AutoCAD

AutoCAD is an interactive drawing system designed to permit a user to construct or edit a drawing on a graphics display screen. It was introduced in the early 1980s by Autodesk Inc., California, U.S.A.

Drawing
The combination of meaningful lines is called a drawing.

Reasons for using AutoCAD

There are many reasons for using AutoCAD: Business Competition The most potent driving force is competition. In order to win business, companies used CAD to produce better designs more quickly and more cheaply than their competitors. Productivity is much improved by a CAD program enabling you to easily draw polygons, ellipses, multiple parallel lines and multiple parallel curves. Accurate Positioning Linework The speed is increased by the use of automatic fillets and chamfers; the computer ability to "snap" automatically to particular geometric points and features will spread the accurate positioning of linework. Copy, rotate and mirror facilities are also very handy when drawing symmetrical parts. Color and Hatch Patterns Many hatch patterns are supplied with CAD programs. Filling areas in various colors is a requirement in artwork and presentations. Style Fonts for Text Different style fonts for text are always supplied with any CAD programs. Importing Graphic File formats The possibility of importing different graphic file formats and scanning of material (photographs) into a CAD program is also an asset especially as the image can be manipulated, retouched and animated.

Zoom In and Zoom Out The ability to zoom in and out is an asset when drawing to scale. CAD information is stored in digital form and hence, irrespective of the size of the final printed drawings, it is possible to accurately dimension components automatically. Ability of Storing Entities Another advantage of a CAD system is its ability to store entities, which are frequently used on drawings. Libraries of regularly used parts can be purchased separately or can be created by the draughtsman. For repetitive use on a drawing, a typical item may be retrieved and positioned in seconds, also oriented at any angle to suit particular circumstances. Inserting Existing Components Using CAD products, assembly drawings can be constructed by inserting existing component drawings onto the assembly drawing and positioning them as required. Measurement of different Components Components Clearance between different components can be measured directly from the drawing and, if required, additional components designed using the assembly as reference. Fast Documentation Components CAD is very suitable for repetitive and fast documentation where a product is one in a range of sizes. Assume that you manufacture a range of motor driven pumps operating at different pressures. Many parts will be used in different combinations in the range and the computer database documentation is programmed accordingly. A computerized tender can be sent with the appropriate specification and technical details. On receipt of an order, all of the documentation relating to manufacture, testing, dispatching and invoicing will be available. Saving of Time Components Previously, engineers and drafters wasted almost 30% of their time looking for drawings and other documents. Editing drawings to effect revisions and produce updated parts lists is quick and easy using a CAD product. Editing Facility Components When you're working on paper and a customer wants to change a drawing, you have to draw it all over again; Transfer Facility Components In CAD, you make the change immediately and print out a new drawing in minutes, or you can transmit it via E-mail or Internet all over the world instantly.

Complex Geometry Components On paper creating complex geometry often involves a lot of measuring and location of reference points; In CAD it is a breeze and revisions are even simpler. Facility to make Different Ideas Components Many CAD programs include a macro or an add-on programming language that allow customizing it. Customizing your CAD program to suit your specific needs and implementing your ideas can make your CAD system different from your rivals. Better Designs Components CAD can enable companies to produce better designs that are almost impossible to produce manually and to eliminate dubious options during the conceptual design phase; For example in area of complex surfaces and Finite-element analysis. Rapid Generation of Proposed Models Many CAD systems permit the rapid generation of models of proposed designs as wireframes. The computer memory stores details of all the geometric data to define each part of the frame. From the dimensions of the components, the computer will calculate surface areas, volumes, weights for different materials, center of gravity, moments of inertia and radii of gyration; it can also use the applicable value for stress and other calculations, which are necessary part of design. Transfer of Solid Models Models The solid modeling created in CAD can be transferred to a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) program, which will then verify whether the suggested design will be capable of supporting the expected loads. Prototyping Models The biggest contribution of computers to the design process is soft prototyping - the process of creating a 3D-computer model of a design that can be subjected to computer-based testing. Soft prototypes are almost faster and cheaper to built than real prototypes and are often better at their main activity than a real ones; That because model shop prototypes usually use processes and materials very different from those ultimately used for the production version of the product. Resemble the Real Material Models The soft prototypes can resemble the final product much more closely than any real material prototypes. Realistic images of the soft prototypes can be used by marketing people to produce sales collateral, manuals and the whole gamut of marketing materials. They can even be used for testing marketing to determine whether the product is worth producing at all. Sale departments use 3D illustrations in brochures and literature for promotional applications.

Rendering and Animation Models Presentation programs with rendering models and animation in 3D form a large part of selling and advertising in today competitive market. Comprised Instructions for Machines Models CAD will be linked to CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture) whenever possible. CAD/CAM systems could produce computerized instructions for computerized machine controllers: lathes, mills, machining centers, turret punches, welding equipment, automated assemblies, etc. Layers of the Geometry Models A typical design involves producing part drawings in a CAD program right up to completion of design and making layers of the geometry required for the CAM processing software. The description of part created in a CAD program is translated into an appropriate format, such as DXF or IGES, and then loaded into the CAM programs which are used then to create tool paths that trace this description. This path can be edited and combined with other tool path files where necessary and the combined forms a complete program for the machine tool to manufacture the part. Checking Models before Manufacturing Models The resulting NC program can be exported back into the CAD system to produce a simulated backplot of the toolpath or imported into a solid modeling NC program to produce a computer model for checking before manufacture.

Features of AutoCAD
Following are some of the distinguish features on the basis of witch we prefer working in AutoCAD instead of working manually.

Presentation
Models You can create fine drawings with hundreds of colors, line types, hatch patterns, presentation symbols and text styles. Even if you dont like something about your presentation after you have finished it, you can quickly change it. It takes only a few simple steps to change the text style, color or line type and you can print a fresh copy of the drawing. There are a number of ready-made presentation symbols and hatch patterns available in CADD that can be used to enhance the look of drawings. For example, a site planner can add tree symbols, shrubs, pathways, human figures, and other landscape elements to create a site plan. Similarly, an architect can use ready-made symbols of doors, windows, furniture, etc., to make a presentation. In addition to preparing impressive presentations on paper, you can use CADD to make onscreen presentations. You can plug your computer into a projector and present your ideas onscreen. Advanced CADD programs even allow you to create animated images. You can illustrate how a building would appear while walking through it, or how a machine would function when different machine assembly parts operate.

Presentation
Models CADD provides the flexibility to make quick alterations to drawings. You can erase any portion of a drawing with pinpoint accuracy. It takes only seconds to do a job that could take hours on a drawing board. In many cases, you wont even have to erase the drawing to make the change. You can rearrange the existing components of the drawing to fit new shape. This enables you to analyze design options with minimal effort. The following are some of the editing capabilities of CADD: Move or copy drawing elements Enlarge or reduce parts of a drawing Add one drawing to another Stretch a drawing to fit new dimensions Make multiple copies of a drawing element Change the size and style of text Change units of measure, accuracy and style of dimensions

CADD allows you to work with great accuracy. If you need to create highly accurate geometrical shapes, CADD is the answer. It can help avoid time consuming mathematical calculations. You can work with different units of measure, such as architectural units, engineering units, scientific units and surveyors units. These units are represented in standard formats commonly used by professionals.

