Illustration of Airport technologies, Energy efficiency measures and finding out the utility cost per passenger

GMR Hyderabad International Airport Ltd. Shamshabad 501 218, Ranga Reddy District, A.P., India.

A.S.K.Ghori Manager, Learning and development, GMR Airport Developers Limited., Phone: 040-24008201 Mobile: 91-9949999167 E-Mail: ask.ghori@gmrgroup.in

Period of training:

01-06-09 to 13-07-09

Submitted by:
B Sravanth Dual ECE 6502929
Jaypee institute of information Technology University,Noida.
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Declaration

I here by declare that this project report entitled Illustration of Airport technologies, Energy efficiency measures and finding out the utility cost per passenger in GMR Hyderabad International Airport Ltd is an original unpublished work done during my summer training for the partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Electronics and Communication Skills). I declare that the content of the above mentioned project are original and have not been submitted in part or full for any other degree or diploma of this or any other organization, institute or university.

B SRAVANTH DECE (4th Year) JIIT, Noida

Acknowledgment

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Dr A.S.K.Ghori Manager (Learning and

development.) GMR Airport Developers Limited,

for his thoughtfulness, support and

encouragement.

Last but never the least; I would like to acknowledge the inspiring guidance given by the various departments of the Airport to make me understand the basic concepts of the Airport technologies. I would like to thank, respected Mr.Amit lama, Mr. vasu deva reddy and Mr mohan prasad, GMR, the staff of PMT department for their support and guidance given to me.

B SRAVANTH DECE (4th Year) JIIT, Noida

Index
S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

Introduction

Description of the organization

Specifications of the Airport

Description of the work carried out.

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DETAILS OF DATA COLLECTED RESULTS

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CONCLUSIONS

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INTRODUCTION
India is considered one of the fastest growing aviation markets in the world. With rapid liberalization of the Indian aviation policy, growth in air travel per capita and boom in the business/tourism sectors, the need for internationally benchmarked airports is greater than ever. The city of Hyderabad is a natural aviation hub, owing to its strategic location on the map of India. It is connected to all major Indian airports within two hours flying time. Internationally too, Hyderabad makes an ideal halt over or transit point for flights from west to east and vice versa. Taking advantage of the rapidly expanding Indian aviation sector and leveraging Hyderabad's strategic location, this new airport is positioned to become an important hub on the global aviation map. The newly constructed Hyderabad International Airport Limited (GHIAL) is the first Green Field Airport in India promoted by GMR Group based on Build, Own and Operate (BOO) framework .It is designed to handle having a capacity to handle 12 Million Passengers Per Annum (MPPA). The airport is located near Shamshabad at the outskirts of the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad in the Rangareddy District, Andhra Pradesh. The following report focuses on the illustration of Airport technologies and illustration of efficiency measures and finding out the utility cost per passenger. It also compares this airport with other airports and how better technology used in this airport is helping in the reduction of costs. But because of the latest global economic slow down the revenues of the airport as well as the airlines have decreased considerably and this affecting the airport developers .so hence all the airport developers are in the process of reducing their costs as much as possible and also trying to pass on the costs to the passengers. So one of the key costs for the airline developers is providing water and power for the passengers. This internship is all about finding out the utility consumption per passenger i.e finding out the usage of power and water in terms of cost per passenger and the ways to reduce them using efficient and advanced technology. And there by reducing the costs for maintaining the airport which is a part of the cost reduction process since the decrease in no of passengers has already hit the airport developers very badly.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION

Public Private Partnership Public Private Partnership GMR Hyderabad International Airport Ltd., is a public-private joint venture between GMR Group, Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad and both the State Government of Andhra Pradesh and Airports Authority of India (AAI). GMR Group holds 63% of the equity, MAHB 11%, while the Government of Andhra Pradesh and Airports Authority of India each hold 13%.

GMR Group www.gmrgroup.co.in GMR Group is one of the fastest growing infrastructure organizations in the country with interests in Airports, Energy, Highways and Urban Infrastructure. Employing the Public Private Partnership model, the Group has successfully implemented several infrastructural projects in India. GMR Infrastructure Limited is the holding company for all its infrastructure projects. The other focus area of the Group is Agri - Business with sugar and other related products as the main product line. GMR Industries Limited is the holding company for the Group's Agri - Business.

Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (MAHB) www.malaysiaairports.com.my MAHB currently operates and manages 38 commercial airports in Malaysia, of which 5 are major international airports including the Kuala Lumpur International Airport.
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 Apart from being an investor, MAHB provided technical services to The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport.

Governement of Andhra Pradesh www.aponline.gov.in Andhra Pradesh is one of the most progressive states in India. Over the past few years, the state has recorded significant economic growth primarily contributed by growth in secondary and tertiary sectors. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has provided the land and financial support to the airport, while also ensuring availability of power, water and road infrastructure.

Airports Authority of India (AAI) www.airportsindia.org.in AAI is the nodal agency for Indian airports and is responsible for developing, managing and operating all major airports in the country. AAI manages 133 Airports including 17 international Airports, 8 Custom Airports, 24 Civil Enclaves at Defense Airfields and 80 domestic Airports. In addition, AAI provides CNS/ ATM facilities at 4 Airports (Source: As per AAI Review of traffic report (2006 2007)). AAI provides ATM (Air Traffic Management) services at the new airport.

