AP Terms 8

1. Japanese interment- Moved all Japanese on the west coast of the U.S. into internment camps
2. Greensboro sit-ins- Late 1950's, early 1960's; nonviolent demonstrations and marches that
challenged segregation laws
3. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg- These were Soviet spies sent to steal information and technology.
They helped the Soviets develope the atomic bomb, and got executed in 1953
4. U-2 Incident- The downing of a U.S. spy plane and capture of its pilot, Gary Francis Powers, by
the Soviet Union in 1960
5. Marshall Plan- A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe
(1948-1952)
6. Casablanca Conference- 1943; conference between FDR and Churchill (Stalin didnt show up)
that produced "Unconditional Surrender" doctrine
7. Dumbarton Oaks Conference- 1944; discussed creating an int'l organization that would
maintain peace after WWII (United Nations)
8. Alger Hiss- State Department official accused of spying for the Soviets
9. “Long hot summers”- Riots in black neighborhoods in Northern cities
10. Henry Wallace- FDR's running mate (VP) in the election of 1940. 1948 Progressive Party
Presidential candidate
11. baby boomers- The generation of children born between 1946 and 1960 from the soliders
coming home
12. Jack Kerouac (On the Road)- U.S writer who was a leading figure of the beat generation
13. Little Rock school crisis- 1957;segregation=illegal, Governor Faubus sent the Arkansas
National Guard to prevent nine Black students from entering Little Rock Central High School.
Eisenhower sent in U.S. paratroopers to ensure the students could attend class.
14. GI Bill of Rights- Gave money to veterans to study in colleges, universities, gave medical
treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new business
15. Jackie Robinson- 1947; The first black baseball player to play in the major leagues
16. Korematsu v U.S-1944; landmark U.S. Supreme Court case ruling that the exclusion order was
constitutional
17. Montogemery bus boycott- 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat
on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme
Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.
18. McCarthyism- Term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconson who led the
search for communists in America during the early 1950s
19. Harry Truman- 33rd president (1945 – 1953); Sworn as President of US after Roosevelt died
due to a stroke; had the bomb dropped on japan (WWII)
20. Truman Doctrine- President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any
country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology
21. Teheran Conference- 1943; Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill confirmed their defense to crush Hitler
22. San Francisco Conference- 1945; This conference expanded the drafts of the Yalta and
Dumbarton Oaks conferences and adopted the "United Nations" Charter.
23. NSC 68- A National Security Council document; approved by President Truman in 1950; said
how to protect U.S. after WWII
24. Youngstown Sheet/Tube v Sawyer- 1952; Truman discovered steel workers were planning a
strike. He ordered Sec. of Commerce to nationalize steel mines and have the gov. run them.
Truman couldn't because of the Supreme Court ruling that the president wasn't allowed to take
possession of private property
25. Douglas MacArthur- United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied
forces in the South Pacific during World War II, American commander in the Philippines;
vowed "I Shall Return"
26. Sputnik- World's 1st satellite launched by Russia (1957); Initiated the Space Race.
27. beat generation- A United States youth subculture of the 1950s; didn't like values of parents
28. Eisenhower Doctrine- 1957; a US commmitiment to defend the Middle East against attack by
any communist country, announced by Pres.Eisenhower.
29. Servicement's Readjustment Act- Like the GI Bill of Rights; gave things to veterans to get them
back into society
30. New Frontier- 1961; JFK becomes President. His domestic policy; wants a man on the moon;
supports civil rights, wants to cut taxes, and increase spending for defense and military
31. Federal Highway Act- 1956; It appropriated 25 billion dollars for a ten year effort to construct
more than 40 thousand miles of interstate highways
32. Employment Act of 1946- Established the Council of Economic Advisers to assist the Pres. in
achieving maximum employment, production, and purchasing power.
33. Brown v Board of Education- Court found that segregation was a violation of the Equal
Protection clause; "separate but equal" has no place; reverse decision of Plessy v Feurgeson
34. Fair Deal- President Truman's program of social reform to create jobs,build home public, and
 end job discrimination aginast africian americans.; bring economy from war time to peace time
35. containment- U.S. wanted to contain communism; Main component of foreign policy during the
post WWII era.
36. Yalta Conference- "The Big Three", when Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met in February of
1945; discussed the end of war; moved boundary of Poland to the west; Stalin agreed to fight
Japan after war if needed
37. United Nations- An organization of independent states formed in 1945 after WWII to promote
international peace and security; replaced the League of Nations
38. Berlin Airlift- 1947-1948; The US airlifted supplies to West Berlin when the communists
blockaded the roads
39. George Kennan- US State Dept. Employee who authored the Containment Doctrine; "long
telegram" Kenan sent about what Russia would probably do
40. Korean War- 1951-1953; The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist
South Korea.
41. NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made by Allies of WWII to defend one
another if they were attacked by any other country
42. Taft-Hartley Act- Tried to prevent strikes
43. National Defense Education Act- Provided an oppurtunity and stimulus for college education
for many Americans; allocated funds for upgrading funds in the sciences, foreign language,
guidance services, and teaching innovation.
44. Ralph Bunche- U.S. diplomat and United Nations official (1904-1971); 1st African American to
receive the Nobel Peace Prize;; Medal of Freedom from Kennedy
45. dynamic conservatism- Eisenhower's policy; "Conservative when it comes to money (fiscal
policies) and liberal when it comes to human beings (social policies)."; Appealed to both
Republicans and Democrats