Filologia Angielska - Zestaw Wyrazen

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.
pl
Communication
wylać przed
to tell someone everything about your thoughts, feelings,
to pour out kimś swoje He poured out all his troubles to Laura. 1
especially because you feel very unhappy.
żale
interrogative having the form of a question. pytający "Who" and "what" are interrogative pronouns. 1
informal expressions used by a particular group of people
argot (slang) slang Don't speak to me in this ugly argot! 1
such as criminals.
the fact of being involved with or a member of a political
affiliation powiązanie What are her political affiliations? 1
or religious organization.
ulegać,ustępow Her parents finally relented and allowed her to
to relent to change your attitude and become less strict or cruel. 1
ać go.
to be at each
skakać sobie He's her brother, but they're always at each
other's to fight and argue. 1
do gardła other's throats.
throats
to express what you think or feel; to communicate wyrażać,
to convey His tone conveyed an unmistakable warning. 1
something. przekazywać
willing to consider new ideas or listen to someone else's
receptive otwarty He's a very kind and receptive young man. 1
opinions.
to butt in to interrupt a conversation. wtrącać się Stop butting in! 1
to say sth suddenly and without thinking because you are wypaplać, We didn't want to tell Mum but Ann blurted
to blurt out 1
nervous or excited. wygadać się. the whole thing out.
to hit the roof to be extremely angry. być wściekłym Dad hit the roof when I got home. 1
to tell someone you trust about personal things that you do
to confide zwierzyć się She's the only person I can confide to. 1
not want other people to know.
to make a signal to someone with your hand to show that skinąć na
to beckon She beckoned at the child , who came running. 1
you want them to come towards you. kogoś
to say sth so quickly that people cannot hear you or powiedzieć coś Just calm down, stop gabbling, and tell me
to gabble 1
understand you properly niezrozumiale what has happened.
a sexual relationship between two people who are not
affair romans She's having an affair with her boss. 1
married to each other.
to say things (often angrily) that show that you do not
to argue sprzeczać się The couple next door are always arguing. 1
agree with sb about sth.
dowodzić, że;
to argue to give reasons that support your opinion about sth. He argued against buying a new computer. 1
argumentować
to lapse into to go into a particular state. zapadać w She lapsed into silence/sleep/a coma. 1
wyjść z She's been depressed for days. I wish she'd
to snap out of to stop being sad or upset and make yourself feel better. 1
depresji snap out of it.
She's been nattering on about the wedding for
to natter to talk continuously about unimportant things paplać, gadać 1
weeks.
to get a word Once Terry starts talking it's difficult to get a
to get a chance to speak dojść do słowa 1
in edgeways word in edgeways.
It's difficult to converse rationally with people
to converse to talk informally, to have a conversation rozmawiać 1
who hold extremist views.
to discourse Mrs. Hutchins discoursed at length on the
to make a long formal speech about sth przemawiać 1
on ignorance of the frontier people.
That question doesn't relate to the subject
to relate to to be concerned with a particular subject odnosić się 1
we're discussing.
znajdować
to relate to to be able to understand how somebody feels She finds it difficult to relate to children. 1
wspólny język
nie móc
not bring zdobyć się na
if you cannot bring yourself to do sth, you cannot make
yourself to do coś, nie móc She couldn't bring herself to touch it. 1
yourself do it
sth zmusić się do
czegoś
zmierzyć
When he said he didn't agree with her she
to scowl to look at someone in an angry way kogoś 1
scowled at him and left the room.
wzrokiem
The farmers are always grumbling about the
to grumble to keep complaining in an unhappy way narzekać 1
weather.
to stammer to say sth with a lot of pauses and repeated sounds jąkać się He stammered an apology and left quickly. 1
phoney false, intended to deceive sb. fałszywy He gave the police a phony address. 1
Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Wszystkie prawa zastrzeżone
Materiał został przygotowany na poznańskiej anglistyce (http://elex.amu.edu.pl/ifa)
strona 1
the revolutionary ideas of fraternity and
fraternity a feeling of friendship between members of a group braterstwo 1
equality
to deliberately not allow yourself to show your feelings ukrywać, It is far better to cry than to bottle up your
to bottle up 1
and emotions tłumić, uczucia feelings.
to kiss your hand and then pretend to blow the kiss
blow a kiss wysyłać całusy 1
towards somebody
to blow a fuse
zdenerwować
to blow your to get very angry 1
się, wkurzyć
top
to blow the
to tell sth secret, especially by mistake wygadać się 1
gaff on sb/sth
blubber
(informal, to cry noisily beczeć There he sat blubbering like a baby. 1
disapproving)
the extra force given to a word or phrase when spoken,
especially in order to show that it is important; a way of 'I can assure you' she added with emphasis,
emphasis podkreślenie 1
writing a word ( for example drawing a line underneath it 'the figures are correct'
) to show that it is important
podkreślać, She emphasized that her plan would mean
emphasize to give special importance to sth 1
uwypuklać sacrifices and hard work.
She swept her hair back from her face to
emphasize to make sth more noticeable akcentować 1
emphasize her high cheekbones.
wyjaśniać, How can we best explicate 'King Lear' and
explicate to explain an idea or a work of literature in a lot of detail 1
objaśniać understand it?
bawić się
to keep touching or moving sth with your hands, He was fiddling with keys while he talked to
fiddle with sth czymś 1
especially because you are bored or nervous me.
bezmyślnie
to keep moving your body, your hands or feet because you wiercić się,
to fidget Sit still and stop fidgeting. 1
are nervous, bored or excited kręcić się
osoba wiercąca
się,
a fidget a person who's always fidgeting 1
niecierpliwa,
nerwowa
The children get fidgety if they have nothing
fidgety unable to remain still or quiet niespokojny 1
to do.
to say nice things about sb often in a way that is not pochlebiać,
flatter sincere because you want them to do sth for you or you mówić Are you trying to flatter me? 1
want to please them komplementy
That color doesn't flatter many people. The
to make sb seem more attractive or better than they really
flatter score line flattered England. (they didn't 1
are
deserve to get such a high score)
to be\feel flattered , to be pleased because sb has made He was flattered by her attention. I was
flatter 1
you feel important and special flattered at being asked to give a lecture
~ at sb/sth, to make a serious, angry or worried expression
marszczyć What are you frowning at me for? She
frown by bringing your eyebrows closer together so that lines 1
brwi frowned with concentration.
appear on your forehead
In her family, any expression of feeling was
krzywo patrzec
frown (in speech) frown on/upon sb/sth - to disapprove of sb/sth frowned upon. She looked up with a puzzled 1
na coś/kogoś
frown on her face.
words that have no meaning or are impossible to
gibberish bełkot You were talking gibberish in your sleep. 1
understand
to speak quickly in a way that is difficult to understand, He cowered in the corner gibbering with
gibber bełkotać 1
often because of fear terror.
patrzeć ze
glare ~ at sb/sth, to look at sb/sth in an angry way He didn't shout, he just glared at me silently. 1
złością
glare I looked at her and she glared furiously back. spojrzeć się 1
patrzeć z
glower ~ at sb/sth, to look in an angry, aggressive way 1
gniewem
usmiechać się They grinned with delight when they heard
grin to smile widely 1
szeroko our news.
grouch a person who complains a lot maruda, zrzęda I can't stand him - he's such an old grouch. 1
zrzędzić,
grouch a complaint about sth unimportant Students always have plenty of grouches. 1
marudzić,
strona 2
gderać
nie dawać
komuś
spokoju,
~ at sb - to keep complaining at sb about their behavior or Stop nagging - I'll do it as soon as I can. She
nag marudzić, 1
keep asking them to do sth has been nagging him to paint the window.
nagabywac do
zrobienia
czegoś
A feeling of unease nagged at her. Doubts
nag to worry or irritate you continuously nękać 1
nagged me all evening.
if you nod, nod your head or your head nods, you move
przytakiwać, I asked him if he would help me and he
nod your head up and down to show agreement, 1
kiwać głową nodded. He nodded sympathetically.
understanding.
to have a nodding acquaintance with sb/sth, to only know znać się z
nod 1
sb/sth slightly widzenia
a nod and a wink\ a nod is as good as a wink, used to say
Everything could be done by a nod and a
nod that a suggestion or a hint will be understood without 1
wink.
anything more being said
z miejsca, bez
on the nod - If a proposal is accepted on the nod it is
nod problemu, bez 1
accepted without any discussion.
sprzeciwu
przypatrywać
to look closely or carefully at sth, especially when you She kept peering over her shoulders. We
peer się, przyglądać 1
cannot see it clearly peered into the shadows.
się
if you pout, pout your lips or if your lips pout, you push
He pouted angrily. Her lips pouted invitingly.
pout out your lips to show you are annoyed or to look sexually nadymać wargi 1
Her lips were set in a pout of annoyance.
attractive.
to purse sb's lips , to form your lips into a small tight
purse zaciskać usta 1
round shape, for example to show disapproval.
to scowl at sbsth - to look at sb/sth in an angry or annoyed spojrzeć
scowl The receptionist scowled at me. 1
way gniewnie
patrzeć
scowl an angry look or expression wilkiem, He looked at me with a scowl. 1
krzywić się
to show that you have no respect for sb by the expression
sneer drwić, szydzić He sneered at people who liked pop music. 1
on your face or the way you speak
szyderczy,
dwiący
sneer a sneering comment or laugh 'You? A writer?' She sneered. 1
uśmiech lub
uwaga
to make a loud sound by breathing air out noisily through She snorted in disgust. The horse snorted and
parskać,
snort your nose, especially to show that you are angry or tossed its head. 'You!' he snorted 1
prychać
amused contemptuously.
parskać,
snort to give a snort of disgust/laughter to snort with laughter/annoyance 1
prychać
Many children stammer but grow out of it.
to speak with difficulty, repeating sounds or words and Ww-what?' he stammered. She was barely
stammer jąkać się 1
often stopping before saying things correctly able to stammer out a description of her
attacker
to have difficulty speaking because you cannot stop
zacinać się,
stutter yourself from repeating the first sound of some words I managed to stutter the reply. 1
jąkać się
several times
gadać dużo,
talk the hind legs of a donkey (informal),to talk too much, czesto
talk 1
especially about boring or unimportant things nieistotntych
rzeczy
pleść co ślina
talk through your hat (informal), to say silly things while
talk na język 1
you are talking about a subject you don't understand
przyniesie
a sudden short period of angry and unreasonable
tantrum napad złości to have/throw a tantrum 1
behaviour, especially in a child
A piece of information that sb gives to the police to warn dać cynk, The man was arrested after an anonymous tip-
tip off 1
them about an illegal activity przekazać off.

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poufne
informacje
tip sb a winktip the wink to sb, to give sb secret
tip off information that they can use to gain advantage for dać cynk 1
themselves
to toady to sb, a person who treats sb more important with
toady special kindness or respect in order to gain their favor or podlizywać się She's always toadying to her boss, it's awful. 1
help
wave wave at sb machać komuś Who's that waving at you? 1
machnięciem
wave sb through/on, wave to show sb that they can go At the border the customs officer just waved
wave ręki kazać 1
through or continue their journey us through.
przejść
wave give sb a wave (in order to say hello or goodbye) pomachać I gave him a friendly wave. 1
to wring sb's hand, to squeeze sb's hand very tightly when ściskać czyjeś
wring 1
you shake hands ręce
to wring your hands, to hold your hands together, twist
załamywać
wring and squeeze them in a way that shows you are anxious or 1
ręce
upset, especially when you cannot change the situation
Crime and Punishment
safeguards sth that is designed to protect people from harm, risk or Stronger legal safeguards are needed to protect
1
(against) danger the consumer.
nadmierny, w The amount of offensive material exposed in
excessive greater than appropriate 1
nadmiarze films nowadays is surely excessive.
to infringe ograniczać, Many people think that censorship infringes
to limit 1
(on) naruszać on their freedom.
Certain scenes in action films are too violent
gratuitous unnecessary niepotrzebny 1
and gratuitous.
a newspaper that has a lot of stories about sex, famous Tabloids tend to make a mountain out of a
tabloid brukowiec 1
people, etc., but not much serious news molehill in order to attract potential readers.
After spending 5 months in prison Peter was
miscarriage of a situation when a court wrongly punishes someone for pomyłka
pardoned and the judge admitted that his case 1
justice something he or she did not commit sądowa
was an obvious miscarriage of justice.
skazać, After the trial McVeigh was convicted and
to convict to prove or announce that someone is guilty of a crime 1
zasądzić sentenced to death.
Yesterday all the petty criminals were
to acquit to decide officially that someone is not guilty of a crime uniewinnić 1
acquitted!
the part of a prison where prisoners are kept while waiting Before the execution the murderer spent 48
death row cela śmierci 1
for execution hours in the death row.
obrońca w If you are guilty of a serious offence you need
attorney a lawyer (in American English) 1
sądzie a good attorney to get you out of the trouble.
być
(used in passive - be burden with / by) to have a lot of
to burden obciążonym My uncle John is burdened with a debt. 1
problems because of a particular reason
czymś
skrucha,
When I found her crying in her room I was
remorse feeling of being sorry for doing something bad wyrzut 1
full of remorse for what I had done.
sumienia
When my friend died in an accident all I felt
anguish mental or physical suffer caused by pain or worry udręka, boleść 1
was anguish and sorrow.
an angry feeling of extreme dislike for someone or When I asked her what had happened she
hatred nienawiść 1
something replied with hatred and anger.
trauma 1) a very unpleasant and upsetting experience uraz 1
After being raped Jessica had to spend several
2) a mental state of extreme shock caused by a very
trauma months in hospital to get cured of the constant 1
frightening and unpleasant experience
trauma
something violent or harmful you do to someone to punish After her daughter was killed Kate is
vengeance zemsta 1
him or her for harming you overwhelmed by a desire of vengeance.
People say that a famous and dangerous
mobster member of an organised criminal group gangster 1
mobster rules this part of our city.
to succeed in doing something, especially after trying very osiągać, Slowly but surely I have accomplished
to accomplish 1
hard dokonywać everything I wanted to.
reluctant slow and unwilling ociągający się She seemed reluctant to join in the discussion. 1
die hard someone opposes change and refuses to accept new ideas nie dający się My father is a real die hard. He will never get 1
strona 4
łatwo used to pierced noses and vividly dyed hair
wykorzenić one can see on the street nowadays.
pensjonariusz, Yesterday morning one of the inmates of our
inmate someone who is kept in a prison or mental hospital 1
więzień mental hospital escaped unexpectedly.
zadośćuczynie People are convicted that all criminals should
retribution severe punishment that is deserved 1
nie get a retribution for their deeds.
We wanted to take exams in French this
extortionate an extortionate price, demand, etc. is extremely high wygórowany 1
month but we found the demands extortionate.
happening or chosen without any particular plan, aim or losowo,
random The killer selected his victims at random. 1
pattern przypadkowo
superintenden
a police officer of a high rank nadinspektor Detective Superintendent Ron Marsh 1
t
ciemny,
sombre dark and dull The room was painted in sombre colours 1
mroczny
closure the permanent closing, e.g. of a business zamknięcie The firm is threatened with closure. 1
odraczać,
arranging that something will happen at a later time than Because of illness, the concert is postponed
postpone przesuwać w 1
planned until further notice.
czasie
abrupt sudden and unexpected nagły An abrupt change of plan. 1
dotknięty
bereaved having had a relative or close friend die śmiercią I've been bereaved since my wife died. 1
bliskiej osoby
zwolnienie
allowing a prisoner to go free before the end of his term in
parole warunkowe z He's going to be released on parole. 1
prison on condition that he continues to behave well
więzienia
Relinquishing the quest for revenge has given
relinquish to stop having or doing something zaprzestać 1
him release.
The mugger hit him on the head and ran away
with his suitcase. Some young mugger robbed
mugger a person who attacks and robs sb in the street 1
me of my purse as I was walking down this
street last night.
The arsonist set fire to the building by
arsonist a person who illegally sets fire to a building 1
throwing a petrol bomb through the window.
The boy was arrested for joyriding after the
joyriding a ride in a stolen car police recognized the stolen car he was 1
driving.
przyłapany na
caught The judge didn't need any further proof as the
caught during committing a crime gorącym 1
redhanded accused was caught redhanded.
uczynku
to spend a period of time in prison as punishment for a
to do time The terrorist will do time at Trencham Prison. 1
crime
This article is a defamation of an honest
defamation a lie about sb that damages one's reputation zniesławienie 1
politician.
nieumyślne The drunken driver was convicted for
manslaughter murder that is not fully intentional or premeditated 1
zabójstwo manslaughter after his car hit three people.
krzywoprzysię Two of my employees were convicted for
perjury the action of telling a lie in a lawcourt 1
stwo perjury as they lied to judge to protect me.
the criminal act of treating sb violently or threatening He was found innocent of battering his small
battering napastowanie 1
them child.
They were accused of ram-raiding as they first
driving a stolen car through a shop window and stealing
ram-raiding stole a car and then robbed the drugstore 1
the goods inside
driving into it in the vehicle.
The jury found for the plaintiff, so the accused
plaintiff a person that brings a legal action against sb in a lawcourt 1
had to apologize.
The guilt was not proved so the accused was
acquitted allowed to go free with no blame attached 1
acquitted.
a person who calls the witnesses when it is their turn to I heard bailiff shouting my surname and I
bailiff 1
come into the courtroom knew it was my turn to testify.
Our local constable used to be on the beat in
to be on the
of policeman, to walk around an area to prevent trouble patrolować the evenings so we felt pretty safe on the 1
beat
streets.
The teenagers were arrested for spraying
petty crime less serious offences 1
graffiti on various buildings, which is a good
strona 5
example of the sorts of petty crime young
people get involved in round here.
Parents won't allow their children to walk to
abduct to take sb away illegally 1
school alone in case they are abducted.
He was accused of larceny - they said he'd
larceny theft 1
stolen CDs from a shop.
The Pope has said many times that abortion
criminalize to make sth illegal by passing a new law should be criminalized.The Pope has often 1
called for the criminalization of abortion.
He claimed he had been made a scapegoat for
scapegoat sb who is blamed for sth bad even if it is not their fault kozioł ofiarny 1
the administration failures.
confidence
sb who deceives or cheats people naciągacz a slick, fasttalking confidence trickster 1
trickster
contempt of disobedience or disrespect towards a court of law, not
obraza sądu As a result of contempt of court he was fined 1
court doing what a judge or a court of law has told you to do
to fiddle the
manipulować
accounts/ to
to give false figures in a company's financial records w księgach He was caught while fiddling the accounts. 1
cook the
handlowych
books
a system that allows some criminals not to go to prison or
The court fined him and gave him two year's
probation to be released early if they behave well and see a kuratela 1
probation.
probation officer regularly, for a fixed period of time
wpisać
to endorse a a note placed on sb's driving licence after being caught naruszenie After jumping the lights he had his licence
1
licence committing a driving offence przepisów do endorsed.
prawa jazdy
to wipe
out/stamp
zlikwidować The president promised to clamp down on
out/clamp to take every possible step in order to end or reduce crime 1
przestępczość crime as quickly as possible.
down on
crime
when a criminal is at large he's free and can commit People are afraid to walk the streets as the
to be at large grasować 1
crimes murderer is still at large.
She embezzled $10,000 by falsifying the
embezzle to steal money from the place where you work malwersować 1
accounts
black the system by which people illegally buy and sell foreign
spekulacja There's a thriving black market in vehicle parts1
marketing money and goods that are difficult to obtain
uchylanie się
tax evasion avoiding to pay taxes od płacenia Al. Capone was arrested for tax evasion. 1
podatków
to illegally force sb to give you money by threatening The landlord tried to cover his losses by
to extort wymuszać 1
them extorting high rents from tenants.
Genocide is characteristic of the Second
genocide the deliberate killing of a nation or race of people 1
World War.
Ethnic cleansing was first brought into
ethnic the policy or practice of killing or driving out of an area
practice by the Serbs in the former 1
cleansing the people of one race or religion by those of another
Yugoslavia.
the state of being sent away from one's native country or
exile home, esp. for political reasons or as punishment; forced For political reasons she was sent into exile. 1
absence
an
outburst/an An outbreak of violence was the first stage of
a sudden appearance or start of violence 1
outbreak(of the revolution.
violence)
a great or complete change involving disturbance, Political upheavals are very common these
an upheaval 1
confusion, trouble days.
coup d'etat a sudden, illegal and often violent, change of government He seized power in a military coup d'etat. 1
The riots were triggered off by a series of
trigger sth off to be the cause of a sudden, often violent action 1
police arrests.
deterrent (to) thing that makes sb decide not to do sth Punishment is seen as deterrent to crime. 1
desire for One of the aspects of death penalty is society's
desire for revenge 1
retribution desire for retribution.

strona 6
Education
a creche the first step in children's education żłobek To attend a creche 1
nursery
education for young children between 3 and 5 years old przedszkole To attend nursery school; to go to ~ 1
school
a place where children can wait for parents after their
common room lessons also place where pupils can learn, read, play, do świetlica To be in the ~ 1
their homework
a program prepared for schools, universities etc, setting program
a curriculum To introduce into the ~ 1
out the material to be examined nauczania
special kind of school where secondary school leavers
technical szkoła
may attend to gain vocational qualifications, such as brick To attend ~ 1
college zawodowa
laying or hair dressing.
a schedule a synonym for timetable. rozkład, plan Full schedule; tight schedule 1
kuć, zakuwać
to cram to study at the last minute To ~ for an exam 1
(do egzaminu)
an evaluation
different marks from A to E (1 to 6) skala ocen 1
range
a truant a person who leaves lessons and lectures on purpose wagarowicz To play truant 1
a backlog a gap in your knowledge which you should fill in zaległości To make up for one's backlog 1
studies that you have to pay for ; the classes usually take
extra mural
place outside of normal teaching times, at weekends, studia zaoczne To take part in ~ 1
studies
during summer holidays etc.
a student a building where students from different towns and cities akademik,
To live at ~ 1
hostel live during their studies internat
wynajmować
a private
a room or a flat hired by students prywatne To rent a ~ 1
lodging
mieszkanie
a sum of money you get from university to buy textbooks,
a grant stypendium To give a ~ ; - to apply for a ~ 1
to pay for private lodging etc.
a rector the most important person at a university rektor 1
a dean a director of a department at university dziekan 1
an area controlled by a dean or the place where a dean
a deanery dziekanat 1
lives
an assembly
big hall in a school, An old assembly hall. 1
hall
a satchel the bag you carry your school books in, To wear a ~ tornister 1
No prompting, or you'll be expelled from the
to prompt to help another student/pupil during a test podpowiadać 1
exam
ukończenie To hold a graduation ceremony; university
graduation finishing the university with the degree 1
studiów graduation; to graduate in ~
parent-
teacher komitet
a group of parents cooperating with school staff To be a member of the ~ 1
association or rodzicielski
pta
Bachelor of Arts/Science/Educationfirst degree at
ba/bsc/bed licencjat 1
university after three years' study
Master of Arts/MSc - Master of Science/MPhil - Master of
ma Philosophy/MEd - Master of Education - the second magister To get a ~ 1
degree you get at university after a further 2 years' study.
phd Doctor of Philosophy - the third degree level doktorat 1
Environment
Whale-oil used to be given to children to
whaleoil (n) liquid from whale's livers; tran 1
protect them from illnesses.
miejsce, gdzie
Some waste should be recycled rather than
landfill a place where waste can be buried zakopuje się 1
kept at landfills. at a landfill, a landfill site
śmieci
Many by-products of the electronics industry
carcinogenic causing cancer rakotwórczy are highly carcinogenic and more and more 1
people are dying of cancer.
The land was barren and people couldn't grow
barren infertile jałowy 1
any plants there. collocation: barren land, soil
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collocation: depletion OF sth Depletion of the
depletion serious decrease uszczuplenie ozone layer is one of the most serious 1
problems of our environment.
Instead of being incinerated most waste could
incinerate to burn, reduce to ashes spalać 1
be recycled.
slash and collocation: slash and burn farming, technique
wycinanie i
burn felling trees then burning them "Slash and burn " farming can cause both 1
palenie lasów
technique deforestation and soil erosion.
All man-made disasters can be noxious for
noxious harmful, toxic szkodliwy 1
animals and their environment
Oil slicks are particularly dangerous for
wading birds longlegged birds that walk through water ptaki brodzące wading birds as they can easily get smothered 1
with oil.
an act of killing large numbers of people/animals in a
slaughter zabijanie, rzeź Elephants are slaughtered for their ivory. 1
cruel and violent way; also: to slaughter(v)
form of temporary shelter made of branches and used esp.
twigloo by environmental protesters; derived probably from 'twig' pine twigloo; protesters' twigloo 1
and 'igloo' in 1995 in Britain.
a set of adverse environmental conditions found in a
sbs - sick
building in which the environment is a health risk to its
building 1
inhabitants, esp. because of inadequate ventilation or air
syndrome
conditioning
sbs - sick set of symptoms (headache, dizziness, general tiredness)
A person with SBS (NOT SBS syndrome);
building experienced by people who live or work in such a 1
common presence of SBS in skyscrapers
syndrome building; introduced in 1983)
dna profiling / process of constructing an outline or profile of a person's Expensive DNA profiling; usage of DNA
1
fingerprinting individual characteristics, here on the basis of gene map. profiling
a colloquial use: fundamentalist, esp. Religious ~ or as a
fundie or
member of a radical branch of the Green Movement; also Environmental fundie; green fundies' protest 1
fundy
called a deep green
ecological something which has had a permanent damaging effect on
1
footprint the surrounding environment; introduced in nineties
environmental policy promoting a controlled use of
wise use natural resources; very popular in the USA; first served in
1
movement positive sense, in the end used to defend commodity
production
a traffic management scheme, marked by red lines along
red route the edge of the road; designed to ease congestion on main 1
roads in LONDON, introduced in 1991
maltreating by the environmentally irresponsible; 'abuse'
river abuse can be applied to any field or element of environment; 1
very fashionable expression
environmental limits set by the environment to the reproduction potential
1
resistance for a certain species when its group is too numerous
rather unusual and controversial hypothesis in recent
the gaia
years, stating that the earth can be treated as a single 1
hypothesis
organism and so capable of self - maintenance
Mass Media
inexhaustible that will always continue; never finished She seems to have inexhaustible energy. 1
to stumble Police investigating tax fraud stumbled across
to find sth/sb unexpectedly or by chance 1
across a drugs ring.
adresistant resistant to advertisements 1
wishful There's no evidence to suggest that this
a belief based on wishes and not facts 1
thinking forecast is anything but wishful thinking.
hoarding large board used for displaying advertisements 1
ubiquitous adj, seeming to be everywhere at the same time 1
blatant adj, done openly , without shame, very obvious, flagrant the sheer blatancy of the crime 1
to suggest sth indirectly rather than stating it directly
to imply His silence implied agreement. 1
implied criticism
to bring an image , a feeling , a memory, etc. into one's
to evoke The music evoked memories of her youth. 1
mind to evoke surprise, sympathy
for the sake of in order to get or keep sth She plays basketball for the sake of being fit. 1
strona 8
doing sth
to carry out to conduct an experiment The tests have been carried out on the patient. 1
in the nude wearing no clothes swimming in the nude 1
I feel apprehensive about the results of the
apprehensive ( about/ of sth) anxious about sth in the future. 1
exams.
celebrity a famous person celebrities of stage and screen 1
Copies of the magazine were withdrawn from
the usual number of copies of a newspaper or a magazine
circulation circulation. The News Of The World has the 1
that are sold each day, week, etc.
largest circulation.
The newspaper has become the official
a person, newspaper, etc. that informs the public about the mouthpiece of the opposition party. The
mouthpiece 1
opinions of a group of people or political organization. Morning Star is the official mouthpiece of the
Communist Party.
The union is in dispute with management over
dispute discussion about a subject where there is a disagreement. 1
working hours.
organization of workers, usually in a particular industry,
trade union that exists to protect their interest, improve conditions of 1
work.
person who is successful in business or industry and has
tycoon Rupert Murdoch was an newspaper tycoon. 1
become rich and powerful.
an activity, a form of entertainment, etc. that helps you
escapism For John books are a form of escapism 1
avoid or forget unpleasant or boring things.
connected with parts of a country that do not include the The Scotsman and Glasgow Herald are the
provincial 1
capital city most famous Scottish provincial newspapers.
the title of a newspaper article printed in large letters, The scandal was in the headlines for several
headline 1
especially at the top of the front page. days.
the act of printing a statement about somebody that is not
libel He sued the newspaper for libel 1
true and that gives people a bad opinion of them.
a magazine that is published every week, month, etc.
periodical 1
especially one that is concerned with an academic subject.
a report in a newspaper or magazine in which somebody
review His new novel has been favorably reviewed. 1
gives their opinion of a book, play, film, record, etc
intended to be amusing or easily enjoyable rather than too
lighthearted 1
serious.
an activity that you do for pleasure when you are not
pastime Photography is her favorite pastime. 1
working. Hobby.
morally disgusting; offensive; likely to corrupt and
obscene 1
deprave (esp. by regarding or describing sex indecently).
a back issue I got really bored while waiting in a queue
nieaktualny
(number) of a - because there was only a back issue of a 1
numer gazety
newspaper newspaper lying on the table.
ogłoszenia She always starts browsing her newspaper
want ad a short advertisement in a newspaper 1
drobne from want ads.
piping hot najciekawsze Cathy bought "The Sun" only for the piping
the freshest news 1
news wiadomości hot news about the president's affair.
pismak,
mierny
an artistic work usually of low quality, that has been I wouldn't expect that such a talented writer
potboiler artkykuł 1
created quickly just to earn money can be the author of this pot-boiler.
napisany dla
zarobku
hit/made/reac
Trafić na The comedian hit the headlines when he was
hed/grabbed to become written about a lot in a newspaper 1
czołówki accused of eating a pet hamster.
the headlines
The concert promoters put out a press release
a public statement given to the press to publish if they two weeks before the event, with details of the
press realease 1
wish charities to which they would donate their
profits.
There were three cricket commentators in the
press box a room kept for reporters to work in, esp. at sports events 1
press box.
relacjonować
to cover an wydarzenie,
to report the news about a particular important event 1
event napisać
sprawozdanie
strona 9
to cover an
She's covering the American election for BBC television. 1
event
the time in television and radio broadcasting when the najlepszy czas The interview will be broadcast during prime
prime time 1
highest number of people are watching or listening antenowy time, at 7 o'clock in the evening.
splash sensacja Several newspapers splashed colour pictures
to print in a very noticeable way 1
(across) prasowa of Britney Spears across their front pages.
to be on the
to broadcast on radio or television być na antenie There is a famous TV announcer on the air. 1
air
wiadomości z
home news news from a particular country I haven't seen the home news yet. 1
kraju
wiadomości w I always read the head-line news before
headline news news presented in the shortened version 1
skrócie breakfast.
broadcasting stacja There was a breakdown of a broadcasting
a station that makes it possible to receive a broadcast 1
station nadawcza station yesterday.
good/bad the degree to which radio or television sounds and pictures dobry/zły We can't expect good reception from this TV
1
reception are clear odbiór set.
the road in London where most of Britain's national
prasa Fleet Street is a powerful force in British
fleet street newspapers were produced in the past, often used to refer 1
londyńska society.
to British national newspapers in general
the fourth The fourth estate has a great influence on
the other name for media czwarta władza 1
estate social life.
upto-the- news having or including the most recent information najświeższe Up-to-the-minute-news is provided by 24 hour
1
minute-news possible wiadomości channels like Sky News or CNN.
bieżący On the 11th September this year everybody
running
a spoken description of an event as it happens reportaż was listening to the running commentary from 1
commentary
radiowy the United States.
Every article has to be proofread before it is
proofread to read and correct a piece of written or printed work zrobić korektę 1
printed.
I was at a casting session for a walk-on part in
walkon part rola statysty 1
"Quo vadis" yesterday.
film, który
Every film-goer will tell you that "Pulp
mustsee a film that must be seen należy 1
Fiction" is a must-see.
obejrzeć
honorarium The author of very famous article published in
royalty a payment made to a writer 1
autorskie "the New York Times" was paid high royalty.
photographs & illustrations in books, newspapers & opracowanie The person who is responsible for artwork is
artwork 1
magazines graficzne called a typographer.
During the communist regime government had
kronika
newsreel a short cinema film of recent event newsreels produced that cast a positive light 1
filmowa
on often unfair government policy.
hit the information about the sinking of the
to appear as an important item of news in newspapers, trafić na
/reach/make Russian submarine, the Kursk, hit the 1
television, or on radio czołówki
the headlines headlines.
broad/detailed szczegółowa There is detailed coverage of the government's
detailed reporting of news ,events 1
coverage relacja debates.
Politically Correct Language
aurally You may have to repeat what you say to him-
deaf 1
challenged he's aurally challenged.
vertically His wife is quite tall , but he is definitely
short 1
challenged vertically challenged.
He's slightly bald at the top of his head- but he
hair
bald prefers to be referred to as hair disadvantaged, 1
disadvantaged
not bald.
financially I can't pay you right now- I'm somewhat
broke; with no money 1
embarrased financially embarrassed.
Some of your staff seem intellectually
intellectually
stupid challenged- they have problems with the most 1
challenged
simple tasks.
visually It's less socially offensive when you call the
blind 1
impaired blind visually impaired .