Specifications of the Airport

Sr. No. Facilities Design Features for a Capacity of 12 MPPA

1 a b Runway Orientation Runway Length 9/27 4260 m

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c d 2 a

(Designed to Handle Latest A380 Aircrafts and Existing Long Haul Air Crafts) Runway Width Lighting System

60 m + 7.5 m shoulder on either side Precision Approach Category 1 type Approach Lighting System on both sides of the Runway Length of the taxiway increased to 4395 m (including isolation bay), which will be parallel to runway. 4395 m 60 m (Could be used for visual approach Landing in Case of Emergency) 2 No. Apron Taxiway : Linking Apron area to the Parallel Taxiway Cargo Taxiway : Linking Cargo area to the Parallel Taxiway Maintenance Taxiway : Linking Maintenance Hangers to parallel Taxiway Linking General aviation to parallel Taxiway Contact Stands: 12 No. Remote : 30 No. 4 No 1 No 115339 m2 2300 persons 12 No. 46 No. 32 No. 30 No 4 No.

Number of taxiway

Length Width

3 a 4 Number of exit ways Other Taxiways

5 a b 6 7 PTB Cargo Maintenance Hangers a Built up area b Capacity of waiting Lounge c Aerobridges d Immigration Desks e Elevators Escalators f Transport conveyor for Baggage Handling System

g CUSS checking counters h Visual docking guidance system i Additional gate counters for departure boarding bridges j Expansion of domestic bus gates 8 Cargo Terminal Building (Built up area) 9 Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance Systems 10

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6 No. 14740 m2 Up-gradable Category 1 Approach Lighting System on both sides of the Runway: Increased safety under low visibility weather condition for RVR of 800 m

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Infrastructure Facilities Main Access Road from 4 Lane Rotary 3 to western end boundary Fuel Facility Fuel Farm with Hydrant facility (Tanks 3 of 4500 KL each) Car Park 3000 car parks Other Facilities Maintenance Work Shop and Stores One more floor will be constructed over a present building ATC Technical building expansion New office building Ground Handling Equipment Cat 10 CRF Equipment Fire Detection Alarm and Fire Hydrant System Met Equipment Use of Building Management System Software Monitoring of Air conditioning Equipment, Fire Protection Equipment, Lifts, Electrical Systems Centralized monitoring of all operational and security Equipment and Lighting Systems. Semi-automatic storage and retrieval systems
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Miscellaneous Systems

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Airport Management Systems

with minimum human intervention for smaller shipments for cargo handling EDI implementation for Airport to receive the general manifest electronically before arrival of Aircraft at Airport.

DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK CARRIED OUT

Mainly the work done has been divided in to 3 parts Illustration of Airport Technolgy Illustration of efficiency measures Finding out the utility cost per passenger. Illustration of Airport technology : the main technologies used at the aiport are AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS : Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircarft on the ground and in the air. The primary purpose of ATC systems worldwide is to separate aircraft to prevent collisions, to organize and expedite the flow of traffic. The primary method of controlling the immediate airport environment is visual observation from the airport traffic control tower (ATC). The ATC is a tall, windowed structure located on the airport ground with a height of 180mt or 22 floors.. ATC controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicles operating on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and aircraft in the air near the airport.

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The areas of responsibility for ATC controllers fall into three general operational disciplines; Local Control or Air Control, Ground Control, and Flight Data/Clearance Delivery -- other categories, such as Apron Control or Ground Movement Planner, may exist at extremely busy airports. Ground Control Ground Control is responsible for the airport movement areas, as well as areas not released to the airlines or other users. This generally includes all taxiways, inactive runways, holding areas, and some transitional aprons or intersections where aircraft arrive, having vacated the runway or departure gate. Exact areas and control responsibilities are clearly defined in local documents and agreements at each airport. Any aircraft, vehicle, or person walking or working in these areas is required to have clearance from Ground Control. This is normally done via VHF/UHF radio. . Most aircraft and airside vehicles have radios. Aircraft or vehicles without radios must respond to ATC instructions. People working on the airport surface normally have a communications link through which they can communicate with Ground Control, commonly either by handheld radio or even mobile. Ground Control is vital to the smooth operation of the airport, because this position impacts the sequencing of departure aircraft, affecting the safety and efficiency of the airport's operation.

Local Control or Air Control

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Local Control is responsible for the active runway surfaces. Local Control clears aircraft for takeoff or landing, ensuring that prescribed runway separation will exist at all times. Within the ATC, a highly disciplined communications process between Local Control and Ground Control is an absolute necessity. Ground Control must request and gain approval from Local Control to cross any active runway with any aircraft or vehicle. Likewise, Local Control must ensure that Ground Control is aware of any operations that will impact the taxiways, and work with the approach radar controllers to create holes or gaps in the arrival traffic to allow taxiing traffic to cross runways and to allow departing aircraft to take off.

