Pile Load Test

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED–ECC DIVISION
Project: 2x700 MW Rajpura Thermal Power
Report: Initial Pile Load Test (Main Plant Area)
Client : L&T Power Limited

Consultant : L&T Sargent & Lundy Ltd.
Contractor : Thermal Power Plant Construction
O12-F012-S-FE-
03 14/03/2011 Revised as per Wapcos report
FD-FG-0002
Revised as per TCE comments

O12-F012-S-FE-
02 03/01/2011 211 vide letter reference no.:
FD-FG-0002 TCE.6098A-CV-VDT-108
O12-F012-S-FE-
01 08/12/2010 11 Issued for Approval
FD-FG-0002
O12-F012-S-FE-
00 03/11/2010 06 Issued for Comment
FD-FG-0002
Prepared Checked Approved
No. of
Rev Date Document No. Status by by by
Pages AMIN JJA Dr. KSR
Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 1 of 243

INDEX
1. Introduction
1.1. General - 3
1.2. Objective - 3
1.3. General Sub-Soil Profile - 3
2. Initial Vertical Load Test Analysis
2.1. Pile details & Initial load test - 4
2.2. Load test results interpretation - 6
2.3. Discussion - 7
3. Initial Lateral Load Test Analysis
3.2. Discussion - 11
4. Initial Pull Out Load Test Analysis
4.2. Discussion - 14
5. Recommendations - 15
Annexure-I: Wapcos Report

Annexure-II: Typical Borehole
Annexure-III: Test pile installation summary
Annexure-IV: Field load –settlement data for vertical load tests
Annexure-V: Literature & sample calculation – Decourt Extrapolation method
Annexure-VI: Sample calculation – ultimate pile capacities
Annexure-VII: Field load –displacement data for lateral load tests
Annexure-VIII: Field load –displacement data for pull out load tests

1. Introduction:
1.1. General:
Nabha Power Limited (NPL) a wholly-owned company of Punjab State Electricity Board (PSEB) has
entrusted Larsen & Toubro Ltd. to construct 2x700 MW Rajpura Thermal Power Project at Rajpura,
Punjab.
The bored cast in situ (BCIS) piles are recommended as a foundation system for this project. To
confirm the pile capacity, various diameters of pile are installed in different length as per drawing
no. L570000-VA02-00-ZEN-160001 (Rev. 02) and subsequently load tests are carried out.
1.2. Objective:
Based on the load test results, the pile lengths for the design loads are recommended in the Rev.02
of this document. In that recommendation, ground water table (GWT) at existing ground level (EGL)
has been taken into consideration as a general design practice. However, in Rajpura project site the
GWT is observed at around 30m below EGL during soil investigation and in course of Bored cast-in-
situ (BCIS) piling works at site.
By considering GWT at EGL, the recommended pile capacity was very much lower than the obtained
pile capacity from the initial pile load test results.
Hence, FGEC suggested to the client (L&T Power Limited) to engage a specialist agency to study on
GWT variation for Rajpura project site and the client engaged M/s WAPCOS Ltd.
M/s WAPCOS Ltd. has submitted their report and it concluded that the plant area is “safe from rise
of water level” i.e. no likelihood of rise of GWT in the plant area. The report is enclosed as
Annexure-I. Based on the M/s WAPCOS report, pile capacity is revised and given in this report.
This report pertains to the load results and recommendation on pile lengths for the required design
for main plant area. However, the load results and recommendation on pile lengths for the required
design load for NDCT & Chimney is given in Doc. No. O11-F012-S-FE-FD-FG-0005.
1.3. General Sub-Soil Profile:
The general subsoil profile is described below

Layer-I: silty Clay
The thickness of this layer varies from 3.0 to 4.5m below Exiting Ground level (EGL) and SPT N value
varies from 9 to 56.
Layer-II: Sandy/ clayey silt
This layer is obtained subsequent to the above layer. The thickness of this layer varies from 3.0 to
42.0 and SPT N value varies from 11 to 86.
Layer-III: Silty Sand/ clayey sand

The above layer is underlined by silty sand /clayey sand and the boreholes are terminated in this
layer. STP N value varies from 16-100 in this layer.
A typical borehole is enclosed as Annexure –II.
2. Initial Vertical Load Test Analysis
2.1. Pile Details & Initial load tests:
The Table 1 below shows the details of test pile installed & initial load test.
Table-1: Initial pile load test details for main plant area
Pile length Gross
Pile Gr. Pile Dia Design Test Load
Sl. No. Area below COL settlement
No. (mm) Load (MT) (MT)
(m)* (mm)
1 I 1000 Boiler Unit#1 27.0 300 770 10.37
Power House Blg,
2 II 1000 29.0 300 819 19.29
Unit#1
3 III 1000 Boiler Unit#2 25.0 300 819 35.28
Power House Blg,
4 IV 1000 25.0 300 819 28.23
Unit#2
Power House Blg,
5 V 750 27.0 200 523 6.77
Unit #1 &Unit#2
Power House Blg,
6 VI 600 22.0 110 353 33.50
Unit #1 &Unit#2
*COL=Pile cut off level=3.0m below EGL for main plant area.
The summary of initial test piles installation is enclosed as Annexure-III.
Load vs gross settlement curve for 100mm, 750mm and 600mm dia piles are given in Fig.1, Fig.2 and
Fig.3 respectively. The field load –settlement data signed by site engineer for initial vertical tests are
enclosed as Annexure-IV.

