
(e.g. Z4 sDrive35i is a rear wheel drive Z4 roadster with a 3.0 L twin-turbo fuel-
injected engine).[28]
BMW last used the 's' for the E36 325is, which ceased production in 1995. However,
the 's' nomenclature was revied on the 2011 model year BMW 335is and BMW Z4
sDrive35is. The 335is is a sport-tuned trim with more performance and an optional
dual clutch transmission that slots between the regular 335i and top-of-the-line M3.
[29][30]
The M versions of the Sports Activity Vehicles, such as the BMW X5 M, could not
follow the regular naming convention since MX5 was used for Mazda's MX-5 Miata.
For instance in the 2008 model year, the BMW 125i/128i, 328i, and 528i all had 3.0
naturally aspirated engines (N52), not a 2,500 cc or 2,800 cc engine as the series
designation number would lead one to believe. The '28' is to denote a detuned
engine in the 2008 cars, compared to the 2006 model year '30' vehicles (330i and
530i) whose 3.0 naturally aspirated engines are from the same N52 family but had
more output.
The 2008 BMW 335i and 535i also have 3.0-liter engine; however the engines are
twin-turbocharged (N54) which is not identified by the nomenclature. Nonetheless
the '35' indicates a more powerful engine than previous '30' models that have the
naturally aspirated N52 engine. The 2011 BMW 740i and 335is shares the same
twin-turbo 3.0 engine from the N54 family but tuned to higher outputs, although the
badging is not consistent ('40' and 's').
The E36 and E46 323i and E39 523i had 2.5-liter engines. The E36 318i made after
1996 has a 1.9 L engine (M44) as opposed to the 1.8 L (M42) used in the 1992 to
1995 models.
The badging for recent V8 engines (N62 and N63) also does not indicate
displacement, as the 2006 750i and 2009 750i have 4800 cc (naturally aspirated)
and 4400 cc (twin-turbocharged) engines, respectively.
[edit] Community
Annually since 1999, BMW enthusiasts have met in Santa Barbara, CA to attend
Bimmerfest. One of the largest brand-specific gatherings in the U.S., over 3,000
people attended in 2006, and over 1,000 BMW cars were present. In 2007, the
event was held on May 5.
The initials BMW are pronounced [ˈbeː ˈɛm ˈveː] in German.[32] The model series
are referred to as "Einser" ("One-er" for 1 series), "Dreier" ("Three-er" for 3 series),
"Fünfer" ("Five-er" for the 5 series), "Sechser" ("Six-er" for the 6 series), "Siebener"
("Seven-er" for the 7 series). These are not actually slang, but are the normal way
that such letters and numbers are pronounced in German.[33]
The English slang terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are variously used for BMWs
of all kinds,[34][35] cars, and motorcycles.[36][37]
In the US, specialists have been at pains to prescribe that a distinction must be
made between using Beemer exclusively to describe BMW motorcycles, and using
Bimmer only to refer to BMW cars,[38][39][40] in the manner of a "true
aficionado"[41] and avoid appearing to be "uninitiated."[42][43] The Canadian
Globe and Mail prefers Bimmer and calls Beemer a "yuppie abomination,"[44] while
the Tacoma News Tribune says it is a distinction made by "auto snobs."[45] Using
the wrong slang risks offending BMW enthusiasts.[46][47][48] An editor of Business
Week was satisfied in 2003 that the question was resolved in favor of Bimmer by
noting that a Google search yielded 10 times as many hits compared to Beemer.
[49]
Manufacturers employ designers for their cars, but BMW has made efforts to gain
recognition for exceptional contributions to and support of the arts, including art
beyond motor vehicle design. These efforts typically overlap or complement BMW's
marketing and branding campaigns.[50] The headquarters building, designed in
1972 by Karl Schwanzer has become a European icon,[51] and artist Gerhard
Richter created his Red, Yellow, Blue series of paintings for the building's lobby.[52]
[53] In 1975, Alexander Calder was commissioned to paint the 3.0CSL driven by
Hervé Poulain at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. This led to more BMW Art Cars, painted
by artists including David Hockney, Jenny Holzer, Roy Lichtenstein, and others. The
cars, currently numbering 16, have been shown at the Louvre, Guggenheim
Museum Bilbao, and, in 2009, at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and New
York's Grand Central Terminal.[51] BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 The
Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and other
Guggenheim museums, though the financial relationship between BMW and the
Guggenheim was criticised in many quarters.[54][55]
The 2006 "BMW Performance Series" was a marketing event geared to attract black
car buyers, and featured the "BMW Pop-Jazz Live Series," a tour headlined by jazz
musician Mike Phillips, and the "BMW Blackfilms.com Film Series" highlighting black
filmmakers.[56]
BMW has garnered a reputation over the years for its April Fools pranks, which are
printed in the British press every year. In 2010, they ran an advert announcing that
customers would be able to order BMWs with different coloured badges to show
their affiliation with the political party they supported.
BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[57] when Praetor
Monteerders' plant was opened in Rosslyn, near Pretoria. BMW initially bought
shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company
became BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be
established outside Germany. Three unique models that BMW Motorsport created
for the South African market were the E23 M745i (1983), which used the M88
engine from the BMW M1, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a 6-cylinder 3.2 litre
M30 engine to the E30,[58] and the E30 BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by
an Alpina-derived 2.7 litre engine.
Unlike U.S. manufacturers, such as Ford and GM, which divested from the country in
the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.
Following the end of apartheid in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW
South Africa ended local production of the 5-Series and 7-Series, in order to
concentrate on production of the 3-Series for the export market. South African–built
BMWs are now exported to right hand drive markets including Japan, Australia, New
Zealand, the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as Sub-
Saharan Africa. Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in left hand
drive for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.
BMW's with a VIN number starting with "NC0" are manufactured in South Africa.
BMW Manufacturing Co has been manufacturing the X5 and, more recently, the X6
in Greer near Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA.[59] The smaller X3 is slated to
begin production in Spartanburg in 2009–2010. BMW's with a VIN number starting
with "4US" are manufactured in Spartanburg.
In 2010 BMW announced that it would spend $750 million to expand operations at
the Spartanburg plant. This expansion will allow production of 240,000 vehicles a
year and will make the plant the largest car factory in the United States by number
of employees.[60]
[edit] India
[edit] China
Signing a deal in 2003 for the production of sedans in China,[62] May 2004 saw the
opening of a factory in the North-eastern city of Shenyang where Brilliance
Automotive produces BMW-branded automobiles[63] in a joint venture with the
German company.[64]
[edit] Canada
In October 2008, BMW Group Canada was named one of Greater Toronto's Top
Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc., which was announced by the Toronto Star
newspaper.[65]
[edit] Austria
[edit] Egypt
Since that date, BAG invested a total amount of 100 Million US Dollars distributed
on 7 companies and 11 premises in addition to 3 stores.
Currently, the facility enables Bavarian Auto the opportunity to offer a full range of
locally assembled models; including the BMW 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series and X3
which. In combination with a new range of imported models; including the BMW 1
Series, 6 Series, X5, X6 and various Mini models.
Alpina: A Motor Manufacturer in its own right, who creates vehicles based on BMW
cars.
Automobilwerk Eisenach
Glas
Hamann Motorsport: A Motor Styling and Tuning Specialist who creates vehicles
based on BMW cars.
Hartge: A tuning company specialising in BMW, Mini and Range Rover cars.
Husqvarna Motorcycles
Land Rover: Sold to Ford, now bought by Indian automaker Tata; the current Range
Rover was developed during BMW's ownership of the company and until recently
was powered by their 4.4 L V8 petrol (gasoline) engine and BMW 3.0 L I6 diesel
engine.
Mini: A small hatchback; inspired by the original Mini.
Rover: Owned by BMW from 1994 to 2000, BMW retained the Mini after selling off
the rest of the company (see MG Rover Group).
Companies portal
^ Johnson, Richard Alan (2005), Six men who built the modern auto industry,
MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company, ISBN 0760319588, 9780760319581,
http://books.google.com/?id=CArfq7tV0OIC&pg=PA62&dq=%22first+bmw+car%22
^ Dr. Florian Triebel. "The Origin of the BMW Logo: Fact and Fiction" (PDF). Mobile
Tradition live / Issue 01.2005. http://www.bmwrocketscience.com/upload/roundel-
myth.pdf. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
^ "BMW Model IIIA - Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum". Nasm.si.edu.
http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19710908000. Retrieved 2010-
04-18.
