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LONGMAN

DICTIONARY

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LONGMAN

>1

DICTIONARY

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11

Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout

the World

Visit our website: http://www.longman.com/dictionaries

Pearson Education Limited 2000

All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers. First published 2000 06 08 09

07

05

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cata/oging in publication data Longman phrasal verbs dictionary: over 5000 phrasal verbs. p. cm. I. English language-Verb phrase-Dictionaries. I. Title: Phrasal verbs dictionary. 11.Longman (Firm: New York, N.Y.) PE1319 .L66 2000 423'.I-dc21

Words that the editors have reason to believe constitute trademarks have been described as such. However, neither the presence nor the absence of such a description should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark. ISBN

o 582
o

291836 (Cased edition) 582 291828 (Paperback edition)

Set in 8/8.3 Stempel Schneidler by Peter White & Peter Wray Printed in China PPLC/04

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CONTENTS
page
Acknowledgements Guide to using the dictionary Introduction vii viii xi

The dictionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Phrasal verb activator Clothes Computers Continue Drinking Driving Eating Leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Like/dislike Love & friendship On the telephone Problems Sleeping & awake Start Stop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TV/radio/lights/machines Weather Irregular verbs 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 605

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vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Director Production Manager

Della Summers
Editorial Director

Clive McKeough
Project Manager

Adam Gadsby
Publishers

Alan Savill
Project Coordinator

Denise Denney
Editorial Manager Editor

Laurence Delacroix Emma Campbell

Managing Editor

Sheila Dallas
Production Design

Chris Fox
Editors

Andrew Taylor Jenny Fleet

Keyboarder

Sheila Dignen Ted Jackson [o Leigh Evadne Adrian-Vallance

Lexicographers

Pauline Savill
Production Assistant

Susan Braund
Proofreaders

Elaine Pollard
Korey Egge

Evadne Adrian-Vallance [o Leigh Ted Jackson Martin Stark We would like to acknowledge project by Robert Alien.

Alison Steadman Gerard Delaney

Cover

Andrea Hoyle the development work done for this

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viii

GUIDE TO USING THE DICTIONARY

MAIN VERB
FORMS OF THE VERB Past tense, past participle, and present participle of main verb

PHRASAL VERB
Phrasal verbs are listed under main verbs in alphabetical order: FREQUENCY STAR Commonly used phrasal verbs are marked with a star: GRAMMAR PATTERNS show whether the phrasal verb has an object, and where you put the object. The object is written as '5th' or 'sb',

FIXED PHRASE Fixed phrases that contain a phrasal verb are shown in bold,

USAGE NOTE This gives you extra information about when to use the ph rasal verb, GRAMMAR HELP This tells you if the phrasal verb is used or not in the passive or progressive, LABELS Labels tell you if a verb IS formal, informal, spoken, or literary English,

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DEFINITION Definitions are written using the 2000-word Longman defining vocabulary, which makes them clear and easy to use.

LABELS Labels also tell you if a verb is only used in American English (AmE) or British English (8rE).

SIMILARTO references show verbs and phrasal verbs with similar meaning. OPPOSITE references show verbs and phrasal verbs with opposite meaning.

PREPOSITIONS Prepositions used with the phrasal verb are shown in bold. RELATED NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES These are shown after the sense of the phrasal verb they refer to.

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xi

INTRODUCTION
I. What is a phrasal verb?
A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words. Most phrasal verbs of two words - the first word is a verb, and the second word is a particle. The is either an adverb or a preposition. Examples of common phrasal verbs include go off, turn on, make out, and deal with. There are also some three-word verbs, for example catch up with, look forward to. consist particle get up, phrasal

An important feature of phrasal verbs is that they are typically idiomatic. Therefore the whole meaning of a phrasal verb cannot be understood by simply putting together the meanings of its individual parts. For example, the meaning of cany out (=do) in the sentence Scientists carried out an experiment is not related to the normal meaning of 'carry' or the meaning of 'out'. Similarly, you could not guess the meaning of pull up (=stop) in the sentence A car pulled up outside the house from the separate meanings of 'pull' and 'up'. A phrasal verb such as answer back (=answer rudely) is related to the meaning of the verb 'answer', but this would not help you to guess the meaning of answer back. Where a verb freely combines with an adverb or preposition to produce an ordinary meaning, this is NOT a phrasal verb. In sentences such as The boy fell off his bike and We carried some chairs out into the garden, 'fall off' and 'carry out' are not phrasal verbs.

2. Types of phrasal verb included in this dictionary

idiomatic combinations above of VERB + ADVERBIPREPOSmON of the type described

verbs that only exist in combination with a particular preposition or adverb, such as rely on, amount to, gee up; and also verbs that only produce a particular meaning when combined with a particular prepositon or adverb, such as deal with, abide by, relate to VERB + ADVERB combinations that mean almost the same as the verb itself: eg eat up, hurry up, toil away, where the adverb adds emphasis or an idea of completeness or continuity to the action of the verb phrasal verbs that always have 'it' as their object: eg hit it off, jump to it, slug it out reflexive phrasal verbs, where the object is always 'myself', 'yourself', pride yourself on, avail yourself of, lend itself to 'itself' ete: eg

NB Do not expect to find fixed idiomatic phrases such as 'step out of line' and 'eat your heart out' in this book. You can find them in the Longman Idioms Dictionary.

