SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

BUILDING SCIENCE 1 [ARC 2412]

PROJECT 2:
SUN SHADING TOOLS
R1 = 750
1500

= 0.50 TASK 1: OTTV

Section through the window of the rooms with the dimensions to NORTH ELEVATION:
calculate the ratio of projections to wall-window height Joseph Ling
Evangeline Ng
Thermal Resistance, R
Chen Hui Wei
Thickness (m) Resistivity (m² °C/W) 1 2 3 4 Aw Yong Sow Mei
1 External Surface 0.055
2 External Wall Plaster 0.02 2.17 0.00921659
Pamela Tan Poh Sin
3 Concrete 0.125 0.69 0.18115942
4 Internal Surface 0.123 Wan Zan Nureen
Total R 0.36837601 Wan Athirah
Cheng Rui Chween
U-Value of Walls
(W/m²°C) 2.714617598
Chong Cheng Xiong
Single glazing U-Value of Window
ordinary float glass 0.006 (W/m²°C) 6.49
Cross section of the precast concrete
wall for the calculation of U-Value
SOUTH ELEVATION:
Liew Evon
Color of North/South/East/West wall is Lai Pui Yin
assumed as cream.
Tan Chee Huey
Jonathan Chong
Timothy Wong
Solar Window to U-Value, Uv Orientation Thermal Transfer
Façade Area, A Window Area, W Shading Coeff,
ELEVATION Constant Absorption Wall Ratio, (1-WWR) (W/m²) Correction Value, A X OTTV
(m²) (m²) SC
Factor, α WWR Factor, CF OTTV
North Wall 993.84 74.72 15 0.3 0.07518313 0.92481687 2.71 - - 11.27814175 11208.6684
Through Walls
Conductance

EAST ELEVATION:
South Wall 891.3 219.15 15 0.3 0.24587681 0.75412319 2.71 - - 9.196532312 8196.86925 Michele Lim Chui Yee
Heat

East Wall 3955.1163 638.34 15 0.3 0.16139601 0.83860399 2.71 - - 10.22677563 40448.087 Ong Yu Xuan
Yeoh Kean Aun
West Wall 2709.285 1187.5682 15 0.3 0.4383327 0.5616673 2.71 - - 6.849532765 18557.3364 Lim Bing Shiun
Heat Conductance Through Wall 78410.961 Dexter Chew E-Shen

North Wall 993.84 74.72 6 - 0.07518313 0.92481687 6.49 - - 2.927631007 2909.5968 Soh Jack Ying
Conductance

Nguyen Ngoc Hong Phuc

South Wall 891.3 219.15 6 - 0.24587681 0.75412319 6.49 - - 9.574442949 8533.701
Windows

Ashwiini
Through
Heat

East Wall 2705.5563 427.74 6 - 0.15809688 0.83860399 6.49 - - 6.156292368 16656.1956 Clarisse Yeo

West Wall 2709.285 1187.5682 6 - 0.4383327 0.5616673 6.49 - - 17.06867521 46243.9057

WEST ELEVATION:
Heat Conductance Through Window 74343.3991 Audrey Tan Su Yin
Peggy Teo Pei Yee
Through Windows

North Wall 993.84 74.72 194 - 0.07518313 0.92481687 - 0.9 0.71 9.320151654 9262.73952
Solar Heat Gain

Chu Yi Ching
South Wall 891.3 219.15 194 - 0.24587681 0.75412319 - 0.92 0.71 31.15770596 27770.8633 Clara Ling
Lim Zi Kang
East Wall 2705.5563 427.74 194 - 0.15809688 0.83860399 - 1.23 0.68 25.65305212 69405.7768
West Wall 2709.285 1187.5682 194 - 0.4383327 0.5616673 - 0.94 0.71 56.7533889 153761.105 Leong Yean Tuck
Gabrielle Yip
Solar Heat Gain Through Window 260200.485 Michael Khoo Wen Shen
Joanna Lim Yin
8549.5413 OVERALL BUILDING OTTV 48.30 Jessie Tan
 1
Contributing Factor:
Extensive use of glass walls in the façades of the building, particularly on The OTTV value acquired
the commercial block of the West elevation (eg Ambank, Breadstory, Star-
bucks). is 48.3W/m2 which com-
plies with the MS1525:
Effect: 2007 Code of Practice
The large amount of glass used increases the Window-to-Wall ratio,
which in turn increases the heat conductance through walls (accounts
which states that the over-
for 19% of OTTV). all building OTTV should
be lesser than 50W/m2.
Solution: However, the overall heat
-Reduce the amount of glass used on the facade and considering alterna-
tives materials to glass walls in the commercial area to yield a lower Wall- gain is still rather high.
to-Window ratio.

Reference
2 Ar. K.L., Von (2009). GBI CPD Seminar
MS1525:2007 clause 5 building envelope.
Contributing Factor:
[PowerPoint slides] PAM Malaysia.
Use of single glazing ordinary float glass on most openings.
Department of Standards Malaysia (2007).
Effect: Malaysian Standard code of practice on
The high U-Value of this type of glass increases the Heat Conductance energy efficiency and use of renewable
through Window value (accounts for 18% of OTTV). energy for non-residential buildings (first
revision). Kuala Lumpur: Department of
Standards Malaysia.
Solution:
2o
Use of a double glazing glass (U-Value:2.32-3.18W/m C) which reduces Lechner, N (2001). Heating, cooling, lighting:
the amount of heat gain in the building that also results in a lower OTTV Design Methods for Architects. John Wiley &
value. Sons Inc. United States.

3
Contributing Factor:
Low value of horizontal projections to wall-window height ration.

Effect:
The lower the [horizontal projections to wall-window height ratio] the higher the shad-
ing coefficient value, thus the higher Solar Heat gain through window value
(accounts for 63% of OTTV).

Solution:
-Increase the depth of the horizontal projection to increase the [horizontal projec-
tion to wall-window ratio].

-Use of a variety of shading tools such as the polycarbonate overhang on the commer-
cial lot in the west façade and horizontal concrete projections in the commercial lot.