Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda National Hero of the Philippines Pride of Malayan Race Born on June

19, 1861. Calamba, Laguna. th 7 Child in family of 11 children. Mercado Rizal Family Considered as one of the biggest families during their time. Researcher revealed that the Mercado Rizal Family had a trace of Japanese , Spanish, Malay And even Negrito blood aside from chinese. Merado - Rizal family was composed of 13 family member including the parents. Nine Sisters and two Brothers Francisco Mercado ( 1818-1898) Father of Jose Rizal Youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Bian, Laguna on April 18, 1818 Studied in San Jose College, Manila Died in Manila. Teodora Alonso ( 1827 1913) Mother of Jose Rizal Second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos Studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. A business-minded woman, courteous religious, hard-working and well-read. Born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 Died in 1913 in Manila. Saturnina Rizal ( 1850 1913) Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonso. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas. Paciano Rizal(1851 1930) Only brother of Jose Rizal Second child Studied at San Jose College in Manila A farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. Narcisa Rizal (1852 1939) The third child. Married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal A teacher and musician. Olympia Rizal (1857 1919) The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo Died in 1887 from childbirth Lucia Rizal (1857 1919 ) The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.

Maria Rizal (1859 1945 ) The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Bian, Laguna Jose Rizal ( 1861 1896 ) The second son The seventh child Executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896 Concepcion Rizal (1862 1865) The eight child. Died at the age of three. Josefa Rizal (1865 1945) The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster. Trinidad Rizal (1868 1951) The tenth child. Died a spinster The last of the family to die Soledad Rizal (1870 1929) The youngest child Married Pantaleon Quintero. Birth and Early Childhood In Calamba, Laguna: June 19, 1861 birth June 22, 1861 baptized 1864 learned the alphabet from his mother th 1865 - his sister Conception (8 child) died at the age of three. 1866 1867 - at age of 5 his mother taught him how to read and write. - he already showed potential to be an artist. Leon Monroy - taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin Uncle Manuel Alberto - taught the latter love for the nature Uncle Gregorio - instilled love for education 1869 - At age of 8 he wrote a poem, "Sa Aking Mga Kabata." In Bian, Laguna :1870 His brother Paciano brought Rizal to Bian, Laguna Justiniano Aquino Cruz - taught Rizal Latin and Spanish Juancho Carrera - taught him the art of painting December 17, 1870 - Rizal returned to Calamba after he finished his studies in Bian Traveled extensively in Europe, America and Asia.

Mastered 22 languages these include Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog and other native dialects. He was an architect, artists, businessman, cartoonist, educator, economist , ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, opthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist and theologian. RIZAL S EDUCATION Early Education in Calamba and Binan Rizal had his early education in Calamba and Bian. It was a typical schooling that a son of an ilustrado family received during his time, characterized by the four R s- reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion. Instruction was rigid and strict. Knowledge was forced into the minds of the pupils by means of the tedious memory method aided by the teacher s whip. The Hero s First Teacher TEODORA ALONSO The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was a remarkable woman of good character and fine culture. On her lap, he learned at the age of three the alphabet and the prayers. "My mother," wrote Rizal in his student memoirs, "taught me how to read and to say haltingly the humble prayers which I raised fervently to God." PRIVATE TUTORS  Maestro Celestino  Maestro Lucas Padua  Leon Monroy Jose Goes to Binan One Sunday afternoon in June , 1869, Jose, after kissing the hands of his parents and a tearful parting from his sister, left Calamba for Bian. He was accompanied by Paciano , who acted as his second father. The two brothers rode in a carromata, reaching their destination after one and one-half hours drive. They proceeded to their aunt s house, where Jose was to lodge. It was almost night when they arrived, and the moon was about to rise. First Day in Binan School The next morning (Monday) Paciano brought his younger brother to the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. The school was in the house of the teacher, which was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home of Jose s aunt. Paciano knew the teacher quite well because he had been a pupil under him before. He introduced Jose to the teacher, after which he departed to return to Calamba. Early Schooling in Binan Rizal succeeded in surpassing many of his older classmates. In his academic studies, he beat all the Bian boys in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects. With his intellectual superiority, some of his classmates told lies to discredit him before the teacher s eyes and as a result, the teacher had to castigate him. Rizal s life in Bian was well regulated. He heard mass and studied his lessons diligently, drew sketches, and occasionally, his friends would invite him to play outside. MAESTRO Justiniano Aquino Cruz He was a teacher in Bian who was a severe disciplinarian. He was described by Jose as a tall man, lean and long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward. He used to wear a sinamay shirt woven by the deft hands of Batangas women. He knew by memory the grammars of Nebrija and Gainza. To this add a severity which, in my judgement I have made of him, which is all I remember. Life and Studies at Ateneo