Example: When working with engineering units, you can specify whether all the dimensions should be represented in inches, feet-inches, centimeters or meters. Similarly, you can choose angular units of measurement such as decimal degrees, minutes, seconds or radians. You can set an extremely high accuracy for the units of measurement. You can work with as high precision as 1/1000th of an inch! However, such accuracy is seldom required. You will often need to set the CADD program to a lesser accuracy to avoid unnecessary fractions. In general, when you need to work on a large scale drawing such as a plan of a township, you may want to set a lesser degree of accuracy, say 1-0". The computer will round off all the measurements to the next foot and you wont see any fractions less than a foot. When you need to work on a minute detail, you can set a higher degree of accuracy such as 1/8th or 1/64th of an inch.

It is quick and convenient to organize CADD drawings in a computer. You can have thousands of drawings on a computers hard disk and can open any one of them within seconds. A computers electronic filing system has the following advantages over the traditional filing system: It enables you to create a highly organized environment It contributes to savings in working space An electronic drawing never gets old and faded. Any time you need a drawing, you can print a new copy from the disks.

Project Reporting
The computer can be used to prepare project reports such as records of areas, quantities and cost estimates. Using the database capabilities of CADD, you can link non-graphic information (such as text or value) with the graphic elements of the drawing. The non-graphic information is stored in a database, which can be used to prepare reports. Example: An architect can link text attributes associated with the symbols of doors and windows in a drawing. The attributes can describe the size of the door, material, hardware, cost, etc. Later on the computer can automatically prepare a door schedule listing all the doors and windows in the drawing. The non-graphic information is directly linked with the drawing objects. When a change is made to the drawing, the values in the reports are updated automatically. This provides a useful means to manage large projects. There is a special category of software called Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) designed for building management. These programs allow you to import drawings from CADD programs and link attributes to them to form a database. The database can be used to keep track of spaces, areas, costs, people, equipment, furniture, building maintenance schedule, etc.

Engineering Analysis
There is a separate category of programs called Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) that can use CADD drawings for engineering analysis. The CAE programs have a number of applications in structural design, civil engineering, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering.

Example: A structural engineer can use a CAE program to test the design of structural components in a building. The engineer can instantly analyze the impact on structural members when a different load is applied to the structure or the spacing between the members is changed. Similarly, there are programs for mechanical engineers to test machine assemblies. The mechanical engineer can create a prototype electronic model and test it without building a physical model. The advanced engineering programs even provide the ability to link calculations with the CADD drawings. This capability is known as .parametric design" that allows the computer to automatically update the drawings when the associated calculations are changed and vice versa.

Design
CADD provides a convenient means to create designs for almost every engineering discipline. It can be used for architectural design, landscape design, interior design, civil and surveying, mechanical design, electrical engineering, plant design, industrial design, duct design, electronic circuit design, plumbing design, textile design and product design.CADDs drafting capabilities provide ample means to create a design scheme. You can create designs with great accuracy and have the flexibility to easily edit them. This allows you to quickly prepare design alternatives. In addition to the drafting capabilities of CADD, there are special programs that can analyze designs or even create new ones. These programs use artificial intelligence to "think" and make design decisions. The design capabilities of CADD are available only in advanced CADD programs. There are only a few such programs available. Design programs are usually not generic. They often need to be custom-written to accomplish a specific task.

Add-on Program
There are a number of separate programs available that can enhance the power of CADD. The add-on programs work as an extension of CADD to accomplish specific tasks. Today, there are hundreds of add-on programs available for popular CADD programs. An architectural add-on program can allow you to instantly draw symbols of doors, windows, kitchens, bathrooms, staircases, etc. Shading and rendering program can be used to enhance the look of 3D images. A plumbing design program includes special functions to draw pipes, drains and plumbing joints. A civil engineering program includes special features to work with contours and land development; the list goes on and on. Most manufacturers market CADD programs in separate modules. They sell a basic drafting module for a certain price with the options to add on other modules. There are a number of add-on programs available from independent vendors as well.

Model View Setup

Command line: MVSETUP

Procedure
1. Press mvsetup 2. Enable paper space [Y / N]: N 3. Enter units type [Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric] A 4. Enter the scale factor..96 5. Enter the paper width.12 inches 6. Enter the paper height9 inches

Drawing Units
Format menu: Units Command line: UN

Procedure
1. Click Format menu precision. 3. Click on O.K Units or press UN 2. In the Drawing Units dialog box, under Length, select a Architectural unit format and

Line

Draw menu: Line Command line: L

Draw toolbar:

Concepts
With LINE, we can create a series of contiguous line segments.

Procedure Specify Points

1. Click on Line icon or press L 2. Specify first point 3. Specify next point 4. Specify next point 5. Specify next point 6. Press C

Specify Distance
1. Click on Line icon or press L 2. Specify first point 3. Specify Distance and direction

Construction Line
Draw menu: Construction Line Command line: XL Draw toolbar:

Concepts
Lines that extend to infinity in both directions, known as construction lines. Construction lines can be used as references for creating other objects.

Procedure

Specify Points
1. Click on Construction Line icon or press XL 2. Specify a point to define the root of the construction line 3. Specify a second point through which the construction line should pass 4. Continue to specify construction lines as needed 5. Press ENTER to end the command

Horizontal
1. Click on Construction Line icon or press XL 2. Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: H 3. Specify Construction Lines as needed 4. Press ENTER to end the command

Vertical
1. Click on Construction Line icon or press XL 2. Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: V 3. Specify Construction Lines as needed 4. Press ENTER to end the command

Angle
1. Click on Construction Line icon or press XL 2. Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: A 3. Enter angle of Construction Line: 45 4. Specify Construction Lines as needed 5. Press ENTER to end the command

Bisect
1. Click on Construction Line icon or press XL 2. Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: B 3. Specify angle vertex point 4. Specify angle start point 5. Specify Construction Lines as needed 6. Press ENTER to end the command

Off-Set

1. Click on Construction Line icon or press XL 2. Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: O 3. Specify offset distance 4. Select a line object 5. Specify Construction Lines as needed 6. Press ENTER to end the command

Cut to Clipboard
Edit menu: Cut Command line: cutclip Standard toolbar: Shortcut: Ctr+X

Procedure
1. Click on Cut to Clipboard icon or press CUTCLIP 2. Select the object 3. Right click

Delete
Procedure
1. Select the object 2. Press DELETE button

Erase
Modify menu: Erase Command line: E Modify toolbar:

Procedure
1. Click on Erase icon or press E 2. Select the object 3. Right click

To Erase All the Objects

1. Click on Erase icon or press E 2. Press ALL 3. Right click

To Erase Previous Selection Set

1. Click on Erase icon or press E 2. Press P 3. Right click

To Erase Last Object Drawn

1. Click on Erase icon or press E 2. Press L 3. Right click

To Restore Last Erased Object

1. Press OOPS

Off-Set
Modify menu: Offset Command line: O Modify toolbar:

Concepts
OFFSET creates a new object whose shape parallels the shape of a selected object. Offsetting a circle or an arc creates a larger or smaller circle or arc, depending on which side we specify for the offset.