Load (ton)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
Group-I
Gross Settlement (mm)
20.00 Group-II
Group-III
25.00
Group-IV
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
Fig.-1: Load –Settlement curves for 1000mm dia pile (vertical load test)
Load (MT)
0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00
0.00
10.00
20.00
Settlement (mm)
30.00 Gr.-V
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
Fig.-2: Load –settlement curves for 750mm dia pile (vertical load test)

Load (MT)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
0
10
20
Settlement (mm)
GROUP - VI
30
40
50
60
Fig.-3: Load –Settlement curves for 600mm dia pile (vertical load test)
2.2. Load test results interpretation:

2.2.1. Load test analysis according to IS 2911 (Part-IV)
According to IS 2911 (part-IV) clause 6.5.1, the safe pile capacity should be least of the following
a) Two-thirds of the final load at which the total displacement attains a value of 12 mm.
b) 50 percent of the final load at which the total displacement equal 10 percent of the pile
diameter in case of uniform diameter.
Based on the above criteria, the safe pile capacity is much higher than design load of 300 MT.
2.2.2. Philosophy of load test interpretation
The below steps are followed to determine the ultimate pile capacity at bulk condition and to
established general soil model.
Step-1
The ultimate pile capacity is determined according to Decourt Extrapolation method (1999) at the
bulk condition (GWT at around 30.0m below EGL). The literature and sample calculation is enclosed
as Annexure-V.
Step-2
Based on the soil parameters obtained from borehole and soil classification as per CPT data the
ultimate pile capacity is calculated by considering GWT at 30.0 below EGL.
Step-3
The calculated theoretical ultimate pile capacity is moderated by revising the soil classification from
“sandy silts” to “clayey silts and silty clays” where it was a border case and a soil model is
generated.

The sample calculation of ultimate pile capacity for step-2 is enclosed as Annexure-VI.
The Table-2 below shows the ultimate pile capacity.
Table-2: The ultimate pile capacity
Borehole Ultimate Pile Capacity (MT)
Sl. Pile Gr. No. Pile dia Pile length from
Area From Load Test Bulk Condition
No No (mm) COL (m)
(Step-1) (theoretical)
1 I Boiler Unit#1 BH-116 1000 27.0 982 1085

Power House BH-123 1225
2 II 1000 29.0 1295
Blg, Unit#1
3 III Boiler Unit#1 BH-121 1000 25.0 841 863
Power House BH-124 1108
4 IV 1000 25.0 1153
Blg, Unit#2
Power House Blg, BH-118 774
5 V 750 27.0 746
Unit#1 & Unit#2
Power House Blg, 370
6 VI BH-116 600 22.0 374
Unit#1 & Unit#2
2.3. Discussion
2.3.1.Pile diameter of 1000mm:

2.3.1.1. Unit #1
From Table-2, the ultimate pile capacity for bulk condition is 1085 MT & 1295 MT for the pile
length of 27.0m & 29.0m (below COL) respectively at Unit #1 area. According to IS 2911 (part-IV),
the factor of safety (FOS) of 2.0 can be applied over failure load/ultimate pile capacity to determine
safe pile capacity. Based on the above criteria, safe pile capacity for 27.0m & 29.0 m pile lengths
are 542 MT & 647 MT respectively. Hence, the pile length can be optimized to obtain the deign
load of 300 MT for unit #1 area.
2.3.1.2. Unit #2
From Table-2, the ultimate pile capacity for bulk condition is 863 MT & 1153 MT for the pile length
of 25.0m (below COL) and as per IS criteria the safe pile capacities are 431 MT and 576 MT
respectively. Hence, the pile length can be optimized to obtain the deign load of 300 MT for unit #2
area.
Pile diameter of 750mm:

2.3.1.3. Unit#1 &Unit #2
Similar analysis is carried out and the ultimate and safe pile capacities are 746 MT and 248 MT
respectively at bulk condition. Hence, the pile length can be optimized to obtain the deign load of
200 MT for unit#1 & unit#2 areas.

Pile diameter of 600mm:
2.3.1.4. Unit#1 &Unit #2
Similar analysis is carried out and the ultimate and safe pile capacities are 374 MT and 187 MT
respectively at bulk condition. Hence, the pile length can be optimized to obtain the deign load of
100 MT for unit#1 & unit#2 areas.

3. Initial Lateral Load Test Analysis
The Table 3 below shows the details of test pile installed and initial load test.
Table-3: Initial pile load test (Lateral) details

Design
Pile length Gross
Pile Gr. Pile Dia Load Test Load
Sl. No. Area below COL displacement
No. (mm) (MT)(fixed (MT)
(m)* (mm)
head)
1 I 1000 Boiler Unit#1 27.0 15.0 37.5 3.29
Power House
2 II 1000 29.0 15.0 37.5 8.29
Blg, Unit#1
3 III 1000 Boiler Unit#1 25.0 15.0 37.5 1.68
Power House
4 IV 1000 25.0 15.0 37.5 2.11
Blg, Unit#2
Power House
5 V 750 Blg, Unit #1 27.0 12.5 32.2 1.79
&Unit#2
Power House
6 VI 600 Blg, Unit #1 22.0 7.0 18.4 2.26
&Unit#2
Load vs gross displacement curve for 1000mm, 750mm and 600mm dia piles are given in Fig.4 and
Fig.5, Fig. 6 respectively. The field load –displacement data signed by site engineer for initial lateral
test is enclosed as Annexure-VII.
Load (Ton)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
Gr.-I
Dispalcement (mm)
4
Gr.-II
Gr.-IV
6
Gr.-III
10
12
Fig.-4: Load –Displacement curves for 1000mm dia pile (Lateral load test)

