1Tools

1.

by Lady Bridget, © 1998

Before listing the actual tools used in Wicca, and their properties, please take note:
YOU REALLY DON"T NEED ANYTHING AT ALL TO PRACTICE WICCA - EXCEPT
YOURSELF.
So then, why bother with tools at all? Some people don't. Some people have excellent
powers of concentration, focus, and will power and have trained themselves to perform
complete rituals in their mind. You can train yourself to do this with some effort. In the
meantime, the tools help you to concentrate, focus, and learn about yourself and your own
strengths and weaknesses. Tools let you know that you are now in ritual space; that it's time
to ground and let go of the mundane world, and prepare ourselves to commune with the
Lord and Lady.
There are certain protocols applied to tools. You never touch another witches' tools without
permission. The same can apply to their jewelry since oftimes that is charged for a
magickal purpose as well. All tools that are on the altar need to be Consecrated first. Any
tool can be made from whatever materials you have, you don't need to run out to the
nearest New Age shop and purchase them! Tools that you make yourself work better
because you make them using your own energy and intent. Any tool purchased will need to
have something done to it to add your origianl energy and bind it to you. This can be a
simple carving, adding a gem or stone, painting it a different color - whatever. Our
forebears practiced their religion without many tools, if any at all. And the ones they had
were hidden from the Church officials, sometimes in the most obvious places, by being used
as household items.

Tools
Athame
Sword
Boline
Chalice
Cauldron
Wand
Staff
 Besom
Thurible, or Incense Burner
Cord
Pentacle
Bell
Candle
Book of Shadows
Other items used in Ritual