strona 10
Politics
to grease
to bribe somebody; to give a sum of money to sb in return In many countries you can't get anything done
somebody's 1
for some, often dishonest, help without greasing the palms of officials.
palm
moneylaunder
ing/ to to transfer money obtained illegally to foreign banks, The gang laundered the drugs money through
1
launder using respectable business, so as to disguise its source their chain of restaurants.
money
a fund of money used for illegal purposes, esp by a They created a slush fund to bribe influential
a slush fund 1
political party officials.
a poll a box where you put your ballot paper 1
a ballot paper a piece of paper on which you mark your vote 1
an electoral
a poster on which there are all the candidates enlisted 1
roll
frontrunner
candidates that seem most likely to win (elections) 1
candidates
a landslide a victory in an election gained by many more votes than He was expected to win by a landslide.
1
victory the other people or parties Labour's landslide victory of 1997.
a political a state in which a person (a politician) or a party is no
1
oblivion longer important
an outright
a complete and total majority 1
majority
a
minority/majo a government created by the minority/ majority in the
1
rity Parliament
government
coalition
a party that helps the winners to form the government 1
partner
a promise to do sth, the willingness to work hard and give the government's commitment to public
commitment 1
your energy and time to keep it services
a key
a main purpose, sth that you are trying to achieve to meet/ achieve your objective 1
objective
to increase or improve the good quality, value or status of This is an opportunity to enhance the
to enhance 1
sb/ sth reputation of the government.
(to sb) (for sth) responsible for your decisions or action Politicians are ultimately accountable to the
accountable 1
and expected to explain them when you are asked voters.
an a public statement or action showing that you support sb/ The election victory is a clear endorsement of
1
endorsement sth their politics.
a continued support for a political party, religion, ruler, etc
(to pledge/ swear allegiance to sb/ sth; to switch/ transfer/ People of various party allegiance joined the
allegiance 1
change allegiance; an oath/ a vow/ a statement of campaign.
allegiance
a breach a failure to do sth that must be done by law They are in breach of Article 119.; 1
an action that breaks an agreement to behave in a
a breach a breach of confidence/ trust 1
particular way
a shambles a situation in which there is a lot of confusion or disorder The government is in a shambles over Europe. 1
the
judiciarythe
the judges of a country or a state considered as a group 1
judicial
branch
the
executivethe the part of a government responsible for putting laws into
1
executive effect
branch
the legislature
a group of people who have the power to make and
the legislature 1
change laws
branch
finance policy A plan of action concerning public finances 1
fiscal policy A plan of action concerning taxes 1
the legal
the system of all laws in a country 1
system
to summon to arrange the meeting of the parliament 1
strona 11
the
parliament
eurosceptics people that are reluctant to the European unity 1
a group of many different people that do not seem to
a motley crew 1
belong together
mutual
respect shared by two or more people 1
respect
contradictory
laws that show a lack of agreement 1
laws
Relationships
twotime (sb) to deceive, to be unfaithful to one's partner zdradzać Mary's afraid her boyfriend is two-timing her. 1
slang term for sexual activity, or for succeeding to attract uprawiać seks, Did you score on Saturday? Yeah, I always
score 1
a partner zaliczyć pick someone up on Saturdays!
commonlaw person living with his/her partner for a long time but not konkubina, In many countries common-law wives have
1
husband/wife married to him/her konkubent the same rights as official ones.
(with sb) to have sexual intercourse with a person one is He denied fornicating with his wife's best
fornicate cudzołożyć 1
not married to. friend.
Matrimony has completely changed his
matrimony state of being married małżeństwo 1
attitude towards life.
They decided to adopt a child, when it
infertile not able to have children bezpłodny 1
occurred that Kevin is infertile.
podrywać,
chat sb up to talk to sb because you're sexually attracted to her/him Look! That guy's chatting up your girlfriend. 1
zalecać się
to make
to try insistently to pick sb up The drunk kept on making passes at her. 1
passes at sb
hereditary passed on from parent to child dziedziczny Do you think intelligence is hereditary? 1
sexual molestowanie
to pay sb unwanted sexual attention She accused her boss of sexual harassment 1
harassment seksulane
to immediately have a good relationship with sb when you przypaść sobie I knew you and Mike would hit it off straight
hit it off 1
meet them for the first time do gustu away.
to be able to have a good relationship because you Many parents find it difficult to relate to their
relate to wczuwać się 1
understand how sb feels and thinks teenage children.
(with) a good relationship between people who understand You are lucky to have such a good rapport
rapport bliski kontakt 1
and agree with each others' opinions and ideas with your boss.
feeling of liking and understanding sb because you have podobieństwo,
affinity She felt a natural affinity with these people 1
the same interests or beliefs as them pokrewieństwo
We can't sign a contract with them - we
a strong relationship between two people, countries,
already have other ties. The country wants its
ties organisationz etc.; especially when they have więzi 1
independence and intends to loosen its ties
responsibilities towards each other
with Britain.
a person's descendants are their children, their children's Many of them are descendants of the original
descendant potomek 1
children and so on settlers.
a person who is not a citizen of the country in which they Britain is having difficulty dealing with a
alien cudzoziemiec 1
live or work flood of illegal aliens.
in loco The court appointed him John's father in loco
having the same responsibility for a child as a parent has 1
parentis (adv.) parentis.
foster a family etc. in which sb takes another person's child into przybrani
parents/family their home for a period of time, without becoming his/her rodzice/rodzin The Joneses were Patrick's foster family. 1
/home legal parent a/dom
odmówić,
He asked her to marry him but she turned him
turn sb down to reject sb's proposal odrzucić 1
down.
propozycję
nearest and the person or people from your immediate family or krewni i Paul's nearest and dearest were at his birthday
1
dearest friends przyjaciele party.
a household consisting of a mother, father and children najbliższa Not everybody nowadays lives in a
nuclear family 1
(no other combinations allowed) rodzina conventional nuclear family.
współcześni,
contemporari people who are alive at the same time or attend the same żyjący w tych He was a contemporary of Freud and may
1
es institution at the same time samych have known him.
czasach
keep yourself zachowywać The Emperor kept himself aloof from the
to show no interest in people 1
aloof się z rezerwą, people.
strona 12
trzymać się z
daleka
najbliższa
next of kin your closest living relative The form must be signed by your next of kin. 1
rodzina
confirmed zatwardziały Tom was 54 and not married which meant he
a man who is not likely to get married 1
bachelor kawaler was a confirmed bachelor.
His forebears had come to America from
forebear a person in your family who lived long ago przodek 1
Ireland.
modyfikować
splice a gene to modify a gene They spliced a gene to improve it. 1
geny
the use of any of the various methods which are intended This is the most reliable method of
contraception antykoncepcja 1
to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant contraception.
an operation which, together with hormone treatment,
sex change operacja After his sex change, Gerald became
gives a man many of the characteristics of woman or a 1
(operation) zmiany płci Geraldine.
woman many of the characteristics of man
std (sexually choroba
one which people become infected with during sexual
transmitted przenoszona AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease. 1
activity
disease) drogą płciową
przedmałżeńsk
premarital before marriage Attitudes to premarital sex vary greatly. 1
i
uciekać z Many young people elope because their
to elope to run away with somebody in order to marry him secretly 1
domu (z kimś) parents wouldn't let them get married.
Science and Technology
one of the most important ways of communication via
Internet. It is based on sending text messages that contain
email email 1
message, reciever's address, sender's address and some
additional information.
notebook is a small portable computer. It is hitech and komputer
notebook 1
usually very expensive przenośny
net some kind of web sieć 1
skrócona
net shorter name of the Internet nazwa 1
Internetu
operating soul of our computer, a software that enables us to use the system
1
system computer (Windows, DOS, Linux) operacyjny
the reality that is not real, but is generated by the wirtualna
virtual reality 1
computer very visible in the newest video games rzeczywistość
it's a place in Internet where one can talk with other
chatroom czat 1
people about things that interest him. He can do it live.
compact disc. Normally used to store music, but
cd płyta CD 1
nowadays it is used also to store data.
a sort of Internet service. Via portal users have access to
portal portal 1
the most recent news from all fields.
(of equipment or process) directly controlled by or
podłączenie się
online connected to a central processor adv. while thus controlled 1
do sieci
or connected
an International Computer Network linking computers
internet from educational institutions, government, agencies, internet 1
industry
programs and other operating information used by a oprogramowan
software 1
computer ie
computer hidden code within a computer program intended to wirus
1
virus corrupt a system or destroy data stored in it komputerowy
zwolennicy
silver surfers biggest fans of e-mails poczty 1
elektronicznej
dwindle become gradually smaller, shrink zmniejszyć się 1
światowa
www - word
place where you can get access to information pajęczyna, 1
wide web
strony WWW
place where for entrance fee you can not only eat a cookie cyber
cyber cafe 1
and drink coffee but you can also log into Internet kawiarnia
strona 13
irc - internet Internet service which enables leading conversations by rozmowy w
1
relay chat two or more persons sieci
nap network dostęp do
access to Internet 1
access point Internetu
pages in Internet where you can find information on
web sites strony w sieci 1
various items
surfers people who use Internet serferzy 1
komputer
służący do
mail
computer which is used to accept and send e-mail wymiany 1
exchanger
poczty
elektronicznej
homepage title page of given subject strona tytułowa 1
grupy
groups in which we can exchange our views on various
newsgroups dyskusyjne w 1
subjects
Internecie
signs which express our mood in e-mails (the word
buźki ,
emoticons emoticons comes from two words "EMOTIONS" :-) ;-) :( ;-( are the most common emoticons. 1
uśmieszki
(uczucia) and "ICON" (symbol)
hacker a man who breaks into other systems and computer nets haker 1
a local net where computers are connected to one canal of
ethernet sieć lokalna 1
data
programs which you can get for free (the word freeware programy
freeware 1
comes from two words "free" and "software") gratisowe
voice mail voice message which is sent by Internet poczta głosowa 1
teksty
junk mail advertisement texts which are sent by email reklamowe lub 1
maile - śmieci
a device for firing the explosive mixture in an internal- You have to clean sparking plugs and try to
spark plug 1
combustion engine start your lawnmower again.
Washing machine for sale - only two months
pristine in its original condition nieskazitelny 1
old and in pristine condition.
We were weighed down with sleeping bags,
impedimenta equipment for an activity or expedition gas cookers and pans- all the impedimenta of 1
camping.
geniusz,
a person, especially a young one, endowed with Germany seemed a prodigy of industrial
prodigy cudowne 1
exceptional qualities or abilities discipline. Mozart was a child prodigy.
dziecko
Our security system is absolutely foolproof.
not capable of going wrong or being wrongly used; easy niezawodny,
foolproof This new video recorder is supposed to be 1
to operate nie psujący się
foolproof.
I ate lots of onion and I did not feel ill so that
prove that something is false (disprove theory, disprove obalać,
disprove disproves my theory that it is onion which 1
belief) odpierać
makes me sick.
painstaking research (hard, detailed)
substantial research (solid, deep) laborious
the systematic investigation into and study of materials research (arduous) The historical background
research and sources in order to establish facts and reach new badanie to the play had been carefully researched. We 1
conclusions. are fighting meningitis by raising money for
medical research. It took months of
painstaking research to write a book.
fuzzy transmission (blurred) faulty
transmisja,
the action or process of transmitting something or the state transmission I can pick up a lot of stations on
transmission przesyłanie, 1
of being transmitted the radio but the transmission is usually a bit
przekazywanie
fuzzy.
przeprowadzać
carry perform a task or planned operation, carry out: an The scientists carried out an experiment. Nigel
badania, 1
something out experiment, market research survey is carrying out research on early Christian art.
doświadczenie
acquire data, classify data, compile data,
dane, record data, fabricate data, gather data, obtain
data facts or information 1
informacja data, reveal data How much data can we store
on one disk? The data is still being analyzed.
dissertation a long essay on a particular subject, especially one written Ann did her dissertation on Baudelaire. 1
strona 14
for a university degree or diploma
a machine or device that appears strange or unnecessarily ustrojstwo, Whatever is that weird contraption you have
contraption 1
complicated and often badly made or unsafe gadżet got in your garage?!
conventional assumption crucial assumption
(un)realistic assumption strong assumption
ridiculous assumption We are working on the
a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen,
assumption założenie assumption that the time of death was after 1
without proof
midnight. Our figures are based on the
assumption that the rate of inflation will be
5% by the end of the year.
Solar power is the conversion of the sun's
conversion the process of transformation przemiana 1
energy into heat and electricity.
a powerful and very dangerous rays that are sent out from High levels of radiation have been recorded
promieniowani
radiation certain substances; you cannot see or feel radiation but it near the power station. My friend died after 1
e
can cause serious illness or death (promieniowanie) being exposed to radiation.
She sent a sample of her work in an attempt to
a small quantity of something that is typical of the rest of
sample próbka get a job. The nurse said she would take a 1
it (próbka)
blood sample and test it.
Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum.
Nature is said to abhor a vacuum. The main
vacuum a space that contains no substance and no air or gas próżnia limitation on the life of a light bulb is not the 1
thickness of the filament but the degree of
vacuum. Also: vacuum cleaner, vacuum flask
bending of light rays when they pass from one transparent załamanie You can see refraction of light in action by
refraction 1
material to another światła placing a drinking straw in a glass of water.
Are their blood groups compatible? (can blood
able to exist or occur together without problems or kompatybilny, from one person be given to the other?) The
compatible 1
conflict zgodny printer is fully compatible with all leading
software.
debugować,
identify and remove errors from computer hardware or Games are the worst to debug. I will need a
debug wyszukiwać i 1
software couple of hours to debug this program.
usuwać błędy
convincing/ temporary/permanent/ readymade/
existing formula The formula for carbon is
formula a mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols wzór 1
CO. What is the formula for converting miles
to kilometers?
false/ unlikely/ useful/ tentative/ bald/fanciful
hypothesis to be based on the hypothesis that...
an idea that is suggested as the possible explanation for Dr. Elwood said that the belief that milk could
hypothesis hipoteza 1
something be harmful was based on the hypothesis that
fat causes heart disease. A hypothesis has been
put forward t
Her art is a synthesis of modern and traditional
synthesis the combining of separate things to form a complex whole synteza 1
techniques.
Plants need sunlight for the synthesis of their food from
synthesis 1
carbon dioxide and water.
The over-loud amplification spoilt the concert.
amplification an increase in the strength of radio signals wzmocnienie 1
The band brought its own amplification.
nucleus the central portion of an atom jądro DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell. 1
The fission of the cell could be inhibited with
fission the splitting of an atomic nucleus rozszczepienie certain chemicals. Commercial nuclear power 1
is provided by fission at the present time.
Communication
The arcane attitude of the FBI must be dealt
tajemniczy,
arcane mysterious, secretive. with soon - we need more openess in 2
skryty
government, not less.
Those at the top end of the alphabet have high
conversely opposite to. odwrotnie self-esteem while, conversely, those at the 2
bottom have low selfesteem.
będący w Those at the lower end of the alphabet are
disadvantaged in unfavourable conditions. niekorzystnym disadvantaged by their position when things 2
położeniu are arranged in alphabetical order. They

strona 15
certainly have to wait longer, at any rate.
absurdalny, There's a spaceship in your back garden? What
ludicrous absurd, ridiculous, laughable. 2
śmieszny a ludicrous idea!
krytyczny, The manager of our football team came in for
scathing severely critical. 2
zjadliwy scathing criticism after yet another defeat.
dostatni, Most people would say that Britain is an
affluent rich. będący w affluent society, particularly compared to third 2
dobrobycie world countries.
Some people say we should all champion the
to champion
to support the cause of/defend sth.; cause of feminism for in the end i'ts in 2
sth
everybody's interest to do so.
to plough
to plod heavily through some tiresome, laborious task.; 2
through sth
to strike out to hit/lash out at sb or sth. 2
on the wane in decline. 2
to be sitting Manchester United are sitting pretty at the top
to be in a comfortable position/doing well.; 2
pretty of the league yet again.
The union representative assured his
in the bag assured. ; 2
colleagues that the pay rise was in the bag.
to pull/bring The union leader had pulled it off yet again -
to be (unexpectedly) successful in one's attempt to do sth. 2
sth off nobody had expected such a large pay rise.
The children had succeeded in opening the can
to have
to really enjoy oneself. of paint and were having themselves a ball 2
oneself a ball
painting the living room walls!
Portsmouth carried all before them in their
to carry all
to triumph/make a big impression on others. campaign to win the league by a record 2
before one
number of points.
to be at the
President Bush is at the top of his tree - he
top of one's to be at the top of one's profession. 2
can't go any higher.
tree
Having passed all the tests given to them so
to come up to
to meet required standards. far, it had to be said that the students were up 2
scratch
to scratch.
Most company executives can be described as
a high flyer descriptive term for sb who is doing very well. 2
high flyers.
to go great Having won their first seven matches, the
to be doing very well, often at speed. 2
guns Portsmouth football team are going great guns.
to be a dab
very good at doing (normally) practical things. George is a dab hand at decorating. 2
hand at sth
to be hunky With the pay rise assured, everything was
swell, okay, fine! 2
dory hunky dory with the staff.
Promotion, a pay rise and an offer of the
to be coming
to be turning out fine!; chairman's daughter's hand in marriage! 2
up roses
Everything was coming up roses for Gerald.
to be streets Manchester United are streets ahead of any
to be much better than sth else. 2
ahead other English football team at the moment.
Very few television programmes are special -
run of the mill so-so, average, nothing special. 2
most of them are run of the mill.
Who's the top dog round here? I want to speak
top dog the boss, number one. 2
to the boss.
to talk under
in a low voice so that no-one can hear you półgębkiem 'Son of a bitch,' he muttered under his breath. 2
one's breath
at the top of As a teacher in a primary school I had to talk
as loud as possible. 2
one's voice at the top of my voice for most of the time.
to speak with sudden pauses and a tendency to repeat the
stammer I, I am s-s-s-orry. 2
same sound or syllable rapidly.
(about) to speak or say sth in a low voice that is not clear,
mumble He always mumbles when he is embarassed. 2
so that people cannot hear what is said.
The two neighbours spend hours standing at
chinwag (esp. Br.) to gossip, chat, have an informal conversation. 2
the fence and chinwagging.
talk the hind
zagadac na
legs of a you had better not come up to that guy in the corner. 2
smierć
donkey
strona 16
a language used for communication between people in an
lingua franca English is becoming ~of the world. 2
area where a number of languages are spoken. ;
Only occasionally did the ~ redness around his
sth that is described as ~ gives away inf. often about sth
telltale eyes betray the fatigue. The ~ smell of 2
bad that would otherwise not be know.
cigarette smoke
(with) to make constant small movements in a way that
fidget She was fidgeting anxiously with her button. 2
annoys other people.
She fiddled with the things on her desk to
fiddle (with) to move sth a little or touch sth often. 2
avoid having to look at him.
(to sb to do sth) to make a gesture to sb with a hand, arm He beckoned the waiter when he found the fly
beckon 2
or head, usually to make them come nearer or to follow. in his soup. I could see him beckoning to me.
to raise one's shoulder slightly as a way of expressing I asked her who Sam was, but she shrugged
shrug 2
doubt, lack of interest, etc. and said nothing.
clench one's hold them together tightly, usually because of anger or
John stared ad Jim, his fists and jaw clenched 2
jaw/fists/teeth determination.
purse one's to hold them together tightly into a small circle, to show Mrs Bidwell pursed her lips and raised her
2
lips disapproval or doubt. eyebrows.
to lean the body completely backwards or forwards,
A slumping posture can be interpreted as
slump because of exhaustion, lack of consciousness or any 2
offensive.
interest.
to walk or sit with shoulders bent forwards, which makes
slouch Stop slouching, it is not good for your back. 2
the person look tired or lazy.
It looks funny when my baby daughter scowls
scowl (at) to look at someone in an angry way. 2
at me when I do not take her from her bed.
rock back and to move forwards and backwards, sometimes as an
2
forth unconscious mannerism
Martha rolled her eyes when Tom started to
roll one's eyes to move eyes round and upwards, esp. to show annoyance. 2
tell another stupid joke.
tilt one's head to move head or chin upwards or to the side. Joe tilted his head and looked thoughtful. 2
giveaway some kind of sign or signal that makes something known He smile was giveaway that she was lying. 2
to look or smile at someone in a unpleasant and sexual Jan didn't appreciate Bill leering at her in the
leer 2
way office.
pout to push out one's bottom lip in order to show disapproval Quit pouting and eat your peas! 2
to close one eye and open it again in order to send a signal
wink at He winked at her hoping to catch her attention.2
to another person
to make a facial expression that shows one's own lack of
sneer The convicted man sneered at the jury. 2
respect for somebody
intelligible can be understood His lecture was quite intelligible to all present. 2
the state of the face or body being twisted out of their
contortion The contortion of his face was grotesque. 2
normal states
We knew he was lying because he was
perspire to produce sweat from the body 2
perspiring so heavily.
the process by which heat and/or electricity passes Lie detectors measure the conduction of a
conduction 2
through a material (e.g. skin) person's skin.
Come on - admit you committed the crime!
make a clean
to confess. You'll feel much better if you make a clean 2
breast of sth
breast of things.
No, I'm not joking, I'm on the level - there
be on the level to be honest/serious. really is a spaceship just landed in our back 2
garden!
There's no need to worry anymore - with
be in the clear to be assumed innocent. Hopkin's confession to the crime we're in the 2
clear.
get off/go scot The criminal got off scot free due to a legal
to escape punishment/be released. 2
free technicality.
The ex convict declared that from now on he
keep one's
to stay within the bounds of the law. was going to keep his nose clean and stay 2
nose clean
within the bounds of the law.
be squeaky There's no question of whether Jones is guilty
to be considered completely innocent. 2
clean or not - he's squeaky clean.
be above to be not even contemplated as possibly being guilty. Jones is above suspicion, you mean? 2
strona 17
suspicion
show a clean I chased after the mugger but he showed me a
to run away. 2
pair of heels clean pair of heels and got away.
be caught red Jones was caught red handed - with his hands
to be caught in the act of doing sth - usually sth wrong. 2
handed literally in the till.
The police stated that the escaped prisoners
on the run running away, trying to evade justice. 2
were now on the run.
come clean to confess. 2
You can't escape the long arm of the law - if
the long arm phrase emphasizing the power of the law/the police - as
you commit a crime, they'll catch you in the 2
of the law being far reaching.
end.
be I wouldn't trust Jones if I were you, he's light-
to be prone to stealing things! 2
lightfingered fingered and has a habit of stealing things!
Hopkins has been accused of aiding and
to aid and
to help sb commit a crime. abetting Jones in committing the robbery by 2
abet sb
saying when the manager was away.
You won't get Jones to admit that Hopkins
as thick as
secretive, on close personal terms. helped him though - they're as thick as thieves, 2
thieves
of course.
to turn
You mean, Jones won't turn queen's evidence
queen's to give evidence in court. 2
and say in court that Hopkins helped him?
evidence
to point the Well, that was quite a surprise - when Jones
to indicate that sb is to blame for sth. 2
finger at sb pointed the finger at Hopkins!
I don't know, I suppose it was not such a
to carry the
to take the whole blame for sth. surprise that Jones decided not to carry the 2
can
can!
to leave no The police have declared that they will leave
stone to investigate thoroughly. no stone unturned in their attempt to catch the 2
unturned crooks who robbed the bank.
to tip sb the to give sb/let sb know usually secret/confidential The police knew that sb was going to rob the
2
wink information. bank as sb had tipped them the wink.
to case the Apparently the thieves had been casing the
to observe a property/place before robbing it. 2
joint joint for ages before finally burgling it.
to be in
Criminals, like spies, are quite often in cahoots
cahoots with to be in (secret) collusion with sb. 2
with one another.
sb
an open and
a straightforward case, one easily proved in court. 2
shut case
The criminals made a last ditch attempt to
a last ditch open the safe by blowing it up, but
a final attempt. 2
attempt unfortunately they blew up its contents as
well!
bigamy the crime of being married to two people at the same time 2
misdemeanou (formal) - a bad or unacceptable action that is not very
Al beats his kids for even the smallest ~ 2
r serious.
felony a serious crime, such as murder. For that felony he may be sentenced to death. 2
forger sb who illegally copies documents, money, paintings, etc. 2
sb who is involved in an dishonest manner of obtaining
racketeer 2
money.
fraud/con
sb who deceives people to obtain money, friendship, etc. 2
man
a member of an unofficial military group, that attacks its
guerrilla 2
enemies in small groups unexpectedly
to search a place very thoroughly, stealing things and Houses were wrecked and ransacked by
to ransack 2
causing damage. wandering groups of guerrillas.
The police interrogated the suspect for several
to interrogate to ask sb for a long time to get information. 2
hours.
to set a trap to prepare a trap 2
a false spoken statement about sb, which is intended to
damage the good opinion that people have about that Mr. Jackson was awarded record damages
slander/libel 2
person. The legal offence of making a statement of this against his partners for slander.
kind.
strona 18
failure to take enough care of sth that you are responsible
negligence The architect was sued for criminal ~ 2
for.
an amount of money paid to free sb who is held as a The kidnappers were demanding a ~ of $
ransom 2
prisoner 30,000.
manslaughter the crime of killing a man. 2
counterfeit The criminals were arrested when then tried to
faked money, looking exactly as real money. 2
money pay with ~.
Whose responsibility is it to serve a ~ on Mr.
summons an official order to appear in a court of law. 2
Brown?
baby/wifebatt
the crime of hitting the baby/wife hard 2
ering
Some of the government staff were definitely
espionage the activity of secretly finding out a country secrets. 2
involved in ~
dishonestly offering people money to get them to do us
bribery We tried persuasion, ~ and threats. 2
some favor.
the offence of going onto sb's land without their
trespass 2
permission
rule infraction violation or infringement of a law or agreement 2
to infringe to violate ( a law, agreement) 2
public a person employed by the government to defend criminals Public defenders are often times underpaid
2
defender who most often cannot afford to hire a lawyer and overworked.
to appeal to make a serious or formal request We will appeal to the judge in the morning. 2
a group of people who have been chosen to listen to the
jury facts in a trial and then decide whether a person is The jury took nine days to decide his guilt. 2
innocent or guilty
a legal representative in a court of law who officially That prosecutor wants to put that man in
prosecutor 2
accuses somebody of a crime prison.
the hearing of statements and showing of objects in a
trial court of law for the purpose of judging whether a person is How long will this trial last? 2
guilty of a crime
one or more reasons for believing that some is or is not The amount of evidence against the woman
evidence 2
true led to her rapid conviction.
to officially decide in a court of law that somebody is
to convict The thief was convicted and sent to prison. 2
guilty
to sentence to give a person found guilty of a crime his punishment The judge sentenced me to life imprisonment. 2
to decide officially in a court of law that someone is not It was hard for the public to understand why
to acquit 2
guilty of a particular crime the jury acquitted the gang of thugs.
crime scene the place where a crime has taken place The crime scene was covered in blood. 2
a person who helps somebody else commit a crime or do The crime was too big to be done without the
accomplice 2
something morally wrong help of an accomplice.
a crime in which a person lies in a court of law after She was sentenced to an extra two years in jail
perjury 2
promising not to do so for perjury.
the releasing of a prisoner either temporarily of before his
The crime was committed while the prisoner
parole period in prison is finished, with the agreement that he 2
was out on parole.
behaves well
Health problems caused by mutations in the
disorders problems in how the body functions. 2
genes are referred to as genetic disorders.
the belief that information about heredity can be used to
eugenics 2
improve the human race.
paternity identification of the father of a child. 2
the central part of a cell where the chromosomes are
nucleus 2
contained.
the handing down of certain traits from parents to their The process of heredity occurs through the
heredity 2
offspring. genes.
Sperm of the male and eggs of the female are
germ cells the cells of the body involved in reproduction. 2
formed from germ cells.
to throw a (race, contest) to lose intentionally, especially in return for Look how they are playing. They are going to
2
game (inf.) a bribe. throw the game!
to get caught Do you think an athlet should be banned from
to get caught under the influence of drugs (in sports). 2
doping a race for getting caught doping?
to jeer to make rude or mocking remarks about sb The football fans jeered the referee. 2
offspring child or children 2

strona 19
a species type or sort (usually of plant or anima) 2
genetic a process by which genes are passed artificially into a
2
engineering plant or animal to produce a partially man-made species
in biotechnology, obtaining a group of genetically
identical cells from a single cell. This term has assumed a
cloning 2
more general meaning that includes making copies of a
gene.
the organism which eventually becomes a baby, in its first
an embryo 2
days of being
pairing mother and father, particularly to produce a special
type of offspring e.g. racehorses or high milk-producing
selective
cows. The selection of certain seeds or animals for 2
breeding
reproduction in order to influence the traits inherited by
the next generation.
The central part of a cell where the chromosomes are
nucleus 2
contained.
an inherited disease, which prevents the normal clotting of
haemophilia 2
blood, so that a minor wound may be fatal
pale, yellow fluid portion of the blood; blood form which
blood plasma 2
blood cells and platelets have been removed
infertility an inability to produce children; 2
artificial the placing of the male sperm into a woman by a surgical
2
insemination operation
behavioural the study of whether and how traits for behavior are
2
genetics inherited.
Alan has a very laid back attitude towards his
laid back relaxed, with an easygoing manner (see below). lekkoduszny) 2
work and doesn't take it too seriously.
happygo- Brian has a happy-go-lucky personality -
taking things cheerfully, as they happen. niefrasobliwy 2
lucky nothing seems to bother him.
spokojny, I think, ultimately, strict teachers are better
easygoing not strict, taking things as they are. 2
opanowany than easygoing ones.
Robert is a carefree sort of person and never
carefree free from anxiety or responsibility. opanowany 2
worries about anything.
John is very careless - he's always knocking
careless thoughtless, negligent. beztroski 2
things over.
You seem rather uptight today -what's
uptight tense, nervous. spięty 2
worrying you?
będący
Worrying too much can be ulcerative - you
przyczyną
ulcerative causing ulcers. may have to see a doctor to get yourulcers 2
wystąpienia
treated.
wrzodów)
osoba
opanowana Workaholics are often control freaks - they
control freak sb with an obsessive desire/need to be in control. 2
chęcią must be in charge of everything.
rządzenia)
After their long march, the troops were feeling
weary tired. znużony 2
rather weary.
When playing at high altitudes, teams need
zaaklimatyzow
acclimatised habituated to new climate or situations. time to become acclimatised to the different 2
any
conditions.
Most employers prefer diligent workers to
diligent industrious, hard working. pilny 2
lazy ones!
Sorry, I wasn't conscious of the fact that that
świadomy,
conscious knowing, aware, awake. was your cup of tea - can I make you another 2
przytomny
one?
Being a conscientious person and despite
Robert's acceptance of his apology, Gerald
conscientious scrupulous, obedient to conscience. sumienny 2
still felt pangs of conscience about drinking
Robert's tea!
The Taleban leader said his forces would
capitulate to surrender, give in. kapitulacja never capitulate and would keep fighting to 2
the very last man!
a workout a period of usually strenuous exercise in a gymnasium. ; The occasional work out in a gymnasium is 2
strona 20
good for your health.
to lay prostrate (e.g. on the sofa), or simply to fall rapidly After a busy day at work there's nothing I like
slumped opaść 2
(usually, financially, in value). more than to lay slumped on the sofa!
Alien beings living on the moon - what a
wacky crazy. szalony 2
wacky idea!
być
This vocabulary list is geared to increasing
geared to suited for the purpose of/specially designed for. nastawionym 2
your range of vocabulary.
na coś
I think Jane's sulking after our argument -
to sulk to be silent, inactive, unsociable - esp after an argument. dąsać się 2
she's stopped talking to me.
a doddle easy. łatwizna This test is a doddle - everyone should pass it. 2
The giraffe lolloped its way over to the tree
lollop to move in a lounging/ungainly way.; 2
opposite.
mało I think Gerald's excuse for being late is a little
unlikely, unrealistic, unbelievable (usually relating to a
farfetched prawdopodobn far-fetched - I don't believe a spaceship landed 2
story or idea).
y in his back garden at all!
Don't worry - there's no need to be
disconcerted worried. zaniepokojony disconcerted - Gerald has now been put on 2
medication!
Our therapy is specially designed to help
stressed out in a state of being heavily stressed. zestresowany 2
stressed out businessmen relax.
I wish you'd stop hollering at me - I'm not
hollering shouting. wrzeszczeć 2
deaf!
to be over the
to recover 2
worst,
to get over the
to recover 2
illness
to look below
to look or feel ill 2
par
to be coming
down with sth
to look a bit
run down
to be running
to develop high temperature 2
a temperature
an act of sending out gas form the stomach noisily through
belching John! Can't you stop ~ ? 2
the mouth.
colic severe pain in the stomach and bowels. Little babies suffer from colic very frequently. 2
constipation difficult or infrequent emptying of the bowels 2
Be careful jumping into cool water, as you can
cramp sudden and painful tightening of the muscles 2
get a cramp.
diarrhoea too frequent and watery emptying of the bowels 2
heartburn a burning sensation in the stomach from indigestion 2
hiccups a spasm of the respiratory muscles. It's the third time I have had ~ today. 2
indigestion difficulty in digesting food. Could I get some pills for ~, please? 2
inflammation a redness and swelling attended with heat, pain; How did you get this ~ of your eyes? 2
jaundice yellowness of the skin and the whites of the eyes 2
Doctor, I had some sandwiches for supper, and
nausea feeling of sickness caused by bad food. ; 2
then I suffered from ~ all the night.
Miss Dobson can you think of any situations
neuralgia pain in the nerve ; 2
that precede your ~ ?
yellowish substance coming out from an infected place in You did not want to have your tooth extracted,
pus 2
the body. and now there is a lot of puss in it.
You have rash on your cheeks, you must have
rash patch of tiny red spots on the skin. 2
eaten strawberries, Johnny.
a specially trained nurse, whose job is to help women Traditionally, local midwives would deliver
midwife 2
when they are having a baby all the babies.
He's a quack. I'm not going to follow his
quack someone who pretends to have medical knowledge; 2
advice.
It's recommended to have a routine exam once
physical an examination of the body by a doctor 2
a year.
operating a room in a hospital where operations are done; The patient is already in the operating room. 2

