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INTRODUCTION TO REASONING THE SECTION ON REASONING: Reasoning is one of the important Test areas in CAT and other MBA

entrance exams. In CAT, it has been appearing along with DI and DS in one section, whereas in most other MBA entrance exams, Reasoning appears as a separate section altogether. WEIGHTAGE FOR REASONING: Reasoning has been gaining importance in CAT over the last four years as is evident from Table - I given below, which gives The distribution of questions across various topics over last few years. TABLE - I
Topic Ordering & Sequencing Seating Arrangement Blood Relations Distribution QBR Selections Venn Diagram Routes & Networks Calendars Binary logic Deductions Connectives General Total Marks Nov 2004 Feb 2004 9 4 1 1 2 17 Nov 2003 3 4 12 2 21 Nov 2002 Nov 2001 3 1 3 3 5 1 1 4 21

1 4(8 marks) 4(8 marks) 1 18

4 1 1 1 7

What you need to crack Reasoning questions (1) A sound knowledge of the fundamentals: Whatever be the concept on which a question is based, a good grasp of the basic rules or methodology is the most important prerequisite to solve the question. For handling questions based on deductions, the candidate should be well versed with the basic rules of logic, syllogism, the distribution table and the venn diagrams approach. Similarly, for handling questions based on connectives, a knowledge of implications is a must. To crack questions based on analytical reasoning, a knowldege of how to make an arrangement and an acquaintance with a variety of problems is indispensible. (2) The correct approach: While solving problems, it is important to identify the concept involved early on. Do rough work using symbols, keeping the question and the choices in mind. Many a times, a question can be answered midway i.e., by using a part of the information and by eliminating choices, rather than completing the arrangement. The part of the arrangement that is not directly connected with the question should be kept aside. Hence, it is important to identify the correct approach to be used, and the level upto which an arrangement should be made. This will enable the test taker to identify the correct answer in as short a time as is possible. (3) Continuous thinking and evaluation: If you are not able to understand a condition/instruction or dont know what to do with it, then instead of spending a lot of time mulling over it, you should immediately move on to the next condition/ instruction. Also, while analysing a statement, you should think of every possible way in which the condition/instruction can be represented or the different arrangements which can be made. TYPES OF QUESTIONS & THEIR WEIGHTAGE:From the point of view of examinations like CAT, Reasoning can be divided into three areas (I) Logical, (II) Analytical, and (III) Critical. Let us take a look at each of these areas in turn. (I) LOGICAL REASONING: Essentially, this area will consist of two topics (a) Logical Deductions, and (b) Logical Connectives. (a)Logical Deductions: Questions based on this topic last appeared in CAT 2001, although such questions are common in other MBA entrance exams, viz CET, JMET, MAT, etc. In these type of questions, two statements (called premises) are given and a conclusion which logically follows from both the statements, has to be drawn . Here, two approaches can be used (i) Venn Diagrams, and (ii) Syllogisms. The latter is preferred because of accuracy and speed. At times, in other MBA entrance exams, more than two statements (premises) are given and a conclusion has to be drawn from them. Venn diagrams is the best approach for this type.