Load (MT)
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
0.00
Dispalcement (mm) 2.00
4.00
Gr.-V
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Load (MT)
0 5 10 15 20
0
4
Displacement (mm)
Gr.VI
6
10
12

3.2. Discussion
According to IS 2911 (part-IV) clause 7.4, the safe pile capacity should be least of the following
a) Fifty percent of the final load at which the total displacement increases to 12 mm.
b) Final load at which the total displacement corresponds to 5 mm.
c) Load corresponding to any other specified displacement as per performance requirements.
From Table-3 for 1000mm dia pile, the gross displacement is varying from 2.11mm to 8.29mm for
the test load of 37.5 MT for unit# 1 and Unit#2 area. Fig-4 shows, 5mm displacement at 30MT load
for the test results of Gr.-II.
Hence, safe load carrying capacity at free head condition is 30 MT which is much higher than design
load.
By carrying out similar analysis it also can be concluded that for 750mm & 600mm dia pile, the
achieved lateral capacities are much higher than the required design load of 12.5MT & 7.0 MT
respectively under fixed head condition.

4. Initial Pull Out Load Test Analysis
The Table 4 below shows the details of test pile installed and initial load test.
Table-4: Initial pile load test (pull out) details for main plant area
Pile length Gross
Pile Gr. Pile Dia Design Test Load
Sl. No. Area below COL settlement
No. (mm) Load (MT) (MT)
(m)* (mm)
1 I 1000 Boiler Unit#1 27.0 50 130.7 2.87
Power House
2 II 1000 29.0 50 130.7 3.24
Blg, Unit#1
3 III 100 Boiler Unit#2 25.0 50 130.7 2.27
Power House
4 IV 1000 25.0 50 130.7 3.94
Blg, Unit#2
Power House
5 V 750 Blg, Unit #1 27.0 40 116.16 2.23
&Unit#2
Power House
6 VI 600 Blg, Unit #1 22.0 22 61.71 2.53
&Unit#2
* COL= Pile cut off level =3.0m below existing ground level (EGL)
Load vs gross displacement curve for 1000mm, 750mm & 600mm dia piles are given in Fig.7, Fig.8 &
Fig.9 respectively. The field load –displacement data signed by site engineer is enclosed as
Annexure-VII.

Load (MT)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
Gr.-I
Displacement (mm)
10 Gr.-II
Gr.III
Gr.-IV
15
20
25
Fig.-7: Load – Displacement curves for 1000mm dia pile (Pull out load test)
Load (MT)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0
2
Displacement (mm)
4
Gr.V
6
10
12

Load (MT)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
4
Displacement (mm)
Gr. VI
6
10
12
4.2. Discussion
From Table-4, the gross displacement is varying from 2.27mm to 3.94mm for the final test load.
According to IS 2911 (Part-4) clause 8.4, the safe pile capacity should be least of the following
a) Two-thirds of the load at which the total displacement is 12 mm or the load corresponding
to a specified permissible uplift.
b) Half of the load at which the load-displacement curve shows a clear break (downward
trend).
To carry out load test interpretation, none of the above criteria is attained by test results.
However, the load interpretation can be done from the established soil model from vertical load
test results.
TheTable-5 below shows the ultimate pull out capacity.

Table-5: The ultimate pull out pile capacity
Sl. Pile dia Pile length from Ultimate Pile Capacity
Pile Gr. No Area
No (mm) COL (m)
1 I Boiler Unit#1 1000 27.0 493

2 II Power House Blg, Unit#1 1000 29.0 563
3 III Boiler Unit#2 1000 25.0 513
4 IV Power House Blg, Unit#2 1000 25.0 513
Power House Blg, Unit #1
5 V 750 27.0 249
&Unit#2
Power House Blg, Unit #1
6 VI 600 22.0 199
&Unit#2
From Table-5 for 1000 mm dia pile, the ultimate pull out pile capacity for bulk condition is 493 MT,
563 MT & 513 MT for the pile length of 27.0m, 29.0m & 25.0m (below COL) respectively.
Considering the criteria given in IS 2911(Part-IV) and applying the factor of safety (FOS) of 2.0 the
safe pull out pile capacity from the above pile load test results is much higher than required design
load of 50MT.
By carrying out similar analysis it also can be concluded that for 750mm & 600mm dia pile, the
achieved pull out capacities are much higher than the required design load of 40 MT & 22 MT
respectively.
Hence, the pile length can be optimized to obtained the required deign loads.
5. Recommendations :
As discussed in the clause 2.4, clause 3.2 & clause 4.2 the piles are optimized and the
recommendations are given in Table-6 below.
Table-6: Recommendation on pile capacities and pile lengths
Pile Pile Length Reduction in Recommended Pile Capacity (MT)
Sl.
Area Dia below COL recommended Lateral (fixed
No Vertical Pull out
(mm) (m)* pile lengths (m)# head)
1 Unit#1 1000 22.0 5.0 300 15.0 50
2 Unit #2 1000 20.0 4.0 300 15.0 50
Power House
3 Blg, Unit #1 750 20.0 6.0 200 12.5 40
&Unit#2
Power House
4 Blg, Unit #1 600 15.0 7.0 100 7.0 22
&Unit#2
# Reduction in recommended pile lengths from the previous revision (Rev.02) of this document and
refer clause 1.2.