Procedure
1. Click on Off-Set icon or press O 2. Specify off-set distance... 2 3. Select line and click on the desired side/location

Trim

Modify menu: Trim Command line: TR

Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With TRIM, we can shorten or lengthen objects to meet the edges of other objects. This means we can first create an object such as a line and then later adjust it to fit exactly between other objects.

Procedure Method-I
1. Click on Trim icon or press TR 2. Select the objects to serve as cutting edges 3. Selects the objects to trim 4. Selects the objects to trim

Method-II
1. Click on Trim icon and then 2. Select the objects to trim or press TR (Enter Twice)

Method-III
1. Click on Trim icon or press TR 2. Select the objects to trim 3. Right click 4. Press F 5. Specify first fence point 6. Specify endpoint of the line 7. Right click

Rectangle

Draw menu: Rectangle Command line: REC

Draw toolbar:

Procedure Specify Points

1. Click on Rectangle icon or press REC 2. Specify first corner point 3. Specify other corner point

Specify Dimensions
1. Click on Rectangle icon or press REC 2. Specify first corner point 3. Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: D 4. Specify length for rectangle: 10 5. Specify width for rectangle: 4 6. Specify other corner point

Circle
Draw menu: Circle Command line: C Draw toolbar:

Procedure Center, Radius

1. Click on Circle icon or press C 2. Specify the center point for circle 3. Specify the radius of circle: 5

Center, Diameter

1. Click on Circle icon or press C 2. Specify the center point for circle 3. Specify the radius of circle or [Diameter]: D 4. Specify the diameter of circle: 5

2 Points
1. Click on Circle icon or press C 2. Specify the center point for circle: 2P 3. Specify first end point of circle's diameter 4. Specify second end point of circle's diameter

3 Points
1. Click on Circle icon or press C 2. Specify the center point for circle: 3P 3. Specify first point on circle 4. Specify second point on circle 5. Specify third point on circle

Tan, Tan, Radius

1. Click on Circle icon or press C 2. Specify the center point for circle: TTR 3. Specify point on object for first tangent of circle 4. Specify point on object for second tangent of circle 5. Specify radius of circle: 5

Polygon

Draw menu: Polygon Command line: POl

Draw toolbar:

Procedure Circumscribed Polygon

1. Click on Polygon icon or press POL 2. Enter the number of sides: 5 3. Specify the center of polygon 4. Enter an option [Inscribed in circle / Circumscribed about circle]: C 5. Specify the radius of circle: 3

Inscribed Polygon
1. Click on Polygon icon or press POL 2. Enter the number of sides: 5 3. Specify the center of polygon 4. Enter an option [Inscribed in circle / Circumscribed about circle]: I 5. Specify the radius of circle: 4

Point Style
Format menu: Point Style Command line: DDPTYPE

Procedure
1. Click Format menu Point Style or press DDPTYPE 2. Select the desired style 3. Change the point size if required 4. Click on O.K

Single Point

Draw menu: Point Command line: PO

Single Point

Draw toolbar

Procedure
1. Click on Point icon or press PO 2. Specify the point location

Multiple Point
Draw menu: Point Multiple Point

Procedure
1. Click Draw menu Point Multiple Point 2. Specify the points as required

Divide
Draw menu: Point Divide Command line: DIV

Procedure
1. Click Draw menu Point Divide or press DIV 2. Select the object to divide 3. Enter the number of segments

Measure

Draw menu: Point

Multiple Point

Command line: ME

Procedure
1. Click Draw menu Point Measure 2. Select the object to measure 3. Specify length of segment

Move
Modify menu: Move Command line: M Modify toolbar:

Procedure Specify Points

1. Draw any object 2. Click on Move icon or press M 3. Select the object 4. Right click 5. Specify the base point 6. Specify a second point

Specify Distance
1. Draw any object 2. Click on Move icon or press M 3. Select the object 4. Right click 5. Specify the base point 6. Specify the required distance and direction

Rotate

Modify menu: Rotate Command line: RO

Modify toolbar:

Procedure
1. Click on Rotate icon or press RO 2. Select the object 3. Right click 4. Specify the base point 5. Specify the rotation angle..60

Copy Object
Modify menu: Copy Command line: CP / CO Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With COPY OBJECT, we can create duplicates of objects at a specified distance and direction from the originals.

Procedure Single Copy

1. Draw any object 2. Click on the Copy Object icon or press CO 3. Select the object 4. Right click 5. Specify the base point 6. Give the direction 7. Specify the required distance

Multiple Copies

1. Draw any object 2. Click on the Copy Object icon or press CO 3. Select the object 4. Right click 5. Specify the base point 6. Specify the second point or [Multiple]: M 7. Specify copies as required 8. Press ENTER to end the command

Mirror
Modify menu: Mirror Command line: MI Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With MIRROR, we can flip objects about a specified axis to create a symmetrical mirror image. Mirroring is useful for creating symmetrical objects because we can quickly draw half the object and then mirror it instead of drawing the entire object.

Procedure
1. Click on the Mirror icon or press MI 2. Select the object 3. Right click 4. Specify first point of mirror line 5. Specify second point of mirror line 6. Delete the source objects? [Y / N]: N

Array
Modify menu: Array Command line: AR Modify toolbar:

Concepts
A process of copying objects in a rectangular or polar (circular) pattern called an array. For rectangular arrays, we control the number of rows and columns and the distance between each. For polar arrays, we control the number of copies of the object and whether the copies are rotated. To create many regularly spaced objects, arraying is faster than copying.

Procedure Rectangular Array

1. Click on Array icon or press AR 2. Specify rectangular 3. Select objects to array 4. Right click 5. Specify number of rows 6. Specify number of columns 7. Specify distance between rows 8. Specify distance between columns 9. Click on preview to see view 10. Click on Accept

Polar Array
1. Click on Array icon or press AR 2. Specify polar 3. Select objects to array 4. Specify center point of array 5. Specify number of items to array 6. Specify angle to fill 7. Click on preview to see view 8. Click on Accept

Scale
Modify menu: Scale Command line: SC Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With SCALE, we can resize objects to make them longer or shorter in only one direction or to make them proportionally larger or smaller.

