DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN

INDIA
Kat Asbury Janna Dudark Christin King Olivia Ochoa Meagan Read Wing-Sze Wong

MIGRATION
Wing-Sze Wong

FERTILITY
CHRISTIN KING

Just a few numbers

Births per 1,000 Population: 24 Deaths per 1,000 Population: 8 Rate of Natural Increase (Percent): 1.6 Projected Population, 2025: 1,391,200,000 Projected Population, 2050: 1,747,300,000 Projected Pop. Change 2007-2050 (%): 54 Infant Deaths per 1,000 Live Births: 58 Lifetime Births per Woman (TFR): 2.9 Population Age <15 (%): 33 Population Age 65+ (%): 5 Life Expectancy at Birth, Total: 64 Life Expectancy at Birth, Male: 63 Life Expectancy at Birth, Female: 64 Urban Population (%): 28 HIV/AIDS Among Adult Population, Ages 15-49, 2005/2006 (%): 0.4

So, what?!
Son brings benefits: Increases family size Carries on the family tradition Takes care of elders Daughter brings costs: Cant do as much labor Does not carry on the family name Nearly 2/3 of the population depends on agriculture to survive Environmental issues: Pollution, trash Natural disasters Droughts, flash floods, earthquakes, severe thunderstorms Chaos

Whats the deal?

Population (July 2007): 2,973,190 1.05 males to every female Sex ratio: 933/1,000 Total Fertility Rate (TFR): 3.24 children born to every woman The majority of the population is between the ages of 15-64

EDUCATION, INCOME, & POVERTY

JANNA DUDARK

GENERAL LITERACY
Overall literacy rate in India is 61% Indian definition of literacy is a person aged 7 and above who can both read and write with understanding. 73% of all males and 48% of all females classified as literate
In most countries, females are generally less literate than males for several reasons.

EDUCATION LEVELS
Primary Education
Legal guarantee in India for all children ages 610 97% of Indian children attend

Secondary Education
For children ages 11-17 71% of countrys children take part at this level

Tertiary Education (College)

Adults aged 18+ Only 12%; however this is over 30 million people in 16,885 nationwide colleges Educated individuals more likely to live in urban areas

INCOME AND POVERTY

Amount of population that was below the poverty line in 2002 was 25%. The mean annual household income is 34,551 rupees, or approximately $735 dollars in the United States. Unemployment rate in India is 7.8%, which falls roughly in the middle when compared with the worlds other countries.

79% of Indias population is rural and agrarian, and 37% of this rural population lives in poverty The richest tenth of all households owns 1/3rd of the entire countries wealth, with the poorest tenth of households only holds a mere 3%. The majority of money is found in the cities, as shown by Indias Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
54.6% in services (found in urban areas) 27.9% in industry (found in urban areas) 17.5% in agriculture (found in rural areas)

Yet almost 4/5 of the population is found in rural areas!!!

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

There is a positive correlation between education level and urban-rural living in India
More educated individual Less educated individual Urban living Rural living

The distribution of wealth was very skewed in the direction favoring richer, more urban households. Leads to the conclusion that having a higher education can lead to a higher income and lower poverty levels. Many countries share this same dynamic

RELIGION
KAT ASBURY

One of the most significant findings of the data has been the substantially higher growth rate of the Indian Muslim population as opposed to other communities - such as Jains, Sikhs, Buddhists and Hindus.
In the latter states, the differences are as high as 25-50%, and since the population of Muslims has increased at almost double the rate of Hindus in states like Assam, it simply reinforces the common suspicion that there has been a steady migration of economic refugees from Bangladesh into India.
The higher fertility and growth rates of the Muslims, when compared with the declining fertility and growth rates of the Hindus, have raised the potential threat of Muslims outnumbering Hindus.

The Board president Maulana Rabe Hasan Nadvi today rejected the very concept of family planning as being 'un-Islamic'. This conservative view has been reinforced by other clerical opinionmakers who have termed it as "contrary" to the tenets of Shari' at (Islamic jurisprudence). A common Hindu blessing is, May you be the mother of a hundred sons. But Hinduism has no official stance against birth control.

Muslim Proportion Percentage < 6 Jammu & Kashmir67% Assam 31%

Literacy Rate

15.4% (13.3) 47.3% (71.2) 22% (14.5) 48.4% (70)

West Bengal 25.2% Kerala UP Bihar Jharkhand India Karnataka 24.7% 18.5% 16.5% 13.8% 13.4% 12.2%

18.7% (12.7) 57.5% (72.4) 15% (10.8) 89.4% (90.2)

20.9% (18.6) 47.8% (58) 22% (19.9) 42% (47.9)

21.2% (17.9) 55.6% (54.6) 18.7% (15.6) 59.1% (65.1) 16.1% (13.3) 70.1% (65.6) 21.2% (15.4) 51.1% (74.1) 18.5% (14.3) 66.6% (82.8) 16.2% (14) 78.1% (76.2)

Uttaranchal 11.9% Delhi 11.7%

Maharashtra 10.6% Andhra Pradesh9.2% Gujarat Rajasthan Tripura Goa 9.1% 8.5% 8% 6.8%

14.9% (13.2) 68% (59.4) 15.7% (14.9) 73.5% (68.3) 21% (18.8) 18.6% (13) 56.6% (60.2) 60.9% (75.3)

15.2% (10.9) 75.4% (81.9) 17.9% (18) 70.3% (62.8)

Madhya Pradesh6.4% Haryana 5.8%

24.5% (15.4) 40% (69.4) 12.9% (11.5) 82.9% (72)