Athame
Description: A black handled knife, with a double edged blade. It can be longer than a
regular kitchen knife, but is shorter than a sword. The handle is traditionally made of
wood, so that symbols may be carved on it, and painted black. Many tools today that are
used as athames do not fit this description, in that their handles are neither wooden, nor
black. If you are a solitary practitioner, you can decide for yourself how your athame
should look and feel.
Element: Fire or Air - many traditions associate the athame with air similar to the Tarot,
where the swords represent mental aspects. I also associate it with fire, since that is the
element most crucial in tempering the blade.
Uses: The athame is used to direct energy of thought, or will. It is not used for actual
cutting, and indeed the blade probably should not be sharpened as a safety precaution. The
blade is double-edged to "cut both ways" and is used for astral cutting only. For the tool to
use for cutting, see boline. The athame is also used as a sort of battery, holding the energy
or charge in the blade until it is released. It is often used to cast the circle, call the
Watchtowers, charge an item, bless the cakes, and it also represents the Male Force, or
God, in the symbolic Great Rite.
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Sword
Description: A double or single edged sword, with a blade longer than an athame. There
really isn't a sword in our tradition, so if we use one in circle it doesn't have to have any
particular attributes. In fact, I think that the use of the sword comes more from the
Hermetic Orders and the Ceremonial Magician's traditions, and was simply incorporated
into Wiccan rituals because often practitioners were members of both groups. Element: Air
- to signify the energy of thought, this comes to us from the Tarot cards, as mentioned
before.
Uses: The use of swords is more limited in circle than the use of the athame, mostly because
of it's length. We use it to cast the circle, for Drawing Down the Moon (by laying it on the
HP's shoulders in our tradition) or we also use it to ritually signify passing on the
leadership of the coven at certain times (by "passing" the sword ceremoniously to
someone). We do not have a sword at every ritual, and this tool is certainly not a
"required" one.
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Boline
Description: A sharp, single edged, white handled knife. The blade doesn't have to be
straight, as some have a curved blade, rather like a scythe. The blade is also usually shorter
than the athame. I have seen boline's made from a variety of different materials, my own
has a handle made from the tine of a white-tailed deer and the blade is short, curved and
kept very sharp.
Element: I am not aware of an elemental association attributed to this tool, but I assign it to
Earth because of it's uses.
Uses: The cutting blade for ritual use, this knife is for inscribing on candles, cutting or
harvesting herbs, cutting cords, cutting wax, etc. Some traditions specify that this can only
be used in circle, ours only specifies that it be used for a ritual purpose, such as cutting
flowers from my garden for use on the Altar. They are a very handy tool to have.
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Chalice
Description: A cup or wine glass shaped drinking vessel, any size, made from any material
that isn't toxic. Chalices come in many shapes and sizes, and there are some very lovely
ones being produced. I do caution against two materials: glass and brass. Broken glass and
bare feet are not a good mix in ritual! Use a glass chalice if you wish, but be extra cautious.
Brass has a chemical that produces a toxin when mixed with wine and some other drinks. If
you notice a funny taste to your wine from your chalice, don't use it!
Element: Water - also associated with the Female Force or Goddess
Uses: It is used to hold liquid on the altar, and to be used as a representation of the Goddess
during the symbolic Great Rite. It also represents the Cauldron of Cerridwen, symbolizing
life, death, and rebirth - all aspects of the Goddess. In our group we each have our own
chalice which we bring to every ritual and sabbat, our own or others. Be practical, passing
a chalice around among 80 people at a Sabbat is asking to get sick. Magick never relieves
you of your own responsibility.
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Cauldron
Description: A round bottomed kettle, usually made from iron or metal, with three legs. The
three legs is kind of important, if it doesn't have any legs it could be a dutch oven, or a
casserole dish! I have used cauldron's made from other substances besides metal when they
were for show only, or for holding water - which can rust iron. Cauldrons come in many
sizes, and are not limited to large and bulky. The cauldron represents the womb of the
Goddess, and is a symbol of transformation and rebirth.
Element: Water - once again, this tool is associated with the Goddess, mainly Cerridwen.
Uses: Cauldrons can hold water for scrying, or for the Watchtower of Water (put some
seashells in the bottom for a nice touch too!). They can be used to ritually burn parchment
paper or other magickal workings in, and also used to build a small fire when you can't
have an outdoor firepit. We have put them in the Fire Watchtower and burned candles in
the bottom, or even used ours to pop popcorn in for one of our Mabon Rituals. They are
very versatile and useful, and allow for a lot of creativity in magickal and ritual workings.
They do need some care, especially if you burn things in them, or use them to hold water,
you will have to heat and oil the iron ones, just like your old iron frying pans.
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Wand
Description: Traditionally a piece of tree branch of 1" or less diameter, that reaches from
your elbow to the tip of your longest finger on your power hand. Wands were made from
birch, as the Goddess's wood, but today wands are made from crystal, glass, copper tubing
(with lights!), and any other kind of material you can imagine. There are glass wands with
crystals set inside in the chakra colors that are tiny and hang on a neckchain. There are
wands that are made from clay, like a pipe, and have feathers and beads hanging from both
ends. Many of these are not made for magickal use (unless you plan to be very careful with
them!) and are not practical in the long run as a tool.
Element: Air - for directing mental energy
Uses: In directing energy the wand can be used for casting the circle, calling in the
Watchtowers, inviting the Lord and Lady, to charge items, and many things that can be