strona 21
room
My grandmother spent most of her childhood
infirmary a hospital; 2
in the infirmary
a large room or section of a hospital where sick people
ward She's in charge of three different wards. 2
stay;
twinge a sudden feeling of slight pain; I'm a bit worried about the twinge in my back. 2
sedative a drug used to make sb sleepy or calm; I had to take a sedative before my operation. 2
a substance given to a patient instead of medicine without
After being given the placebo for several
placebo telling them it is not real, so that they get better because 2
weeks, he started to feel better.
they think that they are taking medicine
preventative medical treatment, advice, or education that is designed to Plenty of sleep is the best form of preventative
2
medicine prevent diseases from happening rather than to cure them; medicine.
alternative Homeopathy is a popular form of alternative
medical treatment that is not based on Western methods; 2
medicine medicine.
She decided to spend her holiday on a health
health farm a place where people go in order to lose weight; 2
farm.
healthful likely to be healthy; Healthful mountain air will do you good. 2
contagious able to be transferred from one person to another; The common cold is highly contagious. 2
psychosomaticcaused by anxiety or worry; His illness is obviously psychosomatic. 2
to be in agony to greatly suffer from pain; The poor guy was in agony. 2
She's been depressed ever since her husband
to pass away to die; 2
passed away.
to pass out to faint; He passes out at the sight of blood. 2
After his accident, he was sent to the country
to convalesce to spend time getting well after an illness; 2
to convalesce.
to be the
Even though he smoked, my dad was the
picture of to appear to be in superb health; 2
picture of health until the day he died.
health
to be on the My dog was on the mend for weeks after
to be healing; 2
mend getting hit by a car.
Education
You're attire's very smart today - have you got
attire dress/clothing. strój 2
an interview?
być Having donned his hat, Gerald decided it was
donned put on/worn. 2
przyodzianym time to leave!
I'm surprised the contestant got that question
blatant obvious. oczywisty wrong - I thought the answer was quite 2
blatant!
pewny, Investing for one's future seems like a sound
sound well founded, healthy. 2
rozsądny idea to me.
Blaming the poor for their poverty seems
equitable fair, just. sprawiedliwy 2
hardly equitable to me.
I've had enough of your chicanery - why can't
chicanery trickery, deceit. przebiegłość 2
you be less deceitful for a change?
kwitnąć,
flourish prosper, or to brandish sth. wymachiwać, Plants won't flourish unless you water them! 2
wywijać
wpajać coś I cannot inculcate upon you enough that you
inculcate impress upon. 2
komuś must think about your future!
revert to ancestral character (usu. in passive), compel to przejaw czegoś
throwback 2
rely on. z przeszłości)
As neither Gerald nor his wife had red hair,
they could only assume that their baby's red
hair was a throwback to Gerald's Celtic
learned (adj) astute, wise. uczony 2
origins? Only once you have studied law for
many years and are truly learned may you
become a judge.
It's difficult to give an accurate appraisal of
oszacowanie,
appraisal estimation. the situation following the earthquake, but 2
ocena
things do look bad.
One should always abide by the law, no matter
to abide by obey, remain faithful to; 2
how unreasonable it is!
strona 22
The possibility of the company being sued is
precluded by prevented; 2
precluded by this clause here...
to pass with After studying very hard, Gerald passed his
to excel, do very well - esp in an exam or test; 2
flying colours exams with flying colours!
Going out for a drink on one's eighteenth
rite of passage initiation; birthday is almost considered a rite of passage 2
by some people in Britain!
Many a person's memory may go into decline
in decline going downhill, deteriorating! 2
as they get older.
If you don't study hard for your exams you'll
to come a come a cropper - like my grandmother who
to succumb to some misfortune, fail; 2
cropper wasn't concentrating when she was walking on
the ice!
With only one parachute between the three of
to be up a them and the plane about to crash, they were
to be in a difficult position; 2
gum tree definitely up a gum tree - or at least the other
two were, decided Gerald!
up the creek
without a to be in a difficult position; 2
paddle
to have one's to face a situation in which one has a lot of work to do if Tony Blair has his work cut out for him if he
2
work cut out one is to succeed. is going to create peace in the middle east.
to be in the Gerald's in the soup - he's smashed yet another
to be in trouble; 2
soup window while playing football!
I'm afraid I'm no great shakes at decorating -
to be no great
to not be very good at sth; I'd only make a mess of things if I tried to 2
shakes at sth
help!
With the defection of our top spy all our plans
to go to pot to go to rack and ruin, to go wrong; 2
have gone to pot!
The manager wondered if his new recruit
to come up to
to meet required standards; would really come up to scratch - as he 2
scratch
seemed very nervous?
With five games left and only one more point
to be sitting
to be in a comfortable position; needed to win the league, there was no doubt 2
pretty
Portsmouth football club were sitting pretty.
apprentice sb learning a trade who works in return for being taught 2
sb studying to become an officer in the army or a
cadet 2
policeman
sb who trains sportsmen for contest or prepares private
coach 2
students for an exam
dean person in charge of a division of study 2
disciple follower of a religious teacher 2
trainee a person undergoing some form of vocational training 2
sabbatical a period of time when a university teacher conducts no
Is Dr Johnson on sabbatical? 2
leave classes in order to prepare a thesis, e.g. a PhD dissertation.
being taught by a person claiming to have appropriate
quackery skills, which is not true. As a result, the course does not To me, Mrs X's methods smell of quackery 2
have the effect it is expected to have.
to
Only few teachers in my school were really
enlarge/open to teach; 2
able to open the students' minds.
the mind
to sharpen the During the class debates students sharpen their
to enlarge erudition; 2
wits wits.
to fill with After Prof. Nesbit's lecture I was filled with
to inspire and teach; 2
new ideas new ideas.
to stuff with Primary schools stuff children with knowledge
knowledge/cra teach; and cram them with facts, but is this really 2
m with facts necessary?
industrious,
attentive, Most students in my group are not very
busy with learning; 2
immersed in industrious people.
study
to cram for to learn as fast as possible before the exam; Sue was cramming for her final exam in 2
strona 23
linguistics.
When you go to Italy, it is good to mug up on
to mug up to study sth quickly in order to remember basic facts; your Italian, as many local people do not 2
speak English.
At least go to the library and dip into some
to dip into to have a brief look at sth, without studying it seriously; 2
books before the exam!
to wade Wading through thick novels is not my
to cope with a lot of inf. with difficulty; 2
through favourite kind of homework!
greenhorn a beginner 2
to confer
to give one a degree 2
degree
to pass (a test)
Only if you pass your finals with flying
with flying to pass it very successfully. 2
colours can you think of studying abroad.
colours
Professor Higgings does not like his students
to regurgitate to repeat facts from memory, without thinking deeply; just regurgitating material from lectures on the 2
exam.Education
to burn the Have you been burning the midnight oil
to study or work until late in the night 2
midnight oil recently?
to flunk to fail an exam, test, or course; I flunked math in second grade 2
to get the It's not difficult to use once you get the hang
to learn how to do or use sth; 2
hang of sth of it.
to scrape
to succeed in doing sth with difficulty; I might scrape through the exam if I am lucky. 2
through sth
Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity was founded
fraternity/frat a club for male students at an American university 2
in 1856.
All the sororities on campus have beautiful
sorority a club for female students at an American university. 2
houses.
organized by a university or college for people who are
extramural Kate is an extramural student. 2
only parttime students
dropout a person who leaves school before he has finished My father was a high school drop-out 2
We were caught and punished for playing
to play hooky to stay away from school without permission; 2
hooky.
extracurricula I participated in many extracurricular
outside academic work; 2
r activities.
to treat sb unfairly by blaming, criticizing or punishing Sue was picked on by the other girls because
to pick on sb 2
them; of her size.
All the freshman had to wait in line to get their
freshman a first year student at a high school, college or university; 2
schedules.
I'll never forget prom even though it was 20
prom a formal party, usually held at the end of high school; 2
years ago.
a person that is disliked because he tries to be liked by
teacher's pet Henry was trying to be the teacher's pet. 2
teachers;
crib/cheat written information such as answers to questions, often
Paul was caught using crib sheets in the exam. 2
sheet used dishonestly by students in tests;
a period of time during which a teacher can leave his Professor Litt is on sabbatical at Yale for a
sabbatical 2
normal teaching duties in order to travel or study; year.
That college offers technical and vocational
vocational describing skills needed for a particular job or profession; 2
training.
Having already graduated from another
to exempt state officially that sb is not bound or afflicted by an
university, he was exempted from the entrance 2
from obligation, rule, or duty;
exams.
Hazing at American universities has resulted
making new students do things in order to initiate them
hazing in many serious accidents and even death at 2
into college life
times.
to attempt to learn a lot of information in a short amount
to cram I crammed all night for the exam. 2
of time, usually before an exam
Environment
The effects of the September 11th bombing
to resonate to echo. will resonate throughout history - no one will 2
ever feel safe anywhere ever again?
resonant echoing, resounding. The resonant quality of the attack will last 2
strona 24
forever.
Undoubtedly, Gerald could hear a discernible
discernible perceivable, hearable, that can be discerned or made out. noise coming from behind the door - 2
somebody was inside his room!
Of course, the noise was indiscernible to
indiscernible opposite to above! Gerald's friend - was deaf - but there was 2
definitely somebody there.
What I could do with is a little lemonade that
to fortify to make stronger. 2
has been fortified with a little whisky!
The wizard uttered his incantation and Gerald
incantation magical formula, spell. 2
turned into a frog!
The hullabaloo coming from the classroom
hullabaloo uproar, clamor. clearly indicated that yet another teacher had 2
lost control of class three - it was so noisy!
I like Gerald's voice - it has such a nice
cadence movement of sound; fall of voice, esp at end of sentence. 2
cadence to it...
The din coming from the music hall clearly
din racket, loud noise. indicated that the new group still had to have 2
several practice sessions!
As Gerald entered the pub a cacophony of
cacophony discordant sound. sound greeted his ears with no single voice 2
predominating.
The melodious voice of the birds singing in
melodious sweet sounding. the trees awoke Gerald from his gentle 2
slumber!
Most lullabies are deliberately designed to be
euphonious pleasant sounding. 2
as euphonious as possible.
The dulcet tones of the female opera singer
dulcet (tones) sweet soothing sound. floated across the concert hall, much to the 2
audience's delight.
The clamorous noise from the football stadium
clamorous noisy. indicated that an exciting match was taking 2
place.
The guitar players singing was most tuneful -
tuneful melodious (see above). 2
pity about his actual guitar playing!
The raucous noise coming from the car's
raucous harsh sounding. engine perhaps suggested that two parts were 2
rubbing against each other...
The police suspected that their chief witness
hush money bribery/money intended to keep sb quiet; had been given some hush money to keep him 2
from testifying.
to raise a hue The crowd raised a hue and cry until they were
to make a lot of noise/create a lot of bother about sth (to
and cry over given their money back for the cancelled 2
complain loudly);
sth performance!
I hope I didn't drop a clanger when I
to drop a
to make a faux pas, make a bad mistake; mentioned that I saw Gerald's girlfriend out 2
clanger
with another man last night?
as silent as the Everywhere it was utterly quiet - it was as
deadly quiet; 2
grave silent as the grave.
to go with a Well, the party certainly seemed to go with a
to go very well; 2
bang bang - it went very well!
loud enough
It's so noisy in here - almost loud enough to
to waken the very noisy; 2
waken the dead!
dead
grating on the I should say the violin player's tune was rather
harsh sounding; 2
ear grating on the ear than very pleasant
He who pays the piper calls the tune - whoever
sounding I thought someone had trodden on a cat!; is paying/providing the money is, or should be 2
considered to be, in charge.
The new filters caused a significant ~ of the
abatement the reduction in degree or intensity of pollution; 2
degree of air pollution.
A mechanical wearing down of the earth's surface by ~ consists of scratching, rubbing, grinding or
abrasion 2
material that is transported by ice or wind; wearing away by friction.
strona 25
The physiological and behavioural adjustments of an When you go to the see, the ~ will take two
acclimation 2
organism to changes in the environment; weeks.
acclimatisatio The adaptation over several generations of a species to a The necessity of ~ caused remarkable changes
2
n marked change in the environment. in animal organisms.
The catastrophe of a tanker caused ~ that
any poisonous effect produced by a single short- term
acute toxicity resulted in the death of thousands of sea 2
exposure, that results in severe biological harm or death.
organisms.
chemical impurities or substances that by law do not Concern XXX has been accused of adding
adulterants 2
belong in a food, plant, animal, or pesticide formulation; numerous ~ to their food.
any substance, force, radiation, organism, or influence that Radiation is an agent which may be either
agent affects the body.The effects may be beneficial or beneficial or injurious, depending on the 2
injurious; conditions.
sudden spurts of algal growth, which can affect water After the recent ~ ,researchers have been
algal blooms quality adversely and indicate potentially hazardous examining the ecological balance in the 2
changes in local water chemistry; Pacific Ocean.
It is important to control not only the changes
the amount of living matter in a given unit of the
biomass of the quantity of biomass, but also of its 2
environment.
contents.
The term "cleanup" is sometimes used
interchangeably with the terms remedial
actions taken to deal with a release or threat of release of a
action, removal action, response action, or
cleanup hazardous substance that could affect humans and/or the 2
corrective action; Thousands of young people
environment.
took part in the ~ action at the seashore after
the catastrophe of a tanker.
a forest management technique that involves harvesting all
Ecologists warn that the extensive ~ in hilly
clear cut the trees in one area at one time. Under certain soil and 2
areas may result in enlarged water pollution.
slope conditions it can contribute to water pollution;
According to the recently established
closedloop reclaiming or reusing wastewater for non- potable
regulations. any factory should plan for ~ of 2
recycling purposes in an enclosed process.
water.
a thick-walled container (usually lead) used for
coffin 2
transporting radioactive materials.
A hazard with delayed effect(s). The potential to cause an
delayed Carcinogenicity and teratogenicity are
adverse effect which manifests itself after a long period of 2
hazard examples of ~.
time;
refers to the initial phase of response actions, during
emergency
which actions are taken in response to a threat of a release 2
phase
or a release in progress.
the water that immediately comes out when a tap is first
first draw opened. This water is likely to have the highest level of Never pour the ~ of water to the kettle. 2
lead contamination from plumbing materials;
combustibles derived from the remains of ancient plants
fossil fuels 2
and animals, like coal, oil, and natural gas.
the warming of our atmosphere caused by buildup of Some scientists argue that the ~ is not caused
greenhouse
carbon dioxide, which allows light from the Sun's rays to by our civilisation, but that it is a natural 2
effect
heat the Earth but prevents loss of the heat; processes of climate alteration.
the mixing of lower and upper layers in a lake in spring You should never bath in a lake during the ~
turnover 2
and fall caused by temperature and density equalisation; process.
substances that are suspected of causing malformations or
teratogenic serious deviations from the normal type, which can't be Most adulterants can be ~. 2
inherited;
a process that uses machines to scrape soil or rock away ~ causes the most severe damage of the
strip mining 2
from mineral deposits just under the Earth's surface; landscape.
growing crops in a systemic arrangement of strips or ~ appears an effective method of earth
stripcropping 2
bands which serve as barriers to wind and water erosion; protection in areas with a harsh climate.
~ sometimes contributes to water pollution, as
silviculture management of forest land for timber; 2
in clear-cutting.
global an increase in world temperature caused by an increase in This conference is about new ways in dealing
2
warming carbon dioxide with global warming.
rain that contains harmful acid which can damage the
acid rain Acid rain occurred right after the explosion. 2
environment and is caused by smoke from factories;
to make the air, soil and water dangerously dirty and not That old factory has been polluting our river
to pollute 2
suitable for people to use; for years.
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I wash my clothes with an eco-friendly
ecofriendly no harmful to the environment; 2
detergent
a layer of gases which stop harmful radiation from the sun The hole in the ozone layer grows larger every
ozone layer 2
from reaching the earth; year.
The clear cuts really take away from the
clearcut an area of a forest that has been completely cut down; 2
beauty here.
nuclear waste waste material from nuclear reactors which is radioactive; What can we do with nuclear waste? 2
overpopulatio a situation when there are too many people in a city or Over population in India is a frightening
2
n country; situation.
strong smelling gas or smoke that comes from the exhaust The exhaust fumes make me sick when I stand
exhaust fumes 2
pipes of cars; at the tram stop.
small metal containers from which a liquid that is bad for
aerosol cans Every home has some kind of aerosol can in it. 2
the environment can be sprayed;
the process of treating things such as paper, metal and Recycling can be a lot cheaper than most
recycling 2
glass so that they can be used again; people think.
natural all of the land, minerals, and natural energy that exists on
The U.S. is a country rich in natural resources. 2
resources the Earth;
sewage
a place where raw sewage is treated to stop it from being Our city council is raising money for building
treatment 2
harmful; a sewage treatment plant in this area.
plant
a situation in which a particular species of animal no Conservationists saved the blue whale from
extinction 2
longer exists; extinction.
battery a method of fishing that involves using electricity in order Battery fishing is a punishable offense in this
2
fishing to catch fish; country.
green the new interest in protecting the environment that has Global interest in the green revolution is
2
revolution developed in many parts of the world; increasing.
tropical rain a forest with tall trees that are very close together, The variety of life found in a tropical rain
2
forest growing in an area that rains a lot; forest is amazing.
human human activities and technology tha affect the Human intrusion has led to the destruction of
2
intrusion environment in a bad way; this ecosystem.
all animals and plants considered as a group in which one
the food chain type of animal eats another and is eaten by another Humans are at the top of the food chain. 2
animal;
endangered Bottlenose dolphins were once endangered
any animal or plant that is in danger of being extinct; 2
species species.
ecological
knowledge and understanding of ecological issues; Your lack of ecological awareness shocks me. 2
awareness
the practice of burying waste under the soil, or the waste The city needs to think about a new landfill
landfill 2
buried on this way, or a place where this waste is buried; site.
renewable energy that can be replaced by a natural process or good The issue of finding renewable energy
2
energy management, so that it is never used up; dominated the meeting.
fuel that does not contain any lead and is thus less harmful We can breath more freely knowing that our
unleaded fuel 2
to the environment; car uses unleaded fuel.
Ethical Issues
I don't think Gerald is such a caring person
pretence false, an act. pozory) 2
really - it's all just a pretence!
bujda, I wish you'd stop fibbing and tell the truth for
fib a small lie or (as a verb) the act of doing so. 2
kłamstewko) a change!
The court decided that the defendant's story
fabrication made up/untrue story, a lie. wymysł) 2
was a fabrication - and that he was
fabrication lying. 2
What happened? Come on, stop equivocating
wyrażać się
equivocating using ambiguous words to conceal truth. and tell me - I can see by your face that sth has 2
dwuznacznie)
happened.
This coffee isn't very good - it seems rather
ersatz substitute, (inferior) imitation. erzac, surogat) 2
ersatz?
udawać, I think Jane was just shamming a headache so
sham (v) feign, pretend; (n) a pretence. 2
pozory) that she could leave early?
Yes, I think Jane's excuse was a spurious one
spurious not genuine, not what sth purports to be. fałszywy) 2
too.
No, this coat really is made of leather,
pukka genuine. prawdziwy) 2
honestly! It's pukka.
strona 27
Most politicians I think can be accused of
concealing or disguising sth, talking or acting
dissembling obłuda) dissembling - it's rare to meet one that is 2
hypocritically.
entirely willing to tell the whole truth.
prawdziwy, This diamond is not real - the bona fide one is
bona fide genuine, sincere. 2
rzetelny) over there.
I'd now like to introduce to you the venerable
venerable entitled to veneration or deep respect, worthy. czcigodny) 2
lord Atkinson...
prawdomówny I think Gerald is a veracious person - I've
veracious disposed to speak the truth. 2
) never known him to lie.
I trust Joseph completely - his probity just
probity uprightness, honesty. prawość) 2
can't be questioned.
I've had enough of your duplicity - why can't
duplicity deceitfulness. obłuda) 2
you speak the truth for a change?
to swallow sth
The public swallowed the con man's story
hook, line and to be utterly duped into believing sth untrue. 2
hook, line and sinker.
sinker
to be
I don't think Gerald was lying - just being
economical to not tell the whole truth/to be sparing with the truth. 2
economical with the truth!
with the truth
to lay it on Talk about laying it on thick with a trowel -
thick with a to grossly exaggerate sth. I've never heard anyone exaggerate so much 2
trowel before!
I think Gerald's story about his grandmother
a shaggy dog
an unlikely tale! living to a hundred and forty is a bit of a 2
story
shaggy dog story.
I must admit I too was taken in by the con
to be taken in
to be duped into believing sb who is lying or joking. man's story - but I won't be fooled so easily 2
by sb
again.
Gerald is such a perfectionist - he cavils at
to cavil to take exception, carp, find fault. 2
everything.
The con man tried to dupe me into buying sth,
to dupe sb to cheat, make a fool of sb. 2
but I wasn't going to be cheated.
to own up, confess (usually to a crime or other Okay, I admit it - I broke the vase. Now I've
to come clean 2
misdemeanour). come clean, will you forgive me?
Hey, stop prevaricating and get on with telling
to prevaricate speak or act evasively or misleadingly. 2
the truth.
a situation offering a choice between two equally
dilemma I have a real dilemma on my hands. 2
undesirable alternatives
contentious controversial This is a highly contentious issue. 2
being a drug or treatment that reduces the pain of patients Palliative treatment is all modern medicine has
palliative 2
but does nothing to cure the disease to offer terminal cancer patients.
I don't see how you can condone your
to condone to accept or agree 2
husband's bad behavior.
pestilential lethal or dangerous to life Small pox is very pestilential. 2
penance an act performed to show sorrow or repentance for sins You should do penance for your sins! 2
Lethal injection is commonly used to execute
lethal deadly 2
criminals.
the dregs of
the most despised elements of society Child molesters are the dregs of society. 2
society
Didn't your conscience bother you after
conscience the sense of right or wrong regarding thoughts and actions 2
stealing that coat?
capital the form of punishment for criminals which results in
Capital punishment is very cruel. 2
punishment death
Criminals in the state of Texas are
to electrocute to kill with electricity 2
electrocuted.
ethic a system of (moral) beliefs which control behavior Nothing beats that American work ethic. 2
Why do you have such a callous attitude
callous being heartless or insensitive 2
towards poor people?
to commit the act of telling lies while being under oath in a court of Not only was he accused to robbery, but also
2
perjury law of committing perjury.
The only thing I can do is express my
compassion pity or sympathy 2
compassion.
euthanasia the act of killing someone painlessly in order to relieve his I cannot support euthanasia. 2
strona 28
suffering
The woman felt little remorse after killing her
remorse a feeling of sorrow and regret for something one did 2
own children.
contravene to break a rule or law Try not to contravene these rules. 2
abortionist a person who performs abortions Not all abortionists practice illegally. 2
The decent thing to do is to stay with your
decent morally acceptable 2
wife and children.
beliefs that are held by a person that make him think about He has few scruples when it comes to lying in
scruples 2
whether his actions are morally right or wrong order to make money.
merciless being heartless or unsympathetic How can you be so merciless? 2
moralist a person who lives by moral principles Gandhi was a great moralist. 2
repent to be sorry for one's actions Weekly I go to church and repent my sins. 2
Mass Media
Gerald's excuse for being late sounds rather
dubious unreliable, of questionable or doubtful truth; 2
dubious to me - I think he's making it up!
All potential spies have to be carefully vetted
to make sure they don't turn out to be double
vetted carefully and critically examined; 2
agents who are secretly working for the other
side.
Joanna was absolutely irate when I broke the
irate angry; 2
vase - I've never seen her so angry!
The door to door salesman was undoubtedly
bogus spurious, sham. 2
bogus and clearly a con man.
The slogan of British Petroleum is "put a tiger
slogan short, catchy phrase used in advertising, etc. 2
in your tank".
Propound (question, problem); place (artist's model, etc,) The use of biological weapons poses the
pose (moun) 2
in certain attitude. question whether the human race will
Attitude of body or mind, esp. one assumed purely for
pose (moun) 2
effect.
(2) As the film star left the cinema, she struck
pose (moun) be able to survive 2
a pose for the cameras.
The caption at the top of the newspaper read
caption heading of chapter, article, etc.; 2
"...
Exercise is good for you as it not only gives
agile quick moving, nimble; 2
you more stamina but also makes you
agile more agile. 2
The spy entered the building under the guise
guise External esp. assumed appearance, pretence; 2
of being a repairman.
Van Gogh's last painting depicts the rather
depicts shows, represents visually or in words; 2
confused state of his mind prior to his suicide.
provoke rouse, incite, annoy, irritate; Are you trying to provoke an argument? 2
I don't think one can ever condone unprovoked
to condone sth forgive, overlook, approve of; 2
violence.
I don't think one should trivialize the recent
to trivialise
to make sth seem less important than it really is; tragedy in America by using it for humorous 2
sth
purposes.
There are fears that America's attempts to
to backfire to have the opposite of the intended effect; destroy the Taleban may yet backfire and 2
make them stronger!
(1)America's attempt to destroy the Taliban
prompt (1) cause or incite may prompt many Muslims to support 2
Afghanistan.
(2) The actor on stage had clearly forgotten his
prompt (2) thing said to help memory - esp of actor; 2
lines and needed a prompt or two to help him!
The decision of the local court to find Hopkins
upheld confirmed or supported; guilty was upheld by the Supreme Court who 2
increased his sentence to a life one!
Most people of a religious persuasion consider
blasphemous profane, sacrilegious; 2
swearing in church as blasphemous.
After the recent bombing in America, the
prevalent generally existing or occurring, prominent; 2
prevalent attitude among the populace was one

strona 29
of wanting revenge.
It's often the case in disputes that there is some
to strike a truth on both sides and therefore I believe that
to achieve a balance, usually between two things; 2
balance one should attempt to strike a balance when it
comes to settling them!
When Anna removed her clothing on top of
to overstep the restaurant table, she clearly overstepped
to go beyond the bounds of decency, etc; 2
the mark the mark. After all, people had to eat the food
left there!
person accused of or guilty of crime or other Who was to blame for breaking the window,
culprit 2
misdemeanor; who was the guilty culprit?
I thought Gerald was very disrespectful when
disrespectful showing a lack of respect, discourtesy; 2
he shouted at the guest speaker.
The announcement that there was to be a
ambiguous of double or doubtful meaning; 2
surprise at the company soon was rather
It is not nice to mock people - or to make fun
to mock subject to ridicule; 2
of them.
It is important in some trials that some
anonymity of unknown name; witnesses retain a high degree of anonymity, 2
otherwise their lives could be at risk!
the average number of a newspaper or a magazine sold
circulation nakład) 2
each day.
editorial the introductory article in a magazine 2
sb writing articles that appear regularly usually about a
columnist felietonista) 2
particular subject,
newspaper sb successful in the mass media business who has much magnat
2
tycoon money and power, prasowy)
small ads various advertisements published in a newspaper, 2
classified
advertisement adverts published in categories, according to a topic, 2
s
yellow pages, What? So you are buying yellow pages as
tabloids, newspapers of low quality; 2
gutter press well!
quality press intellectual or specialised press ; prasa elitarna) 2
typesetting the activity of arranging texts and graphics for printing sklad) 2
opracowanie Who was the author of the artwork in this
artwork pictures made for a book or a magazine. 2
graficzne) book?
sensacje Why are you laughing? Any new splash in the
splash sth that gets a lot of attention from the public; 2
prasowe) newspaper?
to be the first newspaper to print news before any other The Daily News scooped the other newspapers
to scoop 2
media; by revealing the prince's marriage plans.
(through)to skim a newspaper, to read it quickly without
to flick 2
attending to details.
kronika When I was young there used to be newsreels
a newsreel a cinema film or news, 2
filmowa before films, but now there are only adverts.
to put
down/turn up to make a TV set play less or more loudly, 2
the volume
to switch over
to/put
to change a channel, 2
over/turn over
to
The game will be televised live on BBC
to televise to transmit; 2
tonight.
a
gogglebox/tell a TV set, 2
y/junk-box
you have had
your eyes
you have watched TV all day long, 2
glued to the tv
all day
poor I wanted to watch the festival, but the
bad quality of the transmission; 2
reception reception was so poor that I switched over to a
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thriller.
signals that spoil the quality of sound or picture that you What is wrong with this telly? The
interference zakłócenia) 2
receive; interference is unbearable.
a person who writes in a newspaper or magazine giving
advice Ann Landers is the most popular advice
advice in response to people's letters about their personal 2
columnist columnist in the States.
problems
a section of a newspaper or magazine in which somebody
Buck always reads the advice column during
advice column gives advice to readers who have sent letters about their 2
breakfast.
personal problems;
a person whose job is to supply information and
press agent advertising material about a particular famous person to Brad Pitt's press agent is also his brother. 2
the media;
to make the to be an important item of news in newspapers, on the Recent events in Afghanistan don't stop
2
headlines radio, or on the television; making the headlines.
a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular He likes to read medical journals because he
journal 2
subject or profession; hopes to someday be a doctor.
an organization that collects news and supplies it to People were mislead by the premature reports
news agency 2
newspaper, television and radio companies; from that press agency.
a short item of important news that is broadcast on radio A news flash interrupted last night's episode of
news flash 2
or TV, often interrupting a program; Friends.
information interesting or important enough to be reported Last week's riot was newsworthy even for
newsworth 2
as news; CNN.
an article about sb's life and achievements, that is printed The mayor's obituary was a true reflection of
obituary 2
in a newspaper soon after they have died; how good of a person he really was.
a part of a newspaper or magazine that appears regularly,
column deals with a particular subject and is written by one I find his column to always be fascinating. 2
person;
a person who writes regularly, usually on a particular Columnists for the New York Times are the
columnist 2
topic, for a newspaper or magazine; best of the best.
a group of journalists who work in or go to a particular Being part of the press corps in Vietnam was
press corps 2
place to report on an event; both exciting and dangerous.
to broadcast to transmit sound and/or pictures by using radio waves; CNN is broadcast 24 hours a day. 2
to be on air to be broadcasting; The program will be on air at 7:00. 2
The president's speech will be televise around
to televise to broadcast sth on television; 2
the globe.
newspapers that print a lot of shocking stories about She's ignorant to what's going on in the world
gutter press 2
people's lives rather than about real news; because she only reads gutter press.
coverage the reporting of news in newspapers, radio and TV; The demonstration received live coverage. 2
The footage was from post-Communist
footage a part of a film showing a particular event; 2
Hungary.
an ongoing story about the lives and problems of a group The Young and the Restless is on everyday at
soap opera 2
of people which is broadcast on TV; 11:00 a.m.
to tune into Every morning I tune into 98 FM to check the
to listen to a radio program or watch the television; 2
sth weather.
Politics
frekwencja na Voter turnout in Poland this year was very
voter turnout the number of people who go to vote. 2
głosowaniu low, with very few people going to the polls.
w
Gerald's illness was incipient, so there was lots
incipient beginning, in early stage. początkowym 2
of hope for a recuperation.
stadium
Most soldiers probably consider it an onerous
onerous burdensome, unpleasant. uciążliwyduty to have to kill their enemy, but often it is 2
a case of kill or be killed.
szybko albo: You look very snappy today - why are you so
snappy brisk, or neat and elegant. 2
dobrze ubrany) well dressed up?
Scatter about, sow in various places (esp. fig. Of rozpowszechni The Taleban in Afghanistan recently accused
disseminating 2
doctrines, sedition, disease, etc). anie several Christians of disseminating
When the prime minister declared he wouldn't
popular, catchy and pleasant sounding words that in fact involve himself in any argy-bargy with the
soundbite convey very little substance, often used with reference to Argentineans it all sounded very nice, but 2
political speeches. what did he really mean it was pure sound
bite, the sort of thing the public wanted to
strona 31
hear!
The sergeant was informed that his actions
(1)
downgraded lowered in rank, etc. were irresponsible and that he was going to be 2
zdegradowany
downgraded to the rank of corporal.
(2) o (2) The quality of McDougal's flour has
downgraded lowered in rank, etc. pogarszającej definitely been downgraded recently, don't 2
się jakości you think?
The electorate of Poland has once again
electorate body of electors, those entitled to vote. elektorat 2
decided to choose a communist government.
Continuous changes and problems which affect someone's He would often sit and reflect on the
vicissitudes 2
life ups and downs; vicissitudes of his life.
David Shayler, the MI5 whistle-blower, is
whistleblower Sb who makes secret information public. taking his case to the European Court of 2
Human Rights.
I wish you'd stop politicizing about Gerald's
politicising give political character to. upolityczniać birthday being a great moment for the state 2
and just give him your best wishes
I think Anna's saying about Gerald's birthday
being a great moment for the state was rather
politic sagacious, prudent, judicious, expedient. rozważnie 2
politic considering her own forthcoming
candidacy to be elected Gerald's party!
When the prime minister announced that he
was increasing pensions, some people accused
agitacja
electioneering the busying of oneself in elections, trying to get elected. him of already indulging in electioneering and 2
wyborcza
not really being concerned about the plight of
the elderly!
Either weak or unclear ideas or a person whose ideas are The problem with the Liberal Democrats is
wishywashy 2
thus;; that their policies are so wishy-washy.
Some people say that the new committee set
up to study government inefficiency will not
quango a QUAsi- Non-Governmental Organization; really find anything wrong as it is just a 2
quango and not really separate from the
government!
body of voters who elect a representative, area so okręg Most of the people in my constituency vote
constituency 2
represented. wyborczy Tory, but I never will!
tajne The union members were asked to vote in a
ballot secret voting, or (verb) process of voting in such a way. 2
głosowanie ballot for a new leader.
The prime minister hoped that the increase in
równoważenie, overall taxes would be offset for pensioners by
offset counterbalance, compensating point. 2
kompensacja an increase in their pensions so that they at
least didn't suffer.
Many people accuse the government of being
utrwalony,
entrenched well defended, or set/fixed position. entrenched in their taxation policy, refusing to 2
zakorzeniony
listen to common sense!
The most irritating thing about politicians is
Behaving in an annoying manner as if morally better than
sanctimonious their sanctimonious preaching about family 2
others;
values.
The government having finally decided to cut
to follow suit to do the same as (sb else). taxes, the opposition has decided to follow suit 2
and make it one of their policies as well.
Einstein's theory of relativity is very complex
a dumbing
making sth as simplistic as possible; and needs dumbing down a little if the 2
down of sth
ordinary public is to understand it.
Some accuse the Labor party of having lots of
spin doctors political speech makers, practiced in the art of oratory spin doctors, practiced in the art of making 2
clever sounding speeches.
I think the Conservative party often panders to
to pander to to minister to (often base passion or evil designs); 2
the baser desires of the public.
In the last two elections, though particularly
a landslide
an outright/vast majority; the last one, the Labor party has achieved a 2
majority
landslide majority.
first past the system by which the first party to get a majority of votes,
2
post system no matter how many, in whatever constituency, wins that

strona 32
constituency and has its m.p. represent that area - the
opposite to proportional representation.
The lowering of taxes is a subject which the
present treasurer seems to treat as his own
hobbyhorse topic to which one often recurs, is obsessed by; 2
personal hobbyhorse, almost ignoring all other
aspects of the economy.
Listen, sunshine, lets have less horse trading
horse trading the pragmatic trading of favors... and more principled actions based on loyalty, 2
okay?
It's no use trying to curry favor with me by
to curry
to seek sb's approval in a, usually, sycophantic way; offering to do the dishes, you can't go out and 2
favour with
that is that!
Central Intelligence Agency, established in 1947 by ~ conducts U.S. intelligence and
cia 2
Truman; counterintelligence missions overseas.
~ was vivid during the 1960s, mostly in the
civil rights Mass movement for political, social and economic
segregated cities of the Southern United 2
movement equality by African Americans;
States.
Any incident that includes the seizure, theft, loss or
broken arrow 2
accidental destruction of a nuclear device.
first strike The capacity to launch a nuclear strike without fear of a the United States enjoyed ~ over the Soviet
2
capability nuclear counterattack from the enemy; Union until the late 1950s.
~ has been used since the Cuban Missile
hot line Direct phone line between Washington and Moscow; 2
Crisis.
a state of armed conflict. Belligerents are direct
belligerency 2
participants in the conflict.
n effort to achieve agreement and, hopefully, increased We still hope for successful ~ between USA
conciliation a 2
goodwill between two opposed parties; and Afghanistan.
~ often deals with important subjects -
An agreement between two or more states concerning
convention international postal and copyright laws, for 2
matters of common interest;
example, of the law of the sea.
It consists of his deputy chief of mission,
heads of all important embassy sections, and
An American diplomatic term meaning the ambassador's the chiefs of all other elements (military,
country team 2
cabinet; agricultural, aid, information, and cultural,
etc.) working under him in the "embassy
community".
US embassies all over the world received
A written, as opposed to a telegraphic, message from an
dispatch dispatches telling them to beware of 2
embassy to its home office or vice versa;
anonymous mail.
An effort by a third state, or by an individual or an
good offices international body, designed to stimulate the processes of 2
settlement in a dispute between two other states.
rapprocheme After the termination of the conflict, we wait
The establishment of improved relations. 2
nt for a gradual ~.
Shorthand for the most senior leadership of the U.S. State
seventh floor Department. It is where the offices of the Secretary of The ~ are having a debate right now. 2
State and his most senior aides are located;
Where many of the U.S. State Department's regional and
sixth floor other assistant secretaries have their offices. Shorthand for 2
the assistant secretary level of the department's leadership.
The process of making any person, object, or area safe by
decontaminati absorbing, destroying, neutralising, making harmless, or The ~ process can last for tens of years after a
2
on removing chemical or biological agents, or by removing war.
radioactive material clinging or to around it;
dump A temporary storage area for logistics; fuel or ammunition 2
maneuver manoeuvre (Br.) 1. A movement to place ships or aircrafts
2
(am); in a position of advantage.
maneuver 2. A tactical exercise carried out at sea, in the air, on the
2
(am); ground, or on a map in imitation of an operation.
peacekeeping soldier - civilian staff (whereas 'peace-
keeping soldiers' doesn't); in practice however, the term
peacekeeper 2
usually refers to the military component of a peace-
keeping operation see also: civilian peace-keeper

strona 33
action to prevent disputes from arising between parties,
preventive
prevent existing disputes from escalating into conflicts Most civilised countries lead ~ nowadays. 2
diplomacy
and to limit the spread of the latter when they occur.
One soldier was shot yesterday while he
gun pit an. overlooking permanent checkpoint; 2
mounted guard in a ~.
an important and experienced politician who is admired in
statesman Senator Wellstone is a true statesman. 2
other countries as well as his own;
the act of trying to persuade others to vote for a particular
politicking Politicking is forbidden on election day. 2
political party;
Election day will be on the first Thursday of
election day the day when people vote in an election; 2
November.
to go to the The country will go to the polls and choose the
to vote; 2
polls best man.
political activity involving official political organizations
Is it a good idea for unions to get involved in
party politics that have their own ideas and aims, and that compete 2
party politics?
against each other in order to gain power;
the official view of a political party which members are All members must vote according to the party
party line 2
expected to support; line.
partisan showing a lot of support for one person or party; Most newspapers appear to be partisan. 2
to say or do what those in authority say is right even if one If your going to be a Republican, you have to
tow the line 2
doesn't agree; tow the line and vote only for Republicans.
The government has had to amend the
to amend to change the words of a legal document; 2
constitution several times.
a person who had an elected position but was not elected The governor was a lame duck after election
lame duck 2
again; day.
a system of government in which the wealthy hold all the
plutocracy It's time we put an end to this plutocracy! 2
power;
a period of time between two elections during which an The president's death occurred in his first term
term of office 2
elected official is in office; of office.
vote of a vote taken to show a general support for a leader or The right-wing alliance has called for a vote of
2
confidence government; confidence.
a district that has it's own elected representative in the The senator's constituency includes most of
constituency 2
government; the poorest areas.
election the main policies and aims of a political party stated The party's election platform will be
2
platform before an election; announced to the public on Monday.
Nearly three-fourths of the people questioned
a survey of public opinion on a particular subject,
opinion poll in the opinion poll agreed with the governor's 2
especially involving politics;
decision.
an official statement about a matter of public interest The vice-president's press release denied the
press release 2
which is given to the press; rumor of his resignation.
Many countries have ratified the UN
to ratify to make an agreement or treaty officially valid; 2
convention on human rights.
Israel and Egypt held summit talks to ease
summit talks a meeting between heads of two or more governments; 2
tensions between them.
budget the amount by which the total money received is greater
The budget surplus is hoped to go education. 2
surplus than the total money spent by a government;
to make an accusation of a public official which states that The representative from New York was
to impeach 2
he committed a serious crime in connection with his job; impeached for taking public money
Relationships
wyzwalający
emotive of or tending to excite emotion. Abortion has always been an emotive issue. 2
emocje
Here, what are you two up to? We won't have
hankypanky (often sexual) misbehaviour! ; any hanky-panky in here if you don't mind - 2
this is a public place!
Married people who are adulterous in some
adulterous (guilty) of adultery. cudzołożnik Islamic countries may face being stoned to 2
death
dot. żywności
zatrutej Many of the farmer's apples had to be thrown
adulterated polluted, esp relating to food. środkami away as they had been adulterated by the 2
takimi jak pesticides he had used.
pestycydy, itp.)
strona 34
Although guilty of the most horrendous crime,
impassioned deeply moved, ardent. poruszający the defendant made an impassioned plea for 2
clemency.
Many a married man has fallen prey to some
femme fatale dangerously attractive woman. ; 2
femme fatale or another.
Sheila expressed the view that Jim was drop
drop dead męska
very attractive (man)! dead gorgeous - she had never seen anyone so 2
gorgeous piękność
attractive before!
I think Anna has a very shapely figure, don't
shapely well formed or proportioned. kształtny 2
you?
Yes, I think Anna is very dishy - she should
dishy very attractive. pięknotka 2
enter a beauty contest!
The cream cake on the table looked very
alluring enticing, tempting. ponętny alluring, but Anna decided she must resist the 2
temptation to eat it!
o kobiecie ze Sheila? You're not bringing that floozy in here
floozy girl or woman, esp disreputable one! 2
złą reputacją - she has been divorced three times!
I wonder if Gerald realises that that girl he's
lady of the
euphemism for a prostitute! ; speaking to is a lady of the night - and that she 2
night
might charge him for her company?
streetwalker prostitute. 2
call girl prostitute. 2
There are so many men going in out of next
burdel, dom
knocking shop brothel. door all night that I'm beginning to wonder if 2
publiczny
it isn't a knocking shop?
być
I don't think there's any excuse for women
zaangażowany
on the game acting as a prostitute, involved in prostitution. going on the game as a way of making money! 2
mw
What do you think?
prostytucję
kapryśny, Sheila never went out very long with anyone -
fickle inconstant, changeable. 2
zmienny she was always rather fickle.
The perfidious nature of Sheila meant she was
perfidious unfaithful. niewierny) 2
married six times!
niezawodny,
tried and true reliable, faithful, trustworthy. You can rely on Bob - he's tried and true. 2
wiarygodny)
You mean, Bob's a dependable sort of person -
dependable capable of being relied on. niezawodny) 2
the type you can rely on?
Indeed, Bob has two children who are
dependant one who depends on another for support. zależny) 2
dependant on him for support.
Okay, if you'd just like to disrobe behind that
disrobe to undress. rozebrać się) screen the doctor will examine you in a 2
moment!
Many hillsides in this region become
ogołocić,
denude to make nude or bare. completely denuded once the biggest trees are 2
rozebrać)
removed.
zwodzić, You're deluding yourself if you think I'm
delude fool, deceive. wprowadzać w going to loan you a small fortune to waste on 2
błąd) gambling!
The suffragettes were probably considered
women of doubtful repute in society; group behaving with o złej
demimonde something of a demi-monde when they first 2
doubtful legality. reputacji)
appeared in British society.
triplets three babies born at the same time by one woman 2
quads four babies born at the same time by one woman 2
to take sb else's child into your family for a period of time, They fostered a little Romanian boy for
to foster 2
but without becoming their legal parent. ; several months
a registry an official ceremony of getting married in the presence of
2
wedding a state officer
unfaithfulness the fact of betraying the loved partner 2
an out of
a child conceived outside the marriage 2
wedlock child
the right to
child the right to take care of the child 2
guardianship
strona 35
The Browns are devoid of the right to child
to illtreat (a child) to treat badly. ; guardianship as a result of ill-treatment of 2
their little Tommy.
to be strict
to give children little freedom and many rules to obey 2
with children
to be lenient
to give children much freedom and few rules to obey 2
with children
they hit it off
from the When they met, they liked each other. 2
beginning
he asked her
He invited her for dinner. 2
out
they made out They did a lot of kissing. 2
they started
They began to see each other regularly. 2
going out
they were
They spent a lot of time together, they enjoyed talking,
really into 2
going to movies, etc.;
each other
she broke up
She ended the relationship. 2
with him
he is still
getting over He is really sad about the break-up. 2
her
he tried to hit
He tried to attract her attention. 2
on her
she shot him
She refused to make a closer relationship. 2
down
he can't get
he cannot recover form the upsetting experience. 2
over it
sex between a married man or woman and somebody who Adultery is what caused my sister to leave her
adultery 2
is not his or her spouse; husband.
I rely on my better-half to make dinner
betterhalf a nice way of calling somebody's partner; 2
reservations.
the crime of marrying somebody while already being She admitted to committing bigamy after 5
bigamy 2
legally married; years of marriage.
a woman who during the marriage ceremony helps the
bridesmaid The bridesmaids were beautifully dressed. 2
woman that is getting married;
a man who during the marriage ceremony helps the man All the groomsmen forgot their shoes at the
groomsman 2
that getting married hotel.
confirmed My brother is 48, never been married and a
a man who is certain of his status of being single; 2
bachelor confirmed bachelor.
having sex with someone who is not your husband, wife,
infidelity She could not forgive him for his infidelity. 2
or normal sexual partner;
a marriage of people who are from different social groups, Have ethnic tensions been eased by
intermarriage 2
races or religions, or are from the same family; intermarriage?
marriage of a marriage not based on love but on the advantages one or She got her green card through her marriage of
2
convenience both partners may gain from it; convenience to Jim.
marriage advice or help given to married couples who are having Marriage counseling is a worthwhile
2
counseling problems with their marriages investment if you really love your partner.
a person who specializes in bringing people together for I wish aunt Betty would stop being such a
matchmaker 2
the purposes of love and marriage; matchmaker.
May you spend many years in happy
matrimony the state of being married 2
matrimony.
My sister has so many suitors that she doesn't
suitor a man who wants to marry a particular woman; 2
know which one to choose.
Many more children are born out of wedlock
wedlock the state of being married; 2
today than 50 years ago.
If you hadn't married into money, you'd be
to marry into
to marry somebody who has a lot of money; washing dishes right now in some cheap 2
money
restaurant.
attractant substance designed to attract sb or sth. wabik Various attractants are put into perfumes and 2
strona 36
aftershaves to "attract" the opposite sex!
Our study is the first to show the putative
przypuszczaln
putative reputed, supposed. effect of pheromones on thehuman brain, said 2
y
Dr Jones.
określenie Although relating to one's sense of smell, one's
odnoszące się olfactory sense is also very important when it
olfactory relating to the sense of smell. 2
do zmysłu comes to tasting food - which is tasteless
węchu) without it.
I think our competitor's offer of a free pen
gimmick tricky device, esp to attract attention or publicity. sztuczka 2
with every contract signed is just a gimmick.
You mean, they are just trying to entice people
to entice to lure, persuade by offer of pleasure, etc! zwabić 2
into their shops with a cheap trick?
If you think I'm going to climb to the top of
bonkers crazy! szalony) that tree to rescue your cat, you mustbe 2
bonkers!
wywpłać , The fire in the factory triggered an enormous
to trigger sth to cause to happen. 2
sprowokować explosion.
ochota, Women who are pregnant often have cravings
cravings strong desires. 2
pragnienie) for unusual foods.
Many people who are overweight try to shed
to shed weight to lose weight. traćić wagę 2
weight by going on crash diets.
A waft of the blossom on the trees drifted
waft to convey smoothly (as) through air or along water. unośić się) 2
through the room, much to my delight.
I think you've used too much paprika in this
pungent biting, caustic, esp affecting organs of smell or taste. ostry, gryzący) 2
goulash - it's a bit pungent!
After the president admitted his son was
having an affair with a married woman there
whiff puff of air or smoke or odour or (fig.) scandal. zapach was definitely a whiff of scandal in the air 2
whenever family morals were thereafter
mentioned.
zachęta do The government's tax cuts were intended to
to gee up to encourage to go faster. przyspieszenia gee up the public's spending and help the 2
kogoś, czegoś) economy recover.
When it comes to producing new perfumes
to synthesise to artificially produce sth. zsyntezować some flowers are more difficult to synthesise 2
than others.
Many flowers are impregnated by bees
impregnated fertilised. zapłodniony) 2
carrying pollen from one plant to the other
The management tried to induce greater
to induce to bring about, to cause to happen. nakłaniać loyalty in their staff by offering them a huge 2
pay rise.
The smell coming from the drains was quite
malodorous evil smelling. cuchnący 2
malodorous - they definitely needed cleaning!
The smell from the sewers was rather noisome
noisome noxious, disgusting esp to smell. cuchnący 2
also.
zapach ciała Nobody wanted to tell Gerald that he had a
b.o. body odour. 2
/potu problem with b.o.!
fragrant, having strong smell, strongly suggestive or przywodzący The smell of the perfume was redolent of
redolent 2
reminiscent of. na myśl) poppies on a summer day.
to raise a to complain loudly, normally in the hope that sb will pay There's no need to raise such a stink about the
stink about attention to what you're saying and do sth to improve window my son broke - I will pay for it, I 2
sth matters. promise!
It's a good job you didn't leave early too as
to come up you were intending to do, otherwise the boss
smelling of to escape from a bad situation, often in a fortuitous way. might have sacked you as well - instead of 2
roses which he's now giving you a pay rise! Do you
always come up smelling of roses?
When the boss offered him a ten per cent pay
to turn one's rise, he turned his nose up at it, saying that he
to show that you consider sth is not good enough for you. 2
nose up at sth thought his invention was worth at least a
share in the ownership of the company!
to get up sb's
to irritate sb! I don't like Matthew, he gets right up my nose 2
nose
strona 37
to be suspicious, suspect sth is wrong. I think the enemy
to smell a rat 2
has laid a trap for us - I smell a rat!
Main protocol (i.e., set of rules that formulates the
internet
foundation of communication) that controls data flow 2
protocol (ip)
from one point to the another.
internet
service Company that offers its customers accesses to the Internet. 2
provider (isp)
Difference in arrival time of packets sent at the same time
jitter 2
but travelling different routes.
Extent of delay that network components inflict on
latency 2
packets travelling through the network.
trunk, trunk Number of phone lines grouped together going to the
2
group same place.
vanity
A specific 800 or 888 number 2
number
Equipment used to provide the electronic "bridge" from
access
the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to an 2
gateway
Internet protocol (IP) network.
bit The smallest data unit that a computer can handle. 2
A telecommunications provider who owns switch
carrier 2
equipment and telephone infrastructure.
A word, phrase or graphic image, in hypertext, it is the
anchor object that is highlighted, underlined or "clickable" which 2
links to another site.
A bookmark is an easy way to find your way back to a
bookmark web site -- just like a real bookmark helps you keep your 2
place in a book you are reading.
An area online where you can chat with other members in
chat room 2
realtime.
Coined by author William Gibson in his 1984 novel
cyberspace "Neuromancer," cyberspace is now used to describe all of 2
the information available through computer networks.
Shareware, or software, that can be downloaded off the
freeware 2
Internet - for free.
Any text that that can be chosen by a reader and which
hypertext 2
causes another document to be retrieved and displayed.
Someone who starts up a business in information
infopreneur 2
technology or online communications.
~ comes down to good business -- and social -
A term that is used to describe the do's and don'ts of
netiquette - practice. Be polite, be aware of the folks you 2
online behaviour.
are talking to, talk nicely and not too much.
A term to describe anyone new to an area, whether it be a
newbie 2
particular forum online or the Internet.
Software programs that are openly available, and usually
shareware they can be downloaded online. They are often free, 2
though not always.
A term for traditional land and air mail services, which
snail mail
take days to deliver a message, versus seconds for 2
(sm)
delivery of email.
Major browser and search engine home pages
These can be pulldown or pop-up menus on browsers that
hotlists also contain updated hotlists, and there are 2
contain new or popular sites.
entire sites -- such as Cool Site O' the Day.
the use of computing resources to intimidate or coerce
cyberterroris others. An example is hacking into a hospital computer
2
m system and changing someone's medicine prescription to a
lethal dosage as an act of revenge.
the scientific study of the universe as a whole and all the
astronomy My father studied astronomy in college. 2
objects within it
I wanted to be an astronomer, but it was too
astronomer a person who studies astronomy 2
boring.
a distance one would travel while traveling at the speed of
lightyear Our closest galaxy is ten light-years away. 2
light for one year
strona 38
galaxy one of the independent stars in the universe There are billions of galaxies in the universe. 2
solar system a sun and the group of planets which revolve around it Our solar system has nine planets. 2
the center of a very distant galaxy producing large Quasars seem to emit about 100 times more
quasar 2
amounts of energy energy than the average galaxy.
Pulsars have a mass similar to the sun. but a
pulsar a very small dense star that sends out radio waves 2
diameter of about 10 Km.
gravitational the force which attracts any object of any mass towards The gravitational pull of the sun keeps the
2
pull any other object of any mass Earth in place.
the curved path through which objects in space move Once in space, the spacecraft went into its
orbit 2
around a planet or star which has gravity orbit.
a theory about or the study of the nature and origin of the
cosmology Cosmology is offered at few universities. 2
universe;
nebula a cloud of gas or dust in space ; The photographs of the nebula were beautiful. 2
interstellar between the stars; Interstellar travel is now impossible. 2
a region in space where gravity is so strong that nothing,
black hole Black holes only exist in theory. 2
not even light, can escape from it;
A super nova is about ten thousand million
super nova a star which has recently exploded; 2
times brighter than the Sun.
an object that moves around the sun that is only rarely You'll be lucky if you see Haley's Comet once
comet 2
seen from the Earth and then as a bright line in the sky; in your lifetime.
Communication
no ifs, ands or sth one says (usu. to a child) to preclude further No ifs, ands or buts! Just tidy your room like I
Bez dyskusji! 3
buts! argument/discussion. told you, and that's final!
expressing regret over a wrong one has committed or Petra was very apologetic about having being
apologetic skruszony 3
some difficulty one has caused. so rude the other night.
culture (humorous) someone who is very keen to see and She is a bit of a culture vulture. She will only
3
vulture experience art, theater, literature, music, etc. visit places that have at least one art gallery.
a language used for communication between people English is the undisputed lingua franca of the
lingua franca 3
whose native languages differ. business world.
Gina was so loquacious that we didn't have the
loquacious extremely talkative, at times perhaps overdoing it. Gadatliwy 3
slightest problem establishing contacts abroad.
not be on
to be refusing to talk to someone because you have had a Nie rozmawiać She is not on speaking terms with her ex-
speaking 3
falling out. z kimś husband.
terms
In the face of stiff competition from rival
to fight fire to respond with (i.e. resort to) like force when under
firms we had to fight fire with fire and slash 3
with fire heavy attack.
our prices.
cock andbull Duby smalone, Carol gave no credit to her daughter's cock-
a story or explanation that is obviously untrue, 3
story banialuki and-bull story.
to bow and (disparaging) to try to gain approval by excessive Some teenagers need to bow and scrape just to
3
scrape politeness and obedience. get permission to go to a party.
formal female greeting; a slight bow, knees bent, with one
curtsy dygać She was forced to make a curtsy to the Queen. 3
foot in front of the other.
Not affected or influenced by something and seeming not Jane was impervious to the criticism about her
impervious 3
to notice it. work.
banter Conversation that has a lot of jokes and teasing. Andy used to enjoy bantering with Asia. 3
Magnus is such a stoic. Even at the funeral of
Someone who does not show their emotions or complain
stoic his mother he managed to smile and chat 3
when something unpleasant happens to them.
about the weather.
The presence of Dr Stiff stifled all
to stifle To stop something from happening or developing. 3
conversation among the nurses.
Dr Smiggles is always scowling and snapping
grouchy Bad tempered 3
he is such a grouchy old man.
delusions of the belief that one is more important or powerful than one mania Some shop assistants in this town apparently
3
grandeur actually is wielkości suffer from delusions of grandeur.
to bend the top part of one's body forward and raise one's He hunched his shoulders and thrust his hands
to hunch garbić się 3
shoulders and back deep into his pockets.
As the verdict was read out, the accused
to incline to bend forward a part of one's body, esp. the head pochylać 3
inclined his head in repentance.
a stiff upper an ability to appear calm when in pain or trouble, etc.; a I never once saw my father cry or show any
3
lip sign of stoicism. sign of vulnerability; he always kept a stiff