(b) Logical Connectives: A connective is used to connect two or more simple statements. Assuming p and q to be simple statments, we get the following major connectives: (i) If p, then q (ii) Whenever p, then q (iii) Either p or q (iv) Unless p, then q (v) Only if p, then q (vi) p and q.From any statement which consists of a connective, the student must draw certain inplications. Hence, connectives may appear as an individual question or may at times be included in puzzles in order to specify a condition. Apart from being frequently given in CAT, connectives appear in other MBA entrance exams too. When connecting two statements with a connective, it is important to identify the p and q statements and apply the implications. The literal meaning of the statements should be ignored. This saves a lot of time and reduces, to a great extent, the chances of committing errors. Negations: A negation of a statement is in simple words, a contradiction of that statement or the exact opposite of that statement. Hence, I will go is negated as I will not go and He did not come yesterday is negated as He came yesterday. Questions on negations have appeared in MBA entrance exams other than CAT. (II) ANALYTICAL REASONING: This area essentially consists of puzzles which can be classified into various topics, as explained below. Two things must be borne in mind while solving puzzles: (i) Analyse each statement/condition and convert it into symbolic notation, so as to give an arrangement. (ii) Take all possible arrangements into account, while making arrangements. The following are the various topics under Analytical Reasoning (A) LINEAR SEQUENCING : Certain entities are arranged in a row as per the instructions/conditions given in the question. The statements/conditions provide information about the position of these entities, with respect to other entities or with respect to positions in the row. Proper care should be taken when interpreting the details mentioned in such statements. (B) SEATING ARRANGEMENT: Questions of this type, describe people seated around a table (which could be of any regular shape circular, rectangular, square, hexagonal, etc) or in a row or in rows and columns. If the persons are seated in a row, the problem reduces to one on linear sequencing, but if they are seated around a table, the shape of the table, the number of people on each side of the table (in the case of a rectangular or hexagonal table) or around a circular table, and other details should be considered. (C) DISTRIBUTION/DOUBLE LINE-UP: In such problems, various elements under certain groups are matched and they form certain combinations with the elements in the other groups. Sometimes, a grid is formed and with the help of and in various rows and columns, the combinations between the elements can be formed. In solving such questions, the student is better off drawing a table where groups are written in columns. The table should then be filled up using the information provided and the required analysis should be done. (D) SELECTIONS: In these type of problems, a certain number of people (or things) have to be selected out of a group, conforming to the conditions mentioned. Many a time, these conditions consist of connectives. For example, in a condition like If A is selected, then B is not selected, you have to consider the implications and verify the choices. The correct answer choice should not violate any of the given conditions. (E) ORDERING & SEQUENCING: In these types of problems, some people or things are compared with each other in terms of a measurable parameter (like height, weight, age, speed, marks, etc,). Also, in certain questions, some people or things are arranged in a particular sequence. (F) ROUTES & NETWORKS: Usually in such problems, certain places are connected with each other with the help of oneway or two-way roads. When solving these kinds of problems, the student should draw a diagram of the network. While tracing routes, the focus should be on the direction of the incoming & the outgoing arrow marks. (G) BINARY LOGIC: Such types of questions are gaining popularity in various MBA entrance exams and also in Campus Recruitment aptitude tests. In these types of questions, we may encounter some people (say three), each belonging to a different race/type/tribe/variety, namely (i) Truth-tellers, (ii) Liars, and (iii) Alternators. Truthtellers are those who always tell the truth, liars always speak lies and the alternators alternate between the truth and lies, in any order. Some questions may consist of people belonging to the same race. For example, each of the three persons is an alternator. While tackling problems which consist of a person belonging to a different type out of the three types, you should look for two contradicting statements and then assume one of them to be true and continue making the arrangement. Alternately, one person can be assumed to be the truth-teller and an arrangement should be made by verifying the

status of each statement. If the arrangement gives rise to a contradiction or is in disagreement with the instructions, it will mean that our initial assumption regarding the truth-teller is wrong. Hence, we will then assume the second person to be the truth-teller, and so on. (H) CUBES: There are various categories of questions which are asked based on cubes : (i) when the number of cuts made to the cube is given and the maximum number of identical pieces is to be found; (ii) when the number of identical pieces is given and the least number of cuts required to produce them is to be found; (iii) colouring a cube with three colours either each pair of opposite faces is coloured the same or each pair of adjacent faces is coloured the same; (iv) throwing one die or two dice and questions based on identifying various faces as per the given diagrams (mostly three diagrams showing three different positions); (v) placing two dice one above the other or side by side. Questions on these are asked in various entrance exams. (I) VENN DIAGRAMS: This is one of the most popular topics and questions pertain to two sets, three sets or four sets. Most of the questions that have been asked in the CAT consist of three sets. Certain details must be taken care of when answering these questions. For example, if there are three sets A, B and C, then the number of elements belonging to ONLY the sets A & B will not include the number of elements belonging to set C, whereas the number of elements belonging to sets A & B (observe that the word only is not mentioned), will also include those in set C. These types of questions pertain to the four primary directions (North, South, East, West). These (J) DIRECTIONS: questions give the details of a persons tour. It is recommended that a diagram be drawn and the Pythagorean theorem be used to calculate the distances, mostly between the starting point and the terminating point. (K) BLOOD RELATIONS: This is a question type, in which the questions are based on family tree. This question type is a fairly regular feature on most MBA entrance exams (other than CAT) and Campus Recruitment tests. It is has also been given in CAT once in a way. The questions are generally related to the following five generations (i) Grandparents, (ii) Parents, (iii) Siblings, (iv) Children; and (v) Grand children. The student must draw a diagram of the family tree, representing the persons in the question, generation-wise, so as to get clarity and answer all the questions with regard to the relationships between these persons. (L) CALENDERS: There are two types of questions which are covered under this topic (i) when a date and the weekday on which it falls is given and the student is required to find the weekday on which another date (as asked in the question) falls. (ii) when there is only a date given and a question is asked about which day of the week it falls on. (M) QUANT-BASED REASONING: Reasoning questions in CAT often consist of some numbers or numerals, where basic concepts of Reasoning are used to arrange the data. In such questions, the student, apart from employing analytical skills, has to demostrate basic quantitative aptitude. MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS WHICH APPEAR IN MBA ENTRANCE THAN CAT: Following are some more topics which generally appear in other MBA entrance exams. (i) Coding Decoding. (ii) Number Series. (iii) Letter Series. (iv) Analogies. (v) Odd man out. (vi) Non-verbal Reasoning. (vii) Input and Output. (viii) Decision Making. (III) CRITICAL REASONING: Certain questions in CAT and other MBA examinations are designed to test a students perception and comprehension of certain set of statements or a short passage. The questions may take the following forms: (i) Which of the following can be inferred? (ii) Which of the following is a valid assumption? (iii) Which of the following will strongly support the argument of the author? (iv)Based on the given information, which of the following is a paradox? etc. The passages/statements are generally not lengthy in MBA entrance exams other than CAT. EXAMS OTHER

