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TEACHERS COLLEGE Address : NEPOMUCENO ST., QUIAPO, MANILA Building : Floor : 3RD Rm/Grp No.: 348 Seat School No. Attended 1 ERA KRISHA PEARL DARADAR OL OF FATIMA-VALENZUELA 2 ERASGA RYAN JOSEPH GARDIOLA U PERP HELP-CALAMBA 3 ERASMO MARITES LAYSON OL OF FATIMA-VALENZUELA 4 ERAA MARY AM SALES M.C.U.-CALOOCAN 5 ERCIA KEVIN FLORENCE CRISOLO FEU-MANILA 6 EREDIANO MARK JOE ARIS MENDOZA SAN BEDA COLL.-MANILA 7 ERENCIO MARIA TERESA CLIMACO LAS PINAS COLLEGE 8 ERES LENAIRE JOYCE ABALAING NUEVA ECIJA COLL. 9 ERESE GENE PHILIP FALLORAN FEU-MANILA 10 EREA NEIL ANDREW CENTENO SAN BEDA COLL.-MANILA 11 ERFE EMELYE FANTILLO OL OF FATIMA-QC 12 ERFELO JOY AN CORAZON MIRABEL IMMA.CONCEP.COLL.-ALBAY 13 ERFELO KATRINA MIRABEL ARELLANO UNIV-MANILA 14 ERGINA ALLEN MARK BATRONEL TRINITY UNIV OF ASIA 15 ERGINA MARIA LORAINE ARAGON OL OF FATIMA-QC 16 ERGUIZA LEANA MARIE ABELLA M.C.U.-CALOOCAN 17 ERGUIZA MIANNE NICOLE EMPALMADO U P H S DALTA-LPINAS 18 ERIA AIZA JEAN BALAYO PANPACIFIC U.N.P. 19 ERIA ERICSON CORTES UNCIANO COLL.-STA MESA 20 ERIBAL' CHARMAINE DE LOS REYES U P H S DALTA-LPINAS 21 ERISE MA VICTORIA LAUTERIO U PERP HELP-LAGUNA 22 ERISPE BENJIE SAGARAL OL OF FATIMA-VALENZUELA 23 ERISPE II EDMUNDO ANTOLINO FEU-NRMF-Q. C. 24 ERIVE CHRIS ANGELA JUSTILE SERRANO U PERP HELP-LAGUNA 25 ERIVE ROBETHA ERIVE FEU-MANILA 26 ERMITA ANNELIDEE TOLENTINO WORLD CITI-ANTIPOLO 27 ERMITAO LYCETTE LLEMOS DE LOS SANTOS-STI-RODRIGUEZ USE SAME NAME IN ALL EXAMINATION FORMS. IF THERE IS AN ERROR IN SPELLING, DATE OF BIRTH, SCHOOL NAME, OR APPLIC NO. PLEASE REPORT TO REMINDERS TO EXAMINEES BE PUNCTUAL , REPORT TO YOUR SCHOOL/ BUILDING/ ROOM ASSIGNMENT BEFORE 6:30 A.M. LATE EXAMINEES WILL NOT BE ADMITTED.
A non-communicable disease, or NCD, is a medical condition or disease which is non-infectious. NCDs are diseases of long duration and generally slow progression. They include heart disease, stroke, cancer, asthma, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and more. While often referred to as "chronic diseases", NCDs are distinguished by their non-infectious cause. In contrast, some chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS, while also lasting medical conditions, are caused by transmissible infections. They are similar in that they also require chronic care management. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports NCDs to be by far the leading cause of mortality in the world, representing over 60% of all deaths. Out of the 35 million people who died from NCDs in 2005, half were under age 70 and half were women.[1] Risk factors such as a person's background, lifestyle and environment are known to increase the likelihood of certain NCDs. Every year, at least 5 million people die because of tobacco use and about 2.8 million die from being overweight. High cholesterol accounts for roughly 2.6 million deaths and 7.5 million die because of high blood pressure. By 2030, deaths due to chronic NCDs are expected to increase to 52 million per year while deaths caused by infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies are expected to decline by 7 million per year during the same period.[2]
Contents
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o 1.2 Inherited diseases 2 NCDs and global health o 2.1 NCDs and the United Nations o 2.2 Global Non-communicable Disease Network o 2.3 NCD Alliance 3 Economics of NCDs o 3.1 Absenteeism and presenteeism 4 Key NCDs o 4.1 Cancer o 4.2 Cardiovascular disease o 4.3 Diabetes o 4.4 Chronic kidney disease 5 See also 6 References
7 External sites
Many types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by smoking tobacco Diabetes mellitus type 2 Lower back pain caused by too little exercise Malnutrition caused by too little food, or eating the wrong kinds of food (e.g. scurvy from lack of Vitamin C) Skin cancer caused by radiation from the sun
Genetic disorders are caused by errors in genetic information that produce diseases in the affected people. These errors may include:
A change in the chromosome numbers, such as Down syndrome A defect in a single gene caused by mutation A rearrangement of genetic information
Cystic fibrosis is an example of an inherited disease that is caused by a mutation on a gene. The faulty gene impairs the normal movement of sodium chloride in and out of cells, which causes the mucus-secreting organs to produce abnormally thick mucus. The gene is recessive, meaning that a person must have two copies of the faulty gene for them to develop the disease. Cystic fibrosis affects the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems, as well as the sweat glands. The mucus secreted is very thick and blocks passageways in the lungs and digestive tracts. This mucus causes problems with breathing and with the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The NCD Alliance is a global partnership founded in May 2009 by four international federations representing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease. The NCD Alliance brings together roughly 900 national member associations to fight non-communicable disease. Long term aims of the Alliance include[12]:
1. NCD/disease national plans for all
2. A tobacco free world 3. Improved lifestyles 4. Strengthened health systems 5. Global access to affordable and good quality medicines and technologies 6. Human rights for people with NCDs.