Tamil Nadu 5.6%

Table 2: Census information for 2001[][] Composition Hindus[6] Muslims[7] 13.43 36.0 936 59.1 31.3 953 907 950 Christians[8] Sikhs[9] 2.34 22.6 1009 80.3 39.7 1001 1026 964 1.87 18.2 893 69.4 37.7 895 886 786 Buddhist[10] Jains[11] 0.77 24.5 953 72.7 40.6 958 944 942 0.41 26 940 94.1 32.9 937 941 870 Others[12] 0.65 103.1 992 47.0 48.4 995 966 976

% total of population 2001 80.46 10-Yr Growth % (est '91'01) 20.3 Sex ratio* (avg. 933) Literacy rate (avg. 64.8) Work Participation Rate Rural sex ratio[13] Urban sex ratio[13] Child sex ratio (06 yrs) 931 65.1 40.4 944 894 925

However, some unofficial estimates claim a higher figure of Muslim population supposedly discounted in Censuses. For instance, in an interview with a well circulated newspaper of India The Hindu Justice K.M. Yusuf, a retired Judge from Calcutta High Court and Chairman of West Bengal Minority Commission, says that the real percentage of Muslims in India is at least 20%.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/8c/300px-India_decadal_growth_rate_map_en.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://www.answers.com/topic/demographics-of-india&h=339&w=300&sz=95&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=JrW3qrf

MORTALITY I & II
OLIVIA OCHOA Meagan Read

Indias Mortality
Two of the highest types of mortality that India is currently dealing with are maternal and infant. India has had long struggle with malaria, diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, ischemic heart disease, respiratory infections, and HIV/AIDS. These diseases are not only the leading causes of death in India, but they are also listed as six of the ten leading causes of death in the world.

Mortality
Very high India has 8.4 million deaths each year (the U.S. has 2.4 million deaths each year) The crude death rate= the number of yearly deaths per 1,000 people in a selected area. Crude death rate for India= 8.49

Maternal Mortality
One of Maternal mortality is the death of a woman during or couple of days after childbirth. Throughout the rural part of pregnant women are especially at risk of death. These soon to be mothers have to deal with poor health, unsafe births and inadequate access to quality healthcare. (UNICEF) Some leading causes of maternal death that should be taken into account are hypertension, anemia," bacterial infection, toxemia, obstetrical hemorrhage, and ectopic pregnancies. (UNICEF)

Infant Mortality
Another type of mortality that is an issue in India is infant mortality, which is the death of any child who was born alive but died before they reached on year of age. These infants usually suffer from dehydration from a diarrhoeal disease. Some other factors that contribute to infant mortality are pneumonia, congenital malformations, infections and sudden infant death syndrome. (Wikipedia, 2007)

Leading Diseases
Ischemic heart disease is the number one cause of death in the world. IHD is a cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death in India. -Cardiovascular diseases cause 3 million deaths
per year, which is 25% of the total mortality. (IHD is the leading cardiovascular disease). -People from India have a 40% higher risk of getting Ischemic heart disease than Europeans. -It is thought that low intakes of Vitamin B-6 and Folate and high intakes of Trans fatty acids may be a cause to this high level of Ischemic heart disease.

Leading Diseases
Respiratory Infections are the number three leading cause of death in the world as well as a leading cause of death in India.
-Respiratory Infections are responsible for up to 40% of all childhood illnesses -Respiratory Infections are responsible for 30% of all childhood deaths

Leading Diseases
HIV/AIDS is the number four leading cause of death in the world and a leading cause of death in India. -HIV/AIDS contributes to the majority of
mortality in India. -India has an AIDS epidemic since HIV was found in Chennai in 1986. -1 in every 8 people in India has HIV infection. -2 to 5 million people in India are infected with HIV

HIV/AIDS cont
-The highest rates of infection are found in the people who have high-risk behaviors such as sex workers, sexually transmitted disease patients, and intravenous drug users. -The epidemic is stimulated by both married and unmarried men having sex with sex workers who have high rates of infection. -Indian women know very little about AIDS (a majority of them have never even heard of it and many who have are confused on what the disease actually is). -These womens husbands will visit the sex workers and then their wives will contract the disease from them. *Education about AIDS could be very helpful with controlling the epidemic in India.*

Leading Diseases
Malaria is an infectious disease that is caused by an infectious parasite, which is transmitted by female mosquitoes.
The main reason that malaria became so widespread coincided with DDT shortages, which would have kept mosquitoes from spreading malaria and other insect-borne diseases.

Diarrhoeal disease is the leading cause of the high infant and child mortality in India.
The main reason that there are so many cases of diarrhoeal diseases in India is because of the inadequate sewage disposal and lack of safe drinking water. (DeNormandie and Sunita, 2002)

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is caused by myobacteria.

Most people believe that HIV/AIDS may be the leading threat in India, but it is actually tuberculosis

Other death causing diseases

Leprosy is a major and widespread health problem in India.
-Of all cases worldwide, 64% of them are from India. -India is 1 of the 9 countries in which leprosy is the highest. -For many years leprosy was a reason for someone to be excluded from society, the population and access to public health services. *In the 1990s, the Indian government integrated leprosy treatment into the regular health services allowing people to now obtain a diagnosis and treatment for the disease at most health facilities.*

Cancer
In India there are an approximated 1.5 to 2 million cases of cancer. There are 500,000 new cases each year. There are 300,000 deaths each year. Most common types: oral cancer (due to tobacco use), cervix cancer and breast cancer.

Decreasing Mortality
Although deaths have decreased in India over the decades, the mortality rates in India are still high.

The end!