Approach and terminal control The Hyderabad airports has a radar control facility that is associated with the airport. Terminal controllers handle traffic tillthe aircraft reaches the next radar. The actual airspace boundaries and altitudes assigned to a terminal control are based on factors such as traffic flows, neighboring airports and terrain, and vary widely from airport to airport .Terminal controllers are responsible for providing all ATC services within their airspace. Traffic flow is broadly divided into departures, arrivals, and over flights. As aircraft move in and out of the terminal airspace, they are handed off to the next appropriate control facility. Terminal control is responsible for ensuring that aircraft are at an appropriate altitude when they are handed off, and that aircraft arrive at a suitable rate for landing.

Aero Bridges

Aero bridge is an enclosed, movable connector which extends from an airport terminal gate to an airplane there by enabling passengers to board and disembark without having to go outside.

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The advantages of this bridges are a lot of costs can saved in by avoiding the use of ground access vehicles. These are present in all the newly constructed airports and they save the airline companies huge amount of money.

Illustration of efficiency measures

Make It Flexible: Any airport will be under constant changes. There is general requirement for expansion and changes in response to changing demands. Therefore the design is such that it is easy to change and expand the building, with minimal disruption to airport operations and impact to environment. Faade design :
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The faade design for the PTB emphasized on two basic aspects, i.e, having high level of thermal insulation to keep the heat out and allowing maximum amount of day light entering the building without compromising on insulation properties. Great emphasis was placed on choosing materials that are appropriate for a morden world class airport. The materials must be easy to maintain and should be environmentally both in production and in use with in the building. other measures adopted are illustrated below
Building envelop Better insulated walls and roofs. Double insulated vacuum sealed glass. Lighting Use of day lighting in F level during the day time to reduce artificial lighting. Building automation system for lighting. Electronic ballasts for lamps. Timer based controls for outside lighting,car parking, main access road.

HVAC: Energy efficient centrifugal compressors for chilled water system with auto switch on/off depending upon the load Use of Environmentally friendly refrigerant (R 134a). Provision of VFDs for secondary chiller pumps. Provision of AHUs with VFDs. Integrating Building Management system to operate HVAC. CO2 sensor based control for fresh air into the building Others: Provision of VFDs for STP Air Blowers. Provision of VFDs for Irrigation Pumps. Provision of VFDs for Fuel Hydrant System. Thus this airport is achieving power savings to a maximum extent of 25-30 Finding out the utility cost per passenger. The basic aim to find out the cost per passenger in terms of water and power consumption .
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For this we have to find the total amount of water consumed from various outlets and then divided by the number of passengers gives the average consumption of water per passenger and multiplied by the cost gives the total cost. At the Hyderabad international airport the water consumption is described briefly by the following diagram.

The step by step procedure for collecting the water consumed is The water collected at the WTP(water treatment plant) comes from the HYDERABAD METRO WATER SERVICE(HMWS). The water collected here is purified and then pumped to different areas of the airport as shown above. The water meter reading is collected here and as well as the power reading.

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( the power reading here is the sum of both the power required to purify the water as well the power required to purify it). Then the water and power meter readings are collected at each and every point . This data has to be collected for every month for the financial year 2008-2009. After this the water meter reading collected for respective months are calculated and hence we get the total water consumption .

Now we need to find the total number of passengers (this includes both arrivals and departures) , dividing the total water consumption by the number of passengers gives the AVG WATER CONCUMPTION PER PASSENGER. This divided multiplied the cost per litre of water gives the total cost .

Similarly the same procedure is to be followed for finding out the utility cost per

passenger in terms of power.

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DETAILS OF DATA COLLECTED

Power Consumption: Power consumption details depict that power consumption of this airport under operation are slowly being reduced due to implementation of energy efficiency measures
Tabular column for the year 2008-2009(power consumption)

Month July 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08 Jan 09 Feb 09 Mar 09 Apr 09 May 09 Jun 09

Power Consumption(Kwh)
1321239 1194702 2850816 1492215 1555133 1547367 1792461 1597940 1601121 1604463 1598729 1642134

No of Passengers 520000 530000 470000 480000 485000 515000 510000 490000 480000 500000 512000 525000

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Tabular column for the year 2008-2009(water consumption) Month July 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08 Jan 09 Feb 09 Mar 09 Apr 09 May 09 Jun 09 Water Consumption(KL)
7496.62 5752.13 4875 4467.6 6127 5323.5 5648 5810 5627.7 7398 6549 6915.868

No of Passengers 520000 530000 470000 480000 485000 515000 510000 490000 480000 500000 512000 525000

RESULTS

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CONCLUSIONS

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The per passenger consumption of water is 22.4L per day(per passenger) which is far below the standards which is 45L(per passenger). The per passenger consumption of power is 19.43Kwh per month(per passenger) Decrease in the Power consumption(KWH) due to implementation of energy efficiency measures has resulted in the decrease in power production at the power generation unit with in the connected grid Waste water after treatment is recycled back with in the facility resulting in reduction in fresh water consumption by 16%.

Based on the sustainability aspects incorporated, USGBC has certified GHIAL as LEED SILVER rated airport.

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