Mean, Median and Mode for Ungropued Data and for Grouped Data

Ungrouped Data (Raw Data): The information collected systematically regarding a

population or a sample survey is called an ungrouped data. It is also called raw data.

Grouped Data (Classified Data): When a frequency distribution is obtained by dividing

an ungrouped data in a number of strata according to the value of variate under study,
such an information is called gruoped data or classified data.

Measures of central tendency:

There are several measures of central tendency. Out of these, the following 3 are used
more often
1. Mean, 2. Median and 3. Mode

Ungroped Data
Mean of ungrouped data:
Let x1, x2, x3, ..., xn be n observations then mean is obtained by dividing the sum of n
observations by n. It is denoted by
∑
X' = Xi/n
For Eg: Find the mean of 4,6,8,6,7,8
Sol:
∑
Mean X' = Xi/n
= (4 + 6 + 8 + 6 + 7 + 8)/6
= 39/6
= 6.5

Median of ungrouped data:

If the observations of an ungrouped data are arranged in increasing or decreasing order
of their magnitude, a value which divides these ordered observations into two equal
parts is called the median of the data. It is denoted by M.

If the number of observations (n) is an odd integer, then

M = Value of (n+1)/2 th observation in the arrangement of observations in increaseing
order.

If the number of observations (n) is an even integer, then

M = (Value of n/2 th observation + Value of (n/2 + 1) th observation)/2

For Eg:
Find the median of the following observations
4,6,8,6,7,8,8

Sol: Observations in the ascending order are :

4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8
Here, n = 7 is odd.
Median :
M = Value of (n+1)/2 th observation
= Value of (7+1)/2 th observation
= Value of 4 th observation
=7

Mode of ungrouped data:

An observation occurring most frequently in the data is called mode of the data. It is
denoted by Z.

For Eg:
Find the median of the following observations
4,6,8,6,7,8,8
Sol:
In the given data, the observation 8 occurs maximum
number of times (3)
∴ Mode(Z) = 8

Grouped Data

1. The information regarding the no of children per family is given in the following table. Find
the Mean, Median, Mode of the data
No of children 0 1 2 3 4 5
2 1
No of families 3 831
0 5

HINT: For input

For this type of example select X & Freq Option, Input the values like

X Freq
0 3
1 20
2 15
3 8
4 3
5 1

2. The frequency distribution of the marks obtained by 100 students in a test of Mathematics
carrying 50 marks is given below. Find the Mean, Median, Mode of the data.
 0- 10 - 20 - 30 -
Marks obtained 40 - 49
9 19 29 39
No of students 8 15 20 45 12

HINT: For input

For this type of example select X,Y & Freq Option, Input the values like

X Y Freq
0 9 8
10 19 15
20 29 20
30 39 45
40 49 12

mean The sum of a list of numbers, divided by the total number of numbers in the list.
Also called arithmetic mean

median "Middle value" of a list. The smallest number such that at least half the numbers
in the list are no greater than it. If the list has an odd number of entries, the
median is the middle entry in the list after sorting the list into increasing order. If
the list has an even number of entries, the median is equal to the sum of the two
middle (after sorting) numbers divided by two. The median can be estimated
from a histogram by finding the smallest number such that the area under the
histogram to the left of that number is 50%.

mode For lists, the mode is the most common (frequent) value. A list can have more
than one mode. For histograms, a mode is a relative maximum ("bump"). A data
set has no mode when all the numbers appear in the data with the same
frequency. A data set has multiple modes when two or more values appear with
the same frequency
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Mean, Median, Mode, and Range

Mean, median, and mode are three kinds of "averages". There are many "averages" in statistics, but these are, I think, the three most
common, and are certainly the three you are most likely to encounter in your pre-statistics courses, if the topic comes up at all.

The "mean" is the "average" you're used to, where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers. The
"median" is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. To find the median, your numbers have to be listed in numerical order, so you
may have to rewrite your list first. The "mode" is the value that occurs most often. If no number is repeated, then there is no mode for
the list.

The "range" is just the difference between the largest and smallest values.

• Find the mean, median, mode, and range for the following list of values:

13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13

The mean is the usual average, so:

(13 + 18 + 13 + 14 + 13 + 16 + 14 + 21 + 13) ÷ 9 = 15

Note that the mean isn't a value from the original list. This is a common result. You should not assume that your mean will be
one of your original numbers.

The median is the middle value, so I'll have to rewrite the list in order:

13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 16, 18, 21

There are nine numbers in the list, so the middle one will be the (9 + 1) ÷ 2 = 10 ÷ 2 = 5th number:

13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 16, 18, 21

So the median is 14. Copyright © Elizabeth Stapel 2004-2011 All Rights Reserved

The mode is the number that is repeated more often than any other, so 13 is the mode.