Procedure To Scale an object by Scale Factor

1. Draw any object 2. Click on scale icon or press SC 3. Select objects 4. Specify base point 5. Specify scale factor.. 2

To Scale an object by Reference

1. Draw any object 2. Click on scale icon or press SC 3. Specify base point 4. Specify scale factor or [Reference]: R 5. Specify reference length 6. Specify new length

Stretch
Modify menu: Stretch Command line: S Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With STRETCH, you relocate the endpoints of objects that lie across or within a crossing selection window:
Objects

that are partially enclosed by a crossing window are stretched. Objects that are completely enclosed within the crossing window, or that are selected individually, are moved rather than stretched.

Procedure

1. Draw a one entity object 2. Click on Stretch icon or press S 3. Select desired segment to stretch 4. Specify distance and direction

Extend
Modify menu: Extend Command line: Ex Modify toolbar:

Procedure Method-I
1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Extend icon or press EX 3. Select the lines 4. Right click 5. Select the line to extend

Method-II
1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Extend icon and 3. Select the line to extend or press EX (Enter Twice)

Break
Modify menu: Break Command line: BR Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With BREAK, we can break an object into two objects with or without a gap between them.

Procedure
1. Draw any object 2. Click on Break icon or press BR 3. Select the object 4. Specify first point 5. Specify second point to break

Chamfer
Modify menu: Chamfer Command line: CHA Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With CHAMFER, we can connect two objects with an angled line. It is usually used to represent a beveled edge on a corner.

Procedure To Chamfer by Specifying Chamfer Distance

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Chamfer icon or press CHA 3. Select an option [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: D

4. Specify first chamfer distance 6 5. Specify second chamfer distance ..8 6. Select first line then second

To Chamfer by Specifying Chamfer Length and Angle

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Chamfer icon or press CHA 3. Select an option [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: A 4. Specify chamfer length on the first line 5 5. Specify chamfer angle from the first line ..45 6. Select first line then second

To Chamfer Without Trimming

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Chamfer icon or press CHA 3. Select an option [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: D 4. Specify first chamfer distance 6 5. Specify second chamfer distance ..8 6. Press T 7. Press N 8. Select first line then second

To Chamfer an Entire Polyline

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Chamfer icon or press CHA 3. Select an option [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: D 4. Specify first chamfer distance 6 5. Specify second chamfer distance ..8 6. Press P 7. Select the polyline

To Chamfer Multiple Sets of Objects

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Chamfer icon or press CHA 3. Select an option [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: D 4. Specify first chamfer distance 6 5. Specify second chamfer distance ..8 6. Press M 7. Select the lines 8. Press ENTER to end the command

Fillet
Modify menu: Fillet Command line: F Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With FILLET, we can connect two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has a specified radius. An inside corner is called a fillet and an outside corner is called a round.

Procedure

To Fillet by Specifying Fillet Radius

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Fillet icon or press F 3. Select an option [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: R 4. Specify the fillet radius 6 5. Select first line then second

To Fillet without Trimming

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Fillet icon or press F 3. Select an option [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: T 4. Press N 5. Select first line then second

To Fillet an Entire Polyline

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Fillet icon or press F 3. Select an option [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: P 4. Press N 5. Select the polyline

To Fillet Multiple Sets of Objects

1. Draw two lines like 2. Click on Fillet icon or press F 3. Select an option [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: M 4. Select the lines 5. Press ENTER to end the command

Layer
Format menu: Layer Command line: LA

Concepts
Layers are like transparent overlays on which we organize and group different kinds of drawing information.

Procedure
1. Click Format menu Layer or press LA 2. Click on New button to create a new layer 3. Specify new layer name 4. Click on Color to change color 5. Click on Line Type then click on Load button 6. Select a line type and click on O.K and O.K 7. Click on Line Thickness to set the line thickness 8. Click on O.K

Text Style
Format menu: Text Style Command line: ST

Procedure
1. Click Format menu Text Style or press ST 2. Click on New button 3. Specify new style name 4. Specify height of text 5. Select font style and click on Apply 6. Click on Close

Single Line Text

Draw menu: Text Single Line Text Command line: DT

Procedure
1. Click Draw menu Text Single Line Text or press DT 2. Specify start point of text 3. Specify height: 10 4. Specify rotation angle: 0

Multiline Text
Draw menu: Text Command line: T Multiline Text Draw toolbar:

Procedure
1. Click Draw menu Text Multiline Text or press T 2. Specify first corner 3. Select an option [Height/Justify/Line Spacing/Rotation/Style/Width]: J 4. Enter justification [TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR]: MC 5. Specify opposite corner 6. Type your required text 7. Click on O.K

Edit Text
Modify menu: Object Command line: ED Text Edit Text toolbar:

Concepts

We can change text content, formatting and properties such as scale and justification.

Overview of Changing Text

Change Single-Line Text We can change single-line text with ED, PROPERTIES and grips.

Change Multiline Text We can change the location and content of multiline text objects with the Properties palette, the In-Place Text Editor and grips. We can easily find and replace text with the FIND command. Change Text with a Leader We can change both the text component and the leader geometry component of leader objects.

Change Text Scale and Justification Several commands are available for changing the scale of one or more text and attribute objects or their insertion points, simultaneously without changing the location of the objects

Procedure

Scale Text
Modify menu: Object Text Scale Text toolbar: Command line: SCALETEXT

Concepts
With Scale Text, we can change the scale of one or more text objects, attributes and attribute definitions or their insertion points, simultaneously without changing the location of the objects.

Procedure
1. Click on Scale Text icon or press SCALETEXT 2. Select objects 3. Right click 3. Right click 4. Enter a base point option for scaling

[Existing/Left/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR] <Existing>: E 5. Specify new height: 10

Mirror Text
Command line: MIRRTEXT

Procedure
1. press MIRRTEXT 2. Enter new value for MIRRTEXT <0>: 1 3. Click on Mirror icon or press MI 4. Select the text 5. Specify first point of mirror line 6. Specify second point of mirror line 7. Delete the source objects? [Y / N]: N

Quick Text
Tools menu: Quick Select Command line: QSELECT

Concepts
When QTEXT (Quick Text) is on, each text and attribute object is displayed as a bounding box around the text object. Turning QTEXT mode on reduces the time it takes the program to redraw and regenerate drawings that contain many text objects

Procedure To Turn On Mode

1. Press QTEXT 2. Enter mode [ON/OFF] <OFF>: ON 3. Press RE

To Turn Off Mode

1. Press QTEXT

2. Enter mode [ON/OFF] <OFF>: OFF 3. Press RE

Block
Draw menu: Block Command line: B Make Draw toolbar:

Concepts
We create Blocks by associating objects and giving them a name. We can also attach information (attributes) to a block.