strona 39
upper lip.
His inscrutable expression contributed to this
niezbadany,
inscrutable that cannot be understood or known. overwhelming feeling that he was hiding 3
nieodgadniony
something.
to 'dig deep' (i.e. search long and hard) for information Once you start delving into such matters
delve into sth dociekać 3
about/on sth; investigate. there's no telling what you're liable to unearth.
Psychologists consider mystic and spiritual
different from what is normal or usual; deviating from a experiences as plainly anomalous. NATO
anomalous 3
general rule; irregular. described the bombing of the Chinese
Embassy in Belgrade as an 'anomaly'
an unpleasant fact about a person told to him by others; bolesna It is time you listened to a few home truths
home truth 3
the unvarnished truth. prawda about yourself, Bolek.
too important (i.e. 'sacred') to be challenged, changed, She doesn't mind working late on occasion,
sacrosanct święty 3
disturbed or argued about. but her weekends are sacrosanct.
Because the drinks were so cheap we got
hammered To be very drunk. 3
completely hammered!
dirge Slow, irritating noise The rush-hour traffic was a complete dirge. 3
There's something very pleasant about dining
al fresco In the open air. 3
al fresco.
The music wasn't particularly good, per se, but
per se In itself. 3
I enjoyed the overall performance.
According to the doctor, her depression was
excessive desire and determination to get things done or to
hyperdrive caused by her hyperdrive to become a 3
achieve something.
celebrity.
the writing The firm was headed for rough sailing; the
(there are) clear signs that warn of failure, disaster or
(is) on the writing was on the wall and lay-offs were 3
defeat.
wall imminent.
John's parents decided to punish him severely
to play hooky to stay away from school without permission. wagarować 3
for playing hooky.
to fly/ leave to leave your parents' home for the first time in order to Once the kids have all flown the nest we'll sell
3
the nest live somewhere else. this flat and move to the country.
zaklęcia, słowa The gambler muttered an incantation to
incantation a series of words used as a magic spell or charm. 3
magiczne himself as he released the dice.
an example serving as a model; pattern, ideal, e.g. a They always held his brother up as a sort of
paradigm 3
paradigm of virtue. paradigm.
to force into or deter from some action by inducing fear;
The gang tried to intimidate the merchant. I
to intimidate to make timid; to overawe or cow, as through the force of 3
must admit I felt more than a little intimidated.
one's personality or by display of wealth, talent, etc.
to indicate or make known indirectly; hint; imply; suggest, The report intimated that more was involved
to intimate sth 3
insinuate. than met the eye.
The lawyers enjoyed hours of leisurely
discourse at their club. We listened to a
communication of thought by words; talk; conversation;
discourse discourse on the evils of drugs. The professors 3
treat a subject formally in speech or writing.
discoursed on Mycenaean civilization for an
hour.
His cigar smoke permeates the house. The rain
to permeate to be diffused through; pervade. permeated the old tent. Bias permeated the 3
report.
cutting to the heart of the matter; brief but comprehensive;
concise Write a concise summary of the book. 3
succinct.
The arcane attitude of the FBI must be dealt
tajemniczy,
arcane mysterious, secretive. with soon - we need more openness in 3
skryty
government, not less.
Those at the top end of the alphabet have high
conversely Opposite to... odwrotnie self-esteem while, conversely, those at the 3
bottom have low selfesteem,
Upon hearing Mr. Smith's claim that 'All dogs
have four legs, my cat has four legs, therefore
codswallop Absolute nonsense 3
my cat is a dog', they realized that he was
talking complete codswallop.
(będący w Those at the lower end of the alphabet are
disadvantaged in unfavorable conditions, niekorzystnym disadvantaged by their position when things 3
położeniu are arranged in alphabetical order. They
strona 40
certainly have to wait longer, at any rate
absurdalny There's a spaceship in your back garden? What
ludicrous absurd, ridiculous, laughable, 3
śmieszny a ludicrous idea!
krytyczny, The manager of our football team came in for
scathing severely critical, 3
zjadliwy scathing criticism after yet another defeat
dostatni, Most people would say that Britain is an
affluent rich. będący w affluent society, particularly compared to third 3
dobrobycie world countries.
to support the cause of/defend sth. Some people say we
to champion
should all champion the cause of feminism for in the end 3
sth
its in everybody's interest to do so.
to plough
to plod heavily through some tiresome, laborious task. 3
through sth
to strike out to hit/lash out at sb or sth. 3
on the wane in decline. 3
to be sitting Manchester United are sitting pretty at the top
to be in a comfortable position/doing well. 3
pretty of the league yet again.
The union representative assured his
in the bag assured. 3
colleagues that the pay rise was in the bag.
to pull/bring The union leader had pulled it off yet again -
to be (unexpectedly) successful in one's attempt to do sth. 3
sth off nobody had expected such a large pay rise.
The children had succeeded in opening the can
to have
to really enjoy oneself. of paint and were having themselves a ball 3
oneself a ball
painting the living room walls!
Portsmouth carried all before them in their
to carry all
to triumph/make a big impression on others. campaign to win the league by a record 3
before one
number of points.
to be at the
President Bush is at the top of his tree - he
top of one's to be at the top of one's profession. 3
can't go any higher.
tree
Having passed all the tests given to them so
to come up to
to meet required standards. far, it had to be said that the students were up 3
scratch
to scratch.
Most company executives can be described as
a high flyer descriptive term for sb who is doing very well. 3
high flyers.
to go great Having won their first seven matches, the
to be doing very well, often at speed. 3
guns Portsmouth football team are going great guns.
to be a dab
very good at doing (normally) practical things. George is a dab hand at decorating. 3
hand at sth
to be hunky With the pay rise assured, everything was
swell, okay, fine! 3
dory hunky dory with the staff.
Promotion, a pay rise and an offer of the
to be coming
to be turning out fine! chairman's daughter's hand in marriage! 3
up roses
Everything was coming up roses for Gerald.
to be streets Manchester United are streets ahead of any
to be much better than sth else. 3
ahead other English football team at the moment.
Very few television programs are special -
run of the mill so-so, average, nothing special. 3
most of them are run of the mill.
to the boss.
You do not have to use any words to express
not using word: Using body language is a great example
nonverbal niewerbalny your feelings- it's called nonverbal means of 3
of nonverbal communication.
expression.
I'd like to be a polyglot so that I could go to
polyglot a person speaking many languages poliglota different countries and understand what people 3
say.
He knows eight different languages so you may say he is a
polyglot 3
polyglot.
a person who likes to spend time in activities with other Extroverts are outgoing, sociable kind of
extrovert ekstrowertyk 3
people rather than being quiet and alone , people.
Everybody likes her a lot because of her extroverted
extrovert 3
behavior.
medium a means for communicating, środek English is the medium of instruction. We use 3
strona 41
przekazu telephones as medium for staying in touch
with people who live far away.
He used gesticulation to help them understand.
a movement with one's hands or arms to communicate
gesticulation gestykulacja He uses gesticulation too often; he should 3
something that using only words cannot,
concentrate on the words more.
He is unable to discern what is going on. How
discern to understand, realize, rozeznawać się 3
can I discern if what he's saying is true?
to raise your shoulders to show you either don't know, or wzruszać
shrug "Who knows?" he said and shrugged. 3
don't care about something, ramionami
communication of thoughts and feelings between people's If we could communicate through telepathy
telepathy telepatia 3
minds without using speech or other physical signs, spoken language would die out
unikać
hedge to avoid giving a direct answer, Stop hedging and answer my question. 3
odpowiedzi
Women often accuse men of being too
taciturn speaking very little, małomówny 3
taciturn.
My mother and aunt can chinwag for hours on
chinwag to chat, gawiedzić 3
end.
system of communication used by deaf - mute people In some universities you can study sign
sign language język migowy 3
involving hand gestures, language as a second language
Things were going well until you had to butt
butt in (coll.) to interrupt wtracac się 3
in.
chime in He is always ready to chime in with his
to give one's opinion about something wtrącić się 3
(coll.) opinion.
przekomarzani He tried to cover his shyness with a lot of
banter a light joking talk , 3
e się banter.
be on a
nadawać na We are just on different wavelengths when it
different to think differently from someone else (coll), 3
różnych falach comes to politics.
wavelength
I had to tell her a little white lie so I wouldn't
white lie a harmless, unimportant lie, kłamstewko 3
hurt her feelings.
to get in touch skontaktować
to contact sb through mail, phone etc, Please get in touch with through email 3
with się
to spoil for a To be very keen to have a fight or argument with Every time I said something he contradicted
3
fight someone. me. It was obvious he was spoiling for a fight.
over
Liking something very much (But often used in the Karen doesn't seem exactly over enamored
enamoured 3
negative) with her new job.
with sthg
to make
to come to understand with some difficulty, zrozumieć 3
something out
Since we had our little altercation she hasn't
altercation Short disagreement. 3
spoken to me.
The police suspected that their chief witness
hush money bribery/money intended to keep sb quiet. had been given some hush money to keep him 3
from testifying.
Violence, sex, insults, cruelty, etc that is done for no The thing I hate most about Rambo films is
gratuitous 3
reason and causes unnecessary harm or offence. the gratuitous violence.
The activities of MI6 are through necessity
clandestine Secret activity 3
clandestine.
to give sb the The headmaster gave four boys the cane
To administer corporal punishment with a long, thin stick. 3
cane because they hadn't done their homework.
There is something of a dichotomy over what
to do with those who commit serious, anti-
dichotomy A division in to two parts. 3
social criminal offences such as rape, murder
and pedophilia - do we execute or rehabilitate?
volatile Unstable and unpredictable situation The situation in Afghanistan is fairly volatile. 3
The onus for success rests upon the shoulders
onus Responsibility for lessen 3
of the students.
The campaign was conducted with ruthless
ruthless without pity or compassion; cruel; merciless, bezlitosny efficiency. Attila the Hun was a ruthless 3
tyrant.
to be/get to be assaulted or menaced and robbed, esp. in a public pobić kogoś He never walked the streets after dark for fear 3
strona 42
mugged place, he'd get mugged.
to be/get An old lady was mugged by a gang of youngsters in the
3
mugged park.
the violent killing of many people at one time; a ruthless Wounded Knee was a bloodbath; some 200
a bloodbath rzeź 3
slaughter; a massacre, Sioux were massacred by U.S. troops.
violent crime carried out as a by-product of the illicit
Mr. Belaunde described the anti-drug team
narcoterroris manufacture, trafficking, or sale of drugs, especially narkoterroryz
members killed during a raid in Peru as heroes 3
m against any individual or instituton attempting to efforce m
and said their killers were narcoterrorists.
anti-drugs laws,
All opposition is brutally repressed by the
to prevent discussion, protest, etc. by force; inhibit, quell, regime. Seasoned mercenaries were hired to
to repress represjonować 3
supress, repress the rebellion. It is often wrong to
repress one's true feelings.
A device pushed through a mail slot wrecked a
a device a euphemistic term for a bomb, bomba 3
recruitment center in Halifax.
Women still have to face a great deal of
any preconceived opinion or feeling, either favorable or prejudice in the workplace. Will you be able to
prejudice uprzedzenie 3
unfavorable, judge without prejudice to the defendant? Her
prejudices were many, her reasons few.
phencyclidine, also called PCP an anesthetic drug,
Angel dust is one of the most dangerous street
angel dust C17H25N, used as an animal tranquilizer: also widely anielski pył 3
drugs ever created.
used in several forms as an illicit hallucinogen,
The terrible prospect of large-scale guerrilla
warfare convinced the minister of defense that
a member of an unofficial military group, especially one
guerrilla or a preemptive strike would be most prudent.
fighting to remove the government from power, attacking partyzant 3
guerilla The term "guerrilla warfare", from the
unexpectedly and in small groups,
diminutive of "guerra war", dates back to
180010 and was originally used in re
All I said is, "We could use some fresh blood,"
and they accuse me of being an ageist! The
discrimination or prejudice against someone on the
government campaign against ageism was
ageism grounds of age, especially prejudice against middle-aged 3
stepped up this week with a call for employers
and elderly people,
to dispense with discrimination against the
elderly in job advertisments. How
to seize an airplane or other vehicle by threat or by force, The recent hijackings resulted in the closing of
hijack esp. for ransom or political objectives, or to steal cargo porwanie airports and cancellation of flights. They 3
from a truck or other vehicle after forcing it to stop., hijacked the truck outside the city.
The argument that the death penalty isn't really
a punishment because we'll all die sooner or
flimsy Evidence or beliefs which are weak and poorly supported. 3
later is the flimsiest argument I have heard
against capital punishment.
When he has stopped at a red light, he is
forced out of his vehicle at knife or gun point
a carjacking the forcible stealing of a vehicle from a motorist, and the carjacker jumps in and drives off. 3
These days drivers need to be more vigilant;
the danger of carjacking is real.
a sudden violent attack; onslaught. Also: to make an Soldiers made an assault on the enemy lines. I
assault napaść 3
assault upon; attack; assail, was unprepared for her verbal assault.
a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the
Once again, racism is rearing its ugly head in
various human races determine cultural or individual
racism rasizm Europe. She refused to perform in any locality 3
achievement, obviously involving the idea that one's own
that practiced racism.
race is superior,
America have got Osama bin Laden firmly in
to have sb/sth To suspect sb of having done sth bad, or observing sth
their sights as being the man behind the WTC 3
in one's sights with the intention of attacking or killing it.
attack.
The American's learnt during the Vietnam
brute force Using physical strength rather than thought or intelligence War that brute force alone will not necessarily 3
secure victory.
Having extremely strong beliefs, particularly religious or The religious zealotry of some Islamic nations
zealotry 3
political. is quite disturbing.
An argument or statement which is not based on fact or He supported his claims with spurious
spurious 3
reasoning and is likely to be wrong. evidence.
proliferation Something that increases rapidly. The proliferation of McDonalds and Pizza Hut 3

strona 43
is a good example of cultural imperialism.
Some see the current war in Afghanistan as
aggrandiseme
An increase in power, size or importance. being nothing more than American 3
nt
aggrandizement.
cavalier Some members of society have a rather
Not caring or thinking about consequences 3
attitudes cavalier attitude towards the law.
The accused was remanded to the custody of
remand to send back or consign again. 3
the lower court to await further proceedings.
They sent the assassin to the Hannibal House
correctional
a bleeding-heart-liberal euphemism for 'prison'. of Corrections for a crash course in 3
facility
rehabilitation.
in the slang of drug users, a pellet or lump of "crack",
highly addictive purified cocaine in crystalized form, The rock is put in a pipe and smoked, with far
rock działka 3
smoked for its stimulating effects; named after its rock- more potent effects than inhaling the powder.
like consistency,
a person dwelling with others in a confined place, usu. a The undercover journalist found the treatment
an inmate 3
prison or mental hospital. of asylum inmates appalling.
Hugo stabbed a guard in order to gain the respect of his
an inmate 3
fellow inmates.
He'd been on death row for three years,
death row prison cells for inmates awaiting execution. 3
appeals still pending.
a respite from impending punishment, esp. from It was only a temporary reprieve. He would
a reprieve 3
execution; a warrant authorizing this. face the hangman sooner or later.
The attorney won for his convicted client a
a stay of sth suspension of a judicial proceeding, a postponement. 3
stay of sentencing.
The death row inmate never lost hope that the governor
a stay of sth 3
might issue a stay of execution.
to exchange for another or for something else;
to commute Medieval alchemists attempted to commute
interchange; to change (e.g. a prison sentence or other 3
sth base metals into gold.
penalty) to a less severe form.
to commute The governor commuted the convict's sentence to life
3
sth imprisonment.
wrong, improper, or excessive use; misuse: the abuse of We've recently seen a decrease in heroin abuse
abuse nadużycie 3
privileges/authority; drug abuse, in all parts of the country.
to treat sb in a cruel way, esp. because of their race, their Throughout history, religious minorities have
persecute prześladować 3
politcal or religious beliefs, been persecuted for their beliefs.
Every time our team scored, we each did a line
of coke through a twenty-dollar bill. She
drug slang, a dose of a powdered drug, esp. cocaine,
line kreska produced a sixinch ivory tube, sank to her 3
intended to be taken nasally,
knees and greedily did her lines, snorting
"angel dust" into each nostril.
drug slang, to take heroin (or heroin mixed with another
to chase the pogoń za They invited us to chase the dragon Hong
smokable drug) and heat it on a piece of folded tin foil and 3
dragon smokiem Kong style, with matches, foil and tube.
inhale the fumes,
the practise of keeping people of different races, religions The US Supreme Court ruled in 1954 that
segregation or even sexes apart and making them live, work, and study segregacja racial segregation in schools was 3
separately, unconstitional.
One victim of the fraudulent scheme was
a person who is harmed in any way, or who is injured or
swindled out of her entire life savings. The fire
victim killed as the result of a crime, bad luck or an accident. ofiara 3
claimed 43 victims. The families of the
Also used of a deceived or cheated person.
victims were devastated.
I still can't believe OJ got off scot free! What a
miscarriage of justice. They let him off the
scot free free from harm, restraint, punishment, or obligation. 3
hook without even a slap on the wrist. He got
off scot free.
Psychologists are investigating the extent to
Very harmful or evil in a way that is not immediately
pernicious which certain types of film have a pernicious 3
obvious
effect on the viewer.
Following the shooting in Portadown of three
To do something bad to someone because they have done
to retaliate Republicans the IRA have retaliated by killing 3
something bad to you.
three Loyalists.
The results of an action or event , particularly a bad one, After putting glue on the headmasters chair the
repercussions 3
which continue to have an effect for some time. school boys lived in fear of what the
strona 44
repercussions might be.
They had suspicions about his background
iffy Questionable 3
because of his iffy accent.
In Lord of the Flies we can see how Jack
ascendancy A position of power, influence or control. slowly gains ascendancy over the rest of the 3
boys.
'We will bring the perpetrators of this terrible
Someone who does something that is morally or legally
perpetrator crime to justice', said the police officer in 3
wrong.
charge of the operation.
Most consider religion to be fairly innocuous
innocuous Not offensive, dangerous or harmful. but Marx believed it be an instrument of 3
oppression.
Analysis of American Foreign Policy could
lead one into assuming that successive
bellicose Always wanting to fight or argue aggressive 3
governments have taken a rather bellicose
attitude towards international relations.
to make a Come on - admit you committed the crime!
clean breast of to confess. You'll feel much better if you make a clean 3
sth breast of things.
No, I'm not joking, I'm on the level - there
to be on the
to be honest/serious. really is a spaceship just landed in our back 3
level
garden!
There's no need to worry anymore - with
to be in the
to be assumed innocent. Hopkin's confession to the crime we're in the 3
clear
clear.
to get off/go The criminal got off scot free due to a legal
to escape punishment/be released. 3
scot free technicality.
The ex convict declared that from now on he
to keep one's
to stay within the bounds of the law. was going to keep his nose clean and stay 3
nose clean
within the bounds of the law.
to keep to the
straight and ditto (as above). 3
narrow
to be squeaky There's no question of whether Jones is guilty
to be considered completely innocent. 3
clean or not - he's squeaky clean.
to be above
to be not even contemplated as possibly being guilty. Jones is above suspicion, you mean? 3
suspicion
to show a
I chased after the mugger but he showed me a
clean pair of to run away. 3
clean pair of heels and got away.
heels
to be caught Jones was caught red handed - with his hands
to be caught in the act of doing sth - usually sth wrong. 3
red handed literally in the till.
The police stated that the escaped prisoners
on the run running away, trying to evade justice. 3
were now on the run.
To have a short fight with someone in a way that isn't very They had a bit of a scuffle but no-one was
scuffle 3
violent. hurt.
An attempt by a large group of people within a country to In some circles it is believed that America
insurrection 3
take control using force and violence. would like some sort of insurrection in Iraq.
to come clean to confess. 3
You can't escape the long arm of the law - if
the long arm phrase emphasizing the power of the law/the police - as
you commit a crime, they'll catch you in the 3
of the law being far reaching.
end.
to be I wouldn't trust Jones if I were you, he's light-
to be prone to stealing things! 3
lightfingered fingered and has a habit of stealing things!
Hopkins has been accused of aiding and
to aid and
to help sb commit a crime. abetting Jones in committing the robbery by 3
abet sb
saying when the manager was away.
You won't get Jones to admit that Hopkins
as thick as
secretive, on close personal terms. helped him though - they're as thick as thieves, 3
thieves
of course.
to turn
You mean, Jones won't turn queen's evidence
queen's to give evidence in court. 3
and say in court that Hopkins helped him?
evidence
strona 45
to point the Well, that was quite a surprise - when Jones
to indicate that sb is to blame for sth. 3
finger at sb pointed the finger at Hopkins!
to carry the
to take the whole blame for sth. 3
can
to carry the I don't know, I suppose it was not such a surprise that
3
can Jones decided not to carry the can!
to leave no The police have declared that they will leave
stone to investigate thoroughly. no stone unturned in their attempt to catch the 3
unturned crooks who robbed the bank.
to tip sb the to give sb/let sb know usually secret/confidential The police knew that sb was going to rob the
3
wink information. bank as sb had tipped them the wink.
to case the Apparently the thieves had been casing the
to observe a property/place before robbing it. 3
joint joint for ages before finally burgling it.
to be in
Criminals, like spies, are quite often in cahoots
cahoots with to be in (secret) collusion with sb. 3
with one another.
sb
an open and
a straightforward case, one easily proved in court. 3
shut case
The criminals made a last ditch attempt to
a last ditch open the safe by blowing it up, but
a final attempt. 3
attempt unfortunately they blew up its contents as
well!
nieumyślne
manslaughter killing sb but not necessarily deliberately, The charge has been reduced to manslaughter. 3
zabójstwo
A strong reaction against events, normally political or The government is facing a backlash over its
backlash 3
social policy on Europe.
The nefarious nature of pedophilia is yet to be
nefarious Evil or criminal. 3
fully understood.
The period of time after something such as a war,
It's difficult be objective in the aftermath of
aftermath accident, storm, etc when people are still dealing with the 3
such terrible crimes.
results.
It looks like a copycat murder, although we
a copycat crime is one that is believed to have been have to investigate if it was not the same
copycat influenced by another, often famous, crime because it is so powielony murderer as the last time, Many people 3
similar, commit copycat crimes because they are
fascinated by other criminals.
Mark lied to the judge to protect his wife and
krzywoprzysie
perjury telling lies in a law court, was convicted of perjury. The judge warned 3
stwo
the witness not to perjure herself.
The kidnaper would not be able to do it on his
a person who helps another person to do wrong, usually a own, he must have had an accomplice. During
accomplice wspolsprawca 3
criminal, the investigation the criminal admitted he had
an accomplice.
iniquity absence of moral or spiritual values, niegodziwość Terrorism is an act of iniquity. 3
ciężkie
felony a serious crime, Murder is a felony. 3
przestępstwo
przestępstwo He was imprisoned for lese majesty. Guy
lese majesty undermining one's government, przeciwko Fawlkes' attempt to blow up parliament was 3
władzom kraju lese majesty.
letting a prisoner go free before the end of his/her term as zwolnienie
parole He's going to be released on parole soon. 3
reward for good behavior, etc., warunkowe
The kidnappers demanded a ransom of
ransom money paid to kidnappers for the release of a victim, okup 3
$5,000,000 for the boy's release.
formally declare in court that a person is not guilty of a The jury acquitted her of murder, and she went
to acquit uniewinnić 3
crime, home.
one who gets pleasure in starting fires, one sick with
pyromaniac Piroman The pyromaniac almost burnt the house down. 3
pyromania,
deliberate murder of a whole community or race of Hitler and Stalin are recent history's most
genocide ludobójstwo 3
people, terrible perpetrators of genocide.
krzywoprzysię He committed perjury so that his cousin
perjury lying in court, 3
stwo wouldn't have to go to jail.
He extorted $2,000 from local shopkeepers,
extort get money or promises through threats, wymusić 3
telling them they'd "pay" if they didn't pay.
strona 46
During the 1980s Polish UB officers could
impunity To do something without fear of being punished. 3
behave with impunity.
Being confronted with an imputation
imputation an accusation of somebody being guilty of a crime, zarzut embezzlement he decided to resign from the 3
bank.
wyprzeć się, Some witnesses recanted their statements after
recant to negate a statement one has made, 3
wycofać being threatened.
He got a temporary reprieve so the courts
reprive postponement or delay of punishment, odroczyć 3
could go over his case again.
Guy Fawlkes was too proud to plead for
clemency mercy, łaska 3
clemency, so they tore him to pieces.
Criminals need to be castigated in order to
castigate to punish or speak to someone severly; surowo karać 3
learn a lesson.
incarcerate to imprison, uwięzić The thief was incarcerated in the county jail 3
oczyscić z His testimony exonerated the company of
exonerate to free someone of blame, 3
oskarżen wrongdoing.
search official document giving the police the right to search When the police got the search warrant they
nakaz rewizji 3
warrant someone's home, found the evidence they needed.
He was charged with complicity in the
complicity being involved in a crime, współudzial 3
murder.
The bloody glove was solid incriminating
incriminating said of evidence illustrating one is guilty of a crime, obciążający 3
evidence that he'd killed her.
capitulate to surrender, give in. kapitulacja never capitulate and would keep fighting to 3
the very last man!
vengeance punishment one gives sb in return for harm they caused, zemsta Vengeance is mine sayeth the Lord. 3
Education
Surely one of the benefits of a university
To improve someone's mind or character by teaching them
to edify education is the edifying effects it has on 3
something.
young people.
Everyone fell silent during Professor
gravitas Seriousness which is respected BingleySmith's speech which lent a certain 3
gravitas to the event.
Academically she is not very bright, but at
modicum A small amount of something, especially of good quality. 3
least she has a modicum of common sense.
I'm having difficulty concentrating on what
kerfuffle Unnecessary noise and activity. the teacher says as there is always a lot of 3
kerfuffle during class.
The most frustrating things for teachers of
A number of things mixed up without a sensible order or
hotch potch writing is making sense of the students' hotch 3
arrangement.
potch ideas
He looks so gormless, you'd never guess he
gormless A stupid appearance 3
was a Professor of mathematics.
Opting out of a liberal arts college, Joe went
vocational preparation for a specific job rather than for life in general szkoła
instead for vocational training to become a 3
training or simply enjoyment. zawodowa
welder.
The only reason he gets good grades is
toady one who curries favor by being overly helpful and
because he's such a shameless apple polisher.
an full of praise for sb, esp. a superior, usu. in an insincere
lizus What a bunch of brownnosers! They won't 3
applepolisher way: BACK-SCRATCHER, BROWN-NOSER, BOOT-
even tell the boss when he's making a big
LICKER, ASS-KISSER, etc.
mistake.
small scraps of paper (loaded with microscopic scribblings
of information) which ill-prepared students resort to pass Bolek was caught red-handed with a whole
cheat sheets ściągawki 3
an examination dishonestly, as by having improper access sleeve full of crib notes.
to answers.
indentured servant learning a trade in a guild of
My grandfather learned shoemaking as an
apprentice merchants, craftsmen or artisans one who works in return praktykant 3
apprentice to a master cobbler.
for being taught and is paid very little if at all.
ditto Used to say that you think the same as someone else 'I really am quite worried about my exams.' 3
ditto 'Ditto', he replied. 3
Sudden expression of anger or excitement among a large The decision of the government to make
furore 3
group of people about something that has happened. students pay for their university education has
strona 47
caused considerable furore in academic
circles.
Have you noticed the way Professor Blackwell
to give sb the
To make someone feel nervous. looks at his students? He really gives me the 3
creeps
creeps.
There's nothing worse than being stuck in a
snotty Behaving in a superior manner 3
classroom with 15 snotty school kids.
In order to finance his doctoral work, he put in
not unlike an APPRENTICE or INTERN, a T. A.'s work a few semesters as a teacher's assistant. I don't
t.a. (teacher's is performed in exchange for experience (and, in this case, even think the professors ever look at our
3
assistant) tuition credit) rather than substantial monetary essays. They just get their T.A.s to do it all.
remuneration. We'd hoped to have access to Tannen herself,
but most lectures
Sure, all the eggheads are voting for
an informal (often disparaging) term for a "pointy-headed Stevenson, but how many eggheads are there?
an egghead 3
intellectual": Also: NERD. Eggheads unite! You have nothing to use but
your yolks.
in such skilled, professional careers as medicine, law, etc., I was alarmed when it appeared as though an
a trainee is referred to as an intern, an ASSISTANT or a intern would be performing Dad's triple
intern JUNIOR... (rather than an APPRENTICE, which see) and, praktykant bypass. The interns always get stuck with the 3
hopefully, earns at least a token sum while completing dirtiest job. Well, I guess somebody's gotta do
their ON-THE-JOB TRAINING. it!
An old and rather odd tradition at Oxford is
skinnydipping To go swimming naked. for Professors to go skinny-dipping in the 3
Cherwell before breakfast.
to write or mark sth down quickly or briefly (usu. fol. by Hang on a second. Let me jot that date down. I
to jot 3
DOWN). have a terrible memory.
He decided that joining a fraternity would be a
Greeks; a "brotherhood", or service club of male students,
foot in the door to postgrad networking. I
a fraternity usu. living in the same house. The female counterpart is 3
survived Kappa Delta's killer 10keg sorority
called a SORORITY.
bash last weekend, dude. Unreal!
subsidiary, supplementary; joined, attached or associated, The private Higher School of Coś Tam next
esp. in an auxiliary or subordinate relationship, usu. of a door depends largely on adjunct faculty. The
adjunct 3
person working at an institution, e.g. a college, without Civil War was the first to see railroads used as
full or permanent status. an adjunct to military operations.
a disruptive, joke-cracking group member starved for You'll have to excuse Jorguś's behavior; I'm
class clown 3
attention. afraid he's our resident class clown.
Man, you missed it! There was a food fight in
a place in a school building where meals are provided for
the dining hall yesterday. Flying Twinkies! I
cafeteria or staff and students. a canteen, like mess hall, is a rather
stołówka usually study in the cafeteria; it's quieter than 3
dining hall more military sounding term, more likely to be
the library. Yes sir, Sarge. We'll report to the
encountered at a military academy or on a military base.
canteen for K.P. duty on the double.
the study of the punishment of crime, esp. prison Get a load of this: my girlfriend is a
penology 3
management. penologist! I really have to watch my step!
The creation of "drug-free zones" introduced
school
the total property of a school or college, often including stiffer penalties for possession of controlled
grounds or a
several separate buildings, a "quad" (sth like Park substances and weapons on or within 500yds. 3
college
Mickiewicza), sports fields, and parking lots, etc. of school grounds. The first two years I lived
campus
in the dorm but then I moved off campus.
a snitch, an informer; usu. used by kids of one who alerts Thanks a lot, tattle-tale! You got me into a
an authority (parent, teacher, grown-up) to a peer's secret heap of trouble when you told on me! There
tattletale skarżypyta 3
misdeed, cheating, etc.: blabbermouth, squealer, fink, rat, goes the snitch now, making a beeline for
nark. Principal Wallace's office. Let's get him!
doorman, concierge; a person who guards the main door It's prudent to charm the Novum porters after
porter woźny 3
of a large building. all, they do hold the keys to the kingdom.
the student in a group who infuriatingly wins the
admiration and respect of the instructor through Ugh! Looks like Ewa is going to be the
teacher's pet 3
conscientiousness, diligence and high test scores, to the teacher's pet once again this year.
chagrin of the rest of the class.
The janitor swept the halls every morning and
a custodian, maintenance man, handyman, superintendent,
janitor fired up the furnace before the students 3
caretaker; (in a church: sexton).
arrived.
a swot Brit. slang (both n. and v.) meaning both to study or work kujon Marek's such a swot! He'd rather sit at home 3

strona 48
hard, esp. when trying to get good examination results, reading Brumfit than go to the U2 concert.
and a student who studies hard; and seems to have no
other interests.
The mocking term "swot" dates back to the mid 1800s and
a swot 3
is a dialectic variant of "sweat".
a concealed copy of a translation, list of correct answers,
Thank God the proctors turned a blind eye! If
or other illicit aid (such as condensed lecture notes used
crib notes ściągawki not for those crib notes I'd be repeating the 3
by students while reciting, taking exams, or the like. (See
year!
CHEAT SHEETS)
to skip a class We skipped the lecture and went for a beer.
/ blow off an to opt not to attend. Iza was supposed to sit an exam this morning 3
exam but she just blew it off.
What a yob! He doesn't even know that one
Brit. slang for a rude or troublesome young man; a
yob or yobbo nicpoń, nierób should always remember to thank one's 3
teenage lout or hooligan.
hostess!
The term "yob" dates back to the mid 1800s and is a
yob or yobbo 3
consciously reversed form of "boy".
money given esp. by the state for a particular purpose
I still haven't heard from the foundation
a grant (usu. research), such as to a university or to a student stypenium 3
whether my grant will be extended or not.
during a period of study.
(both n. and v.) a petty tyrant, esp. a schoolboy, who hurts The bully terrorized the smaller boys into
ktoś, kto się
or intentionally frightens weaker boys, often intimidating doing his bidding. The Taliban has called the
bully znęca nad 3
them into handing over their lunch money in little league US a "world bully". He loved to bully his
słabszymi
protection racket. younger brother.
Her excessive truancy resulted in her being
to be truant / suspended from studies. Shouldn't you be in
to be absent from school without permission. wagarować 3
to play hooky class right now? You're not playing hooky
again, are you?
a grind / a an informal term for an excessively diligent student. (See My roommate is such a grind! She's always
3
crammer SWOT) studying like mad.
His research paper failed since fully half of it
to pilfer or steal, esp. to plagiarize, i.e. to copy from some zwalać od was cribbed straight from Sarett and Foster.
to crib (from) 3
source, be unoriginal. kogoś She was caught trying to crib answers from
her neighbor during the exam.
Actually, a student who failed to appear for a
a makeup test an exam in cosmetics (just kidding!). test but has a documented excuse for the 3
absence is entitled to 'make up' the missed test.
Mom! Eddie broke my yellow crayon in two!
a stick of colored wax or chalk used by children for kredka
crayon Grandma gave our twoyear-old a new 16-pack 3
writing or drawing, esp. on paper. świecowa
of crayons.
Going to curl up with War and Peace? Don't
a bookworm an avid reader; sb who also has his/her nose in a book. be such a bookworm, come see the film with 3
us.
If all you do is try to cram for the exam, you
to study in a rather panicked and superficial, last-minute,
to cram (for a might pass but you won't retain a whole lot.
11th-hour sort of way, esp. the night before an exam, or 3
test or exam) They were up all night with their lists,
even in the corridor right before entering C-1 to be tested.
cramming for the vocabulary test.
Well, Bolek, looks like we'll be seeing you in
egzamin September at the resit. Students who failed or
a resit (both n. and v.) an examination taken again. 3
poprawkowy had low scores were offered an opportunity to
retake the test.
You're attire's very smart today - have you got
attire dress/clothing. strój 3
an interview
być Having donned his hat, Gerald decided it was
donned put on/worn. 3
przyodzianym time to leave!
I'm surprised the contestant got that question
blatant obvious. oczywisty wrong - I thought the answer was quite 3
blatant!
pewny, Investing for one's future seems like a sound
sound well founded, healthy. 3
rozsądny idea to me.
Blaming the poor for their poverty seems
equitable fair, just. sprawiedliwy 3
hardly equitable to me.
chicanery trickery, deceit. przebiegłość I've had enough of your chicanery why can't 3