Annexure-I
(Wapcos Report)

THERMAL POWER PLANT RAJPURA
FINAL REPORT
ON EXISTING GROUND WATER CONDITIONS AND EXPECTED CHANGE IN
WATER TABLE SCENARIO AFTER COMPLETION AND COMMISIONING OF THE
THERMAL POWER PLANT AT RAJPURA, DISTRICT PATIALA, PUNJAB
1.0 Introduction
A Thermal Power Plant (TPP) is proposed at Rajpura in Patiala district of Punjab. The
water supply to the plant shall be from canal. There is proposal to use ground water for
the plant except that some water for domestic purposes may be extracted from ground
water reservoir in later stages of project operation.
.
2.0 Scope of Study
The scope of work includes study of water table under various scenarios of plant
construction sand operations.
i) Before construction of plant. Influence of aquifer utilization by deep well pumping etc.
based on annual rainfall over the basin.
ii) Effect of changing scenario after construction and commissioning of power plant due to
stoppage of pumping of ground water.
iii) Effect of leakage from reservoir to the water level and plant area.
iv) Effect of cooling tower tank leakages on ground water levels.
v) Changes in the neighbourhood of plant such as canal storage reservoir on water table.
vi) Possible scenario that may contribute to rise of water table.
vii) Likelihood rise in the water table and magnitude of rise from existing level of about 30 m
below land surface.
3.0 Location
The TPP site occupies 4 km2 in almost rectangular shape within North lat 30º32’54.67”
and 30º34’0.77”4.2 and East Longitude 76º33’42.95” and 76º35’0.44”. It is located about
6 km north west of Rajpura town of Patiala District. Rajpura is 42 km from Chandigarh on
Patiala road.
The landscape is monotonously flat with an imperceptible slope towards south. The
altitude of the site is around 269.5 meters above mean sea level. The level contour map
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WAPCOS
of the area does not show any decipherable features. The land altitude in the
northeastern corner is around 270 m that drops to 270 m within a small distance and
then remains in the 269.5 to 270 m range and then drops to 269 m near southwest
corner. There is practically no natural drainage close to the TPP site. Narwana Branch of
Bhakra Main line Canal is located southwest of the site at about 7 km from the site.
Rajpura Distributary canal flowing almost in N-S direction exist adjacent to the western
border of the site. One or two artificial drains pass through the site. One such drain is
close to northern border which is extension of natural stream that almost terminates at
Sadhrowar village. This ephemeral stream is known as Narainanwala choa. The major
drainage in the area is the perennial river Ghaggar located 19 km east of the site.
4.0 CLIMATE
The area experiences continental type of climate with hot summers and cool winters.
The summer period is from mid April to June followed by raining season till mid
September. It is followed by a pleasant season before the onset of winter in mid
November that lasts till February end.
4.1 Temperatures
The day mean temperature rises to above 44C in the month of May and June and drops
to less than 8C in the month of January.
4.2 Rainfall:
The normal rainfall data of IMD station Chandigarh shows that rainfall is distributed over
the year but above 80% rainfall is in the monsoon period extending from July to
September. The annual normal rainfall at the TPP site is 766 mm. Out of this 624 mm is
during monsoon period from southwest monsoon and the remaining is during winter from
disturbances in the Mediterranean Sea area.
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5.0 GROUND WATER GEOLOGY
5.1 Geological Environ:

The TPP site forms a part of the vast Indo-Ganga alluvial plain and is occupied by
geological formations of Recent age. Alluvium is derived from the Himalayan mountains
and rests on the consolidated basement of metamorphic rocks of Pre – Cambrian era.
These alluvial formations have been deposited by meandering rivers and streams in
geological past on the sinking basement. The alluvium comprises unconsolidated
sediments, which are heterogeneous in composition. The overall thickness of these
sediments is not precisely known but is likely to be above 2000m as per ONGC.
The sub-surface geology or the lithology of the alluvium in the area is known through the
boreholes drilled in and around the site. The alluvium in the area comprises alternating
layers (beds) of clays and sands of various grades admixed with kankar. The sand beds
encountered in the borehole drilled down to 275 m at Naina Ugani village towards
southwest of the TPP site is given below..
Depth range
(Meters) Thickness Strata
below (meters)
ground level
From To
15.5 17.0 1.5 Fine to medium sand
39.0 43.0 4.0 Fine to Medium sand
50.5 55.0 4.5 Very fine sand
69.0 72.5 3.5 Medium sand
86.0 91.2 5.2 Medium sand pebbles
102.0 105.0 3.0 Fine sand
133.0 137.5 4.5 Medium to coarse sand
151.0 155.5 4.5 Very fine sand
174.5 180.0 5.5 Fine sand
209.0 217.0 8.0 Medium sand
244.4 257.0 12.6 Medium to coarse sand
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The above strata chart shows that there exist 11 sand beds down to 275 m depth. The
thickness of the sand beds varies from about 2- 12.6 m. There is only one sand bed
down to 39 m depth and that too is dry. Below 39 m a good number of sand beds exist.
100 boreholes of 45 m depth were reported drilled by project authorities for soil
investigation. The data of only 69 boreholes was made available with location as BH
101- BH 169 and soil profile including depth to water level in each borehole. 23 of these
boreholes are located in the grid area of 2200 – 2900 east and 2300 – 2800 north and
24 close to this area and rest scattered over the area (Figure-1). The 47 boreholes are
evenly distributed over and around this area (Figure-3). The typical soil profile of few of
these boreholes is as under:
Strata Depth range (m)