[edit] Diabetes
Main article: Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is an NCD which is largely preventable and manageable but difficult to cure. Management concentrates on keeping blood sugar levels as close to normal ("euglycemia") as possible without presenting undue patient danger. This can usually be with close dietary management, exercise, and use of appropriate medications (insulin only in the case of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Oral medications may be used in the case of type 2 diabetes, as well as insulin). Patient education, understanding, and participation is vital since the complications of diabetes are far less common and less severe in people who have well-managed blood sugar levels.[20][21] Wider health problems may accelerate the deleterious effects of diabetes. These include smoking, elevated cholesterol levels, obesity, high blood pressure, and lack of regular exercise.
Chronic disease Non-infectious disease Global health The INCTR Challenge Fund project of the International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research
[edit] References
1. ^ World Health Organization: Chronic diseases - http://www.who.int/topics/chronic_diseases/en/,
Geneva, 2002 - http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/, accessed 21 March 2011. 5. ^ Boutayeb A, Boutayeb S. "The burden of non communicable diseases in developing countries." Int J Equity Health, 2005; 4:2 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC546417/ 6. ^ a b World Health Organization. 2008-2013 Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva, 2008 http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597418_eng.pdf 7. ^ "Addressing non-communicable diseases". Hindustan Times. 19 March 2010. 8. ^ "South Africa; Cancer Finally At the Top of the World Agenda". Africa News. 8 June2010. 9. ^ United Nations: Press Conference on General Assembly Decision to Convene Summit in September 2011 on Non-Communicable Diseases. New York, 13 May 2010 http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs//2010/100513_Diseases.doc.htm, accessed 21 March 2011. 10. ^ World Health Organization. New network to combat noncommunicable diseases. Geneva, 8 July 2009. 11. ^ Alexander Chiejina (16 July 2009). "Who's action against non-communicable diseases". Business Day Weekend. 12. ^ The NCD Alliance. "About Us". The NCD Alliance. http://www.ncdalliance.org/aboutus. Retrieved 4 May 2011. 13. ^ "Well-beingabsenteeism, presenteeism, costs and challenges". Oxford Journals 58.8: 522524. 14. ^ Danaei G, Vander Hoorn S, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Ezzati M (2005). "Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factors". Lancet 366 (9499): 178493. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67725-2. PMID 16298215. 15. ^ "Cancer". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/. Retrieved 2011-01-09. 16. ^ Coronary Heart Disease and Physical Activity of Work by J. N. Morris and Margaret D. Crawford, British Medical Journal 1958 ; 2(5111): 14851496 [1] 17. ^ PMID:20024640 18. ^ 20448212 19. ^ PMID: 20447527 20. ^ Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, et al. (December 2005). "Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes". The New England Journal of Medicine 353 (25): 264353. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052187. PMC 2637991. PMID 16371630. 21. ^ "The effect of intensive diabetes therapy on the development and progression of neuropathy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group". Annals of Internal Medicine 122 (8): 561 8. April 1995. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-122-8-199504150-00001 (inactive 2009-10-31). PMID 7887548. http://www.annals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7887548. 22. ^ Zhang, Q.L. & Rothenbacher, D. (2008). "Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in population-based studies: systematic review.". BMC Public Health 8,: 117.