strona 49
you be less deceitful for a change?
kwitnąć,
flourish prosper, or to brandish sth. wymachiwać, Plants won't flourish unless you water them! 3
wywijać
wpajać coś I cannot inculcate upon you enough that you
inculcate impress upon. 3
komuś must think about your future!
As neither Gerald nor his wife had red hair,
revert to ancestral character (usu. In passive), compel to przejaw czegoś they could only assume that their baby's red
throwback 3
rely on. z przeszłości hair was a throwback to Gerald's Celtic
origins?
Only once you have studied law for many
learned (adj astute, wise. uczony years and are truly learned may you become a 3
judge.
It's difficult to give an accurate appraisal of
oszacowanie,
appraisal estimation. the situation following the earthquake, but 3
ocena
things do look bad.
One should always abide by the law, no matter
to abide by obey, remain faithful to. 3
how unreasonable it is!
The possibility of the company being sued is
precluded by prevented. 3
precluded by this clause here...
to pass with After studying very hard, Gerald passed his
to excel, do very well - esp. in an exam or test. 3
flying colours exams with flying colors!
Going out for a drink on one's eighteenth
rite of passage initiation. birthday is almost considered a rite of passage 3
by some people in Britain!
Many a person's memory may go into decline
in decline going downhill, deteriorating! 3
as they get older.
If you don't study hard for your exams you'll
to come a come a cropper - like my grandmother who
to succumb to some misfortune, fail. 3
cropper wasn't concentrating when she was walking on
the ice!
With only one parachute between the three of
to be up a them and the plane about to crash, they were
to be in a difficult position. 3
gum tree definitely up a gum tree - or at least the other
two were, decided Gerald!
to have one's to face a situation in which one has a lot of work to do if Tony Blair has his work cut out for him if he
3
work cut out one is to succeed. is going to create peace in the middle east.
to be in the Gerald's in the soup - he's smashed yet another
to be in trouble. 3
soup window while playing football!
I'm afraid I'm no great shakes at decorating -
to be no great
to not be very good at sth. I'd only make a mess of things if I tried to 3
shakes at sth
help!
With the defection of our top spy all our plans
to go to pot to go to rack and ruin, to go wrong. 3
have gone to pot!
The manager wondered if his new recruit
to come up to
to meet required standards. would really come up to scratch - as he 3
scratch
seemed very nervous?
With five games left and only one more point
to be sitting
to be in a comfortable position. needed to win the league, there was no doubt 3
pretty
Portsmouth football club were sitting pretty.
institutional formal, formalny He had no institutional education. 3
He mucked up his speaking exam, so now he'll
to muck up fail, as in an exam, zawalać 3
have to repeat the year.
umiejętność
expressive I have no expressive abilities. No one knows
how well one expresses his/her thoughts, wysławiania 3
ability what I'm talking about.
się
When I was a freshman I walked in on the
freshman first year student in an university, pierwszak 3
wrong class three times.
sophomore second year student in a university, drugoklasista My sophomore year was the most difficult. 3
Teachers constantly hone their skills and
to hone improve, esp. Skills, rozwijać 3
become better teachers.
He had great retentive memory, so he passed
retentive said of memory; able to hold facts and remember them, dobra pamięć 3
the exam.
strona 50
drudgery hard and uninteresting work, harówka Homework is sheer drudgery. 3
vocational szkoła My brother graduated from a vocational
schools teaching specific skills for a job, 3
school zawodowa school in engineering.
all the subjects that are taught in a school, college or program Computer studies is not on the curriculum at
curriculum 3
university, nauczania our school.
Latin has been introduced into the school curriculum this
curriculum 3
year.
the student who has received the best marks overall in his najlepszy Jane has been working really hard for the last
valedictorian 3
or her years in high school, college or university, uczen four years to be valedictorian.
Valedictorian is a person who gives the farewell speech at
valedictorian 3
commencement.
You must enroll in your courses before
enroll officially join a school or course, zapisac na kurs 3
August.
educational that teaches sth, edukacyjna This book is very educational 3
a private teacher who teaches one person or a very small
tutor korepetytor She has a tutor who helps her in English. 3
group,
I need a few tutorial classes in math because I don't
tutor 3
understand anything.
pedagog, Contemporary educators must take several
educator any person who teaches, 3
nauczyciel methods into account nowadays.
An educator must be more than a pedagogue
pedagogue a teacher who teaches strictly for memorization, pedagog 3
these days.
Environment
The people of the community were up in arms
sewage about the proposed sewage treatment plant.
oczyszczalnia
treatment a place where sewage is treated to render it harmless. The shortage of sewage treatment plants is 3
ścieków
plant among Poland's major environmental
problems.
an antipollution device used in motor vehicles to render
catalytic This old bus cranks out such noxious fumes
some pollutants in the exhaust gases harmless, thereby 3
converter because it has no catalytic converter.
reducing emissions damage to the environment.
The developers managed to get around the law
land that has wet and spongy soil, as a marsh, swamp, or
wetlands by creating new wetlands elsewhere to replace 3
bog.
those they sought to destroy.
a season of heavy rain that comes in the summer. Also: a I was caught off guard by the monsoon floods
monsoon 3
type of wind. but the locals took it all in stride.
carbon a colorless, odorless, incombustible gas, CO2, present in Dry ice, carbonated beverages and fire
3
dioxide the atmosphere and formed during respiration. extinguishers all use carbon dioxide.
stench an offensive smell or foul odor; a terrible stink. The stench of burnt plastic was unmistakable. 3
The program was intended to alleviate inner
to alleviate to make sth easier to endure; lessen in intensity; mitigate. city poverty. This medication should alleviate 3
the soreness.
The drought has depleted our supply of water.
to decrease seriously or exhaust the abundance or supply
to deplete The panel expressed concern over the 3
of sth.
continued depletion of the ozone layer.
Afforestation efforts have met with no lack of
afforestation to convert (bare or cultivated land) into forest. 3
volunteers.
Local politicians turned a blind eye when the
to deforest to divest or clear of forests or trees. industry deforested thousands of acres of 3
virgin wilderness.
a tropical shrub or low tree growing in marshes or tidal
Our guide took us to see a beautiful mangrove
mangrove shores, noted for interlacing above-ground roots sent 3
forest.
down from its branches.
Dissolve the chocolate in the top of a double
boiler: melt, render, soften. The final decree
to make a solid become liquid; remove or destroy;
dissolve dissolved their marriage: end, terminate, 3
disappear.
finish, conclude. The mysterious rider
dissolved into the mists: vanish, fade.
a condition of general bodily weakness, discomfort or There seems to be no remedy for this global
malaise vague unease, often marking the onset of a disease. Also: malaise. Mother isn't really sick, but she's had 3
an unhealthy or disordered condition. a malaise all winter.
desertification the processes by which an area becomes a desert, usu. The government revised its land use policy in 3
strona 51
involving drought combined with the overexploitation of an effort to halt desertification.
existing plant life.
under the surface of water (esp. the sea) or any other The submarine submerged The raging waters
submerged enveloping medium; inundated; hidden, covered, or submerged the tiny village. She submerged the 3
unknown. clothes in the sudsy water.
The fumes from his cigar made dining
any smokelike or vaporous exhalation, esp. of an odorous disagreeable. The smokestack fumed in great
fumes 3
or harmful nature. black billows. When he hung up the phone, he
was really fuming: furious.
Gilgamesh felled the great cedar forests where
to knock, strike, shoot, or cut down; cause to fall: to fell a now only desert reigns. As a boy, George
to fell sth 3
moose; to fell a tree. Washington confessed to having felled his
father's cherry tree.
Plato's philosophy has been disseminated
to scatter or spread widely, as if sowing seed; promulgate throughout the world. Not only despots seek to
to disseminate 3
extensively; broadcast; disperse. control the dissemination of accurate
information.
Contamination of the environment is one of
contamination being dirty and dangerous because of chemicals or poison. skażenie 3
the burning issues.
a rice field or the rice itself, esp. in the husk, either uncut After half a day in the rice paddies my feet
paddy 3
or gathered. began to itch like hell.
Pigs love to wallow: roll or lie in the mud.
Since the inheritance she's been wallowing in
to wallow to indulge oneself; luxuriate; revel, bask in, relish. 3
luxury. He's been wallowing in selfpity ever
since she left him.
He tossed pebbles at her window, trying to get
a small, rounded stone, esp. one worn by the action of her attention without waking the whole house.
pebble 3
water. Djoompeeniman was an ancient board game
played using pebbles of various colors.
short-horned grasshoppers migrating in swarms and A locust plague swept over the land and the
locusts 3
stripping the vegetation from large areas. crops were decimated.
The locusts cut a swathe of devastation through the
locusts 3
farmland, devouring everything in their path.
congenital wady The inhabitants of the most polluted cities are
that have affected sb. since birth. 3
diseases wrodzone susceptible to congenital diseases.
The frugal Scotsman never takes a cab when
economical in use or expenditure; prudently saving or
frugal he can walk. It was a frugal dinner, but very 3
sparing; not wasteful.
nourishing.
He's a profligate man, and no decent human
being should have anything to do with him.
utterly and shamelessly immoral; recklessly prodigal or
profligate His accountant resigned, admonishing him, 3
extravagant; wasteful.
"Your profligate ways are depleting your
fortune."
Once a forest stretching the river's length, the
deprived, desolated; without or having lost a particular valley now lays completely bereft of trees.
bereft 3
quality or power. Bereft of their senses, the villagers rose up
against the defenseless old woman.
The statistics on are alarming. Doctors suggest
suninduced skin cancer caused by unprotected overexposure to
using sun screen to reduce the risk of 3
skin cancer sunlight.
suninduced skin cancer.
The effects of the September 11th bombing
to resonate to echo. will resonate throughout history - no one will 3
ever feel safe anywhere ever again?
The resonant quality of the attack will last
resonant echoing, resounding. 3
forever.
Undoubtedly, Gerald could hear a discernible
discernible perceivable, hearable, that can be discerned or made out. noise coming from behind the door - 3
somebody was inside his room!
Of course, the noise was indiscernible to
indiscernible opposite to above! Gerald's friend - was deaf - but there was 3
definitely somebody there.
What I could do with is a little lemonade that
to fortify to make stronger. 3
has been fortified with a little whisky!

strona 52
The wizard uttered his incantation and Gerald
incantation magical formula, spell. 3
turned into a frog!
The hullabaloo coming from the classroom
hullabaloo uproar, clamor. clearly indicated that yet another teacher had 3
lost control of class three - it was so noisy!
I like Gerald's voice - it has such a nice
cadence movement of sound; fall of voice, esp at end of sentence. 3
cadence to it...
The din coming from the music hall clearly
din racket, loud noise. indicated that the new group still had to have 3
several practice sessions!
As Gerald entered the pub a cacophony of
cacophony discordant sound. sound greeted his ears - with no single voice 3
predominating.
The melodious voice of the birds singing in
melodious sweet sounding. the trees awoke Gerald from his gentle 3
slumber!
Most lullabies are deliberately designed to be
euphonious pleasant sounding. 3
as euphonious as possible.
The dulcet tones of the female opera singer
dulcet (tones) sweet soothing sound. floated across the concert hall, much to the 3
audience's delight.
The clamorous noise from the football stadium
clamorous noisy. indicated that an exciting match was taking 3
place.
The guitar players singing was most tuneful -
tuneful melodious (see above). 3
pity about his actual guitar playing!
The raucous noise coming from the car's
raucous harsh sounding. engine perhaps suggested that two parts were 3
rubbing against each other...
to raise a hue The crowd raised a hue and cry until they were
to make a lot of noise/create a lot of bother about sth (to
and cry over given their money back for the cancelled 3
complain loudly).
sth performance!
I hope I didn't drop a clangor when I
to drop a
to make a faux pas, make a bad mistake. mentioned that I saw Gerald's girlfriend out 3
clanger
with another man last night?
as silent as the Everywhere it was utterly quiet - it was as
deadly quiet. 3
grave silent as the grave.
Well, the party certainly seemed to go with a
to go with a
to go very well. bang it went very well! Loud enough to waken 3
bang
the dead very noisy.
it's so noisy in
almost loud enough to waken the dead! 3
here
I should say the violin player's tune was rather
grating on the
harsh sounding. grating on the ear than very pleasant sounding 3
ear
- I thought someone had trodden on a cat!
such as coal or oil that is produced by the very gradual Environmentalists would like to see fossil
fossil fuels paliwa kopalne 3
decaying of animals or plants over millions of years. fuels replaced by renewable energy sources.
waste and material from nuclear reactors, which is There are no easy solutions to the problems of
nuclear waste 3
radioactive. nuclear waste disposal.
noxious trujacy,szkodli A heavy blanket of dust and noxious gases
harmful or poisonous. 3
(gases) wy, cover the capital for much of the year.
a very dangerous situation in which the materiel in a Reactor meltdown in 1986 released heavy
meltdown nuclear reactor melts and burns through its container, topnienie isotopes and contaminated a large area around 3
allowing radioactivity to escape. it.
the process of treating things such as paper or steel so that Recycling is important to help protect our
recycling przetwarzanie 3
they can be used again. environment.
wyczerpywani The consequences of the depletion of ozone
depletion reduction of the amount of the sth. 3
e,uszczuplanie layer in the atmosphere may be disastrous.
Digging irrigation ditches enabled people to
irrigation supplying land or crops with water. nawadnianie 3
plant rice in this area.
wymarcie, No longer exists. Conservationists are trying
extinction a situation in which a particular kind of animal, plant, etc. 3
wyginiecie to save the Wale from extinction.
debris all the pieces that are left after sth. has been destroyed in śmieci The beach was littered with debris. 3
strona 53
an accident, explosion, etc.
zdziesiatkowan
decimation destroying a large part of sth. The population has been decimated by disease.3
ie
środki
chemical substances used to kill insects and small animals The abuse of pesticides is destroying the
pesticides owadobójcze, 3
that destroy crops. fertile layer of the soil.
pestycydy
eksperymento During the ecological campaign
vivisection experimenting on animals. wanie na environmentalists protested against 3
zwierzetach vivisection.
someone who is used in a scientific test to see how królik
guinea pig 3
successful or safe a new product, system. doświadczalny
Regarding animals as inferior creatures seems
inferior lower, less good in quality or value. podrzędny 3
to justify experimenting on them.
Last summer's flood in Poland was brought
torrential (rain) very heavy. ulewny deszcz 3
about by torrential rains.
(river, lake, container) full of water so that it flows over its występować-z
overflow The river has overflowed its banks. 3
edges. brzegów
Logging causes deaths of many animals living
wycinka in forest. The government should forbid
logging work of cutting down forest trees for timber, 3
drzewa logging since there are almost no forests left in
our country.
Human beings, as well as apes, monkeys and
lemurs, belong to primates. Human beings
primates the most highly developed order of mammals, ssaki naczelne 3
should take special care of monkeys since they
also belong to primates.
I saw vultures picking at a lion's carcass. I
a body of a dead animal especially one that is to be cut up
carcass padlina would never be able to eat monkey's carcass as 3
as meat ,
some people do.
Africa is not the natural habitat of the polar
habitat natural home of a plant or animal, środowisko 3
bear.
Poachers have almost wiped out the African
poacher person who illegally hunts animals, kłusownik 3
elephant.
gale extremely strong wind, wichura The tornado caused terrible gales. 3
crustaceans shelled animal with a soft body divided into sections, skorupiaki Most crustaceans like crabs live in water. 3
cypel, The coast had many headlands overlooking
headland narrow piece of land sticking out of the coast into the sea, 3
przylądek the sea.
ochrona
conservation protection of natural wildlife, We should increase wildlife conservation 3
środowiska
zrzucające Maple and chestnut are examples of deciduous
deciduous having leaves that fall off in the autumn, 3
liście trees.
rezerwat
sanctuary protected area set aside for animals, Yellowstone is a large wild animal sanctuary. 3
przyrody
bioróżnorodno There is much less biodiversity now than a
biodiversity variety of species, 3
ść thousand years ago.
powodować
degrade reduce the worth or destroy, The rain forests are being degraded. 3
degredację
hostile not friendly, having ill will, wrogi The desert is a hostile environment. 3
rdzenny,
indigenous originating in a given area, 3
lokalny
indigenous Storks are indigenous to Poland. 3
We need to find a better bacteriostat for
bacteriostat sth retarding the growth of bacteria, bakteriostat 3
salmonella.
wysypisko The municipal dump is located outside the
dump area where garbage and waste are put, 3
śmieci city.
acid rain rain polluted with acids, kwaśny deszcz Acid rain is dangerous for plant life. 3
Ethical Issues
Mark's suggestion that the Beatles were the
Something that is the complete opposite of what you
anathema most overrated group in history was complete 3
believe in.
anathema to his wife.
Government should never pander to the wants
To give someone what they want even when you know its
to pander of society. Parents often pander to the wants of 3
not good for them.
their children buy giving them sweets, etc.
strona 54
We could tell the teacher was confused when
To try and hide the truth by not answering a question
to prevaricate he began prevaricating over the question of 3
directly.
research papers.
He is always very candid in his comments,
to be candid To be open and honest. 3
which can be rather embarrassing at times.
Mr. Darcy's dismissal of Elizabeth Bennett's
affront A remark or action that offends or insults someone 3
offer was an affront to her pride.
To believe that God is the only person or thing
fallacious False which has the right to take and give life is 3
fallacious in the extreme.
It was only upon arriving at his destination
ruse a clever trick used to deceive sb. that he realized the promise of teaching 3
beautiful models had been a ruse.
Her pretty smile belies the fact that she is
belie To give a false impression of something 3
deeply depressed.
bereft To be without. I find his argument bereft of logic. 3
His book claiming that Mother Mary wasn't a
audacious Brave and shocking 3
virgin was audacious in the extreme.
I don't think people fully appreciate the gravity
gravity Seriousness 3
of the situation
In the late 60s there was movement towards a
hedonistic Believing pleasure is the most important thing in life. 3
more hedonistic lifestyle.
Have you noticed how haughty museum
haughty An arrogant feeling of superiority. 3
curators can be?
Despite the fact that I have been with my
Someone who has oldfashioned opinions and doesn't like boyfriend for 5 years, my father still won't let
fogey 3
change. us sleep in the same room together. He is such
an old fogey.
I don't think Gerald is such a caring person
pretence false, an act. pozory 3
really - it's all just a pretence!
bujda, I wish you'd stop fibbing and tell the truth for
fib a small lie or (as a verb) the act of doing so. 3
kłamstewko a change!
The court decided that the defendant's story
fabrication made up/untrue story, a lie. wymysł 3
was a fabrication - and that he was lying.
What happened? Come on, stop equivocating
wyrażać się
equivocating using ambiguous words to conceal truth. and tell me - I can see by your face that sth has 3
dwuznacznie
happened.
This coffee isn't very good - it seems rather
ersatz substitute, (inferior) imitation. surogat 3
ersatz?
udawać, I think Jane was just shamming a headache so
sham (v) feign, pretend; (n) a pretence. 3
pozory that she could leave early?
Yes, I think Jane's excuse was a spurious one
spurious not genuine, not what sth purports to be. fałszywy 3
too.
No, this coat really is made of leather,
pukka genuine prawdziwy 3
honestly! It's pukka
Most politicians I think can be accused of
concealing or disguising sth, talking or acting
dissembling obłuda dissembling - it's rare to meet one that is 3
hypocritically.
entirely willing to tell the whole truth.
prawdziwy, This diamond is not real - the bona fide one is
bona fide enuine, sincere. 3
rzetelny over there.
I'd now like to introduce to you the venerable
venerable entitled to veneration or deep respect, worthy. czcigodny 3
lord Atkinson...
I think Gerald is a veracious person - I've
veracious disposed to speak the truth. prawdomówny 3
never known him to lie
I trust Joseph completely - his probity just
probity uprightness, honesty. prawość 3
can't be questioned
I've had enough of your duplicity - why can't
duplicity deceitfulness. obłuda 3
you speak the truth for a change?
Most priests denounce abortion although they
to say publicly that something is wrong; to be very critical cannot have families and children. My
denounce potepiac 3
of a person in public, grandfather denounces Jews even though he
has never known any.
brusque Using very few words in a way that seems rude but is not The hotel manager was rather brusque with his 3
strona 55
intended to be. guests, but then it had been a long day.
a young human or animal that is still developing in its Some people argue that fetus is not a human
fetus płód 3
mother's body, being yet. She lay curled up in a fetal position.
a glass tube, closed at one end, used in chemical The test-tube was broken and acid burned the
testtube probowka 3
experiments, scientist's hand.
killing somebody suffering from an incurable disease
mercy killing eutanazja Mercy killing is an euphemism for euthanasia. 3
painlessly,
The word "saphism" comes from "Saphos," a
saphism female homosexuality, lesbianism, 3
lesbian writer in ancient Greece.
Prostitution is legal in Holland, as well as
prostitution sex for pay, prostytucja 3
many other things.
surrogate matka It can be psychologically trying for surrogate
woman who gives birth to a baby for someone else, 3
mother zastępcza mothers when they have to give up the baby.
baby that develops from an egg taken out of the mother's
"dziecko z
test tube baby body, fertilized, and then put back into the mother to 3
probówki"
develop normally.
in vitro zaplodnienie in In vitro fertilization gives hope to infertile
fertilization outside the mother's body, 3
fertilization vitro couples.
professional etyka His license to practice law was revoked when
set of moral rules followed in a particular field of work, 3
ethics zawodowa he broke his professional ethics.
moral influence one gains through what other people perceive to autorytet The pope seems to have quite a lot of moral
3
authority be that person's high moral standards, moralny authority nowadays.
to give one's own opinions about what one believes to be My grandmother is constantly moralizing,
to moralize moralizować 3
right or wrong, telling me I live a bad life.
You can get hardcore pornography anywhere
hardcore showing the act of sex in an explicit way, twarda, ostra 3
in Berlin.
attempting to "improve" humanity through manipulation Some say that eugenics is a breach of the law
eugenics eugenika 3
of genes or the like, of nature.
artificial introduction of semen into the vagina by other than natural sztuczne Instead of getting married she decided to have
3
insemination means, zapłodnienie artificial insemination.
He has absolutely no scruples! He tried to sell
scruple a moral principle, skrupuły 3
me a bridge!
permissivenes There is much more sexual permissiveness
greater moral freedom, pobłażliwość 3
s nowadays.
lęk przed
There is a lot more homophobia in the
homophobia fear or dislike of homosexuals, homoseksualist 3
southern states than northern.
ami
darować,
condone accept a certain behavior, My mother never condoned my drug use. 3
wybaczyć
Clinton's people first tried to downplay the
accusations as having come from mere
disparaging and offensive media slang for an attractive but blondynka, bimbos. In the strict sense the bimbo exists on
bimbo 3
not too bright young woman, esp. one with loose morals. slodka idiotka the fringes of pornography, and some cynics
might say she has the mental capacity of a
minor kitchen appliance.
Health
As men get older they tend to develop a pot
pot belly A large round stomach that sticks out. 3
belly.
Upon jumping into the pond after the long
experience sudden and extreme pain caused by a muscle hike, Ted immediately got a cramp in his left
to get a cramp skurcz 3
involuntarily contracting, calf. She started getting stomach cramps this
morning.
His legs were bathed and ointment and new
a thick (usu. greasy) medicinal substance put on sore skin
ointment maść bandages were put on to bring a measure of 3
or a wound to help it heal,
relief.
srodek
something, which you eat or drink, that stops you from Foods that ferment quickly in the stomach are
laxative przeczyszczaja 3
being constipated, excellent natural laxatives.
cy
a medical condition in which the joints in someone's body zapalenie I have a touch of arthritis in the wrist. My
arthritis 3
are swollen and painful stawow mother suffers from spinal arthritis.
protruding odstajacy Andy was self-conscious about his protruding
if something protrudes from somewhere, it sticks out , 3
(e.g. TUMMY) brzuch ears,
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I've only had half a glass of wine but I'm
tipsy slightly drunk; having "caught a buzz", 3
beginning to feel a wee bit tipsy.
To do this kind of physical work, one must be
iron żelazne
to be healthy, fit and strong, of iron constitution. My grandpa has got an 3
constitution zdrowie
iron constitution.
detrimental (TO) harmful, damaging, szkodliwy Smoking is detrimental to one's health. 3
They were totally inebriated by the end of the
inebriated intoxiated, drunk, pijany 3
party.
deterioration /
- if something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way. Grant's health is steadily deteriorating, 3
deteriorate
if you sprain a joint such as your ankle or wrist, you
He fell and sprained his ankle. A badly
sprain accidentally damage it by twisting it or bending it zwichnięcie 3
sprained ankle; His wrist was sprained.
violently.
if something such as bone is fractured or fractures, it gets You've fractured a rib, maybe more than one.
fracture złamanie 3
a slight crack or crack in it. He suffered a fracture of a skull.
serious bleeding from broken blood vessels inside a wylew, Shortly after his admission into hospital he
hemorrhage 3
person's body. krwotok had a massive brain hemorrhage and died.
physical or mental energy needed to do a tiring activity for You have to have a lot of stamina to be a top-
stamina 3
a long time. class dancer.
a ligament is a band of strong tissue in a person's body,
ligament wiązadło He suffered torn ligaments in his knee. 3
which connects bones.
deliberately abstaining from drinking alcohol for an I'll just have some orange juice, please. The
on the wagon 3
extended period. doctor put me on the wagon again.
wrócić do He went to the mountains to recuperate his
recuperate get well again after an illness, 3
zdrowia health.
Children in impoverished countries are often
emaciated extremly thin, esp. from hunger or illness , wychudzony malnourished and, as a result, extremely 3
emaciated.
niedołęstwo,
infirmity weakness of body or mind, zniedołężnieni My aunt is suffering from age and infirmity. 3
e
Melissa had chain-smoked all evening and
if you guzzle something, you (usu.) drink it quickly and
to guzzle guzzled gin and tonics like they were 3
greedily,
lemonade.
a sports event in which athletes jump over a high bar, Pole-vaulting is among his favorite Olympic
pole vault 3
using a long flexible pole to help lift themselves up. disciplines.
David runs the 400m. hurdles on the track and
hurdle (1) an artificial barrier one leaps over in a race, 3
field team.
(2) any obstacle in one's way; a challenge; a disadvantage Confined to a wheelchair after the accident,
hurdle 3
to be faced and conquered. Sid had his share of hurdles to overcome.
an illness that affects some old people, causing them to zniedołężniały,
senility Just humor her. She's a bit senile sometimes, 3
become confused and forget things, starczy
If all the coronary arteries are free of
coronary belonging or relating to the heart. wieńcowe significant obstructions, all parts of the heart 3
will receive an equal amount of oxygen.
My goodness! It's so unlike you to be so
abstemious allowing oneself only a little food, drink, pleasure, wsrzemięźliwy 3
abstemious when the drinks are on the house!
He shrugged, then turned and lumbered back
to amble from one place to another; moving very slowly
to lumber to his seat. The 18wheeler lumbered up the 3
and clumsily.
mountainside.
burning sensation, either in the back of the throat or in the After eating that fatty meat yesterday I felt a
heartburn zgaga 3
left side of the chest caused by acid indigestion. terrible heartburn.
overindulgenc stan My husband is suffering from last night's
overdoing it with food and/or drink, 3
e przejedzenia overindulgence.
It didn't take long before he found himself
hooked addicted. 3
hooked on cocaine and alcohol.
During the football game one of the players
kicked Tom and broke his tibia. Tibia is the
tibia the front bone in the leg below the knee, piszczel 3
inner and larger of two bones from the knee to
the ankle.
She has a leg in a cast because she strained her
tendon a thick strong cord that connects a muscle to a bone, sciegno tendon playing tennis. Tendons are very 3
important parts of human bodythey enable us
strona 57
to move our limbs.
She looks pale and is so weak, maybe she has
an unhealthy condition in which there are too few red cells
anemia anemia anemia. I look anemic, I have to go to the 3
in the blood,
doctor and do a blood test.
w dobrym He was upbeat after his great performance in
upbeat state of being happy, 3
nastroju the play.
fast abstain from eating, pościć He is fasting for religious reasons. 3
After her trip to the beauty salon she look
wellgroomed about a person's appearance well cared for, clean, zadbany 3
much more well groomed.
wracać do He's recuperating from his car accident in the
recuperate to get well after an illness or injury, 3
zdrowia hospital.
bout of a
a period of illness, atak choroby I'm getting over a bout of the flu. 3
disease
a person suffering form bulimia, an eating disorder
bulimic bulimik The risk of suicide among bulimics is high. 3
involving selfinduced vomiting,
When anthrax bacilli enter the body they start
bacillus rod shaped bacterium, bakcyl 3
to breed.
They administered a serum into me to fight the
serum injected liquid that fights infection or disease, surowica 3
poison from the snake that bit me.
He sustained several lesions across his face
lesion a wound, rana 3
from the car accident.
wyrostek His appendix ruptured, and had to have an
appendix small bag of tissue attached to the large intestine, 3
robaczkowy operation
illness in which sugar is not properly absorbed in the Because of his diabetes he could not eat or
diabetes cukrzyca 3
body, drink anything with sugar.
condition the state of any illness, dolegliwość Asthma can be a frightening condition. 3
piece of cloth strapped around neck and shoulder to
sling temblak His arm will be in a sling until it heals 3
support a broken arm,
składnik Older people need as many nutrients as young
nutrient substance absorbed by the body to help it grow and heal, 3
pokarmowy people
a return to a state of illness after one had been getting We thought she was through with the worst of
relapse nawrót 3
well, the illness, but yesterday she had a relapse.
siedzący np.
sedentary said of a life style; not moving enough, Secretaries have very sedentary jobs. 3
tryb życia
prosthetic artificial as in an appendage of the body proteza He has a prosthetic leg from the war. 3
Upon jumping into the pond after the long
experience sudden and extreme pain caused by a muscle hike, Ted immediately got a cramp in his left
to get a cramp 3
involuntarily contracting, calf. She started getting stomach cramps this
morning.
The occasional work out in a gymnasium is
a workout a period of usually strenuous exercise in a gymnasium. 3
good for your health.
Mass Media
a lame
story/effort, Unconvincing His excuse about his absence was fairly lame. 3
etc.
to denigrate How the media can get away with denigrating
To say bad things about someone. 3
sb whoever they want amazes me.
The concept of national identity is considered
nebulous Vague/ unclear 3
by some to be somewhat nebulous.
to arrest
The proposition that Harold Wilson could
someone's To grab someone's attention 3
have been a Russian spy is an arresting one.
attention
Oscar Wilde was famous for his pithy
pithy Strongly and cleverly stated with few words. statements such as 'I have nothing to declare 3
but my genius'.
He confounded his guests by telling them all
to confound To confuse and surprise people by being unexpected. 3
to leave.
Certain newspapers are famous for their
scurilous Something that is damaging and harmful 3
scurrilous journalism.
Writing or speech which is difficult to understand or The play we went to see last night was turgid
turgid 3
boring. and amateurish.
coverage (1) the reporting or broadcasting of news: e.g. coverage of The newscaster received an award for her 3
strona 58
the Olympics. coverage of the election. I prefer the rather
sober coverage on BBC World to the glitzy
showmanship on CNN.
(2) the area or number of persons served or reached by a TV and radio stations constantly wrangle for
coverage communications medium, e.g. a broadcaster or a mobile zakres wider coverage. GSM companies often boast 3
phone company. of their extensive coverage.
a public a message appearing alongside commercials but without a
The celebrity came on and delivered a public
service product, broadcast to inform the public of the health risks
service announcement aimed at dissuading 3
announcemen of smoking or the hazards of drunk driving, to remind
teenagers from experimenting with drugs.
t them to vote, or to promote a healthy diet, etc.
He cranked up his new Rush CD and
to blow a to play music at a greater volume than the equipment was
immediately blew the left speaker. "Whoops," 3
speaker intended to handle, thereby destroying a speaker.
said he.
dish (Also
called In the early 1990s, a satellite dish on almost
SATELLITE a dish-shaped reflector, used esp. for receiving satellite antena every balcony was a common phenomenon -
3
DISH or and microwave signals. satelitarna to some extent, even a status symbol - in
DISH Poland.
ANTENNA)
We interrupt our regularly scheduled
a news story reported immediately or even as it is
breaking news programming to bring you this breaking 3
happening.
news...
a commonly used phrase to indicate an update or late- This just in, the government has announced it
this just in... 3
breaking story. will scrap its tax-hike plans.
Once he had opened a whole chain of shops,
an agreement in which a company gives a business the he began to franchise them to individual
franchise right to sell its good in return for a fee or a share of the franszyza owners. Private shuttle bus operators compete 3
profits. for the franchise to service new, outlying
residential areas.
The storm blew the aerial down and tore a
aerial a radio or television antenna. 3
hole in the roof.
a person, firm, organization, etc., that supports the cost of
The content was so controversial that they
a radio or television program, or sport event, etc., by
sponsors were having a hard time signing sponsors. 3
buying time for advertising or promotion during the
And now, a word from our sponsors...
broadcast.
! an enthusiastic (slang) request that the volume (usu. of When their favorite song came on the radio,
crank it up 3
music) be increased. they all started shouting, "Crank it up!"
At issue these days are the airline bailouts. Are
they being fairly administered? Governments
financial assistance given to a failing business or economy
bailout have to avoid protectionism, bailouts that 3
by a government, bank so as to save it from collapse.
cannot work and subsidies just to keep
industries alive.
a business lending money at interest on personal, movable
He managed to pick up a barely-used amp at
pawn shop property deposited with the lender until redeemed, which komis 3
the pawn shop for peanuts.
it often isn't and is thus sold off second-hand to sb else.
Our ratings couldn't be better! We're sitting on
percentages indicating the number of listeners to or
ratings top of the world! It's not about art, you know. 3
viewers of a radio or television broadcast.
It's all about ratings.
a radio or television program consisting of sports news or I couldn't afford tickets so I had to settle for
sportscast 3
commentary on a sports event. the radio sportscast.
dissemination; distribution of copies of a periodical The Solidarity newsletter had a circulation of
among readers; number of items distributed over a given over half a million copies. The half eagle, or
circulation 3
period, as copies of a periodical sold by a publisher, or fivedollar gold piece, is no longer in
books lent by a library. circulation. It's out of circulation.
(from "situation comedy") a television or radio series
serial "¦wiat według Kiepskich" and "13 posterunek"
a sitcom made up of independent episodes depicting the comic 3
komediowy are popular sitcoms on Polish TV.
adventures of a fixed group of characters.
constantly browsing through the numerous cable or I can't watch TV with my brother; he's
channel
satellite TV channels (without actually watching anything constantly channel surfing. It's drives me up 3
surfing
through to the end) in search of sth more interesting. the wall.
This thing's pretty complicated. I don't even
to set, regulate, change, alter, modify, regulate sth to suit
to adjust sth know how to adjust the color or brightness! 3
one's needs or tastes.
He adjusted the volume on his cell phone so as

strona 59
not disturb others.
Although laws do exist to punish firms
truth in honesty, integrity, accuracy, truthfulness in marketing engaging in false advertising, many people
3
advertising goods or services. still feel the phrase "truth in advertising" is an
oxymoron, i.e. a contradiction in terms.
a filmed or taped television program serving to introduce a
She was in the pilot for "Fox Fire Five" but it
a pilot possible new series; any a preliminary or experimental 3
was cancelled before it even went on the air.
trial or test, e.g. a pilot study.
(n. and v.) a program broadcast simultaneously on radio, There's going to be a simulcast of the event
television, and/or internet, or on more than one station, or tonight at 8pm. We were so far from the stage
simulcast in several languages, etc., or a closed-circuit television that Sting was just a speck in the distance. At 3
broadcast of an event, as a horse race or concert, while it least we could see him on the simulcast
is taking place. screens.
a
The Gods Must Be Crazy and Woody Allen's
mockumentar a parody of the documentary form. 3
Zelig are both hilarious mockumentaries.
y
Photos of the three of them cavorting on the
a newspaper about half the size of an ordinary newspaper,
nude beach appeared in all the tabloids.
tabloid usu. heavily illustrated, and often concentrating on 3
Tabloids are easy to vilify but somebody must
sensational or lurid news; a SCANDAL SHEET or RAG.
be buying the millions of copies sold.
There was an interesting rockumentary on last
a a documentary program about rock and roll music or a night called "Only the Good Die Young".
3
rockumentary particular genre, band. Spinal Tap was both a mockumentary and a
rockumentray.
"Who said anything about morality? I'd kill to
(n.) / PRIMETIME (adj.) - the hours, generally between 7 get a prime-time slot," one producer
prime time and 11 P.M. considered to have the largest television explained. One of their latenight shows 3
audience of the day. became so popular that the network
rescheduled it for prime time.
the main broadcaster on a program of news, sports, etc.,
It was easy to see that the news anchor
anchor who often coordinates the reports of the program's other 3
suffered a superiority complex.
broadcasters.
a person employed by a newspaper, television network,
And now we'll go live to our correspondent in
correspondent etc., to gather and report news regularly from a distant 3
Djibouti.
place.
a person who discusses news, sports events, or other The TV sports commentator said our team put
commentator 3
topics on television or radio. up a valiant fight.
a popular (and many would argue compromised) form of
I'm sick of these infotainment programs
modern news media, one that does not simply report facts
infotainment always trying to be so cute! Just the facts, 3
but provides analysis which tries to keep the audience
please.
awake and amused.
Gerald's excuse for being late sounds rather
dubious unreliable, of questionable or doubtful truth. 3
dubious to me - I think he's making it up!
All potential spies have to be carefully vetted
to make sure they don't turn out to be double
vetted carefully and critically examined. 3
agents who are secretly working for the other
side.
Joanna was absolutely irate when I broke the
irate angry. 3
vase - I've never seen her so angry!
The door to door salesman was undoubtedly
bogus spurious, sham. 3
bogus and clearly a con man.
The slogan of British Petroleum is "put a tiger
slogan short, catchy phrase used in advertising, etc. 3
in your tank".
(1)The use of biological weapons poses the
(1 Verb) Propound (question, problem); place (artist's
pose question whether the human race will be able 3
model, etc,) in certain attitude.
to survive?
(2 Noun) Attitude of body or mind, esp. one assumed As the film star left the cinema, she struck a
pose 3
purely for effect. pose for the cameras.
The caption at the top of the newspaper read
caption heading of chapter, article, etc. 3
"...
Exercise is good for you as it not only gives
agile quick moving, nimble. you more stamina but also makes you more 3
agile.

