4g technology

WP Greet Box icon Hello there! If you are new here, you might want to subscribe to the RSS feed for updates on this topic. Powered by WP Greet Box WordPress Plugin For many mobile operators, data roaming was a very complicated and difficult operation. It has been more than ten years, since they have started understanding about this difficult operation. Roaming gives consumer the capabilities of using cell phones, even from beyond the geographical range of their main network operator. With Data Roaming, using services like GPRS, push email, MMS and mobile broadband even when the user is traveling or beyond the network. With SMS Roaming, the users can still send or receive text messages when they are outside the networks range or in traveling. The implementation of 3G networks has led to the quick rise in data roaming traffic, which is calculated in megabytes. This is all because of the use of network with excellent functionality and quality and also because of the introduction and widespread use of data supported smartphones. At first, GPRS data roaming needed a dedicated link among the roaming partners centering on the complicated relationship among different operators. As a result, a customer of mobile data can only use the GRPS roaming if his operator has a dedicated link and relationship with other operators. Later in 1999, the Association of GSM, GSMA, reached to conclusion that this connection and link among different operator is costly in maintaining, especially if there are various partners, and also the system was too complicated to maintain. Therefore, in early 2000, the GRX or GPRS Roaming Exchange was developed by GSMA which became a GPRS connect hub, linking different roaming users and from that point, the requirement of dedicated links among the GPRS mobile operators was dropped. Basically, a GRX centers on a public or private IP or Internet Protocol and it uses GTP or GPRS Tunneling Protocol. Every supplier of GRX service uses links and routers network in order to make a connection with networks of GPRS operators. With this, the operators can save their cost and new introducing operators can be advertised quickly and also deploying the roaming partners faster became possible. For supporting the GRX peering among roaming networks, the GRX hubs was also connected with GRX service providers. The GRX was introduced with the purpose making it easy for operators to establish a well-organized interconnect networks and it became major concern when it comes to shifting to 3G mobile systems. Incoming search terms:

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gsm
In cellular service there are two main competing network technologies: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Cellular carriers including Sprint PCS, Cingular Wireless, Verizon and T-Mobile use one or the other. Understanding the difference between GSM and CDMA will allow you to choose a carrier that uses the preferable network technology for your needs. The GSM Association is an international organization founded in 1987, dedicated to providing, developing, and overseeing the worldwide wireless standard of GSM. CDMA, a proprietary standard designed by Qualcomm in the United States, has been the dominant network standard for North America and parts of Asia. However, GSM networks continue to make inroads in the United States, as CDMA networks make progress in other parts of the world. There are camps on both sides that firmly believe either GSM or CDMA architecture is superior to the other. That said, to the non-invested consumer who simply wants bottom line information to make a choice, the following considerations may be helpful. Coverage: The most important factor is getting service in the areas you will be using your phone. Upon viewing competitors' coverage maps you may discover that only GSM or CDMA carriers offer cellular service in your area. If so, there is no decision to be made, but most people will find that they do have a choice. Data Transfer Speed: With the advent of cellular phones doing double and triple duty as streaming video devices, podcast receivers and email devices, speed is important to those who use the phone for more than making calls. CDMA has been traditionally faster than GSM, though both technologies continue to rapidly leapfrog along this path. Both boast "3G" standards, or 3rd generation technologies. EVDO, also known as CDMA2000, is CDMA's answer to the need for speed with a downstream rate of about 2 megabits per second, though some reports suggest real world speeds are closer to 300-700 kilobits per second (kbps). This is comparable to basic DSL. As of fall 2005, EVDO is in the process of being deployed. It is not available everywhere and requires a phone that is CDMA2000 ready. GSM's answer is EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), which boasts data rates of up to 384 kbps with real world speeds reported closer to 70-140 kbps. With added technologies still in the works that include UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone Standard) and HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), speeds reportedly increase to about 275380 kbps. This technology is also known as W-CDMA, but is incompatible with CDMA networks. An EDGE-ready phone is required.