Procedure
1. Click on Block icon or press B 2. Click on Select Object button and select object 3. Right click 4. Specify block name 5. Specify base point by clicking on Pick Point button 6. Click on O.K

Insert Block
Insert menu: Block Command line: I Insert toolbar:

Procedure
1. Click on the Insert Block icon or press I 2. Select name of Block to insert 3. Click on O.K 4. Click on desire direction

Hatch
Draw menu: Hatch Command line: H Draw toolbar:

Concepts
With HATCH, We can hatch an area using a predefined hatch pattern, define a simple line pattern using the current linetype, or create more complex hatch patterns. One type of pattern is called solid, which fills an area with a solid color

Procedure
1. Draw a close shaped object 2. Click on Hatch icon or press H 3. Click on Pick Point button and click inside the object 4. Right click and click on enter 5. Click on Pattern button 6. Click on preview 7. Adjust scale for pattern 8. Click on O.K

Design center
Tools menu: Design Center Command line: DC Standard toolbar: Shortcut: Ctr+2

Concepts
With Design Center, We can manage block references, xrefs and other content such as layer definitions, layouts, and text styles

Procedure
1. Click on Design Center icon or press DC

2. Click on load button 3. Click on C / Program Files / AutoCAD / Sample / Design Center / Home Space.. 4. Click on open 5. Click on Block 6. Select a fixture by double clicking 7. Click on O.K

Tool Palettes
Tools menu: Tool Palettes Command line: TP Standard toolbar: Shortcut: Ctr+3

Procedure
1. Draw a close shaped object 2. Click on Tool Palettes icon or press TP 3. Select a fixture 4. Click inside the object

Boundary
Draw menu: Boundary Command line: BO

Procedure
1. Click Draw menu Boundary or press BO 2. Click on Pick Points button 3. Select internal points of the object 4. Right click

Region
Draw menu: Region Command line: REG Draw toolbar:

Concepts
Regions are two-dimensional enclosed areas that have physical properties such as centroids or centers of mass. We can combine existing regions into a single, complex region to calculate area.

Procedure
1. Click Draw menu Region or press REG 2. Select the objects 3. Right click

Explode
Modify menu: Explode Command line: X Modify toolbar:

Concepts
If we need to modify one or more objects within a block separately, we can disassemble or explode the block reference into its component objects. After making the changes, we can
Create

a new block definition Redefine the existing block definition Leave the component objects uncombined for other uses We can automatically explode block references as we insert them by selecting the Explode option in the Insert dialog box.

Procedure
1. Click on Explode icon or press X 2. Select the objects 3. Right click

Join
Modify menu: Join Command line: J Modify toolbar:

Concepts
With JOIN, we can join objects to make a single object.

Procedure

1. Click on Join icon or press J 2. Select the source object 3. Select objects to join to the source object

Dimension Style
Format menu: Dimension Style Command line: D Styles toolbar:

Concepts
We can control the appearance of dimensions by changing settings. For convenience and to help maintain dimensioning standards, we can store these settings in dimension styles: Compare Dimension Styles and Variables We can view all the settings in a dimension style. Dimension styles used in externally referenced drawings are differentiated from those defined in our current drawing.

Control Dimension Geometry We can control the appearance of dimension lines, extension lines, arrowheads, and center marks.

Control Dimension Text We can control the placement of dimension text, arrowheads, and leader lines relative to the dimension and extension lines.

Control Dimension Values The numeric values displayed in dimensions can appear in several formats. We can also control how numeric distances are represented.

Procedure
1. Click Format menu Dimension Style or press D 2. Click on New button 3. Specify new style name 4. Click on Continue button 5. Select color, size and style of lines and arrows 6. Click on Text Tab button and select text style 7. Click on Primary Unit button and select Architectural unit format 8. Click on O.K 9. Click on Close

Linear Dimension
Dimension menu: Linear Command line: DLI Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
We can create linear dimensions with horizontal, vertical, and aligned dimension lines. These linear dimensions can also be stacked or they can be created end to end.

Procedure
1. Click on Linear Dimension icon or press DLI 2. Specify first extension line origin 3. Specify second extension line origin 4. Specify dimension line location

Aligned Dimension
Dimension menu: Aligned Command line: DAL Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
With Aligned Dimension, we can create dimensions that are parallel to the locations or objects that you specify. In aligned dimensions, the dimension line is parallel to the extension line origins.

Procedure

1. Click on the Aligned Dimension icon or press DAL 2. Specify first extension line origin 3. Specify second extension line origin 4. Specify dimension line location

Ordinate Dimension
Dimension menu: Ordinate Command line: DOR Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
Ordinate Dimensions measure the perpendicular distance from an origin point called the datum to a dimensioned feature, such as a hole in a part. These dimensions prevent escalating errors by maintaining accurate offsets of the features from the datum

Procedure
1. Click on the Ordinate Dimension icon DOR 2. Specify feature location 3. Specify leader endpoint

Radius Dimension
Dimension menu: Radius Command line: DRA Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
Radius Dimension measures the radius of arcs and circles with optional centerlines or a center mark.

Procedure

1. Click on the Radius Dimension icon or press DRA 2. Select arc or circle 3. Specify dimension line location

Diameter Dimension
Dimension menu: Diameter Command line: DDI Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
Diameter Dimension measures the diameter of an arc or circle, and displays the dimension text with the diameter symbol in front of it.

Procedure
1. Click on the Diameter Dimension icon or press DDI 2. Select arc or circle 3. Specify dimension line location

Angular Dimension
Dimension menu: Angular Command line: DAN Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
Angular Dimensions measure the angle between two lines or three points. To measure the angle between two radii of a circle, we select the circle and specify the angle endpoints.

Procedure
1. Click on the Angular Dimension icon or press DAN 2. Select arc, circle or line

3. Specify second angle endpoint 4. Specify dimension arc line location

Quick Dimension
Dimension menu: Quick Dimension Command line: QDIM Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
With Quick Dimension, we can quickly create or edit a series of dimensions. Quick dimension particularly useful for creating a series of baseline or continued dimensions or for dimensioning a series of circles and arcs.

Procedure
1. Click on the Quick Dimension icon or press QDIM 2. Select geometry to dimension 3. Right click 4. Specify dimension line position

Baseline Dimension
Dimension menu: Baseline Command line: DBA Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
Baseline Dimensions are multiple dimensions measured from the same baseline. We must create a linear, aligned, or angular dimension before creating baseline dimension.

Procedure

1. Click on the Quick Dimension icon or press DBA 2. Select base dimension 3. Specify a second extension line origin 4. Right click to exit

Continue Dimension
Dimension menu: Continue Command line: DCO Dimension toolbar:

Concepts
Continued Dimensions are multiple dimensions placed end to end. We must create a linear, aligned or angular dimension before creating continued dimensions.