strona 60
The spy entered the building under the guise
guise External esp. assumed appearance, pretence. 3
of being a repairman.
Van Gogh's last painting depicts the rather
depicts shows, represents visually or in words. 3
confused state of his mind prior to his suicide.
provoke rouse, incite, annoy, irritate. Are you trying to provoke an argument? 3
I don't think one can ever condone unprovoked
to condone sth forgive, overlook, approve of. 3
violence.
I don't think one should trivialize the recent
to trivialise
to make sth seem less important than it really is. tragedy in America by using it for humorous 3
sth
purposes.
There are fears that America's attempts to
to backfire to have the opposite of the intended effect. 3
destroy the Taleban may yet backfire and
to backfire make them stronger! 3
(1)America's attempt to destroy the Taliban
prompt (1) cause or incite, may prompt many Muslims to support 3
Afghanistan.
(2) The actor on stage had clearly forgotten his
prompt (2)thing said to help memory - esp of actor. 3
lines and needed a prompt or two to help him!
The decision of the local court to find Hopkins
upheld confirmed or supported. guilty was upheld by the Supreme Court who 3
increased his sentence to a life one!
Most people of a religious persuasion consider
blasphemous profane, sacrilegious. 3
swearing in church as blasphemous.
After the recent bombing in America, the
prevalent generally existing or occurring, prominent. prevalent attitude among the populace was one 3
of wanting revenge.
It's often the case in disputes that there is some
to strike a truth on both sides and therefore I believe that
to achieve a balance, usually between two things. 3
balance one should attempt to strike a balance when it
comes to settling them!
When Anna removed her clothing on top of
to overstep the restaurant table, she clearly overstepped
to go beyond the bounds of decency, etc. 3
the mark the mark. After all, people had to eat the food
left there!
person accused of or guilty of crime or other Who was to blame for breaking the window,
culprit 3
misdemeanor. who was the guilty culprit?
I thought Gerald was very disrespectful when
disrespectful showing a lack of respect, discourtesy. 3
he shouted at the guest speaker.
The announcement that there was to be a
ambiguous of double or doubtful meaning. 3
surprise at the company soon was rather
It is not nice to mock people - or to make fun
to mock subject to ridicule. 3
of them.
It is important in some trials that some
anonymity of unknown name. witnesses retain a high degree of anonymity, 3
otherwise their lives could be at risk!
oznaczenie
filmu lub The film has been given an X rating. If a film
the system of giving a letter to a film, showing who may
rating programu, dla has G rating it means that it is addressed to 3
see it,
kogo jest general audience.
przeznaczony
a printed or written statement that says unfairly bad things
The politician is suing the magazine for libel.
libel about a person and may make others have a low opinion znieslawienie 3
She claims she has been libeled in the press.
of him or her,
National Geographic has a circulation of 11
the number of copies of a magazine, newspaper, etc. That
circulation nakład millions. The circulation of the magazine will 3
are sold each time it is produced
fall after increasing the price.
person who answers questions or discusses an issue on a "Good evening. Let me first introduce
panelist gość programu 3
TV show, tonight's panelists."
skrócić,
abridge make sth written or spoken shorter, "Ulysses" has been abridged for radio. 3
ograniczyć
newspaper article in which the editor gives his/her opinion artykuł "The Times's" last editorial was really
editorial 3
on a subject, wstępny controversial.
newsworthy interesting enough to be reported, warty IFA's eightieth anniversary was newsworthy 3
strona 61
publikacji enough for TVP to report on.
scoop (coll.) important information about a news item, bomba The reporter got a hot scoop about the war. 3
garbled about a statement; unclear, confusing, przekręcony His message was garbled. 3
embellish make a statement more interesting, usually with small lies, koloryzować The media often embellish the news. 3
There are a lot of banners over the streets
banner long poster for advertising, transparent 3
advertising different things.
revenue entire income, dochód Advertising revenue has dropped noticeably. 3
Good quality computer screens have great
resolution making a picture clearer, rozdzielczość 3
resolution.
His brand new amplifier on his cd player cost
amplifier part of a radio that controls the volume, wzmacniacz 3
$500.
przenośny
ghetto blaster larger portable stereo with loud speakers, radiomagnetof Ghetto blasters were popular in the 80's. 3
on
prezenter
newscaster a TV news reporter, TVN has the best newscasters. 3
wiadomości
korespondent
news anchor reporter living abroad providing news for TV, She works as a news anchor in Slovakia. 3
zagraniczny
Politics
poverty of an
The poverty of his arguments is the heart of
argument/ Weakness 3
his writing problems.
idea
A written or spoken statement that strongly criticizes or The polemic over European union is
polemic 3
defends a particular idea, opinion, etc. increasing day by day.
expound To explain or talk about something in detail. We often expound upon things we believe in. 3
Erstwhile opinions suggest politics was the
erstwhile Former 3
main cause of the English Civil War.
The Northern Ireland Secretary handled the
aplomb Confident and skilful. 3
hostile questions with great aplomb.
To state that you are not responsible for sth or that you He later disavowed any connection with the
disavow 3
have no knowledge of it. Fascist collaborators.
I defy you to confute my assertion that the
confute To prove that a person or belief is completely wrong. 3
world is round.
The Prime Minister can choose who he wants
incumbent The holder of a particular position. as a Foreign Secretary. The present incumbent 3
is Jack Straw.
Arguments over a single European currency
abate To reduce lessen/lessen 3
are unlikely to abate in the near future.
The anti-globalization movement is slowly
impetus To gain momentum. 3
gaining impetus.
A statement that has been made many times before and is
platitude His end of year speech was full of platitudes. 3
not interesting or clever.
Something that is present but hidden and may develop or The idea that Germany is a latent threat to
latent 3
become more noticeable in the future. Polish security is ridiculous.
A ruling class of rich people, a country ruled by such Britain was far more of a plutocracy in the
plutocracy 3
people, or a government consisting of them. 19th century than she is today.
Because of his subversive views the
Ideas, activities, etc that are secret and often intended to
subversive intelligence services had him under constant 3
encourage people to oppose a government, religion, etc.
observation.
In their pre-election manifestos, political
To prevent something from spreading/increasing to stop;
to stamp out parties often pledge to stamp out crime - but 3
lessen.
they never do.
To give your opinion about something in a way that shows Politicians often seem to pontificate on
to pontificate 3
you think you are always right. matters they really don't know much about.
selfgovernmen government of a country by its own people, free from samorządność, During the partitions Poland fought for self-
3
t / self-rule outside control or inflence; independence. niezawislość government.
to combine into one body or uniform substance; to This report incorporates all our thoughts on
to incorporate 3
embody; to form into a society or organization. the subject.
The committee incorporated the investigator's findings in
to incorporate 3
its report.
martial law law temporarily imposed upon an area by state military stan wojenny The declaration of martial law came as a 3

strona 62
forces, esp. when civil authority has broken down. shock but the crisis had been brewing for
many months.
After the unsuccessful rebelion, the whole country was put
martial law 3
under martial law.
The Prime Minister has given official airing to
official airing To make public 3
his views on abortion
Something people do because they feel it is the right thing This international war against terrorism is
moral crusade 3
to do. The people who do this are Moral Crusaders. something of a moral crusade.
Before launching their attack, the chiefs of
To try and find out the position and size of your enemy's
to reconnoitre staff ordered their forces to reconnoiter the 3
army, for example by flying over land where they are.
terrain.
Because the Taliban are believed to have
to face the full To be confronted with the force of something's supported and helped Osama bin Laden, it is
3
might of sthg power/strength. only natural that they can expect to face the
full might of America's anger.
You can read about the past week's legislative
legislative of or pertaining to the enactment of laws. 3
proceedings in the Congressional Report.
a person, group, or government whose actions are rząd Puppet governments were popular in South
puppet 3
prompted and controlled by others. marionetkowy America at the beginning of the 20th century.
His diplomatic immunity gave him virtual
carte blanche Complete freedom to do what you want. 3
carte blanche to go where he wanted.
Before I can agree to lending you the money
to get down to we need to get down to the nitty gritty and
The basic and practical facts of an activity or subject. 3
the nitty gritty work out how much you really need to
borrow.
to be to be on the electoral roll; be given the right to vote in mieć prawo
Poles are enfranchised at the age of 18. 3
enfranchised ections. wyborcze
The government broke off relations with the
malevolent wrogi
harmful tyrany. new regime, citing that there was no place in 3
despotism despotyzm
the modern world for malevolent despotism.
The suffragette movement started in America
suffragette a woman advocating female suffrage, i.e. the right to vote. sufrażystka 3
and Britain in the early 20th century.
When one of their soldiers was killed, the
retaliation a counter strike, reciprocation, retribution. odwet 3
occupation army retaliated by killing hostages.
Irish nationalists fight for their country's
devotion and loyalty to one's own nation, esp. excessive
nationalists nacjonaliści independence and recognition. Some say 3
patriotism chauvinism.
nationalism is the scourge of Europe.
a military court of officers appointed to try people for
court martial sąd wojenny As a deserter, he faced a court martial. 3
offences against military law.
a formal declaration of support an expression of approval, It's quite probable there will be a vote of
a vote of wotum
agreement, or judgment, esp. of an authority in a position confidence concerning the future Minister of 3
confidence zaufania
of powerful leadership. Justice.
an infectious disease of cattle, sheep, and other mammals
anthrax wąglik Anthrax is a means of biological warfare. 3
caused by a bacterium.
Anthrax results in dark boils that erupt on the skin of
anthrax 3
infected humans.
a person who makes comments or judgments in an The pundit wrote a daily newspaper column
pundit 3
authoritative manner. on current affairs.
Though steps have been taken to abolish graft
the acquisition of money or advantage by dishonest or
in the city government, the new administration
graft unfair means, esp. through the abuse of one's position or 3
will have its work cut out to weed out the
influence, as in politics.
rampant corruption seen in recent years.
a social system which gives the highest positions to those Some claim that meritocracy is the most
meritocracy mertokracja 3
with the most ability. desired social system.
The end of World War II inaugurated the era
of nuclear power. The city inaugurated the
to make a formal beginning of initiate; commence; begin.
inauguration cleanair campaign with a bicycle parade. The 3
Also: to induct into office with formal ceremonies; install.
United States inaugurates its President in
January.
Apportionment determines the number of
apportionmen members of the U.S. House of Representatives
the distribution of members of a legislative body. 3
t according to the proportion of the population
of each state to the total population of the US.
strona 63
to wage war wydać wojnę Martin Luther King waged war against racism
to declare and carry on a war, battle, argument, etc. 3
on/against sth przeciwko in America.
One of the reasons for the KGB's success as an
perfidious Disloyal and untrustworthy treacherous. intelligence service was that it was able to 3
appeal to the perfidious side of human nature.
The IRA seems to be taking some steps
a vexed A complicated problem that has caused a lot of arguments
towards resolving the vexed question of 3
question/issue and is difficult to solve.
decommissioning.
It's not difficult to dirty up someone's
to dirty up To give a bad impression of sb. 3
reputation.
(both n. and v.) a group of persons who try to influence
legislators or other public officials to vote or act in favor The mothers' group has been lobbying for gun
lobby 3
of a special interest. Also: to urge or procure the passage controls for years.
of (legislation) by lobbying.
(Abbr.: ERA) a proposed amendment to the U.S.
equal rights
Constitution prohibiting discrimination on the basis of She has always been a pro-ERA lobbyist. 3
amendment
sex.
a sudden assault or attack, as upon something to be seized
or suppressed: e.g. a police raid on a narcotics ring; a In AD 844, the Normans began raids on the
raid atak, nalot 3
sudden attack on an enemy, as by air or by a small land Spanish coast.
force.
a person whose occupation is the taking of public-opinion
pollster You can't always believe the pollsters. 3
polls.
the doctrine or practice of vigorous action or involvement Legitimate anti-globalization activism has
activism as a means of achieving political or other goals, as by been undermined by the presence of 3
demonstrations, protests, etc. anarchists.
a meeting of the members of a political party or special
The delegates held a caucus before the
caucus interest group to select candidates or convention 3
convention to elect a chairman.
delegates, determine policy.
the circumstance of a public officeholder, corporate
conflict of The judge was admonished by the high court
officer, etc., whose personal interests might benefit from 3
interest for possible conflict of interest
his or her official actions or influence.
elektorat,
a body of constituents; the voters or residents in a district I must protest the waste treatment plant the
constituency okręg 3
represented by an elective officer, or the district itself. government plans to build in my constituency.
wyborczy
a council advising a sovereign or a chief executive; the The secretary of state is an important member
cabinet 3
group who manage a government. of the federal cabinet.
of or pertaining to the public treasury or revenues: fiscal The job as treasurer entails fiscal
fiscal 3
policies; or financial matters in general. responsibility.
The imbroglio over what to do with
A difficult, embarrassing or confusing situation -
imbroglio Afghanistan is still top of Mr. Blair's 3
especially in the field of politics.
priorities.
frekwencja na Voter turnout in Poland this year was very
voter turnout the number of people who go to vote. 3
głosowaniu low, with very few people going to the polls
w
Gerald's illness was incipient, so there was lots
incipient beginning, in early stage. początkowym 3
of hope for a recuperation.
stadium
incipient ONEROUS 3
Most soldiers probably consider it an onerous
incipient burdensome, unpleasant. uciążliwy duty to have to kill their enemy, but often it is 3
a case of kill or be killed.
szybko albo: You look very snappy today - why are you so
snappy brisk, or neat and elegant. 3
dobrze ubrany well dressed up?
Scatter about, sow in various places (esp. fig. Of rozpowszechni The Taleban in Afghanistan recently accused
disseminating 3
doctrines, sedition, disease, etc). anie several Christians of disseminating
When the prime minister declared he wouldn't
involve himself in any argy-bargy with the
popular, catchy and pleasant sounding words that in fact
Argentineans it all sounded very nice, but
soundbite convey very little substance, often used with reference to 3
what did he really mean it was pure sound
political speeches.
bite, the sort of thing the public wanted to
hear!
2o The sergeant was informed that his actions
downgraded lowered in rank, etc. 3
pogarszającej were irresponsible and that he was going to be

strona 64
się jakości
downgraded to the rank of corporal. (2) The
quality of McDougal's flour has definitely
been downgraded recently, don't you think?
The electorate of Poland has once again
electorate body of electors, those entitled to vote. elektorat 3
decided to choose a communist government.
Continuous changes and problems which affect someone's He would often sit and reflect on the
vicissitudes 3
life ups and downs. vicissitudes of his life.
David Shayler, the MI5 whistle-blower, is
whistleblower Sb who makes secret information public. taking his case to the European Court of 3
Human Rights.
I wish you'd stop politicizing about Gerald's
politicising give political character to. upolityczniać birthday being a great moment for the state 3
and just give him your best wishes
I think Anna's saying about Gerald's birthday
being a great moment for the state was rather
politic sagacious, prudent, judicious, expedient. rozważnie 3
politic considering her own forthcoming
candidacy to be elected to Gerald's party!
When the prime minister announced that he
was increasing pensions, some people accused
agitacja
electioneering the busying of oneself in elections, trying to get elected. him of already indulging in electioneering and 3
wyborcza
not really being concerned about the plight of
the elderly!
Either weak or unclear ideas or a person whose ideas are The problem with the Liberal Democrats is
wishywashy 3
thus. that their policies are so wishy-washy.
Some people say that the new committee set
up to study government inefficiency will not
quango a QUAsi- Non-Governmental Organization. really find anything wrong as it is just a 3
quango and not really separate from the
government!
body of voters who elect a representative, area so okręg Most of the people in my constituency vote
constituency 3
represented. wyborczy Tory, but I never will!
tajne The union members were asked to vote in a
ballot secret voting, or (verb) process of voting in such a way. 3
głosowanie ballot for a new leader.
The prime minister hoped that the increase in
równoważenie, overall taxes would be offset for pensioners by
offset counterbalance, compensating point. 3
kompensacja an increase in their pensions so that they at
least didn't suffer.
Many people accuse the government of being
utrwalony,
entrenched well defended, or set/fixed position. entrenched in their taxation policy, refusing to 3
zakorzeniony
listen to common sense!
The most irritating thing about politicians is
Behaving in an annoying manner as if morally better than
sanctimonious their sanctimonious preaching about family 3
others
values.
The government having finally decided to cut
to follow suit to do the same as (sb else). taxes, the opposition has decided to follow suit 3
and make it one of their policies as well.
Einstein's theory of relativity is very complex
a dumbing
making sth as simplistic as possible. and needs dumbing down a little if the 3
down of sth
ordinary public is to understand it.
Some accuse the Labor party of having lots of
spin doctors political speech makers, practiced in the art of oratory. spin doctors, practiced in the art of making 3
clever sounding speeches.
I think the Conservative party often panders to
to pander to to minister to (often base passion or evil designs). 3
the baser desires of the public.
In the last two elections, though particularly
a landslide
an outright/vast majority, . the last one, the Labor party has achieved a 3
majority
landslide majority.
system by which the first party to get a majority of votes,
first past the
no matter how many, in whatever constituency, wins that 3
post system
constituency and has its m.p. represent that area
the opposite to proportional representation - where the
first past the
number of votes each candidate receives may determine 3
post system
how politicians each party gets into parliament...

strona 65
The lowering of taxes is a subject which the
present treasurer seems to treat as his own
hobbyhorse topic to which one often recurs, is obsessed by. 3
personal hobbyhorse, almost ignoring all other
aspects of the economy.
Listen, sunshine, lets have less horse trading
horse trading the pragmatic trading of favors... and more principled actions based on loyalty, 3
okay?
It's no use trying to curry favor with me by
to curry
to seek sb's approval in a, usually, sycophantic way. offering to do the dishes, you can't go out and 3
favour with
that is that!
What will be the main plank in your party's
the ideas and aims of a political party especially as platforma
platform platform? This party came to power on a 3
expressed before an election, wyborcza
platform of economic reform.
When someone votes on members of only one
ballot a sheet of paper used to make a secret vote, głos 3
party it is called a straight ballot.
to check sb's past activities to make sure that they are
vet lustrować All politicians should be well vetted. 3
suitable for a (esp. governmental) job,
group of ministers or secretaries who directly meet with prezydium Bush tried to make his cabinet as multi-
cabinet 3
the president or prime minister, rządu cultural as possible to make democrats happy.
centrist having nonextreme political views, centrowy He was a centrist politician. 3
coup sudden violent change of government, zamach stanu Colombia has a coup every 2 months. 3
vote of wotum
formal vote showing how much a party supports its leader, Kwasniewski won a vote of confidence. 3
confidence nieufności
audit bureau institution that makes official examinations of tax issues, izba kontroli The IRS is the major audit bureau in the US. 3
officially send someone back to their own country to stand
extradite ekstradować He was extradited back to Uruguay. 3
trial,
przekazanie Northern Ireland is in the middle of a
devolution transfer of power from central to local government, 3
władzy devolution process.
Are you on the electoral roll for
electoral roll list of voters in an area, lista wyborcza 3
Wielkopolska?
To show dislike or disapproval for something you believe
to pour scorn The journalist Jeremy Paxman often pours
to be stupid, unreasonable, oldfashioned or not as good as 3
on sthg scorn on what politicians say.
something else.
organized group within a larger group, who may disagree The rival factions couldn't agree on anything,
faction frakcja 3
with the rest on some issues, so the party dissolved.
Reactionary politicians are trying to wreck the
reactionary not revolutionary, preferring things as they are, reakcyjny 3
social reform.
The labor party and the Tories had a bit of a
skirmish short argument, sprzeczka 3
skirmish.
cant insincere talk, esp. hypocritical, hipokryzja I can't stand listening to that preacher's cant. 3
We have no intention of deposing any
to depose To remove a king, queen or ruler from power 3
democratically elected government or leader.
a belief, statement, etc which disagrees with what a group In Britain during the 1980s it was economic
heresy 3
of people believe to be right. heresy to challenge monetarist theory.
the belief that no political or social institutions have any If anything is holding Poland back it is the
nihilistic 3
meaning or value. unhealthy, nihilistic attitude of the public.
Relationships
Various attractants are put into perfumes and
attractant substance designed to attract sb or sth. wabik 3
aftershaves to "attract" the
attractant opposite sex! 3
Our study is the first to show the putative
przypuszczaln
putative reputed, supposed. effect of pheromones on the human brain, said 3
y
Dr Jones.
określenie Although relating to one's sense of smell, one's
odnoszące się olfactory sense is also very important when it
olfactory relating to the sense of smell. 3
do zmysłu comes to tasting food which is tasteless
węchu without it.
I think our competitor's offer of a free pen
gimmick tricky device, esp. to attract attention or publicity. sztuczka 3
with every contract signed is just a gimmick.
You mean, they are just trying to entice people
to entice to lure, persuade by offer of pleasure, etc! zwabić 3
into their shops with a cheap trick?
bonkers crazy! szalony If you think I'm going to climb to the top of 3
strona 66
that tree to rescue your cat, you must be
bonkers!
wywołać , The fire in the factory triggered an enormous
to trigger sth to cause to happen. 3
sprowokować explosion
ochota, Women who are pregnant often have cravings
cravings strong desires. 3
pragnienie for unusual foods.
Many people who are overweight try to shed
to shed weight to lose weight. tracić wagę 3
weight by going on crash diets.
I think you've used too much paprika in this
pungent biting, caustic, esp. affecting organs of smell or taste. ostry, gryzący 3
goulash - it's a bit pungent
After the president admitted his son was
having an affair with a married woman there
whiff puff of air or smoke or odor or (fig.) scandal. zapach was definitely a whiff of scandal in the air 3
whenever family morals were thereafter
mentioned.
zachęta do The government's tax cuts were intended to
to gee up to encourage to go faster. przyspieszenia gee up the public's spending and help the 3
kogoś, czegoś economy recover.
The management tried to induce greater
to induce to bring about, to cause to happen. nakłaniać loyalty in their staff by offering them a huge 3
pay rise
The smell coming from the drains was quite
malodorous evil smelling. cuchnący 3
malodorous - they definitely needed cleaning!
The smell from the sewers was rather noisome
noisome noxious, disgusting esp. to smell. cuchnący 3
also.
zapach ciała Nobody wanted to tell Gerald that he had a
b.o. body odor. 3
/potu problem with b.o.!
fragrant, having strong smell, strongly suggestive or przywodzący The smell of the perfume was redolent of
redolent 3
reminiscent of. na myśl poppies on a summer day.
to raise a to complain loudly, normally in the hope that sb will pay There's no need to raise such a stink about the
stink about attention to what you're saying and do sth to improve window my son broke - I will pay for it, I 3
sth matters. (Colloquial) promise!
It's a good job you didn't leave early too as
to come up you were intending to do, otherwise the boss
smelling of to escape from a bad situation, often in a fortuitous way. might have sacked you as well - instead of 3
roses which he's now giving you a pay rise! Do you
always come up smelling of roses?
When the boss offered him a ten per cent pay
to turn one's rise, he turned his nose up at it, saying that he
to show that you consider sth is not good enough for you. 3
nose up at sth thought his invention was worth at least a
share in the ownership of the company!
to get up sb's
to irritate sb! I don't like Matthew, he gets right up my nose 3
nose
I think the enemy has laid a trap for us - I
to smell a rat to be suspicious, suspect sth is wrong. 3
smell a rat!
Alan has a very laid back attitude towards his
laid back relaxed, with an easygoing manner (see below). lekkoduszny 3
work and doesn't take it too seriously.
happygo- Brian has a happy-go-lucky personality -
taking things cheerfully, as they happen. niefrasobliwy 3
lucky nothing seems to bother him.
spokojny, I think, ultimately, strict teachers are better
easygoing not strict, taking things as they are. 3
opanowany than easygoing ones.
Robert is a carefree sort of person and never
carefree free from anxiety or responsibility. opanowany 3
worries about anything.
John is very careless - he's always knocking
careless thoughtless, negligent. beztroski 3
things over.
You seem rather uptight today -what's
uptight tense, nervous. spięty 3
worrying you?
będący
Worrying too much can be ulcerative - you
przyczyną
ulcerative causing ulcers. may have to see a doctor to get your ulcers 3
wystąpienia
treated.
wrzodów
osoba Workaholics are often control freaks - they
control freak sb with an obsessive desire/need to be in control. 3
opanowana must be in charge of everything.
strona 67
chęcią
rządzenia
After their long march, the troops were feeling
weary tired. znużony 3
rather weary.
When playing at high altitudes, teams need
zaaklimatyzow
acclimatised habituated to new climate or situations. time to become acclimatized to the different 3
any
conditions.
Most employers prefer diligent workers to
diligent industrious, hard working. pilny 3
lazy ones!
Sorry, I wasn't conscious of the fact that that
świadomy,
conscious knowing, aware, awake. was your cup of tea - can I make you another 3
przytomny
one?
Being a conscientious person and despite
Robert's acceptance of his apology, Gerald
conscientious scrupulous, obedient to conscience. sumienny 3
still felt pangs of conscience about drinking
Robert's tea
to lay prostrate (e.g. on the sofa), or simply to fall rapidly After a busy day at work there's nothing I like
slumped opaść 3
(usually, financially, in value). more than to lay slumped on the sofa!
Alien beings living on the moon - what a
wacky crazy. szalony 3
wacky idea!
być
This vocabulary list is geared to increasing
geared to suited for the purpose of/specially designed for. nastawionym 3
your range of vocabulary.
na coś
I think Jane's sulking after our argument -
to sulk to be silent, inactive, unsociable - esp. after an argument. dąsać się 3
she's stopped talking to me.
a doddle easy. łatwizna This test is a doddle - everyone should pass it. 3
The giraffe lolloped its way over to the tree
lollop to move in a lounging/ungainly way. 3
opposite.
mało I think Gerald's excuse for being late is a little
unlikely, unrealistic, unbelievable (usually relating to a
farfetched prawdopodobn far-fetched - I don't believe a spaceship landed 3
story or idea).
y in his back garden at all!
Don't worry - there's no need to be
disconcerted worried. zaniepokojony disconcerted - Gerald has now been put on 3
medication!
The clever use of reasons or explanations that seem A cynic would argue that what the government
sophistry 3
correct but are really false, in order to deceive people. says is pure sophistry.
It was because of his steadfast loyalty that he
steadfast Very faithful 3
was offered a knighthood.
Our therapy is specially designed to help
stressed out in a state of being heavily stressed. zestresowany 3
stressed out businessmen relax.
I wish you'd stop hollering at me - I'm not
hollering shouting. wrzeszczeć 3
deaf!
Wanting more and more of something not being able to It seems to be a common truth that people
insatiable 3
get enough to satisfy one's needs. have an insatiable appetite for gossip.
to poohpooh He pooh-poohed the idea of giving money to
To dismiss sth 3
sth the poor
to swallow sth
The public swallowed the con man's story
hook, line and to be utterly duped into believing sth untrue. 3
hook, line and sinker.
sinker
to be
I don't think Gerald was lying - just being
economical to not tell the whole truth/to be sparing with the truth. 3
economical with the truth!
with the truth
to lay it on Talk about laying it on thick with a trowel -
thick with a to grossly exaggerate sth. I've never heard anyone exaggerate so much 3
trowel before!
I think Gerald's story about his grandmother
a shaggy dog
an unlikely tale! living to a hundred and forty is a bit of a 3
story
shaggy dog story.
I must admit I too was taken in by the con
to be taken in
to be duped into believing sb who is lying or joking. man's story - but I won't be fooled so easily 3
by sb
again.
Gerald is such a perfectionist - he cavils at
to cavil to take exception, carp, find fault. 3
everything.
strona 68
The con man tried to dupe me into buying sth,
to dupe sb to cheat, make a fool of sb. 3
but I wasn't going to be cheated.
to own up, confess (usually to a crime or other Okay, I admit it - I broke the vase. Now I've
to come clean 3
misdemeanor). come clean, will you forgive me?
Hey, stop prevaricating and get on with telling
to prevaricate speak or act evasively or misleadingly. 3
the truth.
Magda is very au fait with the works of
au fait Being familiar with something 3
Wordsworth.
to scrimp and To try and save as much money as possible even though We had to really scrimp and save to pay for
3
save you don't have very much. our daughter's birthday present.
foible A strange or silly feature of one's character. We all have our little foibles. 3
When I asked about his marriage he became
shirty Badtempered, angry and rude. 3
very shirty
His argument was wooly to say the least.
wooly Not showing clear thinking hence wooly-minded Professor Jones is such a woolyminded old 3
fool.
Sunday afternoons in front of the TV can be
soporific Sleep inducing. 3
quite soporific.
Peter told Paul to stay by the bar because he
to cramp sb's To prevent sb from doing something they want to do by
didn't want him cramping his style on the 3
style going with them when they do not want you to.
dance floor.
Somehow he managed to procure us an
procure To obtain something. 3
invitation to the ambassador's party.
She used her body to ensnare him into a
to ensnare To force or trick sb into doing sth they don't want to do. loveless marriage so that she could have all his 3
money.
The tabloid press love to print stories about
glitterati Rich, famous and fashionable people. 3
the glitterati.
His argument with his boss precipitated his
precipitate To make something happen before it should. 3
early retirement.
One day Susan's coquettish behavior is going
coquettish Flirtatious 3
to get her into trouble.
She didn't tell her parents she was up the duff
up the duff Pregnant 3
in case they got angry.
We were supposed to go to Frank's tonight and
If something is broken or can't be used anymore it is up
up the spout watch some videos but his TV has broken so 3
the spout.
our plans are completely up the spout.
elan A style that is full of energy and determination. His lecture was performed with great élan. 3
Have you got the thingamajig for opening the
thingamajig/t Used when you don't know or can't remember the name of
wine? Is thingy coming to the party you know, 3
hingy the person or thing you want to mention.
the girl with the red hair?
I really admire Monika's dogged approach to
dogged Determined. 3
her work.
He once had a dalliance with the waitress in
dalliance To have a short, nonserious romantic relationship. 3
Harry's Bar.
to be in the Don't know if there's any truth to this rumor
to be pregnant. być w ciąży 3
family way but it seems Suzy may be in the family way.
być Tom Jones was born out of wedlock. Thanks
to be born out a 'bastard' child born to an unmarried mother is said to
nieślubnym to welfare, half of all Scandinavian babies are 3
of wedlock have been born out of wedlock,
dzieckiem now born out of wedlock.
a person one has had a romantic relationship with in the była dawna I bumped into an old flame of yours in
old flame 3
past. sympatia Warsaw last Saturday.
After Dziadek's death, the authorities tried to
deny Babcia's pension since their marriage
a woman who is not legally a wife but cohabits with a
took place during German occupation and had
concubine man and has a recognized position in his household albeit konkubina 3
somehow never been certified by Polish
usu. of lower social status).
officials. If you can believe it, they even had
the nerve to suggest she'd been
prince the ideal man; a woman's knight in shining armor, i.e. Mr. How much time have you wasted sitting by
książę z bajki 3
charming Right. the phone waiting for Prince Charming to call?
an advice columnist (such as Dear Abby or Ann Landers) Some people say if you have got personal
agony aunt napisz do Kasi 3
replying to letters about people's personal problems. problems you should write to an agony aunt.
next of kin the closest family and relatives. najbliższa We'll have to notify the next of kin of his 3
strona 69
rodzina death.
a woman who spends a lot of time apart from her husband, słomiana Now that Steve spends the work week in
grass widow 3
often because he is working in another place. wdowa Boston his wife has become a grass widow.
unrequited romantic love one feels for another yet enjoys no nieodwzajemni His unrequited love compelled him to scribble
3
love reciprocation. ona miłość reams of rather gushy poetry.
to keep up continue to behave as though you are happy, have plenty utrzymywać They only stayed together in order to keep up
3
appearances of money, etc. even you no longer have or are. pozory appearances of being a happy family.
Robert's so much older and has so much more
a wealthy older man who is generous to a younger woman podtatusiały money than his latest girlfriend that some
sugar daddy 3
(usu. in return for carnal knowledge). lowelas people are starting to say he is her sugar
daddy.
nearest and najbliższa The wedding was an intimate affair; only their
one's closest family and relatives. 3
dearest rodzina nearest and dearest were invited.
can be used euphemistically with ref. to a sexual romans,
His wife left him after she found out about his
liaison relationship between a man and a woman who are not stosunek 3
liaison.
married to each other. miłosny
a man who is henpecked is always being told what to do
henpecked Those who weren't laughing at him pitied him
by his nagging, shrewish wife and is afraid to disagree pantoflarz 3
husband for being such a henpecked husband.
with her.
yonks A long period of time It's been yonks since I last saw him. 3
This might seem like I'm nit picking but in the
future could you please hand your papers in
to nit pick Annoying habit of arguing about unimportant details. 3
with the paperclips in the top right-hand
corner and not the top left. Thank you.
Everyone agreed that the cake Sarah had
yucky Unpleasant baked was delicious, except for Mark who 3
thought it was yucky.
Everyone agreed that the cake Sarah had
yummy Delicious 3
baked was yummy.
France is a country whose people are imbued
imbue To make someone feel an emotion very strongly. 3
with a deep sense of national identity.
At first the new teachers felt lost and confused
A situation where everyone feels happy and there aren't
hunkydory but after a couple of weeks everything was 3
any problems.
hunky dory.
Using rude words or movements that make you think of They were all rather surprised by the
lewd 3
sex. Professor's lewd after-dinner speech.
We must not belittle the work of synchronic
to belittle To make something or someone seem unimportant. 3
analysis.
Advice about how to do something which is often Whenever I visit my grandmother she gives
homily 3
unwanted. me a homily about cooking.
Even though they had an early start in the
nightcap An alcoholic drink you have before going to bed. morning, Jim and John decided to have a 3
quick nightcap.
My girlfriend berated me for staying out so
to berate To tell someone off 3
late.
Whenever I get drunk I feel inclined towards a
rumpy pumpy Humorous expression for sex. 3
spot of rumpy pumpy.
Although we all deny it we all enjoy the
salacious Expressing too much sexual detail about something. 3
salacious gossip connected with celebrities.
błyskawiczne
a shotgun marriage vows exchanged under duress as a result of an małżeństwo / Radek and Ula had a shotgun wedding in May
3
wedding unplanned pregnancy. ślub z and little Bartek was born in September.
konieczności
to place nadszarpywać ,
strains on nadwyrężać Today's mobile society places strains on
to put marital faithfulness in jeopardy. 3
marital małżeńską marital fidelity.
fidelity wierność
a young man in a Biblical parable who leaves home and
syn I've always been the black sheep in the family.
prodigal son squanders his time and money but then feels sorry and 3
marnotrawny You know, the typical prodigal son type thing.
returns home to be feted despite his wastefulness.
a large formal party to celebrate an event or to welcome przyjęcie np. There must have been over 150 guests at their
a reception 3
someone. weselne wedding reception.
the apple of the person sb loves most and is very proud of. oczko w Betty has always been the apple of her daddy's 3
strona 70
sb's eye głowie eye.
to be tied to trzymac się
He seemed to be independent but it turned out
one's mother's to be totally dependent on one's parents. maminej 3
that he was tied to his mother's apron strings.
apron strings spódnicy
to lose one's zakochać się w He took one look at her and lost his heart. She
(TO) to fall in love with. 3
heart kimś lost her heart to a soldier.
brothers in soldiers serving together (usu. in war, and esp. allies from towarzysze The dedicated in his memoirs read: "To my
3
arms different nations). broni brothers in arms."
sth of the utmost importance because everything else podwalina np. Trust and commitment are the cornerstones of
cornerstone 3
depends on it. małżeństwa any marriage.
to have the
ogromna I didn't sleep a wink last night. Our neighbors
mother of all to argue severely, i.e. loudly and long. 3
kłótnia were having the mother of all arguments.
arguments
młodzi The outlook for newlyweds in the 1990s was
newlyweds a man and woman who have recently been married. 3
małżonkowie bleaker than ever.
We're throwing a bridal shower for Sherri on
a party at which presents are given to a woman who is wieczór
shower Friday. At the baby shower Maxine got tons of 3
about to get married or have a baby. panieński
gifts... and tons of advice, too.
wspólne Compatible cohabitation is no guarantee of a
cohabitation living with another person as though you were married. 3
mieszkanie successful marriage.
brać pigułki
to be on the She claims she's only on the pill to regulate
to be taking contraceptive pills. antykoncepcyj 3
pill her period, but if you ask me...
ne
zaangażowanie
Jim's afraid of emotional commitments. ...a
commitment a promise to do sth or to behave in a particular way. , przywiązanie 3
commitment to equal pay and opportunities.
w związku
seductive sexually attractive... uwodzicielski She had a low, seductive voice. 3
wyzwalający
emotive of or tending to excite emotion. . Abortion has always been an emotive issue 3
emocje
Here, what are you two up to? We won't have
hankypanky (often sexual) misbehavior! any hanky-panky in here if you don't mind this 3
is a public place!
Married people who are adulterous in some
adulterous (guilty) of adultery. cudzołożnik Islamic countries may face being stoned to 3
death.
dot. żywności
zatrutej
adulterated polluted, esp. relating to food. środkami 3
takimi jak
pestycydy, itp.
Many of the farmer's apples had to be thrown away as
adulterated 3
they had been adulterated by the pesticides he had used.
Although guilty of the most horrendous crime,
impassioned deeply moved, ardent. poruszający the defendant made an impassioned plea for 3
clemency.
Many a married man has fallen prey to some
femme fatale dangerously attractive woman. 3
femme fatale or another.
Sheila expressed the view that Jim was drop
drop dead
-very attractive (man)! dead gorgeous she had never seen anyone so 3
gorgeous
attractive before!
I think Anna has a very shapely figure, don't
shapely well formed or proportioned. kształtny 3
you?
Yes, I think Anna is very dishy she should
dishy very attractive. pięknotka 3
enter a beauty contest
The cream cake on the table looked very
alluring enticing, tempting. ponętny alluring, but Anna decided she must resist the 3
temptation to eat it!
The teacher became annoyed with the pupil
histrionic Dramatic behavior. who insisted on blowing her nose in such a 3
histrionic manner.
She issued a torrent of invective towards the
Rude and insulting words that people use when they are
invective policeman after being arrested for 3
angry
drunkenness.
strona 71
Despite her good looks, we all agreed that her
insipid Not interesting, exciting or attractive. 3
personality was rather insipid.
cheeky
A cheeky person. Ooh, you're such a cheeky monkey. 3
monkey
His dancing on the table during the meal was
outlandish Outrageous 3
fairly outlandish.
At times, quirky behavior can be quite
quirky Strange or peculiar. 3
endearing.
The proverbial girl next door is traditionally
dowdy Plain and boring uninteresting. 3
dowdy in appearance.
girl or woman, esp. disreputable one! Lady of the night - o kobiecie ze Sheila? You're not bringing that floozy in here
floozy 3
euphemism for a prostitute! złą reputacją - she has been divorced three times!
I wonder if Gerald realizes that that girl he's speaking to is
floozy a lady of the night and that she might charge him for her 3
company?
streetwalker prostitute. 3
call girl prostitute. 3
There are so many men going in out of next
burdel, dom
knocking shop brothel. door all night that I'm beginning to wonder if 3
publiczny
it isn't a knocking shop?
być
I don't think there's any excuse for women
zaangażowany
on the game acting as a prostitute, involved in prostitution. going on the game as a way of making money! 3
mw
What do you think?
prostytucję
kapryśny, Sheila never went out very long with anyone -
fickle inconstant, changeable. 3
zmienny she was always rather fickle
The perfidious nature of Sheila meant she was
perfidious unfaithful. niewierny 3
married six times!
niezawodny,
tried and true reliable, faithful, trustworthy. You can rely on Bob he's tried and true 3
wiarygodny
You mean, Bob's a dependable sort of person
dependable capable of being relied on. niezawodny 3
the type you can rely on?
Indeed, Bob has two children who are
dependant one who depends on another for support. zależny 3
dependant on him for support.
Okay, if you'd just like to disrobe behind that
disrobe to undress. rozebrać się screen the doctor will examine you in a 3
moment!
Many hillsides in this region become
ogołocić,
denude to make nude or bare. completely denuded once the biggest trees are 3
rozebrać
removed.
zwodzić, You're deluding yourself if you think I'm
delude fool, deceive. wprowadzać w going to loan you a small fortune to waste on 3
błąd gambling!
The suffragettes were probably considered
women of doubtful repute in society; group behaving with
demimonde o złej reputacji something of a demi-monde when they first 3
doubtful legality.
appeared in British society.
krewni i My mother likes to invite our kith and kin
kith and kin family and friends. 3
znajomi every second day.
a relationship that is considered to be a marriage, because Mother has not accepted her daughter living in
common law związek
the man and the woman have lived together for a long common law marriage and decided not to visit 3
marriage nieślubny
time. her anymore.
deliberately staying away from or not talking to other No-one really knew much about Karen
aloof 3
people. because she was always so aloof.
feisty lively behavior Younghorses tend to be rather feisty. 3
Jasper wasn't particularly well-liked because
offish Behavior which is unfriendly 3
of his offish manner.
Don't you just love Tom Cruise? He's such a
a hunk An attractive, wellbuilt sexy man. 3
hunk.
Don't you just love Emmanuelle Beart? She's
totty An attractive, sexy girl 3
such totty.
an act of being unfathful to your spouse by having sex
infidelity niewierność Ann suspected her husband of infidelity. 3
with somebody else.
incompatibiltywhen two people have completely different characters so niezgodność- God knows why they ever got married. They 3
strona 72
that it is difficult for them to have a good relationship. charakterów are totally incompatible.
to be head być
My friend is obviously head over heels in love
over heels in to love someone very much. zakochanym 3
with Paul.
love po uszy
to have a sexual relationship with someone that is not zabawić się z
to play aroud 3
serious or not intended to last very long. kimś
Her husband accused her of playing around with other
to play aroud 3
men.
to have a
an uncontrollable feeling or love for sb. Epecially sb. mieć chętkę na My friend told me in secret that she has a
crush on 3
young for someone older. kogoś crash on our new Russian teacher.
somebody
Marek's new girlfriend is an odious little
odious Extremely unpleasant. 3
creature.
to feel blue sad and without hope; depressed. mieć chandrę That song always makes me feel blue. 3
She wears
trousers in
to wear their family
to be the person in the family who makes the decisions. 3
trousers since the first
day of their
marriage.
property or money that a woman gives to her husband In some societies dowry is still an important
dowry posag 3
when they marry. issue in getting married.
(alimenty) money that someone pays regularly to their Her former husband denied having to pay
child support 3
former spouse in order to support their children. child support for his son.
wanting someone to have feelings of love or friendship Men are very protective and sometimes
possessive zaborczy 3
only for you. possessive towards their daughters.
His impetuous
personaliy was
tending to do things very quickly, without thinking
impetuous one of he 3
carefully first.
reasons of their
divorce.
After twenty-five years of living together Jane
and her common-law husband decided to get
commonlaw a man who has been living with a woman for a long time
konkubent married. Her mother has never accepted the 3
husband but who is not married to her,
fact that she lives with her commonlaw
husband without a formal marriage ceremony.
Gossiping used to be considered a female
male/female
An activity suitable or particular to either men or women. preserve but today men are much more likely 3
preserve
to do it.
humorous expression to describe areas where there are
Ibiza is such a beautiful island but it has been
fleshpot many places that people go to for pleasure, especially 3
turned into a real fleshpot.
sexual pleasure.
She has always dreamt of joining one of the
sororities at her university but she's never done
a club of women students usually living in the same bractwo dla
sorority it. The stereotype of a sorority sister is an 3
house, kobiet
attractive young woman who is not very
intelligent.
a state of strong dislike and violence which continues over wojna np. This bitter feud over territory began some
feud some time as a result of a quarrel, usually between two miedzy thirty years ago. The two tribes are feuding 3
people, families, etc. rodzinami with each other over land.
najbliższa The nuclear family only comprises parents and
nuclear family closest family members; father, mother, children, 3
rodzina children.
extended We're having an extended family reunion next
family unit including in-laws and grandparents, cała rodzina 3
family week.
to twotime to have an affair outside marriage (coll.), zdradzać He'd been two timing his wife for years. 3
traktować
Don't patronize me! I know the chicken was
patronize to condescend towards sb, protekcjonalni 3
burnt!
e
patrzeć z
frown on disapprove of something, He frowns on everything she does. 3
dezaprobatą
look up to respect, admire, podziwiać 3
look up to I always looked up to my brother. 3
contentious fond of arguing, kłótliwy I can't stand contentious people. You can't 3
strona 73
convince them of anything.
fidelity faithfulness, loyalty, wierność I've never doubted her fidelity. 3
lecherous desiring constant sexual pleasure, lubieżny My father is a lecherous old man! 3
bezproblemow
hassle free not annoying, without difficulties, We all wish for a hassle free life. 3
y, bezstresowy
be towed być czymś I don't want to be towed down with a
burdened, bothered, 3
down obciążonym mortgage and car payments.
Until I was 13 my mother's only job was
parenting state of being a parent, wychowanie 3
parenting.
When it comes to producing new perfumes
to synthesize to artificially produce sth. zsyntezować some flowers are more difficult to synthesize 3
than others
Many flowers are impregnated by bees
impregnated fertilized. zapłodniony 3
carrying pollen from one plant to the other
A waft of the blossom on the trees drifted
waft to convey smoothly (as) through air or along water. unosić się 3
through the room, much to my delight.
Bill payments and loans repayments can be
a machine which carries out banking transaction
atm bankomat made through an ATM. I'm broke. We'll have 3
automatically.
to swing by the ATM to pick up some cash.
From an internet user's point-of-view,
transmission from one, usu. smaller computer to another
upload uploading is sending a file to a computer that 3
computer.
is set up to receive it.
The term "modem" comes from
A communications driver that enables a computer to
modem "modulate/demodulate". Modems are needed 3
transmit information over a standard telephone line
to convert digital to analog and vice versa.
working with discrete electrical signals representing
digital 3
binary 1 and binary 0
carrying a signal that can have any of a large number of
analog 3
variations
Special programs may be required to read
format a particular way to store information on a computer. 3
certain formats.
internet organization that makes it possible for one to get onto the There is a wide range of Internet service
portal 3
provider internet, providers.
Dude! Check out the graphics in this game!
pertains to any computer device or program that makes a
Unreal or what? I skimped on my graphics
graphics computer capable of displaying and manipulating pictures, 3
card so I'm afraid streaming video comes in
or the images themselves.
freezeframe stutters.
A palm-top can serve as an address book,
phone book, calendar, dictionary, calculator,
a hand-held, portable microcomputer designed to be used
palmtop minikomputer etc. Is it the numerous functions of palmtops 3
on the go.
or their status-symbol value that makes them
so popular among business people?
komputerowe
Courseware designed to help people learn
courseware software specifically designed for educational use. programy do 3
foreign languages has become very popular.
nauki
Computer-Assisted Language Learning; responsive and
Some say CALL will eventually put English
corrective computer programs designed to help students of
call teachers in the unemployment line. Do you 3
a foreign language learn and improve integrated
buy that?
communication skills interactively.
Some e-books can be read on a device such as
an electronic book is a digital book that you can read on a a Palm or other handheld computer. The
an ebook 3
computer screen. prediction that ebooks will rid the world of
paper has yet to be fulfilled.
The term used by the digital world to describe books in While e-books are digital, p-books are the
a pbook 3
the print form. traditional, printed and bound type.
Web pages you request are stored in your
browser's cache directory on your hard disk.
a cache (pronounced CASH) is a place to store something When you return to a page you've recently
cache pamięć cache 3
more or less temporarily. looked at, the browser can get it from the
cache rather than the original server, saving
you time and the network the burden o