done with the Athame can also be done using the wand. (Except represent the Male in the
symbolic Great Rite)
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Staff
Description: A length of tree branch, about 2-3" in diameter, that stands from the ground to
your shoulder in height. Some people like them longer, some shorter, but that is the general
concensus. As with the wand, the staff has become more highly decorated than our
ancestors would have used. It can be topped with a carving, stones or crystals, feathers; I
have even seen one that lit! Often people will carve their magickal names, runes, or even
prayers on the staff. Woodburning looks very nice, also.
Element: Earth
Uses: A staff can be used to cast circle, and in fact it is my tool of choice for doing just that.
It can also used to raise energy (by rythmically thumping on the ground), and don't forget
it can be used while walking all over the festival site! I happen to like the staff very much,
and our household has several of them. They are easy to find and make, and very fun to
decorate and get creative. Note: when you are harvesting a staff or a wand, be sure to first
ask the tree's permission if it is still attached to the tree. It is also customary to leave a gift
for the tree as a thank you. While many people will leave a crystal, or a coin, I prefer to
leave the tree some fertilizer, or food, or something else that the tree might be able to use to
grow. Use your own intuition.
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Besom
Description: A witches broom, the besom was traditionally made from birch, willow, and
ash. Many brooms were also made from broom corn, as you can see if you attend country
fairs where homemade brooms are still being made in the same manner. Be sure to store
your broom upright, as it keeps the bristles in good shape, and also keeps the "good
fortune" from being grounded and lost. The besom is a symbol of the Goddess.
Element: None
Uses: Used to cleanse the circle area astrally before casting sacred space, the besom doesn't
touch the floor, but is held just a bit above. It is also used for protection of the hearth and
home, and stored upright near the front door, will protect your home from negative forces.
It is used to protect the newlywed couple, and to promote fertility also, when the couple
"jumps the broom" after the ceremony. The decorated broom that was used at the
handfasting, now adorns the main room or the main doorway of many Wiccan couples'
homes. It is speculated that the besom was also the hiding place of the wand, by using it as
the handle on the broom - hidden in plain sight! To truly symbolize the union of the
Goddess and the God, a besom can have a phallic symbol carved into the end of the handle
that is inside the "skirt" at the bottom.
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Thurible, or Incense Burner
Description: Any heat proof container that you like. Some traditions will have definite views
on this one, I'm sure, and may use the kind that hang from chains, or have fancy handles,
and that's fine. Ours doesn't, so we use whatever we like. There are 5 in my ritual closet
right now: a brass one with a cover, two ceramic dragons of different designs. a small
copper cauldron, and small ceramic pot decorated all over with white rabbits and colored
eggs that was originally sold as a pot for plants. Just add sand, or kitty litter, or aquarium
rocks to the bottom, and voila! And use a "sacred potholder" please! We list that in our
tools for our coven as I have seen people almost burned when these things get too hot, as
they sometimes do. You use charcoal to burn pebble type incense, and not the kind for Bar-
B-Q's; charcoal that is designed to burn incense on is samll and round, with a slight
depression in the center wbere the incense is placed.
Element: Air and Fire
Uses: Many traditions use a thurible to cast the circle with, as ours does. It is also used to
purify, smudge, and consecrate items, tools, and people. We very much prefer to use
charcoal and pebble type incense for this kind of working, when possible. However, indoors
it can get pretty smoky and hard to breathe if you are in a small area. If that's the case,
then try using the powdered, self-igniting incenses. You don't need to put them on charcoal,
and they burn faster and don't make quite as much smoke. Last to use is the stick incense,
as it really has much less "power", it's so compressed and mass produced. Use it only if you
have no other choices.
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Cord
Description: A 9 foot length of cord, usually made of natural fibers, can be braided and
with a knot at both ends. Many covens use silken cords that are easily accessible in most
needlecraft supply stores. Or you can braid or weave your own, from wool or from ribbon.
Colors will vary by tradition, and many also vary by degree.
Element: Earth - as the cord can be used for grounding.
Uses: The cord is worn about the waist in ritual, and is used to ground the person while in
an altered state of conciousness - it is your connection to the earth, similar to the "silver
cord" spoken of by astral travelers. It can also be used for knot magick, and is traditionally
9 feet long as it was used to measure an outdoor circle.
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Pentacle
Description: A five pointed star, enclosed in a circle, and inscribed on a "freestanding"
surface. It is called a pentagram when it is simply drawn as a symbol on paper, or is a
charm on a chain. A Pentacle is the tool itself, which can be woodburned into wood, painted
on a copper or other metal plate, made out of clay and inscribed, made from wax and
inscribed, drawn onto parchment paper and cut out, etc.
Element: Earth
Uses: This tool is used for focusing a charge, and can also hold a charge, depending on the
material it is made from. Place an item to be charged on the pentacle, raise the energy, then
direct the energy to the pentacle and the item. It is usually placed on the altar for this, but
it can also be placed on the ground or floor if you wish to dance around it. You can also put
candles on it, to increase their magickal effectiveness, and it can also have the chalice or
libations bowl placed upon it.
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Bell
Description: Any bell can be used, of any size and sound. We don't normally have a bell in
our circles, but I have added it here since I know of many who do use one regularly. I have
not been told, read, or observed that there is any traditional type of bell or tones preferred,
so if I am wrong, please feel free to correct me.
Element: Air