Procedure
1. Click on the Continue Dimension icon or press DCO 2. Select continued dimension 3. Specify a second extension line origin 4. Right click to exit

Undefine
Command line: UNDEFINE

Procedure
1. Press UNDEFINE 2. Enter command name: Line

Redefine

Command line: REDEFINE

Procedure
1. Press REDEFINE 2. Enter command name: Line

Xref Manager
Reference toolbar:

Insert menu: Xref Manager Command line: XR

Procedure
1. Click Insert menu 2. Select the file 3. Click on Open 4. Select Attachment. 5. Specify the insertion point, scale, and rotation angle 6. Click on OK External Reference or press XR

Spell
Tools menu: Spelling Command line: SP

Concepts
With Spell, we can check the spelling of all text in our drawing, including
Single-line

text Multiline text Text within attribute values Text within block references and their associated block definitions Text within nested blocks

Procedure
1. Click Tools menu Spelling or press SP

2. Select object 3. Right click

Find
Command line: FIND

Procedure
1. Click Edit menu Find 2. In Find Text String, enter the text you want to find. 3. Select Entire Drawing or click the Select Objects button to select one or more text objects. 4. Click on Options to specify the types of text 5. Click on Find 6. The Context area displays the found text with its surrounding context 7. To zoom to the found text in the drawing, click on Zoom To 8. Click on Close

Purge
File menu: Drawing Utilities Purge Command line: PU

Concepts
With PURGE, we can remove unused named objects, including block definitions, dimension styles, layers, linetypes and text styles

Procedure

1. Click File menu

Drawing Utilities

Purge

2. To purge all unreferenced linetypes, select Linetypes 3. To purge specific linetypes, double-click Linetypes to expand the tree view 4. Then select the linetypes to be purged. 5. Click Purge. 6. Click Close

Quick Select
Tools menu: Quick Select Command line: QSELECT

Concepts
With QUICK SELECT, we can select objects by properties or types to include objects in a selection set or to exclude them

Procedure
1. Click Tools menu Quick Select

2. In the Quick Select dialog box, under Apply To, select Entire Drawing 3. Under Object Type, select Multiple 4. Under Properties, select Color 5. Under Operator, select Equals 6. Under Value, select color 7. Under How to Apply, select Include in New Selection Set 8. Click on OK

Write Block
Command line: W

Concepts

With Write Block, we can create drawing files for the purpose of inserting them into other drawings as blocks. Individual drawing files are easy to create and manage as the source of block definitions. Collections of symbols can be stored as individual drawing files and grouped in folders.

Procedure
1. Press W 2. In the Write Block dialog box, under Objects, select Objects 3. Under Base Point, click Pick Point 4. Specify a base point in the drawing area 5. Select the objects by clicking the Select Objects button 6. In the File Name box, enter the name for the new drawing file 7. In the Location box, specify the folder for the new drawing file 8. Click on OK

Union
Modify menu: Solids Editing Command line: UNI Union Solids Editing toolbar:

Concepts
With UNION, we can combine the total volume of two or more solids or two or more regions into a composite object.

Procedure
1. Click on Union icon or press UNI 2. Select the first object then second 3. Right click

Subtract
Modify menu: Solids Editing Command line: SU Subtract Solids Editing toolbar:

Concepts
With SUBTRACT, we can remove the common area of one set of solids from another.

Procedure
1. Click on Subtract icon or press SU 2. Select the outer object 3. Right click 4. Select the inner object 5. Right click

Intersect
Modify menu: Solids Editing Command line: IN Intersect Solids Editing toolbar:

Concepts

With INTERSECT, we can create a composite solid from the common volume of two or more overlapping solids. INTERSECT removes the non overlapping portions and creates a composite solid from the common volume.

Procedure
1. Click on Intersect icon or press IN 2. Select the objects 3. Right click

Extrude Faces
Modify menu: Solids Editing Extrude Faces Command line: solidedit F E

Concepts
With EXTRUDE FACES, we can extrude planar faces of a 3D solid along a path or we can specify a height value and a tapered angle

Procedure
1. Click on Extrude Faces icon or press solidedit 2. Select the faces 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Specify height of extrusion.10 5. Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>: F E

Move Faces
Modify menu: Solids Editing Move Faces Command line: solidedit F M

Concepts
We can edit a 3D solid object by moving selected faces of the object.

Procedure
1. Click on Move Faces icon or press solidedit 2. Select the faces 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Specify a base point or displacement 5. Specify a second point or displacement F M

Offset Faces

Modify menu: Solids Editing

Offset Faces

Command line: solidedit

Concepts
With OFFSET FACES, we can uniformly offset faces by a specified distance.

Procedure
1. Click on Offset Faces icon or press solidedit 2. Select the faces 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Specify offset distance F O

Delete Faces
Modify menu: Solids Editing Delete Faces Command line: solidedit F D

Concepts
With DELETE FACES, we can remove faces and fillets from a 3D solid object.

Procedure
1. Click on the Delete Faces icon or press solidedit 2. Select the faces 3. Right click and click on ENTER F D

Rotate Faces

Modify menu: Solids Editing

Rotate Faces

Command line: solidedit

Concepts
With ROTATE FACES, we can rotate selected faces or a collection of features on a 3D solid object.

Procedure
1. Click on the Rotate Faces icon or press solidedit 2. Select the faces 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Specify an axis point 5. Specify the second point on the rotation axis 6. Specify a rotation angle F R

Taper Faces
Modify menu: Solids Editing Taper Faces Command line: solidedit F T

Concepts
With TAPER FACES, we can taper selected faces with a draft angle along a vector direction.

Procedure
1. Click on the Taper Faces icon or press solidedit 2. Select the faces 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Specify the base point 5. Specify another point along the axis of tapering 6. Specify the taper angle F T

Copy Faces
Modify menu: Solids Editing Copy Faces Command line: solidedit F C

Concepts
With COPY FACES, we can copy selected faces on a 3D solid object as separate regions or bodies.

Procedure
1. Click on Copy Faces icon or press solidedit 2. Select the faces 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Specify a base point or displacement 5. Specify a second point of displacement F C

Color Faces
Modify menu: Solids Editing Copy Faces Command line: solidedit F COL

Concepts
With COLOR FACES, we can change the color of a selected face on a 3D solid object.

Procedure
1. Click on Color Faces icon or press solidedit 2. Select the faces 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Select the color 5. Click on O.K F COL

Copy Edges
Modify menu: Solids Editing Copy Edges Command line: solidedit E C

Concepts
With COPY EDGES, we can copy individual edges on 3D solid object. All edges are copied as lines, arcs, circles, ellipses, or spines.

Procedure
1. Click on Copy Edges icon or press solidedit 2. Select the Edges 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Specify a base point or displacement 5. Specify a second point of displacement E C

Color Edges
Modify menu: Solids Editing Copy Edges Command line: solidedit E COL

Concepts
With COLOR EDGES, we can assign colors to individual edges on our 3D solid object. We can select a color from the seven standard colors or select a color from the Select Color dialog box.

Procedure

1. Click on Color Edges icon or press solidedit 2. Select the Edges 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Select the color 5. Click on O.K

COL

Imprint
Modify menu: Solids Editing Imprint

Concepts
With IMPRINT, we can create new faces on 3D solids by imprinting arcs, circles, lines, 2D and 3D polyline, ellipses, spines, regions, bodies and 3D solids.