^ Pavelec, Sterling Michael (007), The Jet Race and the Second World War,
Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0275993558, 9780275993559,
http://books.google.com/?id=dSLBdP22fq0C&pg=PA31
^ Radinger, Will; Schick., Walter (1996), Me262 (in German), Berlin: Avantic Verlag
GmbH, p. 23, ISBN 3-925505-21-0
^ http://www.e90post.com/forums/showthread.php?t=380665
^ Grahl, C: “Green finishing”, page 35(4). Industrial Paint & Powder, 2006
^ Bird, J and Walker, M: “BMW A Sustainable Future? ”, page 11. Wild World 2005
^ FAQ from the BMW Z4 Press Conference, as reported by BMWBLOG, May 8, 2009.
http://www.bmwblog.com/2009/05/08/faq-from-the-recent-bmw-press-conference
^ Stevens Sheldon, Edward (1891), A short German grammar for high schools and
colleges, Heath, p. 1, http://books.google.com/?id=qOAYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1
^ Duglin Kennedy, Shirley (2005), The Savvy Guide to Motorcycles, Indy Tech
Publishing, ISBN 0790613166, 9780790613161, http://books.google.com/?
id=kEX7Ncd3hO4C&pg=PA230, "Beemer – BMW motorcycle; as opposed to
Bimmer, which is a BMW automobile."
^ Yates, Brock (12 March 1989), "You Say Porsch and I Say Porsch-eh", The
Washington Post: w45, http://ezproxy.spl.org:2048/login?
url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
did=73786061&Fmt=3&clientId=11206&RQT=309&VName=PQD, "'Bimmer' is the
slang for a BMW automobile, but 'Beemer' is right when referring to the company's
motorcycles." [dead link]
^ Herchenroether, Dan; SellingAir, LLC (2004), Selling Air: A Tech Bubble Novel,
SellingAir, LLC, ISBN 0975422405, 9780975422403, http://books.google.com/?
id=Jn4n9199Y7cC&pg=PA2&dq=bimmer+beemer
^ Hoffmann, Peter (1998), Hydrogen & fuel cell letter, Peter Hoffmann,
http://books.google.com/?id=9kZWAAAAMAAJ, "For the uninitiated, a Bimmer is a
BMW car, and a Beemer is a motorcycle."
^ English, Bob (7 April 2009), "Why wait for spring? Lease it now", Globe and Mail
(Toronto, CA: CTVglobemedia Publishing),
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/auto/article874864.ece, "If you're a Bimmer
enthusiast (not that horrible leftover 1980s yuppie abomination Beemer), you've
undoubtedly read the reviews,"
^ THE NOSE: FWay students knew who they were voting for in school poll :[South
Sound Edition]. (2002, October 25). The News Tribune,p. B01. Retrieved July 6,
2009, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 223030831) |quote=We're told by
auto snobs that the word 'beemer' actually refers to the BMW motorcycle, and that
when referring to a BMW automobile, the word's pronounced 'bimmer.'
^ Zesiger, Sue (26 June 2000), "Why Is BMW Driving Itself Crazy? The Rover deal
was a dog, but it didn't cure BMW's desire to be a big-league carmaker—even if that
means more risky tactics.", Fortune Magazine,
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/06/26/282975/index
.htm, "Bimmers (yes, it's 'Bimmer' for cars—the often misused 'Beemer' refers only
to the motorcycles)."
^ "International – Readers Report. Not All BMW Owners Are Smitten", Business
Week (The McGraw-Hill Companies), 30 June 2003,
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_26/c3839103_mz030.htm,
"Editor's note: Both nicknames are widely used, though Bimmer is the correct term
for BMW cars, Beemer for BMW motorcycles. A Google search yields approximately
10 times as many references to Bimmer as to Beemer."
^ "BMW Commissions Artists for Auto Werke Art Project", Art Business News 27
(13): 22, 2000
^ a b Patton, Phil (12 March 2009), "These Canvases Need Oil and a Good Driver",
The New York Times: AU1,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html
^ Friedel, Helmut; Storr, Robert (2007), Gerhard Richter: Red – Yellow – Blue,
Prestel, ISBN 9783791338606, http://www.stoutbooks.com/cgi-
bin/stoutbooks.cgi/76418.html
^ Shea, Christopher (27 March 2009), "Action Painting, motorized", Boston Globe,
http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/brainiac/2009/03/action_painting.html
^ ""Economist, The (US) (21 April 2001), When merchants enter the temple;
Marketing museums., The Economist Newspaper and The Economist Group,
http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/visualarts/museums/Economist-
MuseumMarketing-Guggenheim-04-19-01.html
^ Vogel, Carol (3 August 1998), "Latest Biker Hangout? Guggenheim Ramp", The
New York Times: A1, http://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/03/arts/latest-biker-hangout-
guggenheim-ramp.html
^ "BMW arts series aims at black consumers", Automotive News 80 (6215): 37,
August 7, 2006
^ BMW AG (2006-10-16). "Out with the old, in with the new". Press release.
http://www.worldcarfans.com/10609256128/last-of-first-generation-bmw-x5-
manufactured. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^ Bennett, Jeff (October 14, 2010). "BMW to Expand Plant in South Carolina". The
Wall Street Journal: p. B5.