The Jesuits were considered the best educators of Spain, and perhaps of Europe, and so, when they were permitted to return to the Philippines, although their power to administer parishes was restricted except in the remote regions of Mindanao, the privilege of founding colleges, they had to apply to the City of Manila for subsidies. That is why the college which began to function in the year 1865, was called the Ateneo Municipal. THE FIRST PROFESSOR The first professor Jose had was Fr. Jose Bech, whom he describes as a man of high stature; lean body, bent forward; quick gait; severe and inspired; small, sunken eyes; sharp Grecian nose; thin lips forming an arch with its sides directed toward the chin." He was somewhat of a lunatic and of an uneven humor; sometimes he was hard and little tolerant and at other times he was gay and playful as a child. FIRST YEAR AT ATENEO As a newcomer, Jose was at first put at the tail of the class, but he was soon promoted and kept on being promoted so that at the end of one month he had attained to the rank of Emperor. At the end of the term he obtained marks of excellent in all the subjects and in the examinations. He had reason to feel proud of his advancement; and so when he went home on vacation that year, he ran alone to see his mother in the prison and tell her the happy news. SECOND YEAR AT ATENEO The second year, Jose had the same professor as in the previous year; but instead of lodging outside the City, he resided at No. 6 Calle Magallanes. At the end of the term he obtained a medal, and upon returning to his town, he again visited his mother in jail alone. This was three months before her release. THIRD YEAR AT ATENEO The rejoicing that her release produced in his spirit had much influence on the result of his studies in the third year, for he began to win prizes in the quarterly examinations. About that time he devoted himself to reading novels, and one of those he enjoyed most was Dumas (father) The Count of Monte Cristo. The sufferings of the hero of the twelve years. He also asked his father to buy him a copy of The Universal History by Cesar Cantanu, and according to himself he profited much from its perusal FOURTH YEAR AT ATENEO In the fourth year of his course he had Fr. Francisco Sanchez as professor. Jose describes him as a model of rectitude, a solicitude, and love for the student, and his studied mathematics, rhetoric, and Greek, and he must have progressed much, for at the end of the year he-obtained five medals, which pleased him immensely because with them I could repay my father somewhat for his sacrifices. FIFTH YEAR AT ATENEO In the fifth years Jose had other professors:  Frs. Vilaclara ,  Mineves. HIDDEN TALENTS Jose was considered small of stature and he tried to correct this defect by applying himself regularly to gymnastics in the college. He also engaged in other physical exercises, such as fencing. After his baccalaureate, he surprised his family with his skill in handling the sword when he gave an exhibition bout with the best swordsman of the town. Medical Studies in University of Sto. Tomas After graduating, he continued his education at the University of Santo Tomas. He finished a year in Philosophy and Letters, then decided to shift to a medical course. During the year of his studies in University of Sto. Tomas which was under the Dominicans, rival of the Jesuits in education, he remained loyal to Ateneo. He continued to participate in extracurricular activities in Ateneo Fr. Pablo Ramon