3. How do I find the phrasal verb I want in this dictionary?

First look for the main verb. Phrasal verbs are listed alphabetically according to their particles after each main verb. When you get to the phrasal verb you want, you will find that the senses of each phrasal verb are listed in order of frequency. This means that the commonest meanings are listed first. The commonest and most useful phrasal verb meanings have a next to them, so that you can see which are the most important ones to know,

i~

For example, suppose you are looking for get up, meaning to 'get out of bed'. First look for the main verb GET. Get up is near the end of the phrasal verbs in GET, after phrasal verbs such as get about, get ahead, and get together. You then need to look for which sense of get up you want. The sense of get up meaning to 'get out of bed' is the first sense given. This means that it is the most

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frequently used sense - in this dictionary the senses of the phrasal verbs are listed in order of frequency, so the most frequent sense comes first.

4. Grammar information
The new Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary demonstrates clearly how phrasal verbs are used, with grammar patterns shown at each sense. These show whether a phrasal verb takes an object, where the object goes, and whether the object is human or nonhuman. Grammar patterns are also placed in order of frequency. at tum on (=make something

For example, patterns: Iturn on

start working),

there are two grammar

Isthl

Iturn

I~

These patterns show that the object can come either after the phrasal verb or between the verb and the particle. NB The examples also show how this phrasal verb is used, and how the position of the object can vary - I turned on the radio and listened to the 6 o'clock news. I Could you turn

the oven on if you're going into the kitchen? I Marion walked over to the overhead projector and turned it on.
At nod off (=start to go to sleep), there is only one grammar pattern: I nod off I This grammar pattern shows that the verb does not take an object. The examples also show this:

Old Tom had nodded off in front of the television. I I missed the end of her lecture - I think I must have nodded off.
At join in (=take part in an activity with other people) the grammar patterns are: Ijoin inl Ijoin in ~

These grammar patterns show that join in can be used without an object, or with an object immediately after the phrasal verb. The examples also show this:

When we come to the chorus, I want everyone to join in. I Politely, he joined in the laughter.
At talk into (=persuade someone to do something, especially unwilling to do), the following grammatical pattern is shown: something they are

Italk [Sb] into I~

This shows that talk into must have two objects, the first is a person (sb), and the second is a thing (5th). The examples also show this:

I should never have let you talk me into this crazy scheme. I "Why did you go with him?" "Wen he sort of talked me into it!"

Separable phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs such as turn on, put off, and rip off, all of which can take an object in the middle of the phrasal verb or after the phrasal verb, are usually called 'separable' phrasal verbs. With separable phrasal verbs, the following rules apply: If the object is a pronoun, such as 'it', 'her', 'them', 'me', 'you' etc, it must come between the verb and the adverb: eg tum off If you're not listening to the radio, I'll turn it off. (NOT I'll turn off it.) If the object is a long phrase, it should come at the end, after the phrasal verb: eg carry out The French carried out a series of six nuclear tests.

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5. Other useful information in this dictionary

Synonyms and opposites

A synonym is a word or phrase that has the same meaning as another word. If a phrasal verb has a synonym or a word that has almost the same meaning, this is shown at the end of that sense of the phrasal verb. The synonym can be a verb, a phrasal verb, or a verb phrase. The synonym(s) are introduced by the words 'SIMILAR TO'. Here are some examples: At put off (=delay doing something a later time)
SIMILARTO, postpone

until later, or arrange for something

to happen at

At head for (=go towards a place)

SIMILARTO, make for

At put on (=make a light or machine start working)

SIMILARTO, switch

on, turn on

Opposites

are shown as follows:

turn up (=increase the amount of sound, heat etc)

OPPOSITE, turn down

Information about whether or not a phrasal verb is passive

Phrasal verbs that are usually passive are marked 'USUALLY PASSNE'. Phrasal verbs that are never used in the passive are marked 'NOT PASSNE'. If a phrasal verb is only normally used in the passive, it is shown in its passive form in bold at the head of the entry. For example, at be booked up (=there are no more seats, rooms, places etc available used in British English), only the form be booked up is shown.

Related nouns or adjectives

Nouns and adjectives which are related to a phrasal verb are shown after the meaning of the phrasal verb that they are derived from. For example, blackout (noun) appears after the phrasal verb black out (=suddenly become unconscious), and made-up (adjective) appears after the phrasal verb make up (=invent a story, name etc)

Labels
The following labels are used in this dictionary:

ErE AmE spoken informal formal old-fashioned literary technical taboo

used in British English used in American English used mainly in spoken English used when speaking or writing to people that you know well used in speeches, conversation in serious or official writing, but not in ordinary hear it

used by people in the past, although being used now

you may sometimes

used in literature but not in ordinary conversation used when talking or writing about specific technical subjects which are not familiar to most ordinary people this expression use it is extremely rude and offensive and you should not

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