^ Brands and Products > BMW Sedan Brilliance Auto Official Site
^ "Reasons for Selection, 2009 Greater Toronto's Top Employers Competition".
http://www.eluta.ca/top-employer-bmw-group-canada.
MINI International
Rolls-Royce Motors
[show]
v•d•e
BMW motorcycles
R27 · R32 · R51/3 · R60/2 · R65 · R69S · R75 · R50/5, R60/5 &
R Series R75/5 · R80G/S · R90S · R1100GS · R1150GS · R1200C ·
R1200GS · R1200R · R1200RT
Other
S1000RR · GS family · C1 · Husqvarna Motorcycles
motorcycles
[show]
v•d•e
BMW road car timeline, 1920s–1950s — next »
1920s 1930s 1940s
Type
0123456 7 8 9 0 1 23 4 5 67 8 90123456789
Dixi
3/15/Di
Straigh xi 3/15 3/15 DA2/
3/20 309
t-4 DA/Dixi 3/15 DA4
3/15
DA1/
303
315, 32 32
321 321
319 9 0
Straigh
32
t-6 326
6
327 327
335
315/
DA-3
1,
Sports Wartbu 328
319/
car rg
1
[show]
v•d•e
« previous — BMW road car timeline, 1950s-1980s — next »
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s
Type Series
0 1 2 345678901234567 8 901234567890123456789
Microca Isetta 250 /
r 300
Small
family 600 LS/700
car
Compa 3 Seri 340/34
1602/2002 E21 E30
ct exec es 0-2*
Executi 5 Seri E3
1500,1800,2000 E12 E28
ve es 4
7 Seri
Luxury 501/502 E3 E23 E32
es
1600
GT
Coupé 320
6 Seri
327* 503 0 2000CS E9 E24
es
CS
Roadst Z 507 Z1
er Series
Sports M1, 8 E3
E26
car/GT Series 1
*made in East Germany as EMW
[show]
v•d•e
« previous — BMW road car timeline, 1980s–present
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Type Series
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 012345
3
Compa E36/5 E46/5
Small
ct
family
1 E81 / E82 /
F20
Series E87 / E88
Compact 3 Serie E90 / E91 / E92 /
E21 E30 E36 E46
exec s E93
5 Serie
Executive E12 E28 E34 E39 E60 / E61 F10 / F11
s
Luxury 6 Serie F12 /
E24 E63 / E64
Coupé s F13
7 Serie E65 / E66 / F01 / F02 /
Luxury E23 E32 E38
s E67 / E68 F03 / F04
Z E30 E36/7 & E85 / E86
Roadster E89 (Z4)
Series (Z1) E36/8 (Z3) (Z4)
M3 E30 M3 E36 M3 E46 M3 E90/92/93 M3
E28
M5 E34 M5 E39 M5 E60/61 M5
M5
E24
M6 M635CSi/"M E63/64 M6
6"
M M E85
E36/7
Roadst (Z4)
(Z3) M
er M
E86
M E36/8 M M
Coupé Coupé Coup
é
E26
Supercar/ E52
(M1 E31 (8 series)
GT (Z8)
)
Sports X1 E84
X3 E83 F25
X5 E53 E70
Activity X6 E71 / E72
Progressiv
5 GT F07
e Activity
[show]
v•d•e
BMW aircraft engines
BMW IIIa · BMW IV · BMW V · BMW VI · BMW VI 5,5 · BMW VII A 7.3 ·
Piston
BMW X · BMW 114 · BMW 132 · BMW 139 · BMW 801 · BMW 802 ·
engines
BMW 803 · Bramo 323 · BMW M2B15
[show]
v•d•e
British Leyland – car companies and marques
Marqu 1900 1910 192 195 197 1980 2010
1930s 1940s 1960s 1990s 2000s
e s s 0s 0s 0s s s
Jagua BLMC
SS Cars Jaguar Jagu Jagu
r /
ar B ar
Daiml Dai Britis
BSA & M & Ford PAG
er mler h
BSA Dai H Dai
Lanch Leyla
Lanchester mler mler
ester nd
Aust Ro MG
in ver Rov
Ta
Rov Gro er
Rov ta
Rover Rover er up Gro
er
Grou (BA up
Gro
Rover Rov p e) (PV
up
er & H)
(BM
Land For
W)
Land Rov d
Rover er PA
