Europe’s shale gas bonanza? Don’t believe the hype http://www.euractiv.com/en/print/energy/europe-shale-gas-bona...

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Published on EurActiv (http://www.euractiv.com)
Source URL: http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/europe-shale-gas-bonanza-believe-hype-analysis-504640

Europe’s shale gas bonanza? Don’t

believe the hype
Published: 09 May 2011 | Updated: 10 May 2011

While Europe is becoming ever more enthusiastic about shale gas, domestic production of
this controversial energy source is unlikely to become a genuine game-changer for the EU
any time soon, writes Roderick Kefferpütz, a research fellow at the Centre for European
Policy Studies (CEPS).

This commentary was sent to EurActiv by Roderick Kefferpütz, an associate research

fellow at the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) and a political advisor to German
Green MEP Reinhard Bütikofer in the European Parliament.

Kefferpütz is also an associate at Berlin-based think-tank 'stiftung neue verantwortung'.

"Shale gas has undoubtedly been a game-changer in the United States, where it has
transformed the US gas market and contributed to a global gas glut. While its share of US
gas production was still in single digits in 2000, now, a decade later, shale gas is
responsible for about 20% of domestic production. But can this success story really be
exported to other regions, such as the European Union?

Hanging on the coattails of this American dream, energy majors such as ExxonMobil and
Shell have bought up prime shale acreage and first steps towards production are being
taken. Cuadrilla Resources spudded the first well in the UK last August, while noteworthy
drilling activities are also expected to take place this year in Germany, France and Poland.

In this context, it is unsurprising that Europe's enthusiasm for shale gas has grown apace
over the past year. However, the fact of the matter is that it is unlikely that the domestic
production of shale gas will become a true game-changer for the EU any time soon.

First, the EU lacks an experienced drilling workforce and equipment. The US itself is
actually now starting to face such bottlenecks. According to US industry players, it is
becoming increasingly difficult to find a fracturing crew, especially one at a decent price,
at the Eagle Ford shale play, for example, as pressure pumping equipment has not kept
up with demand.

If the US is already confronted with such constraints, how will Europe fare, where shale

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Europe’s shale gas bonanza? Don’t believe the hype http://www.euractiv.com/en/print/energy/europe-shale-gas-bona...

gas developments are still in their infancy?

Second, the economics of shale gas in the European Union are still highly uncertain,
particularly in the current context of significantly depressed prices as a result of the gas
glut. Reservations have already been expressed by some major energy companies in this
respect.

Third, Europe is more densely populated than the United States, which makes local
opposition that much more likely. Citizens' initiatives opposing the development of shale
gas are already starting to mushroom. This is particularly the case in Sweden, France and
Germany's most populous state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Last, but perhaps most importantly, are the environmental challenges associated with the
process of tapping shale gas, namely hydraulic fracturing, a process of blasting a mixture
of chemicals, sand and water to break up shale rock formations, which is believed to be
responsible for contaminating drinking water.

This issue is gaining increasing attention in the US, with a documentary movie entitled
'Gasland' having recently received an Oscar nomination. While the hype surrounding shale
gas continues to grow in the EU, lawmakers in the US are already adjusting their
legislation, becoming aware that, for some, shale gas has been a poisoned chalice.

The New York State Assembly, for example, has voted to put in place a temporary
moratorium on hydraulic fracturing due to water contamination fears until more
information on the safety and environmental concerns is available, while in West Virginia a
new bill has been advanced strictly regulating the drilling activities.

Attempts at the federal level to revive the FRAC Act, which would regulate the practice
under the existing Safe Drinking Water Act, can also not be excluded.

In the EU, the Commission, which has been behind the curve on this issue, is at last
undertaking a study to determine whether the regulatory framework is indeed sufficient to
deal with these challenges.

In the meantime, a report by the Tyndall Centre in the UK has, similar to actions in the
US, actually advocated putting in place a ban on shale drilling until more information is
available.

Seen in this context, it is unlikely that shale gas will revolutionise the European energy
landscape – but, with domestic efforts taking shape, neither will it leave Europe
untouched.

In its haste to replicate initial US shale gas successes, Europe would be well advised to
also take note of American efforts to deal with the challenges associated with this
controversial new resource."

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