Test Ref: TEP0504


DIRECTIONS for questions 1 to 10: Select the correct alternative from the given choices.

Time: 60 minutes

1. Before going for a party Dr. Dolittle ordered the three musketeers, Tom, Jerry and Donald to keep watch on the three gluttonous pets - the cat, the dog and the bear. After the party got over, Dr. Dolittle reached back home to find that three items viz, milk, meat and honey were missing from the refrigerator. He then asked the musketeers what happened to the three items. Following were the replies of the three musketeers. Tom : The cat drank the milk. The dog ate the meat. The bear had the honey. Jerry : The dog ate the meat. The bear had the honey. The cat did not drink the milk. Donald : The dog did not have the honey. The bear did not drink the milk. The cat did not eat the meat. The statements made by each of the musketeers were alternately true and false but which comes first is uncertain. If each pet ate exactly one of the three items, can you help Dr. Dolittle find who had the honey? (1) The cat (2) The dog (3) The bear (4) Cannot be determined 2. There are exactly four married couples among four men - Pradeep, Pavan, Kamal and Ranjeet and four women Radha, Puja, Leena and Rama. Each couple owns a car of a different colour from among Yellow, Green, Red and Blue. Pradeeps car is not painted Red or Yellow. Ranjeet is Pujas husband. Leena owns a Green car. Neither Radhas car nor Ramas car is painted Yellow. Neither Pavans car nor Ramas car is painted Blue. Which of the following additional information is required to know the names of the pair of spouses and colours of the cars owned by them? (1) Radhas car is painted Blue. (2) Ranjeets car is painted Yellow. (3) Leena is Kamals wife. (4) Pradeep is Radhas husband. 3. Five persons - Krishna, Rahim, John, Joseph and Ram - are standing in a line for a photograph. If Ram is exactly between Joseph and John, then Krishna is to the immediate right of John. If John is exactly between Rahim and Joseph, then Ram is to the immediate left of Rahim. If Ram is to the right of John, then John is exactly between Rahim and Joseph. If John is to the right of Krishna, then Ram is to the right of John. Rahim is at one end of the row and Krishna is next to neither Rahim nor Joseph. Which of the following statements is true? I. Joseph is between Ram and Rahim. II. Krishna is at one of the ends. III. John is to the immediate right of Ram. (1) Only I and II (2) Only II and III (3) Only I and III (4) I, II and III 4. In the business street of a town, there are five buildings in a row, each of which is occupied by a different company. The total number of floors that five buildings have are 9, 10, 13 and 14 in such a way that all the buildings have different total number of floors, except the two buildings which have 13 floors each. Names of the companies which have occupied these buildings are Hutch, Airtel, BPL, BSNL and Tatatel. Sum of the number of floors of two adjacent buildings is 23, in two instances. No two adjacent buildings have the same number of floors. Tatatel, which has 14 floors, is at the extreme left end of the street. The office of Airtel is exactly between the offices of Hutch and BSNL. Neither Hutch nor BSNL is in the building which has 9 floors. What is the number of floors of the building in which Airtel has its office? (1) 13 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) Cannot be determined 5. Four persons A, B, C and D participated in two races [Race-I and Race-II]. Neither Race-I nor Race-II had two or more persons finishing the race at the same time. One person finished first in one race, and fourth in the other race. Exactly one person finished in the same position in both the races. Between B and C, whoever finishes later in Race-I finishes Race-II in the first position. Between A and D, whoever finishes later in RaceII finishes Race-I in the first position. B finished ahead of A in exactly one race. The position of A was not the same in both the races. Based on the information given above, can you find out the name of the person who finished first in Race-I? (1) A (2) B (3) Either A or B (4) Either C or D 6. Each of the five friends - Vijay, Vinay, Vikas, Vilas and Venkat owns a different car among - Uno, Indica, Matiz, Maruti and Santro. Each car has a different colour among Black, Blue, Green, Yellow and Red. The colour of Vijays car is Red. Vikas owns neither Maruti nor Matiz. Vinay owns neither Maruti nor Matiz. The colour of Vikass car is Green. Venkat owns an Uno. Indicas colour is Black. Matiz is painted neither Yellow nor Red. Which of the following statements must be false? (1) Vijay owns a Maruti. (2) Vikas owns a Santro. (3) Venkat owns the Yellow car. (4) Vilas owns the Green car.

