Chapter 3

Review of Basic Electrical and

Magnetic Circuit Concepts

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-1

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Symbols and Conventions

• Symbols
• Polarity of Voltages; Direction of Currents
• MKS SI units

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-2

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Sinusoidal Steady State

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-3

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Three-Phase Circuit

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-4

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Steady State in Power Electronics

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-5

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Fourier Analysis

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-6

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Distortion in the Input Current

• Voltage is assumed to be sinusoidal

• Subscript “1” refers to the fundamental
• The angle is between the voltage and the current fundamental

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-7

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Phasor Representation

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-8

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Response of L and C

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-9

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Inductor Voltage and Current in
Steady State

• Volt-seconds over T equal zero.

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-10
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Capacitor Voltage and Current
in Steady State

• Amp-seconds
over T equal zero.

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-11

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Ampere’s Law

• Direction of magnetic field due to currents

• Ampere’s Law: Magnetic field along a path

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-12

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Direction of Magnetic Field

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-13

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 B-H Relationship; Saturation

• Definition of permeability

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-14

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Continuity of Flux Lines

φ1 + φ2 + φ3 = 0
Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-15
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Concept of Magnetic
Reluctance

• Flux is related to ampere-turns by reluctance

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-16

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Analogy between Electrical and
Magnetic Variables

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-17

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Analogy between Equations in
Electrical and Magnetic Circuits

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-18

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Magnetic Circuit and its
Electrical Analog

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-19

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-20

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Inductance L

• Inductance relates flux-linkage to current

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-21

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Analysis of a Transformer

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-22

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Transformer Equivalent Circuit

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-23

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Including the Core Losses

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-24

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts
 Transformer Core
Characteristic

Copyright © 2003 Chapter 3 Basic Electrical and 3-25

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Magnetic Circuit Concepts