Uses: A bell is used to cleanse the area of negativity through the use of sound. It also
attracts the fairy spirits to an area, and is said to attract beneficial entities or spirits also.
Some traditions use a bell after invoking each Watchtower, others use it to signify a change
in the procedure of circle, such as after all the Watchtowers have been invoked, or after the
circle has been completely cast, etc. There is most likely a strong history of bells being used
by our ancestors. One indication is that windchimes are still very popular. Another is that
the Catholic Church, whose practices are known to stem very strongly from the Pagan
religions of the pre-Christian era, use bells in their services quite often. Back to top
Candles
Description: While many people may not consider this to actually be a magickal tool, I do.
Candles will be in the shape, scent, color, and size necessary to the magick being done, and
can be inscribed with the runes, symbols, names, etc, that will focus the working. They
should be dressed for the occassion as well!
Element: Fire, of course!
Uses: Candles have an incredible number of uses, from simply creating the proper mood
(and altered states of conciousness) to representing the Lord and Lady on our Altars.
Candles are also used in doing magick (see Spellcraft for more information) for meditating,
for scrying, and also just as lighting. Candles can be homemade with a minimum of skill
and supplies, and there are plenty of books in the local library on how to do it. Add oils to
your candles (sparingly), add perfumes, or roll them in oil and then in herbs. Decorate
them in the colors and flowers of the Sabbat or season and use them on the altar or give
them as gifts. Candles are a very versatile item, and I do definitely consider them a tool of
the Craft.
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Book of Shadows (BOS)
Description: Traditionally, a black covered book, filled with rituals, meditations, and spells,
written by hand on parchment paper. Our coven uses a 3-ring binder, and puts the
parchment paper in "plastic sheets" to protect them from candle wax and spilled wine, but
they are still hand copied. Many covens have their BOS on disk, for easy storage and
passing down. If you are a solitary, you can choose to use any medium you prefer. If you are
going to work within a tradition, you will probably receive the "coven" BOS which should
not be changed in any fashion, but handed down complete and "as is". If anything is added
to the coven BOS, it is added by the HP and HPS only, and is duly notated as to the date
and circumstances of the addition.
Element: If I were to assign one, it would be of Spirit.
Uses: This is your record of your journey through the sacred space of your life and your
learning and growing in the Craft. Regardless of whether a witch is solitary or traditional
coven, each witch should have her own BOS. In it will be detailed your magickal workings,
and their outcomes, your personal mediations and observations, and anything that you find
important or that you wish to include. My first BOS was a beautiful book I received as a
gift, with gold leaf edges on the pages, and blank inside. I had to add "tabs" after a while to
find things, but I still refer back to it for certain spells and rituals that I wrote. Since then I
have several more that are filled or partially so, and there is no limit on how many BOS a
witch can have! You may want to have one for just magickal workings, and use it as a
magickal diary, another for just rituals and poetry, and maybe another for your personal
meditations and insights into your life. This is a powerful tool for spiritual and personal
growth.
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Other Items Used in RitualThere are other items that are also used in ritual that bear
mentioning here. If you don't work skyclad, then a robe is usually used, to let your younger
self know that you are now in sacred space, as opposed to wearing your everyday jeans, for
example. On the altar, you will also need holders for your water, salt, and oil, used in
casting the circle and consecrating the participants. (see the article on Circles for more
information.) Also use a "sacred potholder" as described above in the section on Thuribles
and Incense Burners. After the working section of the circle, you will need to have
something to eat and drink, so in addition to the chalice you will need a plate to hold the
cakes or cookies. You will also need a libations bowl if you are having ritual indoors , to
offer some of the cakes and wine to the Gods. A "working candle" or "maiden candle" is
also used to provide light at the very beginning and end of the ritual, when no other candles
are lit. It's also used to read by, as it doesn't have to stay on the altar but can be passed
around to whoever needs it wherever they are standing.
As time passes, and each witch becomes more comfortable with her own rituals and
workings, she will decide for herself what tools she needs and what tools she doesn't
particularly use all that much. Remember to look for tools at flea markets, yard sales, and
second hand shops also, and not think that you have to purchase new tools, or indeed that
you have to "buy" any tools. Every tool can be made, given a certain skill level and
accessories. I know not everyone has access to a forge, or would know how to use one, so
many people will purchase athames. You can, however, find them less expensively in many
catalogs, from knife companies. You don't have to go to a Renassaince Fair two counties
away to get one! (In fact, the dealers from the Renassaince Fairs are buying them from
these same catalogs.) This may be heresy to some, but I am a frugal witch, and choose to
spend my prosperity as wisely as possible.
One last note on buying tools - don't haggle over the price. It cheapens the tool, and makes
you appreciate it less, whatever you may think to the contrary. If a tool is worth the price to
you, then buy it. If it isn't, then don't buy it. You can look for it for the best price, but once
that price is set, don't argue. The tool represents more to you than just the cost of the item.

If you have a need for a tool that you simply cannot find, email me and I will do my best to
help you. I live with the "Catalog King", and we generally can find an item in one of them.
Even if you live in the center of the "Bible Belt", you can get your tool shipped to you in a
plain brown wrapper, without hassle. Also remember to try the internet; this is a resource
that is able to be utilized by those in urban and in rural areas equally.

Blessed Be!

Email Lady Bridget

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