Procedure
1. Click on Imprint icon 2. Select a 3D solid 3. Select an object to imprint 4. Delete the source object? [Yes / No]: N

Clean
Modify menu: Solids Editing Clean

Procedure
1. Click on Clean icon 2. Select a 3D solid

Separate
Modify menu: Solids Editing Separate

Procedure
1. Click on Separate icon 2. Select a 3D solid

Shell
Modify menu: Solids Editing Shell

Procedure
1. Click on the Shell icon 2. Select a 3D solid 3. Right click and click on ENTER 4. Enter the shell offset distance

Check
Modify menu: Solids Editing 1. Click on Check icon 2. Select a 3D solid Check

Box
Draw menu: Solids Command line: BOX Box Solids toolbar:

Concepts
With BOX, we can create a solid box. The base of the box is always parallel to the XY plane of the current UCS.

Procedure Cube
1. Click on Box icon or press BOX 2. Specify corner or [cube / Length]: C 3. Specify length

Length
1. Click on Box icon or press BOX 2. Specify corner or [cube / Length]: L 3. Specify length 4. Specify width 5. Specify height

Sphere
Draw menu: Solids Sphere Solids toolbar: Command line: sphere

Procedure Radius
1. Click on Sphere icon 2. Specify the center of sphere 3. Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: R 4. Specify radius

Diameter
1. Click on Sphere icon 2. Specify the center of sphere 3. Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: D 4. Specify diameter

Cylinder
Concepts

With CYLINDER , we can create a solid cylinder with a circular or an elliptical base. The base of the cylinder lies on the XY plane of the current UCS.

Procedure Radius
1. Click on Cylinder icon 2. Specify base point for center of cylinder 3. Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: R 4. Specify radius 5. Specify height of cylinder

Diameter
1. Click on Cylinder icon 2. Specify base point for center of cylinder 3. Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: D

4. Specify Diameter 5. Specify height of cylinder

Cone
Draw menu: Solids Cone Solids toolbar: Command line: CONE

Concepts
With CONE , we can create a solid cone defined by a circular or an elliptical base tapering to a point perpendicular to its base.

Procedure

Radius
1. Click on Cone icon 2. Specify center point for base of cone 3. Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: R 4. Specify radius 5. Specify height of cone

Diameter
1. Click on Cone icon 2. Specify center point for base of cone 3. Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: D 4. Specify diameter 5. Specify height of cone

Wedge
Draw menu: Solids Command line: WE Wedge Solids toolbar:

Concepts
With WEDGE, we can create a solid wedge. The base of the wedge is parallel to the XY plane of the current UCS with the sloped face opposite the first corner. Its height, which can be positive or negative, is parallel to the Z axis.

Procedure Cube
1. Click on Wedge icon or press WE 2. Specify first corner of wedge 3. Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: C 4. Specify length

Length

1. Click on Wedge icon or press WE 2. Specify first corner of wedge 3. Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: L 4. Specify length 5. Specify width 6. Specify height

Torus
Draw menu: Solids Command line: TOR Torus Solids toolbar:

Concepts
With TORUS, we can create a ring-shaped solid similar to the inner tube of a tire. The torus is parallel to and bisected by the XY plane of the current UCS. A torus is defined by two radius values, one for the tube and the other for the distance from the center of the torus to the center of the tube.

Procedure Radius
1. Click on Torus icon 2. Specify center of torus 3. Specify radius of torus or [diameter]: R

4. Specify radius of torus 5. Specify radius of tube

Diameter
1. Click on Torus icon 2. Specify center of torus 3. Specify radius of torus or [diameter]: D 4. Specify diameter of torus 5. Specify diameter of tube

Extrude
Draw menu: Solids Command line: EXT Extrude Solids toolbar:

Concepts
With EXTRUDE, we can create solids by extruding selected objects. We can extrude closed objects such as polylines, polygons, rectangles, circles, ellipses, closed splines, donuts and regions.

Procedure
1. Click on Extrude icon or press Ext

2. Select objects 3. Right click 4. Specify height of extrusion or [Path]..10 5. Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:

Revolve
Draw menu: Solids Command line: REV Revolve Solids toolbar:

Concepts
With REVOLVE, we can create a solid by revolving a closed object about the X or Y axis of the current UCS, using a specified angle. We can also revolve the object about a line, polyline, or two specified points. Similar to EXTRUDE, REVOLVE is useful for objects that contain fillets or other details that would otherwise be difficult to reproduce in a common profile.

Procedure
1. Click on Revolve icon or press REV 2. Select objects 3. Right click 4. Specify first point of axis 5. Specify endpoint point of axis 6. Specify angle of revolution <360>:

Slice
Draw menu: Solids Command line: SL Slice Solids toolbar:

Concepts
With SLICE, we can create a new solid by cutting the existing solid and removing a specified side. We can retain one or both halves of the sliced solids. The sliced solids retain the layer and color properties of the original solids.

Procedure Keep One Side

1. Click on Slice icon or press SL 2. Select objects 3. Right click 4. Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3Points]: 3Points 5. Specify second point on plane 6. Specify third point on plane 7. Specify a point on desired side of the plane

Keep Both Sides

1. Click on Slice icon or press SL 2. Select objects 3. Right click 4. Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3Points]: 3Points 5. Specify second point on plane 6. Specify third point on plane 7. Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both Sides]: B

2D Solid
Draw menu: Surfaces Command line: SO 2D Solid Surfaces toolbar:

Procedure
1. Click on 2D Solid icon

2. Specify first point 3. Specify second point 4. Specify third point 5. Specify forth point 6. Right click to exit

3D Face
Draw menu: Surfaces Command line: 3F 3D Face Surfaces toolbar:

Procedure
1. Click on 3D Face icon or press 3F 2. Specify first point 3. Specify second point 4. Specify third point 5. Specify forth point 6. Right click to exit

Box

Procedure

Cube
1. Click on Box icon 2. Specify corner point of box 3. Specify length of box 4. Specify Width of box or [Cube]: C 5. Specify rotation angle of box about Z axis30

Length
1. Click on Box icon 2. Specify corner point of box 3. Specify length of box 4. Specify Width of box or [Cube]: 5. Specify height of box 6. Specify rotation angle of box about Z axis30

Wedge

Procedure
1. Click on Wedge icon 2. Specify corner point of wedge 3. Specify length of wedge 4. Specify width of wedge 5. Specify height of wedge 6. Specify rotation angle of wedge about Z axis30

Pyramid
Procedure

1. Click on Pyramid icon 2. Specify first corner point for base of pyramid 3. Specify second corner point for base of pyramid 4. Specify third corner point for base of pyramid 5. Specify forth corner point for base of pyramid 6. Specify apex point of pyramid