He asked for Fr. Pablo Ramon's advice about his career. During his first term in 1977 1978 in UST, he studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy and History of Philosophy. It was during the school term 1978 - 1979 that Rizal pursued his studies in medicine. PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS April 1877, Rizal who was just about 16 years old, matriculated in University of Sto. Tomas taking up Philosophy and Letters. 2 REASONS: his father wanted him to take the course  He was still uncertain as to which career he would pursue MEDICINE two main reasons  he wanted to be a physician so that he could cure his mother s failing eyesight  Fr. Pablo Ramon, the Father Rector of Ateneo whom he consulted for a choice of career, finally answered his letter, and recommended medicine Perito agrimensor In 1878, he finished his vocational course in surveying in Ateneo, achieving the title of Perito agrimensor or Expert surveyor. With the Dominican professor s hostile treatment, racial discrimination and and the obsolete and repressive methods of teaching, Rizal found the atmosphere in UST suffocating. After finishing his fourth year of his medical course Academic Journey to Spain (1882-1885) His departure for Spain was kept secret from Spanish authorities, friars and even to his parents especially to his mother because she would not allow him to go. In order to avoid detection from authorities, he used the name Jose Mercado, the name of his cousin in Calamba. On May 3, 1882 he boarded on Salvadora bound for Singapore where he was the only Filipino passenger. Universidad Central de Madrid November 3, 1882, he enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid taking up two courses, Philosophy and Letters and Medicine.  June 21, 1884, he conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid. The following academic year, he studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Opthalmology studies Jose Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology. Among all branches, he chose this specialization because he wanted to cure his mother s failing eyesight. In 1885, after studying at the Universidad Central de Madrid, Rizal, who was then 24 yrs old, went to Paris to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology. Rizal s Philosophies in life What is philosophy? Study and pursuit of facts which deal with the ultimate reality or causes of things as they affect life Philippine s philosophy -Is made up of intricate and composite interrelationship of the life histories of people -Without the representative personalities of our nation, the philosophy of our nation would be strange and indefinable -Jose Rizal is one of the prominent representative of Filipino personalities is a fit subject whose life philosophy deserves to be recognized.

-Being a victim of Spanish brutality, Rizal formed a nucleus of unfavorable opinion of Castillian imperialistic administration. -Pitiful conditions: agriculture, commerce, communications and education languishing under the most backward state -Social malady that social evils like inferiority complex, cowardice, timidity and false pride pervaded nationally -This stimulated and shaped Rizal s life philosophy to eliminate these social ills Rizal s Educational Philosophy Rizal s concept of the importance of education is clearly enunciated in his work entitled Instruction -Improvements in the schools and methods of teaching -It was not due to Filipino s indifference, apathy or indolence that causes backwardness of the country Mission of Education: -Elevate the country to the highest seat of glory and to develop the people s mentality. -Only through education could the country be saved from domination. -Rizal s philosophy of education centers on the provision of PROPER MOTIVATION in order to bolster the great social forces that make education a success and -to create in the youth the INNATE DESIRE to cultivate his intelligence and give him life eternally. Religious Philosophy -Rizal grew up nurtured by a closely-knit Catholic family -He was educated in the foremost Catholic schools, therefore: -He should have been a propagator of strictly Catholic traditions -However in later life, he developed a life philosophy of a different nature, a philosophy of different Catholic practice intermingled with the use of TRUTH and REASON. Why the change? -It could have been a result of contemporary contact, companionship, observation, research and the possession of an independent spirit. -Rizal as a critical observer, a profound thinker and a zealous reformer, didn t agree with the prevailing Christian propagation of Faith: FIRE and SWORD. (Annotation of Morga s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas) -Rizal didn t believe in the catholic dogma that salvation was only for Catholics -Nor Rizal did believe in catholic observation of fasting as a sacrifice -He also believes in the sale of religious items such as the cross, medals, rosaries and the like in order to propagate the faith and raise of church funds -He also lambasted the superstitious beliefs propagated by the priests in the church and in the schools Political Philosophy -In Rizal s political view, a conquered country like Philippines should not be taken advantage but rather should be developed, civilized, educated and trained in the science of self- government. -He bitterly assailed and criticized in publications the false Spanish ruler s method of governing the country which resulted in: -The bondage and slavery of the conquered -Spanish government s requirement of forced labor and force military service upon natives -Abuse of power by means of exploitation -The government ruling that any complaint against the authorities is criminal; and -Making the people ignorant, destitute and fanatic, thus discouraging the formation of a national sentiment. -Rizal s guiding political philosophy proved to be the study and application of reforms, the extension of human rights, the training for self- government and the arousing of spirit of discontent over oppression, brutality, inhumanity, sensitiveness and self love. Ethical Philosophy -Rizal s ethical philosophy is based on the study of human behavior as to whether it is good or bad or whether it is right or wrong