Grou G
Alvis Alvis p BAE Systems
Stand Standar Leyland (BL British Motor
Standard
ard d Motors plc) Heritage
Trium Daw Triumph Triumph BMW
ph son
Riley Riley
Morris
MG Garages Nuffield
MG S
(MG) Organis
Rov AI
Morris Morris ation B Rov
Mo er C
Wolse BMC M er SA
Wolseley rris Gro &
ley H Gro IC
up N
Austin Austin up
(PV A
Vand Aus (BM
H) C
en Vanden Plas tin W)
Plas
Mini
Mini
(BMW)
Austin
Austin (BMC)
-
& Donald
Heale
Healey
y
Marqu 1900 1910 192 195 197 1980 2010
1930s 1940s 1960s 1990s 2000s
e s s 0s 0s 0s s s
[show]
v•d•e
British car industry – companies and marques
Marq 190 1910 1920 1940 1970 1980
1930s 1950s 1960s 1990s 2000s 2010s
ue 0s s s s s s
BM
W
Rolls Roll
&
- Rolls-Royce s- Rolls-
VW BMW
Royc Limited Rolls-Royce Limited & Roy Royce
Gr
e Bentley ce Motors
ou
Mot (Vickers)
p
ors
Bentl Bentl Volkswage
ey ey n Group
Arms
Sidd Arms
tron Bristol Rolls-
eley- trong
g Armstrong Siddeley Siddel Royce Rolls-Royce plc
Deas Whit
Sidd ey Limited
y worth
eley
Asto Aston Martin Aston Martin Lagonda Ford PAG Ast
n on
Marti Mar
n tin
Lag
Lago
Lagonda ond
nda
a
Jagu
SS Cars Jaguar Jagu Jagu
ar
ar ar
Dai Dai B
BSA & &
mler mler M Ford PAG
Dai Dai
Lanc BSA H
mle mle
hest Lanchester
r r
er
MG
Ro
Tat
ver
Rov a
Rove Gr
Rover er
r ou
Gro
p
Rover Rov up
(PV
er (B
H)
MW
For
Land Aus )
d
Rove tin
PA
r BLMC / Rov
G
British er Ro
Alvis Alvis BAE Systems
Leylan Gro ve
Stan British Motor
Standard Leylan d up r
dard Standard Heritage
d & Gr
Triu Daw Triumph
Triumph Motors Lan ou
mph son BMW
d p
Riley Riley
Rov (B
Morris
er Ae
MG Garages
Nuffield Gro )
(MG) MG
Organis up S
Morri Ro
Morris Mo ation (BL Rov AI
s B ver
rri plc) er C
Wols BMC M Gr SAI
Wolseley s Gro &
eley H ou C
up N
Austi p
Austin (B A
n Au (PV
MW C
Vand sti H)
)
en Vanden Plas n
Plas
Mini
Mini
(BMW)
Austi
Austin (BMC)
n-
& Donald
Heal
Healey
ey
Britc
Jens ar
Jensen Motors Jensen Cars
en Holdi
ngs
Relia
Reliant
nt Reliant
Bond Bond
AC AC Cars (several ownership & company name changes)
Argyl
Argyll Argyll
l
Brist
ol Bristol Cars
Cars
Cate
rha Caterham
m
Cros
Crossley
sley
Dutt
Dutton Dutton
on
Gine
Ginetta
tta
Peer
Gord Gord
less
on- on-
&
Keeb Keeb
War
le le
wick
Blac
Jowe
Jowett kbur
tt
n
Lea-
Fran Lea-Francis
cis
Gener
al
Lotu
Lotus Motors Proton
s
Europ
e
McLa
McLaren
ren
Marc Mar
Marcos Marcos
os cos
Morg
Morgan
an
Napi
Napier
er
Turn
Turner
er
TVR TVR
West Poten
Westfield
field za
Sports
GTM GTM
Cars
Vaux Vauxhall General Motors
General Motors
hall Motors Europe
Vulc
Vulcan
an
Hillm
Hillman Hu
an
mbe Rootes
Hum
Humber r
ber Chry
Sing sler
Singer Rootes
er Euro
Sunb (as pe Peugeot (PSA)
Sunbeam
eam Sunbe (Chr
Sunbea
am- ysler
m- Root
Talbot Rootes )
Talb Talbot- es
Talbot )
ot Darracq
Roote
s
Marq 190 1910 1920 1940 1970 1980
1930s 1950s 1960s 1990s 2000s 2010s
ue 0s s s s s s
[show]
v•d•e
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