2 Marks Question and Answers Unit-II

1) What is pictorial projection? It is the projection that gives three dimensional view of the object, It gives over all idea about the shape of solid , but not the size. 2) What is orthographic projection? It is the representation of the exact shape of a solid in two or more views on the projection planes at right angles to each other , by extending lines from the object perpendicular to the projection planes.For orthographic projection it is assumed that the observer is stationed at infinite distance , so that the rays coming from the observer will be parallel to each other and perpendicular to plane of projection. 3) What are the two types of planes? Horizontal Plane and Vertical plane 4) What is projector ? The lines perpendicular to the plane of projection are called projector. 5) List the four quadrants? First Quadrant : Above HP and infront of VP Second : Above HP and Behind VP Third : Below HP and behind VP Fourth : Below HP and Infront of VP. 6) Define First angle of projection In this type of projection the observer is assumed to be in the first quadrant . The sequence will be Observer Object-Plane for both front and top view 7) Define Third angle projection. In this type the object is assumed to be in the third quadrant . the sequence will be Observer Plane- Object for both front and top views. 8) Draw the Symbol for I and III angle projections

9) Differentiate between Iand III angle of projections. S.N o 1 First Third

Object lies between Plane lies between object observer and the plane of and observer projection 2 Front view comes above Front view comes below thw the top view top view 3 The left side view will The left side view comes to come to right of the front the left of the front view view 10) What angle of projection we are following? First Nagle of Projection 11) What are the various positions of points ? First Quadrant : Above HP and infront of VP Second : Above HP and Behind VP Third : Below HP and behind VP Fourth : Below HP and Infront of VP 12) Define a straight line : A straight line is defined as the shortest distance between two points. It has two end points. 13) What are the various positions of a straight line? * Line parallel to Both HP and VP * Line parallel to one plane and perpendicular to another -- Line parallel to HP and Perpendicular to VP -- Line parallel to VP and Perpendicular to HP * Line parallel to one plane and inclined to another -- Line parallel to Hp and inclined to VP -- Line parallel to VP and inclined to HP * Line contained in both planes -- Line in HP -- Line in VP -- Line in both HP and VP * Line inclined to both planes 14) What are the types of planes? Perpendicular planes Oblique planes.

15) What are the various positions of planes? Plane Perpendicular to HP and Parallel to VP Plane Perpendicular to VP and Parallel to HP Plane perpendicular to both Plane Perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP Plane Perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP 16) Define Trace : The line at which the plane meets the reference planes when extended are called the traces of planes. The intersection of the plane with HP is Horizontal trace The intersection of the plane with VP is Vertical trace. The trace of a plane is a line

Unit IV & V
1) Write short notes about development of surfaces: An object can be made out of a sheet metal. When all the surfaces of a solid are opened out on a plane , then the planar profile obtained is called Development. Each and every line on thye development should be true length of respective line in the surface. It is exclusively used in aircraft industries , ship building industries , boilers , building , etc 2) List the methods of development: Parallel line method Radial ine Method Triangular method Approximate method. 3) Define section plane It is an imaginary plane by which the object is cut. 4) Define : Section : The surface of the object cut by the section plane is called section Sectional view : The projection of the section along with the remaining portion of the object ids called section view True shape of the section : The sectional view obtained on a plane parallel to the section plane is called the true shape of the section . Apparent Section ; the section obtained on al plane of projection of a cut object when the section plane is not parallel to the plane of projection is called apparent section. Section or Hatching lines : The sectional portion of the object is represented by thin lines , called section lines , drawn parallelto each other at an angle of 45 0 and are equally spaced. 5) List the different positions of section planes : * Section plane perpendicular to both HP and VP * Section plane perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP *Section plane perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP * Section plane perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP * Section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP 6) What are the type of sections ? *Full section * Revolved section * Half Section * Removed section

* Local section

* offset section

7) Define isometric projection: Isometric projection is a type of pictorial projection. Here Iso means equal and metron means measure . 8) Define : Isometric axis : the three principal axes which are making 120 0 with each other are called isometric axes. Isometric lines : The lines parallel to any one of the isometric axes are called isometric lines. Non-isometric lines: The lines that are not parallel to any one of the isometric axes are called non-isometric lines. Isometric Planes: the planes containing any two isometric axes or isometric lines are called isometric planes. 9) Differentiate between isometric projection and isometric view: S.N o 1 2 Isometric Projection Isometric dimensions are considered Volume is less Isometric View True dimensions are considered Volume is more (22.5 % Enlarged)

10)

List the methods of drawing isometric projection: Box Method Offset method 11) Write short notes about perspective projection : Perspective projection is a type of pictorial projection of an object , which is capable of giving more realistic appearance of the object. When an object is viewed from a fixed definite position , the representation of the object on a flat plane as it would appear to the eye is called perspective projection.