From To
BH No 101 Coordinates N 2805 E 2460
Clayey silt 0.0 16.5
Silty sand 16.5 22.5
Silty sand micaceious 42.0 45.0
Water level 30 m
BH No.102 Coordinates N 2805 E 2720

Silty clay 0.0 4.5
Sandy silt with clay 4.5 6.0
Sandy silt 18.0 19.5
Water level 29.80 m

Clayey silt with sand 27.0 34.5
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Water level 28.55 m

From To
Clayey silt with sand 0.0 18.0
Water level 28.8m

Silty clay 0.0 4.5
Silt sand 4.5 10.5
Silty sand with clay 10.5 13.5
Silt clay 25.5 41.0
Water level 27.90 m

Silty clay 0.0 4.5
Clayey silt 4.5 7.5
Silty clay 7.5 13.5
Silty clay 16.5 19.5
Water level 28.80 m

Silty Clay 0.0 3.0
Water level 28.58 m

Silty clay 0.0 4.5
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WAPCOS
Silt sand 4.5 10.5

Silty sand with clay 10.5 13.5
Silt clay 25.5 41.0
Water level 27.90 m
From To Strata
Silty clay 0.0 3.0

Water level 28.98 m
The study of the above borehole data shows that down to around 40 m depth the sub
soil strata is essentially clays with minor beds of silty sand. This picture is depicted in
two cross sections drawn and given as Figure - 2.
The rest of the borehole data was also analysed but no regular pattern of aquifer or sand
strata even at close interval could be depicted. In many boreholes such as 150,154, 158,
159 etc thick beds of sandy silt or silty sand are found to exist close to boreholes with no
such strata. In most boreholes a micacieous sand bed around 40 m depth was
encountered but it is seen to be missing in many boreholes. With these anamolies it is
difficult to draw cross section of geological strata.
Further the deep borewells in the area show existence of potential aquifers in the depth
range down to 91 m and below it down to 140 m. Most of the 62 farmers tubewells
located in the TPP area are either of 91 m or in some cases of 140 m depth.
.
5.3 Water Levels:
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WAPCOS
The water level in the area is fairly deep. The boreholes done for soil testing show the
water level at 26.26 m to 32.01 m below ground level however a large percentage of
these show water level in the 27 - 30 m depth range. When the water level is plotted on
the geological section, it is observed that the water level is in many boreholes are in the
clay strata.
It is slightly difficult to understand as to how the water level is struck in the clay bed. The
only possible explanation could be that this water level is after the borehole is completed
down to 45 m depth. Under these conditions the aquifer below 40 m depth which is
under confined conditions can raise the water to around 30 m.
In the area there is no unconfined aquifer because as per definition in an unconfined

aquifer the water table is exposed to the atmosphere through openings in the overlying
material. But here in general the top layer to many meters is comprised of clay
sediments that are impervious. Thus in the area there exist no water table. The water
level encountered in the boreholes or wells is piezometric level of the aquifers lying at
deeper level than the water level. When these are punchered the water level rises to
height equal to the pressure in the aquifer.
In the existing tubewells spread over the site some 11 measurements were taken on 4-
02-2011 and the same are given below and shown in map of the site.
Tubewell No. Water level Water level

(m. below measuring point) (m. below ground)
5/6 38.78 38.28
8/9/10 37.16 37.86
19 36.60 35.60
46 33.60 33.00
Near 55 34.47 34.00
47 31.93 31.50
50 33.15 32.75
58 33.15 32.75
59 32.84 32.50
60 34.92 34.52
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The above data shows that the water level lies below 31 - 38 m below land surface
which is deeper than recorded during soil testing. To The depth of tubewells is not
known precisely but as there are 91 m and 137 m depth wells it is very likely that the
deeper level pertain to deeper well.
To study the water levels in the area a cross section is prepared along some soil testing
holes and the existing tubewells. In this section (Figure-4) it can be seen that whereas
the water level exist around 30 m depth in the soil testing boreholes it is 34 to 38 m in
the existing tubewells that are located nearby. From this it can be concluded that the
water levels of the existing tubewells is at deeper level. Further, the data of water supply
tubewells of Govt. that are more than 250 m deep the water level stands around 45 m
depth.
The study of the above data suggest that there exist a vertical downward hydraulic
gradient meaning that the each successive deeper aquifer has water level or piezometric
head deeper than the overlying aquifer.
5.4 Water Level Trends

Record of water table of a dug well at Rajpura shows that the water levels are almost
stable from 1980 to 1995 when the observations here were stopped. This data shows
that water table in the area is fluctuating in the 12 to 15 depth range and no trend of
water levels can be deciphered (Fifure-5)
Water level data of a dug well at Rajpura town
Year Water level (m) below Year Water level (m) below
ground level ground level
1980 13.67 1988 15.13

1981 11.79 1989 13.60
1982 13.48 1990 12.32
1983 13.55 1991 12.15
1984 13.28 1992 14.77
1985 14.38 1993 13.89
1986 14.43 1994 13.29
1987 14.25 1995 13.01
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
During 2005 a peizometer was installed at Rajpura down to about 60 m depth. The water
level in this that it stood around 20 m in 2009 but fell to 22 m in 2011. But the data is too
short to arrive on the trend of water level.
6.0 GROUND WATER BALANCE
As per the latest estimation by the Govt. of Punjab, the annual ground water balance of
the Rajpura block is as under:
Recharge
Recharge due to rainfall (monsoon) = 65.80 MCM
Recharge due to rainfall (non-monsoon) = 12.48 MCM
Recharge from other sources (monsoon) = 48.38 MCM
Recharge from other sources (non-monsoon) = 17.02 MCM
Potential recharge = 0.0 MCM
Total Annual Recharge = 143.67 MCM
(As the water level fluctuation method gave the monsoon rainfall recharge too high, the same was
considered un-realistic and hence a little lesser reliable ad-hoc method has been used for
calculating recharge from monsoon rainfall)
Total recharge for irrigation @ 90% of total recharge = 129.31 MCM