The largest value in the list is 21, and the smallest is 13, so the range is 21 – 13 = 8.

mean: 15
median: 14
mode: 13
range: 8

Note: The formula for the place to find the median is "( [the number of data points] + 1) ÷ 2", but you don't have to use this formula.
You can just count in from both ends of the list until you meet in the middle, if you prefer. Either way will work.
 • Find the mean, median, mode, and range for the following list of values:

1, 2, 4, 7

The mean is the usual average: (1 + 2 + 4 + 7) ÷ 4 = 14 ÷ 4 = 3.5

The median is the middle number. In this example, the numbers are already listed in numerical order, so I don't have to
rewrite the list. But there is no "middle" number, because there are an even number of numbers. In this case, the median is
the mean (the usual average) of the middle two values: (2 + 4) ÷ 2 = 6 ÷ 2 = 3

The mode is the number that is repeated most often, but all the numbers appear only once. Then there is no mode.

The largest value is 7, the smallest is 1, and their difference is 6, so the range is 6.

mean: 3.5
median: 3
mode: none
range: 6

The list values were whole numbers, but the mean was a decimal value. Getting a decimal value for the mean (or for the median, if
you have an even number of data points) is perfectly okay; don't round your answers to try to match the format of the other numbers.

• Find the mean, median, mode, and range for the following list of values:

8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 13

The mean is the usual average:

(8 + 9 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 12 + 13) ÷ 10 = 105 ÷ 10 = 10.5

The median is the middle value. In a list of ten values, that will be the (10 + 1) ÷ 2 = 5.5th value; that is, I'll need to average
the fifth and sixth numbers to find the median:

(10 + 11) ÷ 2 = 21 ÷ 2 = 10.5

The mode is the number repeated most often. This list has two values that are repeated three times.

The largest value is 13 and the smallest is 8, so the range is 13 – 8 = 5.

mean: 10.5
median: 10.5
modes: 10 and 11
range: 5

While unusual, it can happen that two of the averages (the mean and the median, in this case) will have the same value.

Note: Depending on your text or your instructor, the above data set may be viewed as having no mode (rather than two modes), since
no single solitary number was repeated more often than any other. I've seen books that go either way; there doesn't seem to be a
consensus on the "right" definition of "mode" in the above case. So if you're not certain how you should answer the "mode" part of the
above example, ask your instructor before the next test.

About the only hard part of finding the mean, median, and mode is keeping straight which "average" is which. Just remember the
following:

mean: regular meaning of "average"

median: middle value
mode: most often

(In the above, I've used the term "average" rather casually. The technical definition of "average" is the arithmetic mean: adding up the
values and then dividing by the number of values. Since you're probably more familiar with the concept of "average" than with
"measure of central tendency", I used the more comfortable term.)

• A student has gotten the following grades on his tests: 87, 95, 76, and 88. He wants an 85 or better overall. What is
the minimum grade he must get on the last test in order to achieve that average?

The unknown score is "x". Then the desired average is:

(87 + 95 + 76 + 88 + x) ÷ 5 = 85

Multiplying through by 5 and simplifying, I get:

87 + 95 + 76 + 88 + x = 425
346 + x = 425
x = 79

He needs to get at least a 79 on the last test.

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Before you can begin to understand statistics, there are four terms you will need to
fully understand. The first term 'average' is something we have been familiar with
from a very early age when we start analyzing our marks on report cards. We add
together all of our test results and then divide it by the sum of the total number of
marks there are. We often call it the average. However, statistically it's the Mean!

The Mean

Example:

Four tests results: 15, 18, 22, 20

The sum is: 75
Divide 75 by 4: 18.75

The 'Mean' (Average) is 18.75

(Often rounded to 19)

The Median

The Median is the 'middle value' in your list. When the totals of the list are odd, the
median is the middle entry in the list after sorting the list into increasing order.
When the totals of the list are even, the median is equal to the sum of the two
middle (after sorting the list into increasing order) numbers divided by two. Thus,
remember to line up your values, the middle number is the median! Be sure to
remember the odd and even rule.

Examples:

Find the Median of: 9, 3, 44, 17, 15 (Odd amount of numbers)

Line up your numbers: 3, 9, 15, 17, 44 (smallest to largest)
The Median is: 15 (The number in the middle)

Find the Median of: 8, 3, 44, 17, 12, 6 (Even amount of numbers)
Line up your numbers: 3, 6, 8, 12, 17, 44
Add the 2 middles numbers and divide by 2: 8 12 = 20 ÷ 2 = 10
The Median is 10.

The Mode

The mode in a list of numbers refers to the list of numbers that occur most
frequently. A trick to remember this one is to remember that mode starts with the
same first two letters that most does. Most frequently - Mode. You'll never forget
that one!

Examples:

Find the mode of:

9, 3, 3, 44, 17 , 17, 44, 15, 15, 15, 27, 40, 8,
Put the numbers is order for ease:
3, 3, 8, 9, 15, 15, 15, 17, 17, 27, 40, 44, 44,
The Mode is 15 (15 occurs the most at 3 times)