In the case of EVDO, theoretical high traffic can degrade speed and performance, while the EDGE network is more susceptible to interference. Both require being within close range of a cell to get the best speeds, while performance decreases with distance. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards: In the United States only GSM phones use SIM cards. The removable SIM card allows phones to be instantly activated, interchanged, swapped out and upgraded, all without carrier intervention. The SIM itself is tied to the network, rather than the actual phone. Phones that are card-enabled can be used with any GSM carrier. The CDMA equivalent, a R-UIM card, is only available in parts of Asia but remains on the horizon for the U.S. market. CDMA carriers in the U.S. require proprietary handsets that are linked to one carrier only and are not card-enabled. To upgrade a CDMA phone, the carrier must deactivate the old phone then activate the new one. The old phone becomes useless. Roaming: For the most part, both networks have fairly concentrated coverage in major cities and along major highways. GSM carriers, however, have roaming contracts with other GSM carriers, allowing wider coverage of more rural areas, generally speaking, often without roaming charges to the customer. CDMA networks may not cover rural areas as well as GSM carriers, and though they may contract with GSM cells for roaming in more rural areas, the charge to the customer will generally be significantly higher. International Roaming: If you need to make calls to other countries, a GSM carrier can offer international roaming, as GSM networks dominate the world market. If you travel to other countries you can even use your GSM cell phone abroad, providing it is a quadband phone (850/900/1800/1900 MHz). By purchasing a SIM card with minutes and a local number in the country you are visiting, you can make calls against the card to save yourself international roaming charges from your carrier back home. CDMA phones that are not card-enabled do not have this capability, however there are several countries that use CDMA networks. Check with your CDMA provider for your specific requirements. According CDG.org, CDMA networks support over 270 million subscribers worldwide, while GSM.org tallies up their score at over 1 billion. As CDMA phones become R-UIM enabled and roaming contracts between networks improve, integration of the standards might eventually make differences all but transparent to the consumer. The chief GSM carriers in the United States are Cingular Wireless, recently merged with AT&T Wireless, and T-Mobile USA. Major CDMA carriers are Sprint PCS, Verizon and Virgin Mobile. There are also several

The birth of mobiles created gateways for many networking companies to set their foot in the field of mobile technology. Today there are two most appreciated mobile network technology that are ruling the market. All the mobile network service providers nowadays

are heavily depending on either GSM or CDMA. Both these technologies are accelerating the demand of mobiles. Generally, speaking GSM and CDMA are both used for mobile communication process, but still there are some differences between them that allow them to remain intact with their individuality. Companies like T-mobile, Verizon and many other are today using any one of the technology. Talking about GSM, the entire concept came into existence in the year 1987 and since then they are developing and nurturing the entire process of wireless technology. On the other hand the CDMA is a baby of U.S based organization that dominates in the entire Northern region of U.S and Asia, is slowly making its way in the other parts of the world as well. The architecture of both the network is supported by arguments from their voters, each trying to prove the speciality and efficiency of the network, however, the argument is still on. Explaining the facts and difference between both the networks to the end user will certainly play a different impact. The differences are stated considering the following factors; Network Coverage: For the user, it is important to check the type of network available in the region where the mobile will be used. This will guide them with the details about the competitors and their services. It might also happen that either of the network is available, which certainly leaves them with no option. Speed for Data Transition: As nowadays mobiles are much more than just a calling device, their multitasking has surely made them like a little genie, which are competent of handling more than what can be said. To perform these tasks the mobile seeks for a network that can empower its abilities and can make them perform at a higher speed. Both CDMA and GSM are 3G technologies, but still they have different set of performance factor. The GSM technology is said to accelerate performance by 384 kbps, along with EDGE technology, however, in the real world the speed lies around 275 to 380 kbps. Power of SIM Cards: Generally the mobile phone comes to life when the SIM card is inserted. GSM phone duly support this technology. Here the SIM is actually already connected with the network, so when one inserts this card in their mobile, automatically after switching on the mobile get on to the same network, on the other hand the neither CDMA phones are not card based phones. Here the sets are proprietary based, therefore in case of switching phone; the carrier needs to deactivate the old phone and then activate the new phone, and this discards the early sets. National and International Roaming: GSM have a wider coverage as it has contracts with other GSM carriers. This often are very good for the users as the roaming charges in such a case are waved off and user enjoy full service with no extra cost. On the other hand the CDMA user does not enjoy the wider coverage. Mainly the rural areas are left untouched. Apart from that they also have to shell extra money as for enjoying services while they are on move to locations beyond their prime location. cdma to gsm migration

When it comes to international roaming, the GSM cards allow the user to make calls to any part of the world due to their dominance in the market. On the other hand if the user is travelling to international locations then to save money they can use a local SIM and can enjoy calling other places at fairly reasonable rate. However, the CDMA phones are not of much help in case of international roaming, because they are not card based phone. Though there are many countries that have CDMA networks but then the user need to discuss things with their network provider. These differences do state that the numbers of users of GSM are fairly high in comparison with the CDMA. Once CDMA incorporates some flexibility in their system there are great opportunities for it to attract more users