Reserved for domestic and industrial use@ 10% of total recharge = 14.37 MCM
Ground Water Draft
Gross ground water annual draft for irrigation = 152.31 MCM
Gross ground water annual draft for domestic and industry = 5.20 MCM
Ground Water Balance in the Rajpura Block

Total irrigation recharge (129.31) – gross irrigation draft (152.31) = (-) 23.00 MCM
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
The negative sign in water balance shows that there is irrigation over draft in the Rajpura
block by 23 MCM per annum. This over draft has resulted in declining water level trends
in the shallow water levels over the block.
Stage of Ground Water Development for Irrigation

{Net irrigation draft (152.31) / Net irrigation recharge (129.31)} x 100 = 117.8 %
This stage of ground water development means that recharge in the area is less than
extraction of ground water. This means that ground water shall deplete with passage of
time. And this depletion shall result in decline of water levels.
7.0 ANALYSIS OF THE DATA COLLECTED AND SUPPLIED
7.1 Water Level Rise

The past record of 30 years of water levels in the area along with the stage of ground
water extraction in the Rajpura block which stands at 117.8 % strongly suggest that the
ground water levels shall in the block of Rajpura are unlikely to rise in foreseeable future.
The stoppage of pumping of 60 odd wells is not likely to make any appreciable fall in the
stage of ground water extraction. Many new tubewells in the surrounding area are
coming up each year to maintain agricultural production. New tubewells are being
located for water supply purposes.
There is substantial requirement of water from outside the area for operational purposes.
A canal is proposed to bring this water tot the huge tanks in the southwestern corner of
the site. The canal shall be lined and all measures to arrest percolation of water from the
storage tanks shall be practiced thus, chances of percolation of water to the under
ground system are very low. However, the lithology of the under ground system down to
about 40 m depth is clays with thin layers of sandy silt or silty sand. Such strata is having
very low to negligible vertical hydraulic conductivity or permeability. Currently the water
levels stand at 26 to 32 m below land surface for the aquifer zone at about 38-40 m
depth. Any rise in water levels due to percolation of water from storage tanks require
certain specific data in terms of leakage factor from tanks, depth the tanks, and the
entire section of strata below the tanks. Currently the available information is on strata
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
only. This strata suggest very low to negligible percolation rate. However, considering all
measures to taken to prohibit percolation from thanks it is very unlikely that water shall
reach the 38 m level aquifer to cause rise of water level from present 26-32 m depth in
next 20-30 years or so.
The ground water flow direction in the area is from northeast to southeast. Thus, any
recharge taking place near the storage tanks shall not affect rise of table in the rest of
the site area. It shall have tendency to go away from the site in southeast direction.
7.0 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the studies carried out the following conclusions are drawn.
1. The water table in the plant site of the Rajpura thermal plant area does not exist
as there is no unconfined aquifer in the first 40 m depth.
2. Any rain fall in the area resulted in pools of water over the surface and the same
at many places remain for long periods till the water is evaporated. This shows
that water is not absorbed by the sediments. The only way the land is drying is
due to evaporation.
3. The depth water level as reported in soil testing report is around 26-32 m below
land surface but in general it is around 30 m depth except in the southwestern
corner where it is 26-28 m below land surface.
4. The water level contours do not show any specific orientation of ground water flow
direction etc.
5. In the 91 deep tubewells the water levels are around 33m.
6. In the 140 m deep tubewells the water levels are around 37-38 m.
7. This shows that water levels in deeper aquifers are deeper than in shallower
aquifers.
8. Most of the pumpage in the area is for irrigation and the depth of exploitation is
limited to 91-137 m.
9. The shallow ground water levels in the area are showing marginal declining trend
in the last decade.
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
10. The ground water balance of Rajpura Block shows over exploitation of the
resource.
11. Stoppage of pumpage of few wells in the Block is unlikely to cause any
measurable change in current water levels in the area.
12. Any activity of storage of surface water, construction of new canal etc is unlikely
to seep into ground as the strata down to around 40 m depth is essentially
impermeable clays or silty clays.
13. Similarly any leakages taking place from storage tank or cooling towers is unlikely
to cause rise in water level.
14. The storage tanks of the plant are located in the downstream side of ground
water flow which is northeast southwest direction are any addition of water to the
aquifers there is unlikely to affect rise of water level in rest of the site area.
15. Any construction activity or change in land use pattern is not likely to result in rise
of water level in the plant area.
16. From the above conclusions the entire site area falling within 900-3200 N and
900-3000 E coordinates can be considered safe from the rise of water level in
foreseeable future.
>>>>>>.
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
Figure-5
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
WAPCOS
Annexure-II
(Typical Borehole)