7. Every time Grant the Ant hears a whistle from her maternal uncle, she takes a right turn and continues travelling. After she travels twice as much distance as she just covered in the previous direction, her uncle blows the whistle again. Grant started at a point and proceeded in a northerly direction. She heard the first whistle from her uncle after she covered 1 km. How far is Grant from the starting point immediately after she heard the sixth whistle from her uncle? (1) 6 km to the West and 13 km to the North. (2) 26 km to the East and 13 km to the North. (3) 26 km to the East and 3 km to the North. (4) 5 km to the West and 3 km to the North. 8. How am I related to my fathers mothers only daughter-in-laws sisters fathers only son? (1) Nephew (2) Niece (3) Uncle (4) Cannot be determined 9. Given below are three logical statements: (A) If all Dogs are Cats, then some Dogs are Rats. (B) No Dog is a Cat, unless some Cats are Rats. (C) Only if some Cats are Rats, some Dogs are Rats. If all the above three statements are true, then which of the following need not be true? (1) All Cats are Rats (2) No Dog is Rat (3) All Dogs are Rats (4) All Dogs are Cats 10. After their dismal performance in the World Cup, the rejected and the dejected foursome Tendu, Gangu, Dravid and Viru decide to play a few games among themselves . They play Tippy Tippy Tap, Hide and Seek, Pillar Pillar and Kabaddi. All four of them play all the four games mentioned above. No two persons are ranked the same in any single game and no person gets the same rank in any two games. Further, the following information is known; (A) Tendu is neither the winner nor the 3 rd runner-up in Hide and Seek, and Gangu is neither the 1st runner-up nor the 3rd runner-up in Tippy Tippy Tap. (B) Dravid is neither the 3 rd runner-up nor the winner in Pillar Pillar and Viru is neither the 3rd runner-up nor the winner in Kabbadi. (C) Gangu is neither the winner nor the 2 nd runner-up in Pillar Pillar and Dravid is neither the winner nor the 2nd runner-up in Hide and Seek. (D) Viru is neither the winner nor the 3 rd runner-up in Tippy Tippy Tap and Tendu is neither the 3rd runner-up nor the 1st runner up in Kabaddi. If Dravids rank is better then Tendus rank in Kabaddi, then which of the following statements must be false? (1) Tendu is the winner in Pillar Pillar. (2) Gangu is the 2nd runner-up in Hide and Seek. (3) Dravid is ranked higher than Viru in Tippy Tippy Tap. (4) None of the above. DIRECTIONS for questions 11 and 12: Five items Geyser, Cooking Range, Fridge, Washing Machine and an AC are each manufactured by a different company among Godrej, LG, Videocon, Samsung and Hitachi. The following information is also known about them. (i) Each of the items has a distinct warranty period ranging from 1 to 5 years. (ii) Geyser is not manufactured by LG, does not have the maximum or minimum war ranty and it is also not the costliest. (iii) AC has the maximum warranty of 5 years, is cheaper than 3 of the items and is manufactured by Hitachi. (iv) Cooking Range is not manufactured by Godrej or Videocon, it has a warranty of 2 years and is priced at Rs.6,000. (v) Washing Machine is manufactured by Samsung, and it has a warranty of 3 years and i s cheaper than the Fridge. (vi) Geyser costs Rs.2000 more than the Cooking Range and its cost is the average of all the items put together. (vii) The Washing Machine and the AC cost 90% and 70% of the Fridge, respectively, and it is known that the item manufactured by Videocon is the costliest. 11. Which company manufactures the Geyser? (1) Godrej (2) Videocon (3) Samsung 12. What is the cost of the item having the least warranty? (1) Rs.10,000 (2) Rs.9,000 (3) Rs.8,000 (4) Cannot be determined (4) Cannot be determined

DIRECTIONS for questions 13 to 15: Praful and Karan have a bad habit each. Praful tells lies on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays (but speaks the truth on the other days of the week) whereas Karan tells lies on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays (but speaks the truth on the other days of the week). Umesh is a common friend of Praful and Karan.