UNIT III & I

1) Define solids : A solid may be defined as an object having a) Only plane surfaces Eg. Prism and Pyramid b) Only curved surfaces Eg . Sphere c) Both curved and plane surfaces Eg . Cylinder and cone 2) List the types of solid: I) Polyhedron :1) Regular polyhedron :a) Tetrahedron b)Cube c)Octahedran d) Dodecahedran e) icosahedran 2) Other polyhedron pentagonal , Hexagonal Prisns b) Pyramids :- Triangular , square , pentagonal Hexagonal Pyramids II ) Solids of revolution :- Cylinder , Cone , Sphere 3) Define polyhedron : It is a solid bounded by planes called faces. They are divided in to a) Regular polyhedra b) Other polyhedra 4) Define Prism : It is a polyhedron having two equal and similar faces called its ends or bases , parallel to each other and joined by other rectangular faces. The imaginary line joining the centres of bases is called as axis.. If the axis is perpendicu;ar to base then it is called a right solid. :a) Prism :- Triangular , square ,

5) Define Pyramid : It is a polyhedron having a plane figure as base and a number of triangular faces. These triangular faces meet at a point called vertex or apex.

6) Define oblique solids : These are solids with their axis inclined to their base. 7) Define solids of revolution: If a plane surface is rotated about one of its edges , then the solid generated is called solids of revolution. Eg. Cylinder , Cone , Sphere. 8) Define Frustum of a solid : When a pyramid or cone is cut by a plane parallel to its base and the top portion is removed , then the remaining portion is called its frustum. 9) Define Truncated solid: When a pyramid or cone is cut by a plane inclined to the base and the top portion is removed , then the remaining portion is said to be truncated cone or pyramid . 10) Define Conics : It is defined by locus of a point which moves in such a way that its distance from fixed point (focus) is always in a constant ratio with its perpendicular distance from a fixed straight line (directrix) 11) ) Define the important terminologies of a conic section : a) Focus : The fixed ;point on the axis is called Focus b) Directrix : The fixed straight line is called directrix. c) Axis : The line perpendicular to the directrix and passing through the focus is called the axis. d)Vertex: The point of intersection of conic section with the axis is called as vertex. e) Eccentricity :- It is the ratio of distance of moving point from the focus to the distance of moving point from directrix. f) Conjugate diameters : ,They are lines passing through the centre of ellipse and parallel to the tangents and curves at the points of intersection of other diameter with ellipse

12)

Define : Ellipse : An ellipse is a curve generated by a point which moves in such a way that the sum of its distances from two fixed points is always a constant. The fixed points are called Foci.

13) List the applications of ellipse they are used in construction of bridges , pressure vessels , manholes in boilers, reflectors used in automobiles, etc . 14) Define Parabola: The parabola is a plane curve generated by a point moving so that at any position , its distance from a fixed point(Focus) is always exactly equal to its distance from fixed straight line ( Directrix). 15) List the applications of parabola: Ther are used in Construction of bridge arches , road sections , reflectors , the trajectory of thrown of missile , Wall bracket , etc 16) Define :Hyperbola It is a plane curve generated by a point moving so that the difference of its distances from two fixed points , called the Focuses is a constant. 17) List the applications of hyperbola: It is mostly used in design of channels and coolong towers. 18) Define Cycloid , list the applications : A cycloid is the curve generated by the motion of a point on the circumference of a circle rolled in a plane along the straight line. The rolling circle is called as generating circle and straight line is called as directory or base line. They are used in design of gear tooth profile , design of conveyor for mould boxes in foundry shops. 19) Define involutes : the curve traced out by an end of a piece of string when unwounded from a circle or a regular polygon is called Involute , the string being kept tight. They are used to make gear tooth profile , cam construction , design of impeller for centrifugal pumps.