BORELOG
PROJECT :Rajpura Thermal Power Plant, Punjab

Coordinate :
Boring method : Rotary With mud circulation N:2460 Record of:BH-116 BH-116
E: 2445
Boring diameter :150mm up to 45m Area : Sheet : 1/3
Orientation : Bed level :269.806 m
Casing diameter : 150 mm upto 2.0m
Vertical (Reduced level)
Water level :29.21 Date Commenced : 20.01.10
Boring equipment: KME 300 Hyd Feed m Date Completed : 23.01.10
Samples and In-situ test Casing depth, water depth, TCR RQD Date & Depth, Depth From
Description of Strata Soil Group
(Level) (Level) % % (Level) EGL
Depthm Type & Value
1.50 4/7/11=18*
Very Stiff Brownish Silty CLAY CH
3.00
3.00 12/16/16=32*
4.50 13/15/17=32*
6.00 6/7/8=15*
Hard to Stiff Brownish Clayey SILT ML

7.50 7/8/9=17*
9.00 UDS
10.50 4/5/7=12*
12.00
12.00 4/5/6=11*
Stiff Brownish Silty CLAY CL

13.50 5/5/6=11*
15.00
15.00 5/7/8=15*
Medium Dense Brownish Sandy

16.50 9/11/13=24* SILT
ML
18.00
18.00 8/10/15=25*
Very Stiff Brownish Clayey SILT
19.50 9/10/12=22*
Remarks : *SPT Value DS - Disturbed Samples - 27 NOS

Bore hole Terminated at 45.0m
Bore hole terminated at 45.0m UDS - Undisturbed Samples - 1 Nos

BORELOG
Coordinate :
E: 2445
Depth m Type & Value (Level) (Level) % % (Level) EGL
21.00 7/12/15=27*
Very Stiff Brownsih Silty CLAY CL

22.50 8/10/13=23*
24.00
24.00 8/9/9=18*
25.50 9/10/11=21*
27.00 10/11/12=23*
28.50 11/11/13=24*
30.00 10/12/14=26*
Very Stiff Hard Brownish Clayey
SILT
ML
31.50 16/24/26=50*
33.00 12/15/18=33*
35.00 14/17/21=38*
37.00 12/16/23=39* 37.00
Medium Dense to Dense Brownish

Sandy SILT
39.00
39.00 14/18/25=43*
Very Dense Brownish Silty SAND

SM
with Mica
41.00 16/20/28=48*


BORELOG
Coordinate :
E: 2445
Depth m Type & Value (Level) (Level) % % (Level) EGL
43.00 28/50 for 10cm

Very Dense Brownish Silty SAND
SM
with Mica
45.00 36/50 for 8cm

45.00


Annexure-III
(Test pile installation summary)

RAJPURA THERMAL POWER PROJECT
BCIS TEST PILE INSTALLATION SUMMARY
Piling Duration Concrete consumption details