-The fact that Philippines was under Spanish domination during his time led him to subordinate his philosophy to moral problems. -The moral status of the Philippines during this period was one with a lack of freedom, one with predominance of foreign masters, one with an imposition of foreign religious worship, devotion, homage and racial habits -This led to moral confusion among people, what with justice being stifled, limited or curtailed and the people not enjoying any individual rights -Dr. Rizal had recognized not only the forces of good and evil, but also the tendencies towards good and evil. -He made use of the practical method of appealing to the better nature of the conquerors and of offering useful methods of solving the moral problems of the conquered. To support his ethical philosophy in life, Rizal: -Censured the friars for abusing the advantage of their position as spiritual leaders and the ignorance and fanatism of the natives -Counseled the Filipinos not to resent a defect attributed to them but to accept same as reasonable and just -Advised the masses that the object of marriage was the happiness and love of couple and not financial gain -Censured the priests who preached greed and wrong morality -Advised everyone that love and respect for parents must be strictly observed Social Philosophy -That body of knowledge relating to society including the wisdom which man s experience in society has taught him social philosophy  The facts that dealt with are principles involved in nation building and not individual social problems  The subject matter of this social philosophy covers the problems of the whole race, with every problem having a distinct solution to bolster the people s social knowledge Rizal s social philosophy dealt with;  Man in society  Influential factors in human life  Racial problems  Social constant  Social justice  Social ideal  Poverty and wealth  Reforms  Youth and greatness  History and progress  Future Philippines Those given dealt with man s evolution and his environment, explaining for the most part human behavior and capacities like:  His will to live  His desire to possess happiness  The change of his mentality  The role of virtuous women in the guidance of great men  The need for elevating and inspiring mission  The duties and dictates of man s conscience  Man s need of practicing gratitude  The necessity for consulting reliable people  The need for experience  The ability to deny

The importance of deliberation The voluntary offer of man s abilities and possibilities The ability to think, aspire and strive to rise Proper use of heart, brain and spirit All of these combining to enhance intricacies, beauty and values of human nature All of these served Rizal s guide in his continuous effort to make over his beloved Philippines

Rizal was the greatest product of the Philippines and his coming to the world was like the appearance of a rare comet, whose rare brilliance appears only every other century. -Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt Many sided Personalities of Rizal Nationalist Newspaperman Opthalmologist Orientalist Pharmacologist Philosopher Physician Philologist Sharp Shooter Physical Culturist Plant Lover Sanitary Engineer Proofreader Poet Reformer Politician Propagandist Polyglot Public Relations Man Researcher Revolutionist Scientist Rhetorician Rural reconstruction worker Sociologist Sinologist Sculptor Sodalist Youth Leader Tuberculosis Expert Tourist Sportsman Zoologist Traveller Travels Of Rizal 3 May 1882 Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He boarded the Salvadora using a passport of Jose Mercado, which was procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to the quay where the Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella, and Mateo Evangelista. 4 May 1882 He got seasick on board the boat. 5 May1882 He conversed with the passengers of the ship; he was still feeling sea-sick. 6 May 1882 He played chess with the passengers on board. 8 May 1882 He saw mountains and Islands. 9 May 1882 Rizal arrived at Singapore. 10 May 1882 He went around the town of Singapore and maid some observations. 11 May 1882

In Singapore, at 2 p.m., Rizal boarded the boat Djemnah to continue his trip to Spain. He found the boat clean and well kept. 12 May 1882 He had a conversation with the passengers of the boat. 13 May 1882 Rizal was seasick again. 14 May 1882 On his way to Marseilles, Rizal had a terrible dream. He dreamed he was traveling with Neneng (Saturnina) and their path was blocked by snakes. May 15 1882 Rizal had another disheartening dream. He dreamed he returned to Calamba and after meeting his parents who did not talk to him because of not having consulted them about his first trip abroad, he returned traveling abroad with one hundred pesos he again borrowed. He was so sad and broken hearted. Soon he woke up and found himself inside his cabin. 17 May 1882 Rizal arrived at Punta de Gales. 18 May 1882 At 7:30 a.m., he left Punta de Gales for Colombo. In the afternoon, Rizal arrived at Colombo and in the evening the trip was resumed. 26 May 1882 Rizal was nearing the African coast 27 May 1882 He landed at Aden at about 8:30 a.m. He made observation at the time. 2 June 1882 He arrived at the Suez Canal en route to Marseilles. 3 June 1882 He was quarantined on board the Djemnah in the Suez Canal. 6 June 1882 It was the fourth day at Suez Canal and was still quarantined on board of the boat. 7 June 1882 Rizal arrived at Port Said. In a letter to his parents, He described his trip en route to Aden along the Suez Canal. 11 June 1882 Rizal disembarked and, accompanied by a guide, went around the City of Naples for one hour. This was the first European ground he set foot on. 12 June 1882 At ten o clock in the evening, the boat anchored at Marseilles. He sleptn board. 13 June 1882 Early on the morning he landed at Marseilles and boarded at the Noalles Hotel. Later he around for observation.

