Rudinas, Joel Jr P BSME-3

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

Synchronous Machines are principally used as alternating current (AC) generators when the units are rotated by a motor and they are used to supply electric power used by modern society. They are sometimes used as constant speed motors or as compensators for reactive power control in power systems. It is an important electromechanical converter and can be used as generators or motors; Synchronous generators are built in large units and usually operate in parallel forming a large power system. Synchronous generators are powered at constant rate and pull its excitation from outside or external power source, or separate of the load or conduction grid it is supplying. A component called exciter enables the synchronous generator to generate its own reactive energy; Synchronous motors are built in large sizes and tend to operate on precise, synchronous speeds hence a constant speed motor. They are used for power-correcting factor operations such as those involving synchronous condensers and they are also used for low-power operations as well. Connecting Parts Universal Power Supply It is defined as a device that supplies electrical energy to one or more electrical loads. It converts one form of electrical energy to another. DC Compound-wound Motor- These types of motors have a combination of shunt wound and series windings. It responds better to heavy load changes than a shunt motor because of the increased current through the series field coils, hence boosting their field strength and allowing more torque and speeds Three-Phase Synchronous motor- This type of motors generate an electrically rotating field in the stator. Such motors are not self-starting if they are started from a fixed frequency power source Single-Phase Transformer- Such transformers have power lines as their input source therefore only 1 primary and 1 second winding is required to accomplish the voltage transformation. They use 2 conductors in this type of system. Three-Phase Transformer Generally more effective than single-phase transformers, their use of 3 conductors enables the three phase power to provide more power than a single-phase system allowing heavy-duty machinery and industrial equipment to operate better. Such systems have 3 coils or windings connected in the proper sequence in order to match the incoming power and transform the raw voltage to the level of voltage we need. Synchronizing Lamps- Synchronising lamps are USUALLY connected to the machines by transformers, but can be directly connected. The essential point is that a synchronizing lamp sees zero volts when the generators are in phase but Two times the generator voltage (or its transformed value) when 180 degrees out of phase. As the generator

speed changes, the lights will rise and fall in intensity at a rate proportional to the difference between generator frequency and system frequency Torque and Speed Control Panel- Type of instrumentation that monitors the torque and control of the machinery.