Diameter Boring Depth of
Group / Depth of
Sl. No. Pile No. of pile in Contractor Piling rig adopted Dry / pile from Start End Bore Consumption in Cum Remarks
Location bore Boring Cage Total Average Concrete
mm Wet COL cleaning / Concreting
Date Time Date Time duration loweirng Duration Theoretical Actual Variation Variation from
Flushing
1 I TP-V1 1000 Mait HR 180 Wet 30.5 28.3 28-Jul-10 14:15 29-Jul-10 19:00 02:45 02:30 00:30 04:30 10:15 23.95 26.5 10.6% Batching
Plant
TP-P1 Mait HR 180 Wet 30.0 28.3 2-Jul-10 14:30 3-Jul-10 19:45 05:15 01:10 00:30 02:35 09:30 23.56 29 23.1% Batching
Plant
TP-L1 Mait HR 180 Wet 31.0 27.0 3-Jul-10 14:30 28-Jul-10 08:30 18:00 02:30 00:30 06:45 03:45 24.35 29.5 21.2% Batching Concreting hampered due to heavy
Plant rain and concreting resumed back
on 27th July 19:15 hrs.
2 II TP-V2 1000 Mait HR 180 Dry 32.0 30.3 4-Aug-10 10:50 5-Aug-10 10:40 23:50 02:13 04:35 06:38 25.13 33.5 33.3% Batching Boring has been stopped from
Plant 14:00hrs to 10:10 due to rain
TP-P2 Mait HR 180 Dry 31.6 30.3 30-Jul-10 10:00 3-Aug-10 11:20 01:20 03:10 04:01 08:31 24.83 30 20.8% Batching
Plant
TP-L2 Mait HR 180 Dry 31.8 29.0 6-Aug-10 10:30 6-Aug-10 13:30 03:00 02:55 03:06 09:01 23.56 26 10.3% Batching
Plant
3 III TP-V3 1000 Mait HR 180 Dry 27.4 26.3 16-Aug-10 10:00 16-Aug-10 12:10 02:10 01:40 01:56 05:46 21.52 23 6.9% Batching
Plant
TP-P3 Mait HR 180 Dry 27.4 26.3 12-Aug-10 11:30 12-Aug-10 14:40 03:10 03:00 01:03 07:13 21.52 23 6.9% Batching
Plant
TP-L3 Meher Mait HR 180 Dry 27.4 25.0 13-Aug-10 09:30 13-Aug-10 11:30 02:00 02:20 01:09 05:29 21.52 23 6.9% Batching
12.2%
Foundation Plant
4 IV TP-V4 1000 Mait HR 180 Dry 27.5 26.3 18-Aug-10 09:20 18-Aug-10 11:30 02:10 02:30 01:13 05:53 21.60 22.5 4.2% Batching
Plant
TP-P4 Mait HR 180 Dry 27.5 26.3 16-Aug-10 18:30 17-Aug-10 10:30 16:00 02:00 01:19 19:19 21.60 22.5 4.2% Batching
Plant
TP-L4 Mait HR 180 Dry 27.5 25.0 19-Aug-10 10:00 19-Aug-10 12:30 02:30 02:35 01:30 06:35 20.42 21.5 5.3% Batching
Plant
5 V TP-V5 750 Mait HR 180 Dry 28.99 27.8 11-Aug-10 11:30 11-Aug-10 16:30 05:00 01:50 01:20 08:10 12.81 14 9.3% Batching
Plant
TP-P5 Mait HR 180 Dry 28.99 27.8 25-Jul-10 14:30 26-Jul-10 22:15 07:45 01:15 03:55 12:55 12.81 14 9.3% Mini Batch
Mixer
TP-L5 Mait HR 180 Dry 28.99 27.0 8-Aug-10 10:30 8-Aug-10 13:30 03:00 02:55 03:06 09:01 12.37 14 13.2% Batching
Plant
6 VI TP-V6 600 Mait HR 180 Wet 24.0 23.0 18-Jun-10 16:00 19-Jun-10 23:50 07:50 01:40 00:15 02:30 12:15 6.79 7.7 13.5% Mini Batch
Mixer
TP-P6 Mait HR 180 Dry 24.0 23.0 16-Jun-10 19:36 17-Jun-10 05:50 10:14 00:30 04:20 15:04 6.79 7.15 5.4% Mini Batch
Mixer
TP-L6 Mait HR 180 Wet 24.0 22.0 22-Jun-10 08:00 22-Jun-10 11:30 03:30 01:29 00:40 03:41 09:20 6.50 7.45 14.6% Mini Batch
Mixer
7 NDCT TP-P3 750 Soilmec R416 Dry 30.3 28.5 5-Aug-10 15:30 6-Aug-10 10:30 19:00 01:15 02:40 22:55 13.38 20 49.5% Batching
Plant
TP-P5 Soilmec R416 Wet 30.3 28.5 30-Jul-10 10:20 30-Jul-10 12:25 02:05 02:15 00:35 02:28 07:23 13.39 19.5 45.7% Batching
Plant
TP-P4 Soilmec R416 Wet 30.3 26.0 4-Aug-10 10:15 5-Aug-10 09:30 23:15 00:45 00:30 03:06 03:36 13.38 18 34.6% Batching
BC Contractor 41.4%
Plant
8 CHIMNEY TP-P1 750 Soilmec R416 Wet 36.3 35.5 24-Jul-10 08:30 25-Jul-10 21:00 12:30 01:15 00:30 03:30 17:45 16.05 23 43.3% Mini Batch
Mixer
TP-L2 Soilmec R416 Wet 36.3 31.0 21-Jul-10 14:00 22-Jul-10 18:00 04:00 01:00 00:25 06:00 11:25 16.05 21.5 33.9% Mini Batch
Mixer

Annexure-IV
(Field load-settlement data for vertical load tests)


Pile Load Test

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LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED–ECC DIVISION

Project: 2x700 MW Rajpura Thermal Power

Report: Initial Pile Load Test (Main Plant Area)

Client : L&T Power Limited

Revised as per TCE comments

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 1 of 243

1.3. General Sub-Soil Profile - 3

2. Initial Vertical Load Test Analysis

2.1. Pile details & Initial load test - 4

2.2. Load test results interpretation - 6

3. Initial Lateral Load Test Analysis

3.1. Pile details & Initial load test - 9

4. Initial Pull Out Load Test Analysis

4.1. Pile details & Initial load test - 12

Annexure-I: Wapcos Report

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 2 of 243

1.3. General Sub-Soil Profile:

The general subsoil profile is described below

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 3 of 243

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 4 of 243

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 5 of 243

2.2. Load test results interpretation:

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 6 of 243

1 I Boiler Unit#1 BH-116 1000 27.0 982 1085

2.3.1.Pile diameter of 1000mm:

Pile diameter of 750mm:

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 7 of 243

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 8 of 243

Table-3: Initial pile load test (Lateral) details

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 9 of 243

Dispalcement (mm) 2.00

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 10 of 243

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 11 of 243

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 12 of 243

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 13 of 243

TheTable-5 below shows the ultimate pull out capacity.

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 14 of 243

1 I Boiler Unit#1 1000 27.0 493

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 15 of 243

Foundation & Geotechnical Engineering Cell (FGEC) Page 16 of 243

5.0 GROUND WATER GEOLOGY

5.1 Geological Environ:

Strata Depth range (m)

BH No.102 Coordinates N 2805 E 2720

BH No.104 Coordinates N 2535 E 2580

Clayey silt 0.0 27.0

Silty sand micaceious 42.0 45.0

Strata Depth range (m)

BH No.110 Coordinates N 2750 E 2200

BH No.111 Coordinates N 2535 E 2580

BH No 115 Coordinates N 2460 E 2310

BH No.110 Coordinates N 2750 E 2200

Silt sand 4.5 10.5

Silty clay 0.0 3.0

5.3 Water Levels:

In the area there is no unconfined aquifer because as per definition in an unconfined

Tubewell No. Water level Water level

5.4 Water Level Trends

1980 13.67 1988 15.13

6.0 GROUND WATER BALANCE

Total recharge for irrigation @ 90% of total recharge = 129.31 MCM

Ground Water Balance in the Rajpura Block

Stage of Ground Water Development for Irrigation