Matrices and Determinants Definitions and formula 1. 2. 3. 4.

A square matrix A is symmetric if A = A A square matrix A is skew symmetric if A = - A Square matrix = symmetric matrix + skew symmetric matrix i.e A = (A +A ) +1/2 ( A A) Area of the triangle with vertices (x1y1), (x2,y2)and (x3y3)is given by = x1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 x 3 y3 1 x 1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 =0 x 3 y3 1

5. If points (x1 ,y1) , (x2,y2), (x3,y3) are collinear then

6. Minor of an element of a determinant : Minor of an element aij of a determinant is a determinant obtained by deleting the ith row and jth column of a given determinant. Minor of a element aij is denoted by Mij. 7. Co factor of an element of a determinant. Ca factor of an element aij of a determinant & denoted by Aij, is given by Aij = (-1)i+j Mij where Mij is minor of an element aij. 8. For Singular matrix,
A

=0
( a j . A) d

9. If A is a square matrix of order 3x3, then 10. A-1 = Adj A

A

A 2

11. (AB) -1 = B-1 A-1 12. Solution of system of equations using Matrices Let the given system be a1x+b1y+c1z = d1 a2x+b2y+c2z =d2 a3x+b3y+c3z = d3 A= a1 b1 c1 X= x ; B= d1 a2 b2 c2 ; y d2 a3 b3 c3 z d3 AX=B is matrix equation . Its solution is X= A-1 B

QUESTION BANK(MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS) 4 MARKS QUESTIONS MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 1. Solve the following system of equation by matrix method: 2x y + 3z = 5 3x + 2y z = 7 4x + 5y 5z = 9 2. Prove that a+b b+c c+a b+c c+a a+b c+a a+b b+c = a b c

2 b c a c a b

3. Using properties of determinants, show that: 1 a 1 b 1 c a2-bc b2-ca = 0 c2-ab 2 -2 -4 -1 3 4 1 -2 -3 5. Obtain the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operations: A= 3 4 1 2 6. Solve the following stem of equation using matrix method: 3x + 4y + 2z = 8, 2y 3z = 3, x -2y + 6z = -2 7. If A = 3 1 show that A2 _ 5A + 7I = 0. Hence find A-1 -1 2 , as the sum of a symmetric and a

4. Express the matrix B = skew symmetric matrix.

8. Prove the following by the principle of Mathematical Induction: If A = 3 -4 then 1 -1 An = 1+2n n -4n , when n N 1-2n

9. If A = 0 1 Prove that (aI + bA)n = anI + nan-1bA. Where I is a unit matrix of order 2 and n is a 0 1 , positive integer.

10. Using properties of determinants, prove that: a+b+2c a b c b+c+2a b = 2(a+b+c)3 c a c+a+2b

11. If a, b, and c are real numbers, and

b+c c+a a+b c+a a+b b+c = 0 a+b b+c c+a

show that a + b + c = 0 or a = b = c. 12. Using properties of determinants evaluate: x y x+y y x+y x x+y x y 2 13. Using elementary transforms, find the inverse of -6 1

-2

14. Using properties of determinants, prove that: -bc b2+bc 2 a +ac -ac a2+ab b2+ab c2+bc c2+ac = (ab+bc+ac)3 -ab

1 3 5 15. Express A = -6 8 3 matrix. -4 6 5

as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric

16. By using properties of determinants, show that: a2+1 ab ca ab ac 2 b +1 bc = 1+a2+b2+c2 cb c2+1

17. If A = 2 3 and B = 1 -2 , then verify (AB)-1 = B-1A-1 1 -4 -1 3

18. Using properties of determinants, show that: 1 1 a b a3 b3 1 c = (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)(a+b+c) c3

19. If A = 3 2 , find the value of a and b such that A2+Aa+bI = 0, Hence find A1

1 1 20. Using properties of determinants, show that: a-b-c 2a 2b b-c-a 2c 2c

2a 2b c-a-b

= (a+b+c)3

21. If A = 0 tan

tan

1 0

cos

-sin

and I = 0 1 ,show that (I+A) = (I-A) sin 0

cos

22. Using properties of determinants prove that: y+z z+x x+y x z y y x = (x+y+z) (x-z)2 z

23. Prove that a2 2ab b2 b2 a2 2ab = (a3+b3)2 2ab b2 a2

24. Prove: a a+b 2a 3a+2b 3a 6a+3b a+b+c 4a+3b+2c = a3 10a+6b+3c

25. If A = 3 7

1 5 , find x and y such that A2+xI = yA. Hence find A-1

QUESTION BANK Matrices and Determinants (6 Marks Questions)

a c

1) Find the inverse of the matrix A= I=aA 2)

1 1 + bc and show that aA =(a2 +bc+ 1) c

Solve the following equations by matrix method 2x + y + 2z =3 x + y + 2z =2 2x +3y - z= -2 1 3) If A= 2 3 4) Show that 2 3 -3 -3 2 -4 1+a 1 1
1 find A and hence solve the system of linear equations x +2y - 3z = 4 2x + 3y +2z = 2 3x- 3y- 4z =11 1 1

1+b 1

1 1+ c

= abc (1 +

1 1 1 + + ) a b c

5) Obtain the inverse of the following matrix by using elementary transformations 0 1 2 A= 1 2 3 3 1 1 6) Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations: x+y+z =4, 2x y+z= -1, 2x +y- 3z = -9
1 7) Find A by using elementary row transformations

A= 8) Given A= 1 2 1

1 2 -2 -1 1 1

2 5 -4 1 -3 1

3 7 -5
1 , find A and hence solve the system of equations: x+2y+z =4, -x +y+z= 0, x - 3y+ z = 2

9) Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix 1 3 -2 -3 0 -5 2 5 0 10) Find the matrix P satisfying the matrix equation
1 2 2 3

1 P 2

3 5

2 = 3

2 1
A=
2 3

11) Let

Find a matrix D, such that CD AB = 0 12) If A= 3 4 7 2 -1 3 1 2 -3

1 , 4

B=

5 7

2 , 4

C=

2 3

5 8

1 , then find A , and hence solve the system of linear equations 3x+ 4y + 2z =14, 2x y + 3z=4, x+ 2y - 3 z = 0

13) If A= 2 -1 1 and B= 3 1 -1 -1 2 -1 1 3 1 1 2 2 -1 1 3 Find the product AB and use this result in solving the system of linear equations 2x y + z = -1, -x + 2y z = 4, x - y+ 2z = -3 14) If A= 2 -1 1 -1 2 -1 1 -1 2 15) If A= 1 1 1 3 4 3 4 3 3

, verify that A3 - 6A2 + 9A - 4I=0, hence find A-1

, verify that

A. adj.A=

I. Also find A-1

16) Solve the system of linear equations by matrix method. x-2y=10, 2x +y+3z = 8, -2y+ z = 7

17) Using the elementary row transformation, find the inverse of the matrix 2 0 -1 5 1 0 0 1 3 18) Find A-1 if A= 1 0 0 19) If A=
3 1

0 cos sin

0 sin - cos

1 2 -1 , show that A - 5A +7I=0. Hence find A 2

20) Solve the following system by matrix method

2 x

+ y + =4 z
9 6 20 + y =2 x z

1 0

6 4 5 - y + =1 x z

and