13. On one day, when Umesh wanted to find out what day of the week was it, he met only Praful who made the following two statements: I. I lied yesterday. II. I will lie two days after tomorrow. What day of the week was it on this day? (1) Monday (2) Tuesday (3) Wednesday (4) Thursday 14. On what day(s) of the week is it possible for Praful to make the following two statements? I. I lied yesterday . II. I will lie tomorrow. (1) Monday (2) Wednesday (3) Either (1) or (2) (4) No such day is possible 15. One day Umesh met two cousins of Praful - Archna and Rachna. One of them behaves similar to Praful, who tells lies on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays (and speaks the truth on the other days of the week) and the other behaves sililar Karan, who tells lies on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays (and speaks the truth on the other days of the week). But Umesh does not know who behaves similar to Praful and who behaves similar to Karan. He also does not know what day of the week it is. They introduced themselves to him one by one: First One : I am Archna Second One : I am Rachna Which of the following statements is true? (1) The first one is Archna. (2) The first one is Rachna. (3) Insufficient data to deduce. (4) Inconsistent data. DIRECTIONS for questions 16 to 18: In a laboratory, four animals are tested, each with a different medicine out of four kinds of medicinal formulae P, Q, R and S. The animals available for the test are a rat, a rabbit, a cat and a monkey. S cannot be tested on rats. P cannot be tested on rabbits. R cannot be tested on cats. Q cannot be tested on monkeys. 16. Which of the following additional information will not be sufficient to decide the medicinal formulae to be used on different animals? (1) P and S cannot be tested on cats and monkeys. (2) Q and R cannot be tested on rabbits and rats. (3) P and S cannot be tested on rats and rabbits. (4) P and S cannot be tested on rabbits and cats. 17. If neither rats can be tested with Q or S nor cats can be tested with Q or S, then which of the following can be used on neither rabbits nor cats? (1) Only P (2) Only Q (3) P and Q (4) S 18. Either R and Q or P and R are used to test on the cats and the rabbits, then which of the following can be tested on cats? (1) Only P (2) Only Q (3) Only R (4) Either P or Q DIRECTIONS for questions 19 to 21: Deeptha comes to college on her scooter or in her fathers Ambassador or in her friends Maruti. She has college from Monday through Saturday and Sunday is a holiday. The modes of conveyance she uses satisfy the following conditions. I. She does not use the same mode of conveyance for more than two consecutive working days. II. Every Monday, she comes in her friends Maruti. III. On Saturdays, her fathers Ambassador is not available. IV. If she comes in her friends Maruti on one day, she has to use her scooter the next day she goes to college. V. If Deeptha uses any mode of conveyance on two consecutive working days, the mode of conveyance she uses immediately after these two days cannot be the same as the one she used on the day immediately preceding these two days. 19. If Deeptha used the Ambassador on Thursday and her Scooter on Friday, then which of the following is not true? (1) She must have used her scooter on Wednesday. (2) She must used her scooter on Saturday. (3) She could have used the Ambassador on Wednesday. (4) None of the above 20. If Deeptha used her scooter on a particular Friday, then which of the following statements is/are true? I. She must have used the Ambassador on Thursday. II. She must have used her scooter on Wednesday. III. She must have used the Ambassador on Wednesday. (1) Only I (2) Only I and II (3) Only I and III (4) Only II 21. In how many different ways can Deeptha select her weekly conveyance schedule? (1) 7 (2) 8 (3) 9 (4) None of these

DIRECTIONS for questions 22 and 23: Each of three men Gabbar, Shakaal and Mogambo got married to exactly one woman amongst Basanthi, Mehbooba and Dhanno, not necessarily in that order. Each couple has only one son among Bachhu, Chaanta and Tapori. The following information is known about them. (A) The first one to get married among the men was Gabbar, who got married in February, 2000. (B) Basanthi got married 6 months after Dhanno got married. (C) Tapori is the youngest. (D) Bachhu was born 16 months after his parents marriage, but not to Basanthi. (E) The last man to get married was Mogambo, who got married in September, 2000 and was blessed with a son after 16 months of marriage. (F) Mehbooba gave birth to a child 2 years after her marriage. (G) Chaanta was born in January, 2002. (H) No boy was born within one year of his parents marriage, and definitely not in any month between August to December, including both these months. 22. Which of the following is a correct family? (1) Mogambo, Dhanno, Tapori (2) Shaakal, Mehbooba, Bachhu. (3) Gabbar, Mehbooba, Tapori. (4) Shaakal, Dhanno, Chaanta. 23. Bachhu was born in (1) January, 2002. (2) February, 2002. (3) July, 2002. (4) September, 2002.