14 June 1882 His second in Marseilles. 15 June 1882 He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train WORKS and LIFE of JOSE RIZAL Painting s of Jose Rizal A painting of mother of pearl -Mother of pearl is the common name for iridescent nacre, a blend of minerals that are secreted by oysters and other mollusks and deposited inside their shells, coating and protecting them from parasites and foreign objects.Nacre is the same substance that is deposited around an object that becomes lodged in the mollusk--either naturally or inserted by humans--to become a pearl.

Allegory on a pair of porcelain vases of the New Year s celebration Notes: Given to Captain, aide of General Von Molltke. Year 1986 in Germany, Berlin Christ crucified Year 1875 The Spanish friars introduced Western painting in the Philippines to artisans who learned to copy on two-dimensional form from the religious icons that the friars brought from Spain,. For the first centuries of Spanish colonization, painting was limited to religious icons. Portraits of saints and of the Holy Family became a familiar sight in churches. Other subject matters include the passion of Christ, the Via Crucis, the crucifixion, portrayal of heaven, purgatory and hell. Dapita church Curtains Year 1894 in Philippines, Dapitan Immaculate Conception Year 1874 In Philippines, Manila Immaculate Conception is the idea that the Mother of God did not have original sin at her conception nor did she acquire elements of original sin in the development of her life, whereas all other human beings have original sin from their conception due to the fall of Adam. The immaculate conception is an article of faith for Roman Catholics. The Mother of God, the Virgin Mary, did not have original sin because of the direct intervention of God. Mary was immaculate as a divine privilege. The Roman Catholic Church considers the doctrine of the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary to be part of apostolic teaching related to both the Bible and tradition. Portrait of Morayta Year 1885 in Spain, Barcelona -growing up in manila i remember the morayta and pi y margall streets in the sampaloc district, named in their honor, near the far eastern university campus. -both spanish liberal statesmen influenced rizal's thinking and pi y margall even pleaded to the spanish queen regent for rizal's life. the queen was unhappy at what pi y margall had written earlier about royalty and denied his request for mercy. rizal's fate might have been different had the two been on good terms. Saturnina Rizal Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913) is the oldest of the 11 siblings. Her nickname is 'Neneng'. Saturnina (1850 1913) panganay sa magkakapatid na Rizal, ang palayaw niya y Neneng; ikinasal siya kay Manuel T. Hidalgo ng Tanawan, Batangas.

Spanish coat of Arms Year 1867 in Philippines, calamba -The Spanish coat of arms symbolizes the country, the old kingdoms of Spain, the Royal Crown, the Imperial Crown, the Constitutional monarchy, the Spanish national motto: Plus Ultra, and the Pillars of Hercules with the Spanish geographic situation. -To celebrate the release of the new Sabaton album "Coat of Arms", I made this little video. ..... that Rizal'swish on how he was to be buried was never fulfilled. MAPS and PLANS made by rizal Relief map of Mindanao 1892 Philippines, Dapitan -Significant: made in Dapitan church plaza by the end of 1892 The lake district of central Luzon 1872 SIGNIFICANT: mentioned in "Memorias de un Estudiante de Manila" plan for modern college (front view) 1872 PARIS, FRANCE significant: owned by Dr. L.L. R. apparently in Paris, 1872 plan of the Dapitan water works 1895 Philippines, Dapitan Significant : made with Father Sanchez in Dapitan P0ems of jose rizal "Mi ltimo adis Farewell to you my living country. OUR MOTHER TONGUE A poem originally in Tagalog written by Rizal when he was only eight years old The adoring of Him. Everything He can do for Man and Woman. And because he loves his mother a lot. Song of Maria Clara he dedicated it to maria, because he loves maria and it is true that life without love is dead. Maria Clara is one of Rizal's immortalized characters in his Noli Me Tangere novel. It is widely believed that the character was based on Rizal's real life cousin, Leonor Rivera. Memories of my town -It is a poem in which his memories of a life as a child were idyllic and represent the love of nature and family. To Josephine to farewell to Josephine by rizal. But it was to Josephine that Rizal dedicated the penultimate line of his farewell poem.