strona 74
Can I borrow a few of these CD-ROM
Compact Disk - Read Only Media; can contain vast
encyclopedias? We're hoping to put our new
a cdrom amounts of information (over 600Mb) accessible via a PC 3
dictionary out as a CDROM as well as a p-
providing it contains a CD-ROM Drive.
book.
Early speech synthesizers sounded pretty
a speech
a computerized approximation of human vocal patterns. freaky but these days they're really not too 3
sythesizer
shabby.
zawieszanie się Glitches are a common source of frustration
a glitch a technical error; system hold-up. 3
komputera for people working with computers.
(both n. And v.) a duplicate copy of a program, disk, or
data, made either for archiving purposes or for Thank God we made backups of all that data!
backup 3
safeguarding valuable files from loss should the active We'd be in real trouble otherwise!
copy be damaged or destroyed.
(both n. and v.) electronic mail; a quick and easy method I just got a really creepy e-mail from this guy I
of sending a short or long text message to friends and poczta met in Lisbon last summer. I'll email those
email 3
colleagues and a vehicle for file attachments such as elektroniczna figures to you later I don't have them on me
documents, photos, etc. right now.
(both n. and v.) the traditional, much slower but physical I'll FAX you a copy now, then snail-mail the
snail mail 3
sending of post. original; it should reach you by Wednesday.
Most of his CDs were pirate copies he had
to make a copy of data onto a recordable, blank compact burned himself at work. If you're interested in
to burn a cd 3
disc. any of these I can burn copies for you, no
problem
Printers, serial ports, and disk drives are often
device A generic term for a computer subsystem. referred to as devices. Subsystems frequently 3
require their own controlling software
A printer driver is a device driver that
A software component that permits a computer system to
device driver translates computer data into a form 3
communicate with a device.
understood by the intended printer.
This program still has a couple of bugs in it. I
bug an error in hardware or software. 3
think we've ironed out all the bugs.
for Portable Document Format; developed by Adobe
Many of the EU's "White Papers" can be
pdf Systems, PDF allows documents to appear on your 3
downloaded from the web as PDF files.
computer just as they would in print.
A camera that stores images digitally rather than recording
My brother won a digital camera in a raffle at
them on film. Once a picture has been taken, it can be
the company picnic. Some say digital cameras
digital camera downloaded to a computer system, manipulated with a 3
are all the rage but I still prefer good,
graphics program, and posted on the internet, e-mailed to
oldfashioned 35mm.
friends and relatives, or printed.
Programs are specific sets of ordered
An organized list of instructions that, when executed,
program operations for a computer to perform. Without 3
causes the computer to behave in a predetermined manner.
programs, computers are useless.
I was just putting the finishing touches on my
the sudden failure of a software application or operating research paper when my hard disk crashed!
crash 3
system or of a hardware device. Back up your work periodically. You never
know when the system might crash.
The length of time needed to download a file
depends on its size and the speed of your
The process of copying a file from the Internet onto your computer's modem (not to mention the
download 3
hard drive. capacity of local phone lines). Damn! This file
is taking forever and a day to download! I'm
ready to give up!
part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or
"hard disk drive," that stores and provides relatively quick Your home directory is on the IFA server, not
hard disk 3
access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically the local hard drive.
charged surface or set of surfaces.
application
Examples of applications include word
program, sth
processors, database programs, and web
designed to
browsers. Development tools, drawing, paint,
application short for help people 3
and image editing programs, and
perform a
communication programs are also examples of
certain type of
applications.
work.

strona 75
Due to high competition in computer
technology, manufacturers are becoming
bells and unnec. but attractive extras; features added to a system or
increasingly creative in inventing various bells 3
whistles program only to enhance a product's marketability.
and whistles to make their products more
attractive.
to start or "regenerate" each time you turn your computer
to boot up Something's not right. I'm going to re-boot. 3
on.
geniusz, If you don't understand geometry ask Mary,
specjalista w she's a whiz at math and I'm sure she will help
whiz a person who is extremely good at something, 3
danej you. My brother is a computer whiz, he knows
dziedzinie everything about it.
His shoddy research resulted in him failing his
shoddy Of poor quality. 3
PhD.
Hacking is illegal and you can get jailed for
to gain access to the contents of a computer's memory breaking into somebody's programs. Hackers
hack hakerstwo 3
without permission, need to be careful since they may be easily
caught while modifying a program.
komputerowo
Computer Aided Design: use of computers to design cars, This company was the first to use CAD
cad wspomagane 3
buildings, etc., programs to design aircraft.
projektowanie
a mineral containing a metal or some other substance for They were overjoyed when they found a major
ore ruda 3
which it is mined, vein of platinum ore.
water
plant in which waste water is purified to be used again, or oczyszczalnia They built a new water purification plant
purification 3
to avoid pollution, ścieków outside the city.
plant
wykonać The drug prevents the virus from replicating
replicate produce exact copies of sth, 3
replikę czegoś itself.
choroba
congenital existing since or before birth, Doctors say cancer is a congenital disease. 3
wrodzona
Scientists have managed to map the human
genome the complete set of genes in a cell, 3
genome.
device instrument or tool intended for a certain function, urządzenie A computer is a wonderful device. 3
niesprawność A malfunction of the computer has been
malfunction failure to function normally, 3
sprzętu detected.
extension three letter ending of a computer file, rozszerzenie The extension for documents is "DOC." 3
pewter grayish metal made by mixing lead and tin, stop cynowy She has a lot of jewelry made of pure pewter. 3
smokeless explosive made from nitro glycerin and
cordite kordyt The army uses cordite to blow up bridges. 3
guncotton,
Scientists are trying to make replicas of certain
replica a very good copy, kopia, replika 3
genes.
No one knows what the repercussions of
repercussion far reaching effect, następstwo 3
genetic engineering will be.
Heart transplants weren't feasible just fifty
feasible possible, możliwy 3
years ago.
about a computer directory; to look through in order to Computer users browse the Web to find
to browse przeglądać 3
find i.e. a file, relevant files.
software piractwo Software piracy is a threat to program writers
illegal copying of computer software, 3
piracy komputerowe and computer companies.
genetic genetic information used to aid the identification of genetyczny Police can now identify a murder 60 years
3
fingerprints someone, odcisk palca after the fact with genetic fingerprinting.
Communication
to the boss.
Using body language is a great example of
nonverbal communication. You do not have to
nonverbal not using words niewerbalny; 4
use any words to express your feelings- it's
called nonverbal means of expression.
I'd like to be a polyglot so that I could go to
different countries and understand what people
polyglot a person speaking many languages poliglota; 4
say. He knows eight different languages so
you may say he is a polyglot.
extrovert a person who likes to spend time in activities with other ekstrowertyk; Extroverts are outgoing, sociable kind of 4
strona 76
people rather than being quiet and alone , people. Everybody likes her a lot because of
her extroverted behavior.
English is the medium of instruction We use
środek
medium a means for communicating, telephones as medium for staying in touch 4
przekazu;
with people who live far away.
He used gesticulation to help them understand.
a movement with one's hands or arms to communicate
gesticulation gestykulacja; He uses gesticulation too often; he should 4
something that using only words cannot,
concentrate on the words more.
He is unable to discern what is going on. How
discern to understand, realize, rozeznawać się 4
can I discern if what he's saying is true?
to raise your shoulders to show you either don't know, or wzruszać
shrug "Who knows?" he said and shrugged. 4
don't care about something, ramionami
communication of thoughts and feelings between people's If we could communicate through telepathy
telepathy telepatia 4
minds without using speech or other physical signs, spoken language would die out.
unikać
hedge to avoid giving a direct answer, Stop hedging and answer my question. 4
odpowiedzi
Women often accuse men of being too
taciturn speaking very little, małomówny 4
taciturn.
My mother and aunt can chinwag for hours on
chinwag to chat, gawiedzić 4
end.
system of communication used by deaf - mute people In some universities you can study sign
sign language język migowy 4
involving hand gestures, language as a second language.
Things were going well until you had to butt
butt in to interrupt (coll.), wtracić się 4
in.
He is always ready to chime in with his
chime in to give one's opinion about something (coll.), 4
opinion.
przekomarzani He tried to cover his shyness with a lot of
banter a light joking talk , 4
e się banter.
be on a
nadawać na We are just on different wavelengths when it
different to think differently from someone else (coll), 4
różnych falach comes to politics.
wavelength
I had to tell her a little white lie so I wouldn't
white lie a harmless, unimportant lie, kłamstewko 4
hurt her feelings.
to get in touch skontaktować
to contact sb through mail, phone etc, Please get in touch with through email. 4
with się
to spoil for a Every time I said something he contradicted
to be very keen to have a fight or argument with someone. 4
fight me. It was obvious he was spoiling for a fight.
over
Liking something very much (But often used in the Karen doesn't seem exactly over enamored
enamoured 4
negative) with her new job.
with sthg
to make
to come to understand with some difficulty, zrozumieć 4
something out
Since we had our little altercation she hasn't
altercation short disagreement. 4
spoken to me.
The prime minister has condemned this act of
sentiment thought or judgement caused or influenced by feeling: terrorism and the other party leaders have 4
expressed similar sentiments.
She was completely flummoxed by the second
flummox to confuse completely 4
question.
unnerve to take away courage or confidence The experience completely unnerved me. 4
to show enjoyment or admiration in a foolish or The boys were drooling over a picture of a girl
drool 4
unpleasant way in a bikini.
obtuse annoyingly slow in understanding Is he stupid or is he being deliberately obtuse? 4
He refused to answer their accusations but his
speak volumes to show or express very clearly or fully 4
silence spoke volumes.
to move back suddenly as if drawing away from
wince He winced mentally at her angry words. 4
something painful or unpleasant
An inscrutable smile was all I got in answer to
inscrutable very difficult to understand, mysterious 4
my question.
The poor child doesn't understand that he is
forbearance patience, forgiveness doing wrong; you must treat him with more 4
forbearance.
harangue to attack or try to persuade with a long, often loud and The teacher harangued us about our untidy 4
strona 77
attacking speech work.
Felix is too opinionated to change his mind,
opinionated too sure of the rightness of one's opinions 4
even if he knows he is wrong.
showing special favour to one person, side etc., especially It will be difficult to find a judge who is not
partial 4
in a way that is unfair partial.
heed to give attention to She didn't heed my warning. 4
wheedle to persuade by pleasant but insincere behaviour or words She wheedled him into taking her with him. 4
He tends to snap at people when he's got a
snap to speak or say quickly, usually in an annoyed way 4
headache.
I wanted to speak to her, but she gave me the
brushoff a clear refusal to be friendly or to listen; rude dismissal 4
brush-off.
frequently trying to tell other people what to do without His overbearing personality makes him
overbearing 4
regard for their ideas or feelings difficult to work with.
(the ability to make) quick, amusing answers in
repartee I enjoy listening to their witty repartee. 4
conversation
One could clearly see the animosity between
animosity powerful, often active, hatred 4
the two party leaders.
livid furious My husband will be livid if he finds you here. 4
curt saying too little to be polite, blunt I find his curt manner off-putting. 4
I offered to placate her by offering to pay for
placate to cause to stop feeling angry 4
the repairs.
This horse is very placid so you have nothing
placid not easily made angry or excited 4
to worry about.
waver to be uncertain or unsteady in movement or decision He wavered between accepting and refusing. 4
the belief that one's own culture is superior to that of His work is open to the criticism that it is
ethnocentric 4
others. ethnocentric.
the set of ideas and attitudes that are associated with a The ethos of the company is to provide and
ethos 4
particular group of people or activity excellent service at the lowest possible price.
She said her ethnicity was not important to
ethnicity the state or fact of belonging to a particular ethnic group. 4
her.
One of his idiosyncrasies was to wear gloves
idiosyncrasy a person's unusual habits or characteristics 4
all year around no matter the weather.
to think of or represent somebody or something as perfect
idealize He tended to idealize his father. 4
or much better than they really are.
incisive the ability to think and express oneself clearly. She has a very incisive mind. 4
when sth. or someone seems strange when considered An Indian temple might be said to be an
incongruous 4
together with other aspects of a situation. incongruous sight in a Polish village
gait the way a person has of walking or carrying themselves. I knew him by his gait. 4
There is a gestural quality to much of her early
gestural consisting of or relating to gestures and movement. 4
work.
innuendo An indirect reference to something rude or unpleasant The article was full of sexual innuendo. 4
Even seeming innocuous words can be
innocuous sth not at all harmful or controversial. 4
offensive if used in the wrong context.
innate a quality which a person was born with. Our moral sense is innate. 4
The President was criticized by the opposition
injudicious that which shows poor judgment. on account of the injudicious remarks he made 4
to a journalist.
Freedom of speech is sacrosanct in western
sacrosanct sth highly valued and considered above criticism. 4
democracies.
showing great disrespect towards that which people think A number of churches were sacked and
sacriligious 4
holy or should be respected. sacrilegious acts committed.
Journalists are trying to second-guess the
second guess To try and guess in advance a particular outcome 4
election outcome.
He did everything he could to stave off
stave off to succeed in stopping something for a while. 4
accepting responsibility for his actions.
sth which is overly complicated and difficult to
convoluted His explanation was all too convoluted. 4
understand
to speak , act or perform something without preparation She departed from the text and extemporized
extemporize 4
beforehand. in a very energetic fashion.
Two 14th century manuscripts of the text are
extant sth which is still in existence despite being very old 4
still extant.

strona 78
nieumyślne
manslaughter killing sb but not necessarily deliberately, The charge has been reduced to manslaughter. 4
zabójstwo
a strong reaction against events, normally political or The government is facing a backlash over its
backlash 4
social policy on Europe.
The nefarious nature of pedophilia is yet to be
nefarious evil or criminal. 4
fully understood.
the period of time after something such as a war, accident, It's difficult be objective in the aftermath of
aftermath 4
storm, etc when people are still dealing with the results. such terrible crimes.
It looks like a copycat murder, although we
a copycat crime is one that is believed to have been have to investigate if it was not the same
copycat influenced by another, often famous, crime because it is so powielony murderer as the last time. Many people 4
similar, commit copycat crimes because they are
fascinated by other criminals.
Mark lied to the judge to protect his wife and
krzywoprzysie
perjury telling lies in a law court, was convicted of perjury. The judge warned 4
stwo
the witness not to perjure herself.
The kidnaper would not be able to do it on his
a person who helps another person to do wrong, usually a own, he must have had an accomplice. During
accomplice wspolsprawca 4
criminal, the investigation the criminal admitted he had
an accomplice.
iniquity absence of moral or spiritual values, niegodziwość Terrorism is an act of iniquity. 4
ciężkie
felony a serious crime, Murder is a felony. 4
przestępstwo
przestępstwo He was imprisoned for lese majesty. Guy
lese majesty undermining one's government, przeciwko Fawlkes' attempt to blow up parliament was 4
władzom kraju lese majesty.
letting a prisoner go free before the end of his/her term as zwolnienie
parole He's going to be released on parole soon. 4
reward for good behavior, etc., warunkowe
The kidnappers demanded a ransom of
ransom money paid to kidnappers for the release of a victim, okup 4
$5,000,000 for the boy's release.
formally declare in court that a person is not guilty of a The jury acquitted her of murder, and she went
to acquit uniewinnić 4
crime, home.
one who gets pleasure in starting fires, one sick with
pyromaniac piroman The pyromaniac almost burnt the house down. 4
pyromania,
deliberate murder of a whole community or race of Hitler and Stalin are recent history's most
genocide ludobójstwo 4
people, terrible perpetrators of genocide.
krzywoprzysię He committed perjury so that his cousin
perjury lying in court, 4
stwo wouldn't have to go to jail.
He extorted $2,000 from local shopkeepers,
extort get money or promises through threats, wymusić 4
telling them they'd "pay" if they didn't pay.
His death sentence was commuted to life in
commute to reduce a punishment in severity, złagodzić karę 4
prison.
During the 1980s Polish UB officers could
impunity to do something without fear of being punished. 4
behave with impunity.
Being confronted with an imputation of
imputation an accusation of somebody being guilty of a crime, zarzut embezzlement he decided to resign from the 4
bank.
wyprzeć się, Some witnesses recanted their statements after
recant to negate a statement one has made, 4
wycofać being threatened.
He got a temporary reprieve so the courts
reprive postponement or delay of punishment, odroczyć 4
could go over his case again.
Guy Fawlkes was too proud to plead for
clemency mercy, łaska 4
clemency, so they tore him to pieces.
Criminals need to be castigated in order to
castigate to punish or speak to someone severely; surowo karać 4
learn a lesson.
incarcerate to imprison, uwięzić The thief was incarcerated in the county jail. 4
oczyscić z His testimony exonerated the company of
exonerate to free someone of blame, 4
oskarżen wrongdoing.
search official document giving the police the right to search When the police got the search warrant they
nakaz rewizji 4
warrant someone's home, found the evidence they needed.
complicity being involved in a crime, współudzial He was charged with complicity in the 4
strona 79
murder.
The bloody glove was solid incriminating
incriminating said of evidence illustrating one is guilty of a crime, obciążający 4
evidence that he'd killed her.
capitulate to surrender, give in. (kapitulacja) never capitulate and would keep fighting to 4
the very last man!
vengeance punishment one gives sb in return for harm they caused, zemsta Vengeance is mine sayeth the Lord. 4
There is a high incidence of car theft in this
incidence rate at which something, especially undesirable, happens 4
area.
The continual rise in violent crime eventually
a strong but usually delayed feeling of opposition towards
backlash provoked a backlash against the liberal gun 4
a belief or practice
control laws.
Don't try and pin the blame on me; I didn't do
pin on to fix (guilt, blame etc.) on 4
it!
The Hague tribunal deals with war criminals
atrocity an act of great evil, especially cruelty 4
who have committed appalling atrocities.
fatality a violent accidental death It was a bad crash, but there were no fatalities. 4
a robbery done by someone connected with the place The evidence that has been collected so far
inside job 4
which has been robbed points to an inside job.
Someone who saw the accident corroborated
corroborate to support or strengthen by fresh information or proof 4
the driver's statement.
A specialist in forensic medicine was called as
forensic related to or used in the law and the tracking of criminals 4
a witness in the murder trial.
The witness, who could not appear in court for
a written statement made after an official promise to tell
affidavit health reasons, signed an affidavit giving 4
the truth, for use as proof in a court of law
details of their evidence.
the system of allowing law-breakers not to go to prison The young offender was put on probation for
probation 4
under certain conditions two years.
He was accused of aiding and abetting the
aid and abet to provide help in criminal activities 4
terrorists by giving them help and support.
The United States is often criticised for its
bellicose warlike, ready to quarrel or fight bellicose attitude towards countries that differ 4
from it politically or economically.
The policeman who stopped her was quite
lenient at first, but when she called him a
throw the
to make all possible charges against someone "cop" he threw the book at her and charged 4
book at
her for everything that he could find wrong
with her car.
not to have a If you didn't sign a contract, you won't have a
to have no support for one's position 4
leg to stand on leg to stand on.
She has a very real grievance against the
grievance a complaint or cause for complaint hospital since the operation which ruined her 4
health.
punishing others for harm done to oneself, especially of a They bombed the enemy village in reprisal for
reprisal 4
political or military kind the killing of some of their own troops.
You've been lucky so far, but one day you will
comeuppance a well deserved punishment or misfortune 4
get your comeuppance.
The report attempts to whitewash recent
to prevent something bad from being noticed, or make
whitewash events, but we all know the minister was 4
what is bad seem good or harmless
seriously at fault.
The report of the committee of enquiry
vindicate to free from blame 4
completely vindicates him.
Before Wyatt Earp became sheriff, vice and
rampant (of crime, disease etc.) widespread and difficult to control 4
crime were rampant in the town.
Although many rich countries support the
proposals to remit the debt of the poorest third
remit to free someone from (a debt or punishment) 4
world countries, little relief has so far been
granted.
felony serious crime such as murder or armed robbery The jury found him guilty of a felony. 4
The clerk embezzled a small fortune from the
embezzle to steal (money that is in one's care) 4
bank where she worked.
The actress took out an injunction against the
injunction a command or official order to do or not to do something 4
magazine to prevent them from publishing the
strona 80
story.
The defendant defied the prosecutor to prove
defy to show no fear of or respect for; to openly disobey 4
the allegations.
The defendant invoked International law to
invoke (a law) to cite a law as justification for a particular action 4
discredit the court.
inviolable (of a law or rule)- which cannot be broken Liberty is an inviolable moral right. 4
incite to encourage people to behave in a particular way The were accused of inciting the crowd to riot. 4
retributive term frequently used to describe the question of crime and "An eye for an eye ,and a tooth for a tooth" is
4
justice punishment. often cited as the essence of retributive justice
normalacy a situation in which everything is normal 4
Internment was yet another example of British
internment imprisonment for political reasons, often without trial. 4
mis-rule and tyranny in Northern Ireland.
to question for a long time with a view to obtaining The police interrogated the suspect for three
interrogate 4
information days.
to (a crime)to plan in advance or to act with deliberation or The prosecution claimed his actions were pre-
4
premeditate intent. meditated.
licentious immoral , especially regarding sex. Many regard the novel as licentious. 4
malevolent (of a person )who deliberately tries to cause harm or evil 4
There was no malice in her actions, rather she
malice behavior intended to harm people or their reputations 4
was careless.
Judges sometimes gives non-custodial
custodial involving spending time in prison 4
sentences for first time offenders.
The president granted the prisoner a stay of
stay of
a deferment of the date of execution execution to allow the courts to consider the 4
execution
new evidence.
Doctors who break a patients rights to
malpractice professional impropriety confidentiality are liable to be sued for 4
malpractice
a state in which there is something wrong with a group or Moral indifference is a malaise which is
malaise 4
society. endemic in western cultures
penal
the punishment of being sent to prison 4
servitude
The ship was not found to be carrying
contraband goods taken into a country illegally 4
contraband
All political prisoners were granted amnesty in
amnesty an official pardon granted to prisoners by the state. 4
response to the announcement of a ceasefire.
a situation whereby somebody continues to commit crimes Prisons do not reduce crime, rather they cause
recidivism 4
despite having being punished recidivism
Education
institutional formal, formalny He had no institutional education. 4
He mucked up his speaking exam, so now he'll
to muck up fail, as in an exam, zawalać 4
have to repeat the year.
umiejętność
expressive I have no expressive abilities. No one knows
how well one expresses his/her thoughts, wysławiania 4
ability what I'm talking about.
się
praktykant,
apprentice student learning a trade, John was an apprentice electrician. 4
czeladnik
When I was a freshman I walked in on the
freshman first year student in an university, pierwszak 4
wrong class three times.
sophomore second year student in a university, drugoklasista My sophomore year was the most difficult. 4
Teachers constantly hone their skills and
to hone improve, esp. skills, rozwijać 4
become better teachers.
He had great retentive memory, so he passed
retentive said of memory; able to hold facts and remember them, dobra pamięć 4
the exam.
I spent two nights cramming for my history
to cram studying for an exam at the last second, wkuwać 4
exam.
drudgery hard and uninteresting work, harówka Homework is sheer drudgery. 4
vocational szkoła My brother graduated from a vocational
schools teaching specific skills for a job, 4
school zawodowa school in engineering.
all the subjects that are taught in a school, college or program Computer studies is not on the curriculum at
curriculum 4
university, nauczania our school. Latin has been introduced into the

strona 81
school curriculum this year.
Jane has been working really hard for the last
the student who has received the best marks overall in his najlepszy four years to be valedictorian. Valedictorian is
valedictorian 4
or her years in high school, college or university, uczen a person who gives the farewell speech at
commencement.
student or recent graduate getting practical work stazysta,
intern Interns can work 12 hour shifts at hospitals. 4
experience, praktykant
zapisac sie na You must enroll in your courses before
enroll officially join a school or course, 4
kurs August.
educational that teaches sth, edukacyjny This book is very educational. 4
She has a tutor who helps her in English. I
a private teacher who teaches one person or a very small
tutor korepetytor need a few tutorial classes in math because I 4
group
don't understand anything.
pedagog, Contemporary educators must take several
educator any person who teaches 4
nauczyciel methods into account nowadays.
An educator must be more than a pedagogue
pedagogue a teacher who teaches strictly for memorization, pedagog 4
these days.
She decided to enrol in the history course at
enrol to officially arrange to join a school, university or course 4
the local evening school.
money given especially by the state for a particular
grant purpose, such as to a university or to a student during a She finds it difficult to live on her grant. 4
period of study
a sum of money or other prize given to a student by an
scholarship official body, especially to pay (partly) for a course of She won a scholarship to Oxford. 4
study
Martin Luther King considered himself a
disciple a follower of any great teacher, especially religious 4
disciple of Ghandi.
Pupils don't make the lives of trainee teachers
trainee a person who is being trained 4
easy.
a job, especially which one does because of a special Teaching children ought to be a vocation as
vocation 4
fitness or ability to give service to other people well as a way of earning money.
Many teachers consider themselves to be
infallible never making mistakes or doing anything bad: 4
infallible.
a person who annoys others by claiming to know There's always some smart aleck waiting to
smart aleck 4
everything and trying to sound clever make a clever remark.
(of one's knowledge of a subject, language etc.) mostly
rusty My French is pretty rusty. 4
forgotten
knowledgeabl It's a pleasure to listen to knowledgeable
knowing a lot 4
e people.
show
This is Shirley's first day, so will you show her
somebody the to teach someone how to do a job or deal with a system 4
the ropes?
ropes
The night before the exam they expected to
pore over to read or look at something very carefully for a long time 4
find him poring over his notes .
studious spending a lot of time studying and reading He is a serious and studious young man. 4
to school to teach, train or bring under control It's best to school a dog while it is still young. 4
schooling education or attendance at school He had only five years of schooling. 4
scholarly concerned with serious study of a particular subject He subscribes to several scholarly journals. 4
more interested in reading and studying than in other Bill almost never goes to parties - he is a
bookish 4
activities pretty bookish sort of fellow.
Spoon-feeding students does not help them
spoonfeed to give too much information and help 4
remember things.
out of one's I felt completely out of my depth when they
beyond one's ability to understand 4
depth started discussing English syntax.
She has a great faculty for absorbing
faculty 1. an ability or skill 4
information.
The department of physics is in the Faculty of
faculty 2. a group of similar subject departments in a university 4
Science.
a social meeting of people who have not met for a long
We hold an annual reunion of former students
reunion time, especially people who were at school or university 4
of the college.
together
someone who does not do as well as they could, especially Many successful business people were
underachiever 4
at school actually underachievers at school.
strona 82
The Minister advocates free education for all
advocate to recommend a particular plan or action publicly 4
citizens.
I have an affinity with those who think
affinity shared characteristics, or similarities (often in attitudes) 4
university is a waste of time.
something said or done after something else as an Almost as an afterthought he added geometry
afterthought 4
addition. Often without careful consideration. to the curriculum.
to overwhelm somebody with either questions , Teachers are often bombarded with questions
bombard 4
information or criticism. from their students.
people who are very ambitious and think their career is the Many people argue that the education system
careerist 4
most important thing. is churning out careerist students.
that which is strong and convincing. (usually and There are cogent reasons why the system
cogent 4
argument or reason) should be changed.
relating to the mental process involved in knowing , As children grow older, their cognitive
cognitive 4
learning and understanding things. processes become sharper.
Due cognizance has not been taken regarding
take
to acknowledge or take notice of certain facts. the importance of logic as a subject on the 4
cognizance
curriculum.
a state or situation in which all the parts or ideas fit
coherence The anthology has a great coherence. 4
together to form an intelligent whole.
the study of the changes in numbers of births, deaths ,
demography 4
marriages etc in a community
Changes in the system will be permitted only
demonstrable a fact or quality which can be shown to be true or to exist. 4
when there is a demonstrable need for them.
Books which denigrate minorities should not
denigrate to insult or unfairly criticize 4
be included in the college library.
Students should do homework OF their OWN
volition one's human will, or free choice 4
volition.
vocational education which focuses on providing students with the The college offers a variety of vocational
4
educatio skills needed for a particular profession of industry. courses.
scepticism great doubt as to whether something is true or useful. There is skepticism about the new reforms. 4
Many people are resistant to the idea of
resistant to oppose or try to prevent something 4
regular exercise.
to be determined or convinced about a particular idea or
resolute 4
course of action
a type of behavior which is in response to a particular Our policy should be pro-active rather than
reactive 4
situation rather taking the imitative reactive.
Often we procrastinate when faced with
procrastinate to keep postponing the things one knows one should do. 4
difficult tasks.
Environment
Logging causes deaths of many animals living
wycinka in forest. The government should forbid
logging work of cutting down forest trees for timber, 4
drzewa logging since there are almost no forests left in
our country.
Human beings, as well as apes, monkeys and
lemurs, belong to primates. Human beings
primates the most highly developed order of mammals, ssaki naczelne 4
should take special care of monkeys since they
also belong to primates.
I saw vultures picking at a lion's carcass. I
a body of a dead animal especially one that is to be cut up
carcass padlina would never be able to eat monkey's carcass as 4
as meat ,
some people do.
Africa is not the natural habitat of the polar
habitat natural home of a plant or animal, środowisko 4
bear.
Poachers have almost wiped out the African
poacher person who illegally hunts animals, kłusownik 4
elephant.
gale extremely strong wind, wichura The tornado caused terrible gales. 4
crustaceans shelled animal with a soft body divided into sections, skorupiaki Most crustaceans like crabs live in water. 4
cypel, The coast had many headlands overlooking
headland narrow piece of land sticking out of the coast into the sea, 4
przylądek the sea.
ochrona
conservation protection of natural wildlife, We should increase wildlife conservation 4
środowiska
zrzucające Maple and chestnut are examples of deciduous
deciduous having leaves that fall off in the autumn, 4
liście trees.
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sanctuary protected area set aside for animals, Yellowstone is a large wild animal sanctuary. 4
przyrody
bioróżnorodno There is much less biodiversity now than a
biodiversity variety of species, 4
ść thousand years ago.
powodować
degrade reduce the worth or destroy, The rain forests are being degraded. 4
degredację
hostile not friendly, having ill will, wrogi The desert is a hostile environment. 4
rdzenny,
indigenous originating in a given area, Storks are indigenous to Poland. 4
lokalny
We need to find a better bacteriostat for
bacteriostat sth retarding the growth of bacteria, bakteriostat 4
salmonella.
wysypisko The municipal dump is located outside the
dump area where garbage and waste are put, 4
śmieci city.
acid rain rain polluted with acids, kwaśny deszcz Acid rain is dangerous for plant life. 4
able to be broken down into harmless products by the All our products have biodegradable
biodegradable 4
natural action of bacteria packaging.
afforestation planting trees in order to make a forest; 4
After the extensive deforestation of the
deforestation cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area industrial revolution, Britain has begun a 4
number of afforestation projects.
to make impure or bad by mixing in impure, dirty or Large areas of land have been contaminated
contaminate 4
poisonous matter by the leakage from the chemical plant.
Pollutants are constantly being released into
pollutant a substance that pollutes 4
the atmosphere.
conservationis
a person who works to protect animals, plants etc.; 4
t
The plans to build a motorway next to a
an area for birds or animals where they are protected and
sanctuary wildlife sanctuary were abandoned due to 4
cannot be hunted
pressure from conservationists.
vegetation plants in general, especially in one particular area There was little vegetation on the island. 4
The depletion of the ozone layer has numerous
depletion a reduction in the amount of something 4
consequences for the climate of the earth.
bushes, small trees and other plants growing around and
undergrowth 4
under bigger trees;
There were many toadstools lurking in the
toadstool a poisonous or uneatable mushroom undergrowth, waiting to be picked by 4
unsuspecting children.
The polar bear's habitat is the icy wastes of the
habitat the natural home of a plant or animal 4
Arctic.
a piece of equipment fitted to the exhaust of a car that
catalytic By law, every new car has to be fitted with a
reduces the amount of poisonous gases sent out into the 4
converter catalytic converter.
air
We've had rather a long spell of inclement
inclement (of weather) bad, especially cold and stormy 4
weather recently.
torrential rain very heavy rain; 4
The forecast for tomorrow is not very
gale a very strong wind encouraging: there will be gales and torrential 4
rain.
hard slippery ice that does not appear different from the Black ice made the roads extremely slippery
black ice 4
surface of the road it covers and dangerous.
shower a short period of rain or snow Scattered showers are expected this afternoon. 4
drizzle (a) fine misty rain A light drizzle had started by the time we left. 4
overcast dark with clouds What a depressing overcast day! 4
sleet partly frozen rain: As it grew colder the rain changed to sleet. 4
Many small villages were cut off by the
blizzard a long severe snowstorm 4
blizzard.
crisp (of weather) cold, dry and fresh It was a crisp winter day - ideal for skiing. 4
(of parts of the world, climate etc.) free from very high or The temperate zones of the world are found to
temperate 4
very low temperatures the north and south of the tropics.
This is the worst cloudburst I have ever seen -
cloudburst a sudden very heavy fall of rain: 4
all the streets have turned into rivers!
intermittent which happens occasionally , rather than continuously The damage to the forests has become 4

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intermittent of late , but no less hazardous.
(equipment, methods or systems) -used to source the cause
diagnostic 4
of diseases
ensue to follow after After the storm chaos ensued. 4
the gradual destruction and removal of rock or soil by the Increased land erosion by the sea is often
erosion 4
sea or by the weather attributed to global warming.
Dioxin was the main ingredient in Agent
defoliate to cause the leaves on plants to fall off or be destroyed. 4
Orange used to defoliate Vietnam.
Over-population exacerbates the problems of
exacerbate to make a problem worse 4
many third world nations.
Ethical Issues
Most priests denounce abortion although they
to say publicly that something is wrong; to be very critical cannot have families and children. My
denounce potepiac 4
of a person in public, grandfather denounces Jews even though he
has never known any.
using very few words in a way that seems rude but is not The hotel manager was rather brusque with his
brusque 4
intended to be. guests, but then it had been a long day.
a young human or animal that is still developing in its Some people argue that fetus is not a human
fetus płód 4
mother's body, being yet. She lay curled up in a fetal position.
a glass tube, closed at one end, used in chemical The test-tube was broken and acid burned the
testtube probowka 4
experiments, scientist's hand.
killing somebody suffering from an incurable disease
mercy killing eutanazja Mercy killing is an euphemism for euthanasia. 4
painlessly,
The word "saphism" comes from "Saphos," a
saphism female homosexuality, lesbianism, 4
lesbian writer in ancient Greece.
Prostitution is legal in Holland, as well as
prostitution sex for pay, prostytucja 4
many other things.
surrogate matka It can be psychologically trying for surrogate
woman who gives birth to a baby for someone else, 4
mother zastępcza mothers when they have to give up the baby.
baby that develops from an egg taken out of the mother's
"dziecko z
test tube baby body, fertilized, and then put back into the mother to 4
probówki"
develop normally.
in vitro zaplodnienie in In vitro fertilization gives hope to infertile
fertilization outside the mother's body, 4
fertilization vitro couples.
professional etyka His license to practice law was revoked when
set of moral rules followed in a particular field of work, 4
ethics zawodowa he broke his professional ethics.
moral influence one gains through what other people perceive to autorytet The pope seems to have quite a lot of moral
4
authority be that person's high moral standards, moralny authority nowadays.
to give one's own opinions about what one believes to be My grandmother is constantly moralizing,
to moralize moralizować 4
right or wrong, telling me I live a bad life.
You can get hardcore pornography anywhere
hardcore showing the act of sex in an explicit way, twarda, ostra 4
in Berlin.
attempting to "improve" humanity through manipulation Some say that eugenics is a breach of the law
eugenics eugenika 4
of genes or the like, of nature.
artificial introduction of semen into the vagina by other than natural sztuczne Instead of getting married she decided to have
4
insemination means, zapłodnienie artificial insemination.
He has absolutely no scruples! He tried to sell
scruple a moral principle, skrupuły 4
me a bridge!
permissivenes There is much more sexual permissiveness
greater moral freedom, pobłażliwość 4
s nowadays.
lęk przed
There is a lot more homophobia in the
homophobia fear or dislike of homosexuals, homoseksualist 4
southern states than northern.
ami
darować,
condone accept a certain behavior, My mother never condoned my drug use. 4
wybaczyć
Clinton's people first tried to downplay the
accusations as having come from mere
disparaging and offensive media slang for an attractive but blondynka, bimbos. In the strict sense the bimbo exists on
bimbo 4
not too bright young woman, esp. one with loose morals. slodka idiotka the fringes of pornography, and some cynics
might say she has the mental capacity of a
minor kitchen appliance.
nefarious very wicked, evil That was a really nefarious deed. 4
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The conservative party has lost the last two
sleaze immoral behaviour, esp. involving sex or dishonesty elections because of the public perception that 4
it is riddled with sleaze.
The Marquis de Sade would be most people's
turpitude depravity, shameful wickedness 4
definition of gross moral turpitude.
a person or thing that is or seems to be a perfect model to He behaves as if he were a paragon of virtue,
paragon 4
copy but I could tell you a thing or two about him.
She knew she had transgressed and was ready
transgress to do wrong; offend against a moral principle 4
to atone.
The origin of the universe may be explicable,
but the bigger question as to why there is
conundrum a difficult or puzzling problem 4
something rather that nothing is an
unanswerable conundrum.
Notice the tiny, finicky engraving on this
finicky needing delicate attention to detail 4
watch-case.
showing a complete lack of moral principles; He must have had some base motive in
base 4
dishonourable revealing to her what Martha had said.
Her ex-husband is a totally unsavoury
unsavoury unpleasant, esp. in being morally unacceptable 4
character.
shady probably dishonest; 4
He refused to compromise his integrity by
integrity strength and firmness of character or principle 4
taking part in this shady business deal.
salve to make esp. uncomfortable feelings less painful; 4
To salve his qualms about cheating the tax
an uncomfortable feeling of uncertainty, especially as to
qualm inspector he gave a substantial sum of money 4
whether something is right
to charity.
sanctity holiness, sacredness People should respect the sanctity of life. 4
easily shocked by improper or rude things, especially of a She is so prudish that she leaves the room
prudish 4
sexual nature whenever somebody as much as hints at sex.
easily shocked, upset or made to feel sick by unpleasant It's a violent film, so don't go if you are
squeamish 4
things squeamish.
allowing behavior, especially sexual, that many other Today's permissive society is usually
permissive 4
people disapprove of considered to have begun in the 1960s.
a strong feeling of sympathy for someone who is suffering Religion teaches us to have compassion for the
compassion 4
, and a desire to help them poor and sick.
terminate to come or bring to an end She has decided to terminate this pregnancy. 4
a feeling of emotional comfort at a time of great sadness After the death of her son, Val found solace in
solace 4
or disappointment the church.
He was accused of crimes too vile to detail in
vile shameful and evil 4
open court.
a slight touch of decay, infection, or bad or immoral Can we be sure that they are free from any
taint 4
influence taint of disloyalty?
That's the last time I let that brazen hussy near
brazen without shame; immodest 4
my husband!
too holy or important to be allowed to suffer any harm or I never take any work home at the weekends -
sacrosanct 4
disrespect they are sacrosanct.
rectitude honesty of character; moral correctness His life has been one of unwavering rectitude. 4
subvert to destroy something's power or influence 4
The delegates said they are prepared to discuss
substantive that which involves real and important issues or aims 4
the substantive issues tomorrow.
(Moral) A rule or principle or truth that is held to be right Many people doubt there are any such thing as
an absolute 4
in all situations , at all times. moral absolutes .
aetiology the study of first causes 4
action taken to ensure that members of disadvantaged
affirmitive A growing number of whites are challenging
groups (e.g. racial minorities) get an appropriate share of 4
action affirmative action policies.
opportunities available
positive
British term meaning same as "affirmative action" 4
discrimination
Our members are bound by a rigid code of
ethics moral beliefs and rules about right and wrong. 4
ethics which includes confidentiality.
His commitment to civil liberties and human
civil liberties rights to individual autonomy 4
rights has never been stronger.