DIRECTIONS for questions 24 and 25: Some children in a colony read novels of the following characters Hardy Boys, Famous Five, Secret Seven and Nancy Drew. Each novel is read by the same number of children. The number of children who do not read Nancy Drew is 40, which is equal to the number of children who read Hardy Boys. The number of children who read both Hardy Boys and Famous Five is 20, which is equal to those who read both Secret Seven and Nancy Drew. Number of children who read all the four novels is one. The number of children who read neither Hardy Boys nor Famous Five, but read both Secret Seven and Nancy Drew is nine and is equal to those who read neither Secret Seven nor Nancy Drew but read both Hardy Boys and Famous Five. The number of children who read exactly one book is 20. 24. How many children read exactly three out of the four novels? (1) 10 (2) 20 (3) 40 25. How many children read at least one of the four novels? (1) 80 (2) 79 (3) 70 (4) Cannot be determined (4) None of these

DIRECTIONS for questions 26 and 27: Among the marriages conducted for poor people by the Association for Troubled Lovers five grooms - Ranjha, Majnu, Romeo, Farhaad and Devdas get married to the brides Heer, Laila, Juliet, Siri and Paaro, not necessarily in the same order. Each man marries exactly one woman and vice versa. Ten days after the marriages took place, the marriage registrar lost the records of these marriages, but remembered only the following information in connection with these five marriages: (a) Either Laila married Romeo or Ranjha married Heer. (b) Farhaad married either Paaro or Heer. (c) Devdas marries Juliet only in case Paaro marries Farhaad. (d) Ranjha and Romeo married Laila and Siri, not necessarily in the same order. (e) Majnu does not marry Juliet. 26. Which of the following is a correct married couple? (1) Heer Ranjha (2) Farhaad Paaro (3) Romeo Juliet (4) Paaro Majnu

27. If the condition (a) is replaced by Heer married Romeo only if Laila married Ranjha then who married Siri? (1) Ranjha (2) Romeo (3) Majnu (4) Cannot be determined DIRECTIONS for questions 28 and 29: In order to save the world from the hands of evil forces, eight superheroes are sitting around a circular table to plan their strategy. It was known that Batman and Robin neither sat on adjacent seats nor directly opposite to each other. Superman sits besides Flash Gordon and opposite to Heman while Mandrake sat directly opposite to Phantom who sits adjacent to Superman. 28. The eighth hero, Spiderman, must be sitting next to (1) Batman (2) Robin (3) Phantom 29. Which of the following statements must be true? (1) Batman sits to the left of Heman. (2) Robin sits to the left of Flash Gordon. (3) Spiderman sits to the right of Phantom. (4) None of these (4) Heman

DIRECTIONS for questions 30 and 31: In the Mini - World Cup, played at Bulawayo, five cricket teams viz. Australia, South Africa, India, New Zealand and Pakistan participated in the tournament. Each team has to play exactly one match with each of the other teams. If a team wins a match, it is awarded 2 points and gets no points for losing a match. In case a match is a tie, then each of the two teams playing the match would be awarded 1 point. None of the matches scheduled were abandoned. After the tournament was over, it was known that the total sum of the points scored by some pairs of two teams is as follows: (i) Australia + India = 12 (ii) India + South Africa = 11 (iii) New Zealand + India = 10 (iv) India + Pakistan = 8 Also, it is known that there were two ties in the tournament. 30. If it is known that South Africa won a match against Australia, then New Zealand tied their match with which of the following teams? (1) Australia (2) India (3) Pakistan (4) Cannot be determined 31. How many total arrangements of wins and ties are possible? (1) 24 (2) 6 (3) 4 (4) None of these

DIRECTIONS for questions 32 and 33: Between two persons, A and B, there is one apple and one banana. When I asked them as to who among them has the apple, they made two statements each in reply: A: B has the apple. B has the banana. B: A doesnt have the banana. A has the apple. It is known that at least one of A and B makes at least one false statement. 32. Which of the following statements must be true? (1) Each of A and B makes at least one true statement. (2) At least one of A and B makes at least one true statement. (3) Neither A nor B makes even one true statement. (4) Both A and B make at least one true and at least one false statement. 33. If it is also known that each of A and B makes at least one true statement, then which of the following statements must be true? (1) Each of the statements made by A and B are true. (2) Both the statements made by exactly one person out of A and B must be true. (3) Each of A and B makes at least one false statement. (4) B has the banana as well as the apple with him. DIRECTIONS for questions 34 and 35: Four friends Andy, Brandy, Candy and Dandy gave me the following information about the comparisons between their heights, weights, ages and richness. Andy : I am elder to Brandy. Candy is heavier than Dandy. Brandy : Candy is taller than Dandy. Andy is the richest. Candy : Brandy is heavier than me. I am not the eldest. Dandy : Andy is not the eldest. I am not the poorest. Each person among them always alternates between truth and lie, in any order. Each person must be ranked first in only one of the comparisons, in such a way that the eldest, the heaviest, the richest and the tallest persons are ranked first and the youngest, the lightest, the poorest and the shortest persons are ranked fourth and so on. No person gets the same rank in any two comparisons, and no two persons are ranked the same in any one comparison. Also, I was provided with the following facts: Andy is the richest, but not the youngest. Brandy is the shortest, but not the heaviest. The poorest among them is not the third eldest. The second richest is also the second shortest. 34. Who among the following is the second tallest? (1) Andy (2) Candy (3) Dandy (4) Cannot be determined