Cone

Procedure

Radius
1. Click on Cone icon 2. Specify corner point for base of cone 3. Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: R 4. Specify radius of cone5 5. Specify radius for top of cone <0>: 6. Specify height of cone8 7. Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16>:

Diameter
1. Click on Cone icon 2. Specify corner point for base of cone 3. Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: D 4. Specify Diameter of cone5 5. Specify Diameter for top of cone <0> 6. Specify height of cone8 7. Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16>:

Sphere
Procedure

1. Click on Sphere icon 2. Specify center point of sphere 3. Specify radius of Sphere or [Diameter]: R 4. Specify radius 5. Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: 6. Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>:

Dome

Procedure Radius
1. Click on Dome icon 2. Specify center point of dome 3. Specify radius of dome or [Diameter]: R 4. Specify radius dome 5. Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dome <16>: 6. Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dome <8>:

Diameter
1. Click on Dome icon 2. Specify center point of dome 3. Specify radius of dome or [Diameter]: D 4. Specify Diameter of dome 5. Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dome <16>: 6. Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dome <8>:

Dish

Procedure Radius
1. Click on Dish icon 2. Specify center point of dish 3. Specify radius of dish or [Diameter]: R 4. Specify radius of dish 5. Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dish <16>: 6. Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dish <8>:

Diameter
1. Click on Dish icon 2. Specify center point of dish 3. Specify radius of dish or [Diameter]: D 4. Specify Diameter of dish 5. Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dish <16>: 6. Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dish <8>:

Torus
Procedure Radius
1. Click on Torus icon 2. Specify center point of torus 3. Specify radius of torus or [Diameter]: R 4. Specify radius of torus 5. Specify radius of tube 6. Enter number of segments around tube circumference <16>: 7. Enter number of segments around torus circumference <16>:

Diameter

1. Click on the Torus icon 2. Specify center point of torus 3. Specify radius of torus or [Diameter]: D 4. Specify diameter of torus 5. Specify diameter of tube 6. Enter number of segments around tube circumference <16>: 7. Enter number of segments around torus circumference <16>:

3D Array
Modify menu: 3D Operation Array Command line: 3A

Procedure Rectangle
1. Click Modify menu Array or press 3A 2. Select the object to array 3. Specify Rectangle 4. Enter the number of rows 5. Enter the number of columns 6. Enter the number of levels 7. Specify the distance between rows 8. Specify the distance between columns 9. Specify the distance between levels

Polar
1. Click Modify menu Array or press 3A 2. Select the object to array 3. Specify Polar 4. Enter the number of items to array 5. Specify the angle that the arrayed objects are to fill 6. Press Y to rotate the objects or enter N to retain their orientation 7. Specify the start point and endpoint of the axis about which the objects are to be rotate

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Arc Area Align

A B C

A AA AL

AP AR 3A AV B BH BO BR

Load / Unload Application Array 3D Array Ariel View Block Hatch Boundary Break

C CH CHA CO COL CP

Circle Properties Chamfer Copy Object Color Copy

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Dimension Style Dimension Aligned Dimension Angular Dimension Baseline Design Center Dimension Continue Dimension Edit Distance Divide Dimension Linear Donut Dimension Ordinate Draw Order Dimension Radius Drafting Setting Dimension Style Single Line Text Define View

D DAL DAN DBA DC DCO DED DI DIV DLI DO DOR DR DRA DS DST DT DV

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Erase Text Edit Ellipse Extend Quit Export Extrude Fillet Filter 3D Face

E F G

E ED EL EX EXIT EXP EXT F FI 3F

G GR

Object Grouping Options

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Hatch Hatch Edit Hide

H I J

H HE HI

I IM IMP IN INF IO J JPGOUT

Insert Image Manager Import Intersection Interfere Insert Object Join Create Raster File

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Line Layer Quick Leader Lengthen List Layout List Linetype Linetype Scale Lineweight

L LA LE LEN LI LO LS LT LTS LW

M MA ME MI ML MO MS MT MV

Move Match Properties Measure Mirror Multiline Properties Model Space Multiline Text Model View

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Offset Options Object Snap 3D Orbit

O P

O OP OS ORBIT

P PA PE PL PO POL PR PS PTW PU

Pan Paste Special Poly Edit Poly Line Point Polygon Properties Paper Space Publish To Web Purge

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Redraw Redraw All Regenerating Model Region All Rectangle Region Rename Revolve Rotate Rendering Preferences Render Stretch Scale Script Drafting Setting Section Set Variables Shade Mode Slice Snap

R RA RE REA REC REG REN REV RO RPR RR S SC SCR SE SEC SET SHA SL SN

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Solid Spell Spline Spline Edit Text Style Standards Subtract

S T

SO SP SPL SPE ST STA SU

T TA TH TI TO TOL TOR TP TR

Multiline Text Tablet Thickness Tile Mode Customize Tolerance Torus Tool Palettes Trim

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Undo UCS Manager Units Union

U V W

U UC UN UNI

V VP

View View Point

W WE

Write Block Wedge

COMMAND LINE

COMMAND NAME
Explode External Reference Attach External Reference Bind External Reference Clip Construction Line External Reference Zoom Zoom All Zoom Center Zoom Dynamic Zoom Extent Zoom Object Zoom Scale Zoom Real Time

X Z

X XA XB XC XL XR Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z

A C D E O S

SHORTCUT
CTR + A CTR + B CTR + C CTR + D CTR + E CTR + F CTR + G CTR + H CTR + J CTR + K CTR + L CTR + M CTR + N CTR + O CTR + P

COMMAND NAME
Select All Snap ON / OFF Copy Clip Co-Ordinate ON / OFF Isoplane Top / Left / Right Object Snap ON / OFF Grid ON / OFF Pick Style Repeat Command Insert Hyperlink ortho ON / OFF Repeat Command Select Template Select File Print

SHORTCUT
CTR + Q CTR + S CTR + T CTR + U CTR + V CTR + W CTR + X CTR + Y CTR + Z CTR + 0 (Zero) CTR + 1 CTR + 2 CTR + 3 CTR + 4 CTR + 5 CTR + 6 CTR + 7

COMMAND NAME
Quit Save Changes Tablet ON / OFF Polar ON / OFF Paste Clip object Snap Tracking ON / OFF Cut To Clipboard Redo Undo Clear Screen ON / OFF Properties Design Center Tool Palettes Sheet Set Manager Info Palette DB Connect Manager Mark Up Set Manager

SHORTCUT
ALT + D ALT + E ALT + F ALT + H ALT + I ALT + M ALT + N ALT + O ALT + T ALT + V ALT + W F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F11

COMMAND NAME
Draw Menu Edit Menu File Menu Help Menu Insert Menu Modify Menu Dimension Menu Format Menu Tools Menu View Menu Window Menu Help Text Window Object Snap ON / OFF Tablet ON / OFF Isoplane Top /Right /Left Co-Ordinate ON / OFF Grid ON / OFF Ortho ON / OFF Snap ON / OFF Object Snap Tracking ON / OFF

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