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corporal Corporal punishment is both illegal and
the punishment of people by beating them. 4
punishment morally wrong.
Liberals and Communitarians tend to be
diametrically when two things or view points are completely different to
diametrically opposed on the question of the 4
opposed one another.
role of the State in our lives.
that which is intended to teach people something , usually In totalitarian states art usually exists for
didactic 4
a moral lesson. didactic purposes.
(ADJ) STH which is unnecessary , and often harmful and The film was full of gratuitous violence and
gratuitous 4
upsetting. sex.
TV is often cited as having a detrimental
moral fibre the quality of being determined to do what is right. 4
effect on peoples moral fiber.
(ADJ) Somebody who makes harsh judgments of other
moralistic people on the basis of their own ideas and beliefs about To me moralistic films are usually unbearable. 4
what is right and wrong.
to moralize to tell others their views are either right or wrong. As a dramatist he was prone to moralizing. 4
Something , usually an attitude or belief or practice which The pervasive influence of the Church in our
pervasive 4
is widespread. (Usually has a negative connotation) lives cannot be a good thing.
the practice of using live animals for scientific
vivisection She was a fierce opponent of vivisection. 4
experiments
Xenophobic nationalism is on the rise in much
xenophobia the irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries 4
of Europe.
Health
During the football game one of the players
kicked Tom and broke his tibia. Tibia is the
tibia the front bone in the leg below the knee, piszczel 4
inner and larger of two bones from the knee to
the ankle.
She has a leg in a cast because she strained her
tendon playing tennis. Tendons are very
tendon a thick strong cord that connects a muscle to a bone, sciegno 4
important parts of human bodythey enable us
to move our limbs.
She looks pale and is so weak, maybe she has
an unhealthy condition in which there are too few red cells
anemia anemia anemia. I look anemic, I have to go to the 4
in the blood,
doctor and do a blood test.
w dobrym He was upbeat after his great performance in
upbeat state of being happy, 4
nastroju the play.
fast abstain from eating, pościć He is fasting for religious reasons. 4
After her trip to the beauty salon she look
wellgroomed about a person's appearance well cared for, clean, zadbany 4
much more well groomed.
wracać do He's recuperating from his car accident in the
recuperate to get well after an illness or injury, 4
zdrowia hospital.
bout of a
a period of illness, atak choroby I'm getting over a bout of the flu. 4
disease
a person suffering form bulimia, an eating disorder
bulimic bulimik The risk of suicide among bulimics is high. 4
involving selfinduced vomiting,
When anthrax bacilli enter the body they start
bacillus rod shaped bacterium, bakcyl 4
to breed.
They administered a serum into me to fight the
serum injected liquid that fights infection or disease, surowica 4
poison from the snake that bit me.
He sustained several lesions across his face
lesion a wound, rana 4
from the care accident.
wyrostek His appendix ruptured, and he had to have an
appendix small bag of tissue attached to the large intestine, 4
robaczkowy operation
illness in which sugar is not properly absorbed in the Because of his diabetes he could not eat or
diabetes cukrzyca 4
body, drink anything with sugar.
condition the state of any illness, dolegliwość Asthma can be a frightening condition. 4
piece of cloth strapped around neck and shoulder to
sling temblak His arm will be in a sling until it heals. 4
support a broken arm,
składnik Older people need as many nutrients as young
nutrient substance absorbed by the body to help it grow and heal, 4
pokarmowy people.
a return to a state of illness after one had been getting We thought she was through with the worst of
relapse nawrót 4
well, the illness, but yesterday she had a relapse.
sedentary said of a life style; not moving enough, siedzący np. Secretaries have very sedentary jobs. 4
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prosthetic artificial as in an appendage of the body proteza He has a prosthetic leg from the war. 4
You can't expect him to work so hard if he
morsel a very small piece of food 4
hasn't had a morsel to eat today.
hearty substantial What he needs is a hearty meal. 4
One of the prisoners refused to eat, so he had
forcefeed to feed by forcing food down the throat 4
to be force-fed.
Gorging yourself on cream cakes is certainly
gorge to fill oneself completely with food 4
not a good way to put on weight.
robust having or showing good health or strength Ian is a very robust child who never gets ill. 4
sickly often ill; weak and unhealthy Peter, on the contrary, is a very sickly child. 4
She is now over eighty, and becoming too frail
frail weak in body or health 4
to live alone.
a feeling of giddiness usually caused by looking down I can't climb ladders because I suffer from
vertigo 4
from a great height vertigo.
undernourish having eaten too little food and suffering lack of growth
niedożywiony This child is seriously undernourished. 4
ed and development
After a long illness he went to the mountains
recuperate to get well again after illness or difficulty 4
to recuperate.
showing the weakness of body or especially of mind The poor old lady is getting senile; she keeps
senile 4
connected with old age hiding things and then says we've stolen them.
to become thin, less active and lose strength and health
pine He pined away after his wife died. 4
slowly through disease or especially grief
posthumous coming after one's death The medal was awarded posthumously. 4
It's nothing serious, I'm just a little out of sorts
out of sorts feeling unwell 4
today.
She's been feeling a little off colour for the last
offcolour not well 4
day or two.
Cigarettes contain hundreds of carcinogenic
carcinogenic causing cancer rakotwórczy 4
substances.
Living is an illness to which sleep provides
something used to alleviate pain, anxiety, etc., without
palliative paliatywny relief every sixteen hours. It's a palliative. The 4
curing it
remedy is death.
gestation the period during which a child or a young animal is The gestation period of hamsters is only 16
4
period inside the mother's body before birth days.
The drug was administered by intravenous
intravenous (done) into or by way of a vein dożylny 4
injection.
The patient was put on a drip after her
drip (an apparatus for) liquid put slowly into a blood vessel 4
operation.
the strength of body or mind to fight tiredness, We were impressed by the great stamina she
stamina 4
discouragement or illness showed during her illness.
like death Ever since I caught this cold I've been feeling
very ill or tired 4
warmed up like death warmed up.
She's always complaining of some ailment or
ailment an illness, especially one that is not serious 4
other.
(of a diseased condition or growth) that cannot be treated
inoperable nieoperacyjny I'm afraid her condition is inoperable. 4
or removed by an operation
insanity madness The defence entered a plea of insanity. 4
to espouse to advocate and support a particular policy. 4
Governments talk about healthcare when it is
that which is convenient or self-serving, but which may
expedient politically expedient, especially before 4
not be morally right
elections.
Sth which can be got rid of because it is unnecessary or During the recession many services were cut
expendable 4
superfluous. because they were seen as expendable.
behavior resulting from the belief that older people are Ageism is no different than racism an should
ageism 4
less valuable than younger people. never be tolerated
ageing getting older , and often less health and efficient 4
New technology is main catalyst for change in
catalyst somebody or sth that causes change or an event to happen 4
the field of medicine.
causal Few people would argue that there is no causal
connection or wherein one thing causes another to happen connection between smoking and the 4
relationship incidence of cancer.

strona 88
to the If you smoke it will be to the detriment of
with the effect of harming 4
detriment of your health.
There is a dichotomy between patients rights
dichotomy a great difference or opposition between two things 4
and doctors duties.
at the
The freedom and authority to decide in a given situation Treatment is at the discretion of doctors. 4
dicsretion of
Cystic fibrosis is a fatal hereditary disease. the
ability to understand and realize something
features or illnesses which are passed on from one about an event after it has happened, which
hereditary dziedziczny 4
generation to the next was not possible at the time. With the benefit
of hindsight, I know appreciate the importance
of a healthy diet
integral sth which is essential or necessary A balanced diet is integral to sound health. 4
instrumental He was instrumental in the discovery of the
helping to make sth. happen 4
in new drug.
Government cutbacks have put the whole
in jeopardy in danger 4
project in jeopardy
We have not the means to prolong life
means the method , instrument or process used to do something 4
indefinitely.
The government is taking measures to ensure
take measures to take action to achieve a certain result. 4
that young people know the risks of smoking.
misapprehensi Many people are under the misapprehension
a wrong idea or impression 4
on that vitamins are a substitute for a healthy diet.
bad or unacceptable behavior, especially by a professional Doctor Smith was cleared of professional
misconduct 4
person. misconduct.
Mass Media
oznaczenie
filmu lub The film has been given an X rating. If a film
the system of giving a letter to a film, showing who may
rating programu, dla has G rating it means that it is addressed to 4
see it,
kogo jest general audience.
przeznaczony
a printed or written statement that says unfairly bad things
The politician is suing the magazine for libel.
libel about a person and may make others have a low opinion znieslawienie 4
She claims she has been libeled in the press.
of him or her,
National Geographic has a circulation of 11
the number of copies of a magazine, newspaper, etc. that
circulation nakład million. The circulation of the magazine will 4
are sold each time it is produced
fall after increasing the price.
person who answers questions or discusses an issue on a "Good evening. Let me first introduce
panelist gość programu 4
TV show, tonight's panelists."
skrócić,
abridge make sth written or spoken shorter, "Ulysses" has been abridged for radio. 4
ograniczyć
newspaper article in which the editor gives his/her opinion artykuł "The Time's" last editorial was really
editorial 4
on a subject, wstępny controversial.
warty IFA's eightieth anniversary was newsworthy
newsworthy interesting enough to be reported, 4
publikacji enough for TVP to report on.
scoop (coll.) important information about a news item, bomba The reporter got a hot scoop about the war. 4
garbled about a statement; unclear, confusing, przekręcony His message was garbled. 4
embellish make a statement more interesting, usually with small lies, koloryzować The media often embellish the news. 4
There are a lot of banners over the streets
banner long poster for advertising, transparent 4
advertising different things.
revenue entire income, dochód Advertising revenue has dropped noticeably. 4
Good quality computer screens have great
resolution making a picture clearer, rozdzielczość 4
resolution.
His brand new amplifier on his cd player cost
amplifier part of a radio that controls the volume, wzmacniacz 4
$500.
przenośny
ghetto blaster larger portable stereo with loud speakers, radiomagnetof Ghetto blasters were popular in the 80's. 4
on
prezenter
newscaster a TV news reporter, TVN has the best newscasters. 4
wiadomości
korespondent
news anchor reporter living abroad providing news for TV, She works as a news anchor in Slovakia. 4
zagraniczny
strona 89
attempts to get a lot of public attention for things or The media hype before every match of the
hype people by saying loudly and often that they are very good, Polish football team is beginning to get on my 4
or better than they really are nerves.
Taking part in Big Brother is a sure way of
limelight the centre of public attention 4
getting into the limelight.
To have a successful news programme you
newscaster a person who broadcasts news on radio or TV need a newscaster who inspires confidence in 4
the viewers.
a very eager newspaper reporter, who is always looking The heart of the murdered man had hardly
newshound 4
for new stories stopped beating when the newshounds arrived.
a small sheet of printed news sent regularly to a particular The latest issue of the university newsletter is
newsletter 4
group of people devoted to the question of salary increases.
a payment made to the writer of a book, piece of music The writer gets a 10% royalty on each copy of
royalty 4
etc. out of the money made for selling that work his book sold.
(the making of) a printed or written statement that says
libel The politician is suing the newspaper for libel. 4
unfairly bad things about a person
Fictional films usually carry a disclaimer that
disclaimer a statement which denies something the characters depicted do not bear any 4
resemblance to people living or dead.
The Daily News scooped the other papers by
scoop to be the first newspaper to print an important news report 4
revealing the prince's marriage plans.
a famous person, especially in the business of It's difficult for celebrities to protect their
celebrity 4
entertainment privacy.
a person, esp. a young girl, who follows pop groups to
Members of boys' bands have to put up with
groupie their concerts, hoping to meet and perhaps have sex with 4
crowds of groupies following them about.
the players
(Am.E.) a broadcaster, usually on TV, who is in charge of The anchormen of the major television
anchorman 4
a news broadcast networks are as well-known as the president.
the amount of time and space given by television, a Most TV stations had live coverage of the
coverage 4
newspaper etc. to a particular subject or event events of September 11 in America.
an article by a particular writer or on a particular subject He is only a young journalist but he already
column 4
that regularly appears in a newspaper or magazine: has his own column in the Independent.
The Guardian has an excellent bridge
columnist a person who writes a newspaper or magazine column 4
columnist.
an article in a newspaper giving the paper's opinion on a Did you see the editorial about the Middle
editorial 4
matter rather than reporting information East situation in today's paper?
a formal report, esp. in a newspaper, that someone has Mark Twain is one of the few people ever to
obituary 4
died, usually with an account of the dead person's life have read his own obituary.
a prepared statement given out to news services and The White House has issued a press release
press release 4
newspapers: confirming the suspected anthrax attack.
The old newsreels are an invaluable source of
newsreel a short cinema film of news 4
historical information.
a tendency to be in favour of or against something or
They complained of bias in the way the news
bias someone without knowing enough to be able to judge 4
media reported the story.
fairly
(shown) at a level of the mind which the senses are not Subliminal advertising on TV has been
subliminal 4
conscious of banned.
The newspaper account of the accident gave
gory full of extreme violence and unpleasantness 4
all the gory details.
words printed above or below a picture, newspaper article The caption under the photo read: "Hamsters
caption 4
etc. to say what it is about or give further information will do anything for a piece of watermelon."
a short description of the contents of a book, printed on Having now read the novel, I must say that the
blurb 4
the cover or in advertisements blurb is better written than the book itself.
to The newspapers misconstrued the Minister's
to interpret wrongly 4
misconstrue speech.
an idea which has been misunderstood or which is not There are many fears and misconceptions
misconception 4
correct about cancer.
that which is based on theoretical or possible situations as He rejected the question on the grounds that it
hypothetical 4
opposed to actual ones was hypothetical.
groundless sth not based on evidence, and likely to be untrue. The reports of his affair were groundless. 4
The film pays homage to role of women in
homage respect shown to sth or somebody 4
society.
hedonism the belief that gaining pleasure is the most important There is a strong element of hedonism 4
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thing. prevalent in tabloid journalism.
The Internet is often cited as the most
the domination or control by one country or culture over
hegemony insidious instance of Western cultural 4
another.
hegemony.
The film was an irreverent comedy based on
irreverent disrespectful 4
the Royal family.
His speech was a display of cowardice and
mendacity the quality of lying rather than being truthful 4
mendacity.
when somebody deliberately does not express an opinion The actor was non-committal when asked
noncommittal 4
or their intentions about his views on religion.
nonsensical sth which makes no sense or is stupid The argument is nonsensical. 4
Celebrities often find the activities of the press
obtrusive offensive and imposing 4
an obtrusive presence in their lives.
So much software becomes obsolete almost as
obsolete sth which is no longer needed. 4
soon as it reaches the shops.
The African mind works rather differently
occidental relating to Europe and America 4
from the occidental one.
to try to make people believe that something is not very Newspapers tend to play down the question of
play down 4
important. corporate censorship.
a statement which is considered meaningless or boring
platitude 4
because it has been said so often
The most plausible explanation for his attitude
plausible that which is likely to be true. 4
lies in his fear of authority.
proliferate to increase in number very quickly Dot.coms proliferated in the late 1990's. 4
somebody or something which is important as a symbol of
icon Picasso is an icon of modernism. 4
something
Cage's music was iconoclastic in that it
iconoclastic that which contradicts and challenges established beliefs. refused to be bound by western traditions of 4
harmony and structure.
Politics
What will be the main plank in your party's
the ideas and aims of a political party especially as platforma
platform platform? This party came to power on a 4
expressed before an election, wyborcza
platform of economic reform.
When someone votes on members of only one
ballot a sheet of paper used to make a secret vote, głos 4
party it is called a straight ballot.
to check sb's past activities to make sure that they are
vet lustrować All politicians should be well vetted. 4
suitable for a (esp. governmental) job,
group of ministers or secretaries who directly meet with prezydium Bush tried to make his cabinet as multi-
cabinet 4
the president or prime minister, rządu cultural as possible to make democrats happy.
area of a state, county, city, country, etc. from which a okręg
constituency The country is divided into 23 constituencies. 4
politician is chosen to represent it in government, wyborczy
centrist having nonextreme political views, centrowy He was a centrist politician. 4
coup sudden violent change of government, zamach stanu Colombia has a coup every 2 months. 4
vote of wotum
formal vote showing how much a party supports its leader, Kwasniewski won a vote of confidence. 4
confidence zaufania
audit bureau institution that makes official examinations of tax issues, izba kontroli The IRS is the major audit bureau in the US. 4
officially send someone back to their own country to stand
extradite ekstradować He was extradited back to Uruguay. 4
trial,
przekazanie Northern Ireland is in the middle of a
devolution transfer of power from central to local government, 4
władzy devolution process.
Are you on the electoral roll for
electoral roll list of voters in an area, lista wyborcza 4
Wielkopolska?
to show dislike or disapproval for something you believe
to pour scorn The journalist Jeremy Paxman often pours
to be stupid, unreasonable, oldfashioned or not as good as 4
on sth scorn on what politicians say.
something else.
organized group within a larger group, who may disagree The rival factions couldn't agree on anything,
faction frakcja 4
with the rest on some issues, so the party dissolved.
Reactionary politicians are trying to wreck the
reactionary not revolutionary, preferring things as they are, reakcyjny 4
social reform.
The labor party and the Tories had a bit of a
skirmish short argument, sprzeczka 4
skirmish.

strona 91
cant insincere talk, esp. hypocritical, hipokryzja I can't stand listening to that preacher's cant. 4
any of the areas of a country that elect a representative to a I must protest at the sitting of a new missile
constituency 4
parliament base in my constituency.
The Labour Party had a landslide victory at
landslide a very large, often unexpected, success in an election 4
the last election.
As the incumbent, you have a better chance of
incumbent the holder of an official position, especially a political one 4
being re-elected.
bipartisan of or representing two political parties The new law has bipartisan support. 4
The President's foreign policy advisers
convene to meet, come together, especially for a formal meeting 4
convened for an emergency session.
any of the signers of an agreement, especially among Most western nations are signatories of this
signatory 4
nations treaty.
In his weekly radio broadcast the president
address to direct speech or writing to 4
addresses the nation.
any of the main principles of a political party's stated set
plank 4
of aims;
the main ideas and aims of a political party, especially as What will be the main plank in your party's
platform 4
stated before an election platform?
a person who is sent as a representative, especially by one A special envoy was sent to try to secure the
envoy 4
government to do business with another government release of the hostages.
ceasefire an agreement to stop fighting for a certain period The two sides are now negotiating a ceasefire. 4
Some skulduggery no doubt went on during
skulduggery secretly dishonest or unfair action 4
the election.
Its massive export earnings give the company
clout influence, especially political 4
a lot of clout with the government.
She made a vehement attack on the
vehement forceful 4
government's policies.
Mahatma Ghandi is perhaps the most famous,
civil a non-violent way of forcing the government to change its
as well as the most successful, proponent of 4
disobedience position by refusing to pay taxes, obey laws etc.
civil disobedience.
In the U.S. Senate, which has a hundred
a deciding vote, usually belonging to the person in charge
casting vote members, the Vice President has the casting 4
of a meeting, committee, etc.
vote in the event of a 50/50 split.
ballot a sheet of paper used to make a secret vote They are counting the ballots now. 4
a building or other place where people go to vote at an Our local library is used as a polling station
polling station 4
election during elections.
When the former President endorsed her
endorse to express approval or support of candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of 4
being elected.
(of a committee or public body) to make a formal decision The Senate resolved, by 70 votes to 30, to
resolve 4
or statement accept the President's budget proposals.
to try to find out opinions or win political support by The party claims to have canvassed over 70%
canvass 4
going from place to place in an area and talking to people of the votes.
He has championed numerous causes
champion to fight for, support strongly 4
connected with civil liberties.
Personally, I am fed up with the jingoistic
expressing, esp. threateningly, the belief that one's country sentiments constantly emanating from the
jingoistic 4
is better than others U.S., that it is the home of democracy and the
best country in the world.
(of a person or a political group) ready to fight or use After the assassination of Martin Luther King,
militant 4
force black leaders became more militant.
a society in which people get status or rewards on the
meritocracy 4
basis of their achievements rather
meritocracy than on the basis of the social status, wealth or sex. 4
that which stresses the importance of equality amongst
egalitarian Marxism is egalitarian by its very nature. 4
citizens.
the belief that people should have the maximum of Liberalism has at its core a belief in the
liberalism 4
political and individual freedom. primacy of property rights.
the view that there should be an absolute minimum of Libertarianism holds that there should be no
libertarianism 4
state involvement in peoples' lives. social welfare system.
somebody who writes or speaks in defense of a belief or
apologist C.S LEWIS is a famous Christian apologist. 4
cause

strona 92
apolitical somebody who is not interested in politics. As an artist you cannot be apolitical. 4
autocrat somebody in authority who has complete power. 4
The ability to make your own decisions, self- Many Tibetans are seeking greater autonomy
autonomy 4
determination. from China.
avarice extreme greed. Avarice and capitalism go hand in hand. 4
The shape of geopolitics as decisively been
geopolitics politics on a world wide scale 4
altered by the Internet.
The company voted to enfranchise its women
enfranchise to give the right to vote in elections 4
members.
the branch of authority in a country which is concerned An independent judiciary is necessary if
judiciary 4
with justice and the legal system. democracy is to flourish.
The government announced the interdiction of
interdiction the official banning of something 4
all pornographic materials.
prejudge to form an opinion without full knowledge of the facts 4
litigate to take legal action If we have to litigate we will. 4
a system in which a rich and powerful country controls The first world war marked the beginning of
imperialism 4
other countries. the end of British imperialism.
to say publicly that that you support or approve of Business leaders endorsed the governments
endorse 4
somebody or something. budget.
The minister described the reports as vitriolic
vitriolic that which is full of hatred or bitterness 4
and without foundation.
The President's standing has improved since
standing reputation or popularity 4
the last opinion poll.
Relationships
After twenty-five years of living together Jane
and her common-law husband decided to get
commonlaw a man who has been living with a woman for a long time
konkubent married. Her mother has never accepted the 4
husband but who is not married to her,
fact that she lives with her commonlaw
husband without a formal marriage ceremony.
Gossiping used to be considered a female
male/female
an activity suitable or particular to either men or women. preserve but today men are much more likely 4
preserve
to do it.
humorous expression to describe areas where there are
Ibiza is such a beautiful island but it has been
fleshpot many places that people go to for pleasure, especially 4
turned into a real fleshpot.
sexual pleasure.
She has always dreamt of joining one of the
sororities at her university but she's never done
a club of women students usually living in the same bractwo dla
sorority it. The stereotype of a sorority sister is an 4
house, kobiet
attractive young woman who is not very
intelligent.
a state of strong dislike and violence which continues over wojna (np. This bitter feud over territory began some
feud some time as a result of a quarrel, usually between two miedzy thirty years ago. The two tribes are feuding 4
people, families, etc. rodzinami) with each other over land.
najbliższa The nuclear family only comprises parents and
nuclear family closest family members; father, mother, children, 4
rodzina children.
extended We're having an extended family reunion next
family unit including in-laws and grandparents, cała rodzina 4
family week.
to twotime to have an affair outside marriage (coll.), zdradzać He'd been two timing his wife for years. 4
nieodwzajemni
unrequited about love; not returned, Her love for John went unrequited. 4
ony
żyć w Nowadays many people cohabit instead of
cohabit live together without being married, 4
konkubinacie getting married.
wedlock state of being married, stan małżenski Many children are born out of wedlock. 4
traktować
Don't patronize me! I know the chicken was
patronize to condescend towards sb, protekcjonalni 4
burnt!
e
patrzeć z
frown on disapprove of something, He frowns on everything she does. 4
dezaprobatą
look up to respect, admire, podziwiać I always looked up to my brother. 4
I can't stand contentious people. You can't
contentious fond of arguing, kłótliwy 4
convince them of anything.
fidelity faithfulness, loyalty, wierność I've never doubted her fidelity. 4
strona 93
lecherous desiring constant sexual pleasure, lubieżny My father is a lecherous old man! 4
bezproblemow
hassle free not annoying, without difficulties, We all wish for a hassle free life. 4
y, bezstresowy
be towed być czymś I don't want to be towed down with a
burdened, bothered, 4
down obciążonym mortgage and car payments.
wychowywani Until I was 13 my mother's only job was
parenting state of being a parent, 4
e dzieci parenting.
The divorce was a harrowing experience for
harrowing distressing 4
her.
a chip off the a person very much like his/her mother or father in He has his father's temper all right, a real chip
4
old block character off the old block.
correct behaviour or appearance, showing proper respect I hope you will behave with decorum at the
decorum 4
for the manners and customs of society funeral.
submissive gentle and (too) willing to obey orders; 4
gentle and uncomplaining; accepting other's actions and He expects his wife to be meek and
meek 4
opinions without argument submissive.
(of a man) continually nagged by one's wife and
henpecked 4
completely obedient to her;
He is such a henpecked husband! His wife
to annoy or try to persuade someone by continually
nag keeps nagging him all the time and he doesn't 4
finding fault and complaining
seem to mind!
And then there are those unruly children of
unruly wild in behaviour, difficult to control 4
theirs!
refusing to obey or be controlled, even after being I really don't know how he puts up with their
recalcitrant 4
punished recalcitrant behaviour.
marital of marriage; 4
bliss complete happiness This certainly isn't my idea of marital bliss. 4
If I were him, I would probably move out and
a person who lives alone away from the world and avoids
recluse spend the rest of my life as a recluse in some 4
other people
remote part of the world.
to be continually worried or dissatisfied about small or
fret My mother is always fretting over something. 4
unnecessary things
I wish that cantankerous old man would find
cantankerous badtempered, quarrelsome 4
somebody else to pick on.
to show great fondness for somebody, especially in a way
dote on She really dotes on her only son. 4
that seems foolish
strange or foolish behaviour that is usually regarded with She eventually grew tired of his antics and
antics 4
disapproval broke off their engagement.
Did you have a crush on one of your teachers
crush a strong but short-lived feeling of love for someone 4
when you were at school?
money that a person has been ordered by a court to pay How much maintenance does he pay to his
maintenance 4
regularly to their former partner children and ex-wife?
next of kin a person's closest relative or relatives His next of kin were told of his death. 4
to take away the legal right to receive one's property after
disinherit 4
one's death;
disown to refuse to accept as one's own; 4
When his parents discovered that he was gay,
outcast a person forced from their home or without friends they disowned and disinherited him, and he 4
became an outcast.
Neither of my parents is particularly close to
blood relation a person related by birth rather than by marriage their blood relations, so we are a nuclear rather 4
than an extended family.
geniusz, If you don't understand geometry ask Mary,
specjalista w she's a whiz at math and I'm sure she will help
whiz a person who is extremely good at something, 4
danej you. My brother is a computer whiz, he knows
dziedzinie everything about it.
His shoddy research resulted in him failing his
shoddy of poor quality. 4
PhD.
Hacking is illegal and you can get jailed for
to gain access to the contents of a computer's memory
hack hakerstwo breaking into somebody's programs. Hackers 4
without permission,
need to be careful since they may be easily
strona 94
caught while modifying a program.
projektowanie
Computer Aided Design: use of computers to design cars, This company was the first to use CAD
cad wspomagane 4
buildings, etc., programs to design aircraft.
komputerowo
a mineral containing a metal or some other substance for They were over joyed when they found a
ore ruda 4
which it is mined, major vein of platinum ore.
water
plant in which waste water is purified to be used again, or oczyszczalnia They built a new water purification plant
purification 4
to avoid pollution, ścieków outside the city.
plant
wykonać The drug prevents the virus from replicating
replicate produce exact copies of sth, 4
replikę czegoś itself.
choroba
congenital existing since or before birth, Doctors say cancer is a congenital disease. 4
wrodzona
Scientists have managed to map the human
genome the complete set of genes in a cell, 4
genome.
device instrument or tool intended for a certain function, urządzenie A computer is a wonderful device. 4
niesprawność A malfunction of the computer has been
malfunction failure to function normally, 4
sprzętu detected.
extension three letter ending of a computer file, rozszerzenie The extension for documents is "DOC." 4
pewter grayish metal made by mixing lead and tin, stop cynowy She has a lot of jewelry made of pure pewter. 4
smokeless explosive made from nitro glycerin and
cordite kordyt The army uses cordite to blow up bridges. 4
guncotton,
Scientists are trying to make replicas of certain
replica a very good copy, kopia, replika 4
genes.
No one knows what the repercussions of
repercussion far reaching effect, następstwo 4
genetic engineering will be.
Heart transplants weren't feasible just fifty
feasible possible, możliwy 4
years ago.
about a computer directory; to look through in order to Computer users browse the Web to find
to browse przeglądać 4
find i.e. a file, relevant files.
software piractwo Software piracy is a threat to program writers
illegal copying of computer software, 4
piracy komputerowe and computer companies.
genetic genetic information used to aid the identification of genetyczny Police can now identify a murder 60 years
4
fingerprints someone, odcisk palca after the fact with genetic fingerprinting.
to move information or programmes from one part of a I have downloaded this programme from the
download 4
computer system to another Internet.
to make a computer or other machine better and able to do I've upgraded my computer and now it works
upgrade 4
more things much faster.
It is absolutely essential to update your virus
to make something more modern in the way it looks or
update program at least once a month, preferably 4
operates
once a week.
This programme allows computer users to
customise to make, build or change especially for one person 4
customise the start menu.
You can optimise your computer for reliability
optimise to make as perfect or effective as possible 4
or speed, most users choose speed.
Trouble-shooting computers is part logic, part
troubleshoot to look for and remove causes of trouble in machines etc. experience, part black art; but also a complete 4
pain in the neck.
They can't manufacture the device till they've
glitch a small fault in the operation of something 4
ironed out all the production glitches.
Because electricity has only two possible
(of a system of counting) using the two numbers, 0 and 1,
binary states, on or off, computers must perforce 4
as a base
operate in binary.
As many people don't like the default
a particular way in which a computer will perform an
default appearance of Windows, many programs exist 4
operation, unless the user gives it different instructions
to customise the way it looks and works.
I couldn't draw my money because the bank's
crash to suddenly stop working 4
computer system had crashed.
A computer can retrieve stored information in
retrieve to find and bring back 4
a matter of seconds.
scroll to move (information) on a computer screen in a
Could you scroll down a few lines, please? 4
up/down continuous movement
spreadsheet a type of computer programme that allows figures to be The power of modern spreadsheet programs to 4
strona 95
shown on the screen so that calculations can be quickly manipulate figures and calculate future
made projections makes them indispensable to most
businesses.
a thread-like piece of glass or plastic used for sending The old trans-Atlantic undersea cables had a
optical fibre information, for example in a telephone or computer rather limited capacity until they were 4
system replaced with fibre optic cables.
A common advertising wordplay is that the
appliance an apparatus, instrument or tool for a particular purpose advertised appliance is an appliance of 4
science.
The most common peripherals today are
a piece of equipment which is connected to a computer to
peripheral printers and scanners, but digital cameras are 4
help in using the computer
catching up.
To read information on the internet you use a
browse to search computer material browser, to find the item you want you use a 4
search engine; this is what is called browsing.
Surfing the net with a high-speed modem
surf the net to look quickly through the messages on the Internet seems to be what most kids aspire to these 4
days.
a small piece of equipment, the name of which we cannot He invented some gizmo for resealing fizzy
gizmo 4
remember or do not know drink bottles.
a small fault in the system of instructions that operates a There's a bug in the program that's preventing
bug 4
computer the list from being sorted.
In the past files had to be given short eight
a collection of information on a computer that is stored
file letter names, but now we have the luxury of 4
under a particular name
255 characters.
reboot to start a computer up again after it has stopped working If all else fails, reboot the computer. 4
Floppy disks used to be the basic back-up
to make a copy of the information on a computer
backup media for home users but re-writable CD's are 4
programme or disk
slowly taking over.
For many people cyberspace gives them far
the virtual environment of electronic communication, the
cyberspace greater freedom than they could ever have in 4
Internet
everyday life.
online connected to the Internet; 4
You can write e-mail messages off-line, but
offline not connected to the Internet 4
you must be online to send them.
a scientist or engineer or other expert who is one of a
technocrat group of similar people who have political power as well 4
as technical knowledge.
The current technocratic administration is
technocratic to be influenced by technocrats blind to the damage being done to the 4
environment
computer Somebody with sufficient knowledge and skill to use a It is essential these days to be computer
4
literate computer literate
A difference between two or more things, attitudes or There is a divergence of opinion on the
divergence 4
opinions benefits of technology.
Freud wished that analysis would be
an exact a particular activity is an exact science if follows set rules
considered an exact science on a par with 4
science and affords accurate results.
medicine.
somebody or sth that is considered to be so good that the They viewed their achievements as an
exemplar 4
should be copied or imitated. exemplar of progress.
The research was exhaustive and proved
exhaustive very thorough and complete 4
conclusively that smoking was harmful.
Our attitude to the computer borders on the
idolatory to worship some object or thing believing it be good. 4
idolatry.
an amount or effect that is so small as to be not worth
negligible The positive effects of smoking are negligible. 4
considering.
A manufacturer negligently made and
negligent failure to realize ones responsibilities. 4
marketed a car with defective brakes.
The term "cyber-culture" is nebulous and
nebulous (ADJ) that which is vague and difficult to define. seems to mean many different things to many 4
different people.
the process of establishing contacts through social
networking 4
activities.
strona 96
computer
using computers to maximize effective communications. 4
networking
opaque that which is difficult to understand. Technical jargon is all to often opaque. 4
the study of fossils as a guide to the history of life on
paleontology 4
earth.
an activity which is not very important compared with Science is peripheral to the debate on the
peripheral 4
other activities or issues. sanctity of human life.
The pertinent information we need to make a
pertinent that which is relevant. 4
decision is not available.
an approach to something that tells what should be done
Scientists often insist they are not being
prescriptive rather than simply giving suggestions or descriptions of 4
prescriptive.
what is done.
to develop an abstract idea or set of ideas about something By studying the way people behave we can
theorize 4
in order to explain it. theorize about what is going on in their minds.
a group of experts who are gathered together by an The Pentagons approach to the problem of
think tank organization or government in order to consider various terrorism is based largely on the work of 4
problems with a view to solving them. several think-tanks.
Companies are spending fortunes trying to
thwart to prevent somebody form getting or achieving something. 4
thwart the activities of computer hackers.

strona 97

Filologia Angielska - Zestaw Wyrazen

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Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

Filologia angielska – zestaw wyrażeń źródło: www.ang.pl

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