35. Which among the following is the correct order from the heaviest to the lightest? (1) Andy, Brandy, Candy, Dandy (2) Brandy, Candy, Dandy, Andy (3) Dandy, Brandy, Andy, Candy (4) Candy, Brandy, Dandy, Andy DIRECTIONS for questions 36 and 37: These questions are based on the data given below. Each face of a cube is coloured with exactly one colour from among Red, Blue and Green. 36. In how many ways can all the faces of the cube be coloured such that exactly two faces are coloured Blue? (1) 16 (2) 10 (3) 15 (4) None of these

37. In how many ways can all the faces of the cube be coloured such that the number of faces painted Blue is either 2 or 3? (1) 10 (2) 24 (3) 26 (4) None of these DIRECTIONS for questions 38 to 40: Select the correct alternative from the given choices. 38. A cube is cut into 64 small identical cubes. If 7 litres of paint is required to colour the total surface area of the large cube, then how much paint will be required to colour all 64 small cubes, such that each small cube has only 5 sides coloured? (1) 10 litres (2) 25 litres (3) 30 litres (4) None of these 39. A watch was running 14 minutes late at 6 am on a Saturday. Exactly one week later, it was running 28 minutes fast. If the clock gained time uniformly, then what was the actual time when the clock showed 6.07 pm on Tuesday? (1) 5 : 58 pm (2) 6 : 00 pm (3) 6 : 01 pm (4) 6 : 02 pm 40. If 15th August, 2018 will be a Wednesday, then what was the day on 26th January, 1977? (1) Tuesday (2) Wednesday (3) Thursday (4) None of these DIRECTIONS for questions 41 and 42: A lane has five houses in a row, each of a different colour among Yellow, Green, White, Blue and Red, occupied by five gentlemen Alfa, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Theta, not necessarily in that order. Amongst these is a Hindu, a Muslim, a Sikh, a Christian and a Jain. Each of these gentlemen smokes a unique item and owns a unique pet, as mentioned in the instructions below. Only one amongst the five is a non-smoker. (A) Gamma is a pipe smoker whereas Beta, who lives in the Blue house, smokes Bidis. (B) The Ant-owner who is a Jain is a non-smoker while the Rhino-owner who is a Sikh lives in the White house. (C) The Dinosaur lives in the Green house along with the Hindu who smokes Cigars. (D) The Yellow house belongs to the Christian who smokes a Cigarette. (E) Delta is not the Hindu and Theta is the Jain. (F) There is an Anaconda and a Tyrannosaur among the five pets. 41. It is known that if Delta owns the Anaconda, then the Rhino-owner smokes Bidis, then who owns the Tyrannosaur? (1) Alpha (2) Delta (3) Gamma (4) Beta 42. Which of the following statements is/are definitely false? A: The Muslim lives in the Blue house and smokes a Pipe. B: The Christian owns the Anaconda and the Sikh owns the Rhino. C: The Ant-owner lives in the Red house and does not smoke. (1) Only A (2) Only A and B (3) Only C (4) A, B and C DIRECTIONS for questions 43 to 46: Select the correct alternatives from the given choices. 43. The thing to note about politicians announcing road projects is that they do exactly what public choice theory predicts. According to public choice theory, politicians are interested only in re-election and will spend resources in such a way that gets them maximum electoral mileage. For this reason, public choice theory warns against relying excessively on the political market for resource allocation. India has allowed the state to monopolise roads, and this political allocation of resources continues to remain a disaster. It is therefore no surprise that, since the minister concerned hails from Bihar, this state has received a disproportionate share of his political largesse. On the basis of the above paragraph, which of the following can be a solution to the problem of the lack of sufficient and proper highways in our country? (1) Allowing private sector into highway construction and operating. (2) Make strict laws to ensure equitable distribution of funds to various states for development of highways. (3) Take away the powers of fund-allocation from politicians and give them to bureaucrats. (4) Allot much more funds for development of highways. 44. The central management challenge in customer-intimate companies is to assemble, integrate, and retain talented people who can stay at the forefront of new paradigms and techniques that affect their clients business. Good ideas today are cheap, a dime a dozen in our real-time, inter networked, fast-paced world. Brilliant concepts and practices are disseminated with stunning speed. Todays business magazines are so on top of new developments that they now describe the latest innovations long before the Harvard Business School can get around to writing a case study about them. Which of the following can we conclude on the basis of the above paragraph? (1) Unless an organisation keeps pace with technological developments, it cannot survive in the market. (2) In this fast-paced world, there is no scope to copy others ideas. (3) What matters in the competitive environment is people with the ability to imple ment the ideas. (4) The world is less challenging today than in the past because new ideas are known to everybody in a short period of time.

