M3HW2 Solution

Section 4.5

#6. f ( x )=secx−cscx

df
=secxtanx−(−cscxcotx ) =secxtanx +cscxcotx
dx

#16. f ( x )=2 cos ( x 3−3 x )

f ' ( x )=−2 sin ⁡( x 3 −3)(3 x 2−3) (chain rule)

#18. f ( x )=cos2 (x 2−1) (use chain rule twice)

df
=2cos ( x 2−1 ) ( −sin ( x 2−1 ) ) ( 2 x ) (you don’t have to simplify from this step)
dx

¿−4 xcos ( x 2−1 ) sin ⁡( x 2−1)

#28. f ( x )= √ sinx+sin √ x
−1 −1
1 1
2 2( )
f ' ( x )= ( sinx ) 2 ( cosx )+ cos √ x x 2
(you don’t have to simplify from this

step)

cosx cos √ x
¿ +
2 √ sinx 2 √ x

#37. f ( x )=sin ⁡(2 x−1) cos ⁡(3 x+ 1)

df
=cos ( 2 x−1 ) ( 2 ) cos ( 3 x +1 ) +sin ( 2 x−1 ) (−sin ( 3 x +1 ) ) (3 )
dt

¿ 2 cos ( 2 x −1 ) cos (3 x +1 )−3 sin ( 2 x−1 ) sin ⁡(3 x+ 1)

#54. f ( x )=¿

' [ −3 sin 3 x ( 2 x3 −x )−( 6 x 2−1 ) ( 1+cos 3 x ) ]

f ( x )= 2
( 2 x 3−x )

#55. f ( x )=tan ( 1x )
f ' ( x )=sec 2 ( 1x )( −1x )
2

Section 4.6

#59. Suppose that the population size at time t is N ( t ) =e 2t ,t ≥ 0

a) What is the population size at time 0?

N ( 0 )=e2∗0 =1

dN
b) Show that dt =2 N
dN ' 2t dN
Because dt =N (t )=2 e and 2 N=2 e 2t , the left side dt equals to the right
side 2N.
dN
Thus, dt =2 N

#62. Suppose that a bacteria colony grows in such a way that at time t the population size is
N ( t ) =N ( 0 ) 2t where N(0) is the population size at time 0. Find the per capita growth rate.

N ' (t ) 2t
The per capita growth rate is defined as =N ( 0 ) ¿ ¿ (N (0) e is canceled)
N (t)

#67. Suppose W(t) denotes the amount of a radioactive material left after time t (measured in
days). Assume that the radioactive decay rate of the material is 4/day. Find the differential
equation for the radioactive decay function W(t).
The radioactive decay function is W ( t )=W 0 e− λt
Since the decay rate is 4/day, then λ=4. W ( t )=W 0 e−4 t
dW dW
=W 0 e−4 t (−4 ) ; =−4 W 0 e− 4 t
dt dt
#69. Suppose W(t) denotes the amount of a radioactive material left after t (measured in days).
Assume that the half-life of the material is 5 days. Find the differential equation for the
radioactive decay function W(t).

The radioactive decay function is W ( t )=W 0 e− λt. If the half-life is 5 days, then
1
W =W (5 )=W 0 e− λ∗5
2 0
Cancel W 0 on both sides and take ln,
1
ln ()
2
=ln e−5 λ

−5 λ=−ln 2
ln 2
λ= =0.139
5

dW
So W ( t )=W 0 e−0.139 t, then =W 0 e−0.139 t (−0.139)
dt
dW
=−0.139 W 0 e−0.139
dt

Section 4.7
#26. f ( x )=ln ( 4−3 x ) (chain rule)
1 −3
f ' ( x )= (−3 ) =
4−3 x 4−3 x

3
#34. f ( x )=( ln ( 1−x 2 ) )
2
' ( ln ( 1−x 2 ) ) ∗1
f ( x )=3 2
∗(−2 x ) (you don’t need to simplify form this step)
1−x
2
6 x ( ln ( 1−x2 ) )
¿− 2
1−x
# 38. f ( x )=ln ( 1+2 xx )
2 (chain rule and quotient rule)

1+ x2 ( 2
∗2 1+ x )−2 x∗2 x
1 2x ' 2x
f ' ( x )=
2x ( )
1+ x 2
=
( 2 x )2
(you don’t need to simplify from this step)

1+ x 2
( 1+ x2 ) ( 2−2 x 2 )
¿
8 x3

#44. f ( x )=ln ⁡(cos (1−x )) (chain rule)

1 ' 1
f ' ( x )= ( cos ( 1−x ) ) = (−sin ( 1−x ) (−1 ) )
cos ( 1−x ) cos ( 1−x )
sin ( 1−x )
¿
cos ( 1−x )

lnt
#50. h ( t )= (quotient rule)
1+ t 2
1
[ ( 1+t 2 )−2 tlnt 1 +t−2tlnt
]
t t
h' ( t ) = =
2 2 2
( 1+t ) ( 1+t2 )

Section 4.1
#39. A car moves along a straight road. Its location at time t is given by s ( t ) =20 t 2 , 0 ≤t ≤ 2, where t is
measured in hours and s(t) is measured in kilometers.
a) Graph s(t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
 Position
2.5

2
kilometers

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
time

b) Find the average velocity of the car between t=0 and t=2. Illustrate the average velocity on the
graph of s(t)

∆ s s ( 2 ) −s ( 0 ) 20∗22−0 80
Average velocity= = = = =40 kilometers /hour
∆t 2−0 2 2
The average velocity is the slope of the secant line going through the point (0,0) and (2,80).

#42. Suppose a particle moves along a straight line. The position at time t is given by
s ( t ) =3 t−t 2 , t ≥ 0

Where t is measured in seconds and s(t) is measured in meters.

a) Graph s(t) for t ≥ 0

 Position
2.5

2
kilometers

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
time

b) Use the graph in (a) to answer the following questions:

i) Where is the particle at time 0?
s ( 0 )=3∗0−02=0
At time 0, the particle is at the original point.

ii) Is there another time at which the particle visits the location where it was at time 0?
Yes, based on the graph, when t=3, the particle comes back to the location where it was
at time 0. s ( 3 )=3∗3−32=0

iii) How far to the right on the straight line does the particle travel?
According to the graph, the particle travels 2.25 kilometers to the right. S(t) reaches its
maximum when t=1.5, s ( 1.5 )=3∗1.5−1.5∗1.5=2.25 kilometers

iv) How far to the left on the straight line does the particle travel?
According to the graph, the particle travels 2.25 kilometers to the right.

v) Where is the velocity positive? Where negative? Equal to 0?

The velocity is v ( t )=s' (t )=3−2 t .
3
When 0<t < , v ( t )> 0
2
3
When t > , v ( t ) <0
2
3
When t= , v ( t )=0
2

c) Find the velocity of the particle.

 The velocity is v ( t )=s' (t )=3−2 t .
d) When is the velocity of the particle equal to 1m/s?
When the velocity is v ( t )=3−2t =1
t=1 hour

#44. Assume that N(t) denotes the size of a population at time t and that N(t) sagisfies the
dN
differential equation =rN where r is a constant.
dt
a) Find the per capita growth rate

The per capita growth rate is

N ' ( t ) rN
= =r
N (t) N

b) Assume that r<0 and that N(0)=20. Is the population size at time 1 greater than 20 or less than
20? Explain your answer.
The population size is less than 20 because the per capita growth rate is less than 0, that means
the population size is decreasing.