45. Pessimists are linking higher fiscal deficit with plan investment. They assume that higher deficit will be met through a cut in the plan investment. Chances of pruning the plan investment for the third consecutive year are remote. Pruning public expenditure at this juncture is like committing harakiri for the simple reason that the economy has started showing signs of recovery. Which of the following can we infer from the above paragraph? (1) The government is not completely committed to economic recovery. (2) There were high levels of fiscal deficit last year also which the government tried to meet through pruning plan investment. (3) Pessimists predictions were proved right in the past. (4) Higher plan investment is the main reason for high fiscal deficit. 46. Marxists believe that they have developed a scientific view of the nature of man. As a social being his nature is determined by the way in which necessities of life are produced. His consciousness is a function of his social situation. His mentality is the superstructure built on the foundation of the economic relations. Which of the following can be a valid inference from the above passage? (1) Religion is redundant for the existence of man. (2) Economic transactions have no place in explaining the behaviour of man as per communism. (3) Means of production and socio-economic transactions play a major role in shaping the contents of the consciousness of a man. (4) Marx advocated atheism. DIRECTIONS for questions 47 to 49: Select the correct alternative from the given choices. 47. Five friends A, B, C, D and E wear five different coloured shirts Red, White, Green, Blue, and Black (not necessarily in that order) and five different coloured trousers Red, White, Green, Blue and Black (not necessarily in that order) such that no person wears a shirt and a trouser of the same colour. It is known that neither B nor E wears the Blue trousers, while A wears the Black shirt. A person has to wear only White or Blue shirt with White or Blue trousers. Which of the following gives a correct combination of the colour of As trouser and the person wearing the Blue trouser, given that D wears the Green shirt but not the Black trousers? (1) Green, D (2) Green, C (3) Red, D (4) Cannot be determined 48. If 24/11/2002 happens to be a Sunday, then on what date would the second Sunday of December 5002 fall? (1) 12th December (2) 11th December (3) 14th December (4) 10th December 49. Two friends Dardedil and Dardejigar visit Dr. Dardnaak to cure their ailments. Each of the two friends is suffering from exactly one ailment out of stomach-ache, head-ache and heart-pain. Each person suffers with a different ailment. Also the following details are known : (A) If Dardedil has heart-pain, then the Dardejigar also has heart-pain. (B) Dardejigar will not have stomach-ache unless Dardedil has heart-pain. (C) Dardejigar will not have head-ache only in case Dardedil has heart-pain. Which of the following statements must be true? (1) Dardedil is suffering from heart-pain. (2) Dardejigar is suffering with stomach-ache. (3) Dardejigar is suffering with head-ache. (4) None of these 50. Dardnaak, Khaufnaak and Khatarnaak are three cowboys, each belonging to exactly one district amongst Aanpur, Baanpur and Shaanpur. Each of them is a master in warfare with exactly one weapon amongst Desi Katta, Rampuri Chakku and Nanchak. Each of the cowboy has exactly one title amongst The Good, The Bad and The Ugly. None of the characteristics mentioned above is common to any two persons and the orders in which the districts, the weapons and the titles are mentioned above need not be the same as the order in which the names of these cowboys are mentioned. Further the following data is available about these three volatile personalities: (A) Khatarnaak is not from Aanpur and does not use Nanchak. (B) Khaufnaak is not from Shaanpur and does not have the title The Good. (C) The person who uses Rampuri Chakku is from Aanpur, but does not have the title The Bad. (D) The person who uses Desi Katta is not The Bad. (E) Khatarnaak is not from Shaanpur. Which of the following statements must be true? (1) Dardnaak, Khaufnaak and Khatarnaak have the titles. The Good The Bad and the The Ugly respectively. (2) Khaufnaak, Khatarnaak and Dardnaak use the weapons Rampuri Chakku, Desi Katta and Nanchak respectively. (3) Khatarnaak, Khaufnaak and Dardnaak belong to Shaanpur, Baanpur and Aanpur, respectively. (4) None of these

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