Chap 01

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING
AND BUSINESS
EYE OPENERS
6. No. The business entity concept limits the
recording of economic data to transactions
directly affecting the activities of the business. The payment of the interest of $3,000
is a personal transaction of Barry Bergan
and should not be recorded by Elephant
Delivery Service.
7. The land should be recorded at its cost of
$115,000 to Gremlin Repair Service. This is
consistent with the cost concept.
8. a. No. The offer of $900,000 and the
increase in the assessed value should
not be recognized in the accounting records.
b. Cash would increase by $900,000, land
would decrease by $475,000, and
owners (stockholders) equity would increase by $425,000.
9. An account receivable is a claim against a
customer for goods or services sold. An
account payable is an amount owed to a
creditor for goods or services purchased.
Therefore, an account receivable in the records of the seller is an account payable in
the records of the purchaser.
10. (a); the business incurred a net loss of
$115,000 ($715,000 $600,000).
11. (b); the business realized net income of
$195,100 ($687,500 $492,400).
12. Net income or net loss
Retained earnings at the end of the period
Cash at the end of the period
1. The objective of most businesses is to earn

a profit. Profit is the difference between the
amounts received from customers for goods
or services provided and the amounts paid
for the inputs used to provide those goods
or services.
2. A manufacturing business changes basic
inputs into products that are then sold to
customers. A service business provides
services rather than products to customers.
A restaurant such as Applebees has characteristics of both a manufacturing and a
service business in that Applebees takes
raw inputs such as cheese, fish, and beef
and processes them into products for consumption by its customers. At the same
time, Applebees provides services of waiting on its customers as they dine.
3. Some users of accounting information include owners, managers, employees, customers, creditors, and the government.
4. Simply put, the role of accounting is to provide information for managers to use in operating the business. In addition, accounting
provides information to others to use in assessing the economic performance and
condition of the business.
5. The corporate form allows the company to
obtain large amounts of resources by issuing stock. For this reason, most companies
that require large investments in property,
plant, and equipment are organized as corporations.
PRACTICE EXERCISES
PE 11A
$81,000. Under the cost concept, the land should be recorded at the cost to Snap
Repair Service.
PE 11B
$44,000. Under the cost concept, the land should be recorded at the cost to Terrier Repair Service.
PE 12A
a.
A = L + OE
$475,000 = $115,000 + OE
OE = $360,000
b.
A = L + OE
+$90,000 = $28,000 + OE
OE = +$62,000
OE on December 31, 2010 =
$422,000 = $360,000 + $62,000
b.
A = L + OE
+$75,000 = $30,000 + OE
OE = +$105,000
OE on December 31, 2010 =
$562,000 = $457,000 + $105,000
PE 12B
a.
A = L + OE
$750,000 = $293,000 + OE
OE = $457,000
PE 13A
(2) Expense (Advertising Expense) increases by $900; Asset (Cash) decreases
by $900.
(3) Asset (Supplies) increases by $600; Liability (Accounts Payable) increases by
$600.
(4) Asset (Accounts Receivable) increases by $9,000; Revenue (Delivery Service
Fees) increases by $9,000.
(5) Asset (Cash) increases by $5,500; Asset (Accounts Receivable) decreases by
$5,500.
PE 13B
(2) Asset (Cash) decreases by $1,500; Liability (Accounts Payable) decreases by
$1,500.
(3) Asset (Accounts Receivable) increases by $11,500; Revenue (Delivery Service Fees) increases by $11,500.
(4) Asset (Cash) increases by $2,700; Asset (Accounts Receivable) decreases by
$2,700.
(5) Asset (Cash) decreases by $2,000; Dividends increase by $2,000.
PE 14A
IMPECCABLE TRAVEL SERVICE
Income Statement
For the Year Ended November 30, 2010
Fees earned .....................................................................
Expenses:
Wages expense ..........................................................
Office expense ...........................................................
Miscellaneous expense .............................................
Total expenses .......................................................
Net loss ............................................................................
$ 754,000
$ 450,000
313,300
12,700
776,000
$ 22,000
PE 14B
EXPRESS TRAVEL SERVICE
Income Statement
For the Year Ended June 30, 2010
Fees earned .....................................................................
Expenses:
Wages expense ..........................................................
Office expense ...........................................................
Miscellaneous expense .............................................
Total expenses .......................................................
Net income.......................................................................
$ 475,000
$ 239,000
111,000
8,000
358,000
$ 117,000
PE 15A
Retained Earnings Statement
Retained earnings, December 1, 2009 ...........................
Net loss for the year........................................................
Less dividends ................................................................
Decrease in retained earnings .......................................
Retained earnings, November 30, 2010.........................
$ 305,000
$ (22,000)
(20,000)
(42,000)
$ 263,000
PE 15B
Retained earnings, July 1, 2009 .....................................
Net income for the year ..................................................
Less dividends ................................................................
Increase in retained earnings.........................................
Retained earnings, June 30, 2010 ..................................
$ 90,000
$ 117,000
18,000
99,000
$ 189,000
PE 16A
Balance Sheet
November 30, 2010
Assets
Liabilities
Cash .................................
Accounts receivable .......
Supplies ...........................
Land..................................
$ 45,400
75,500
5,100
290,000
Total assets .....................
$416,000
Accounts payable ...................... $ 42,000

Stockholders Equity
Capital stock............. $111,000

Retained earnings....
263,000
Total stockholders
equity ...................................... 374,000
Total liabilities and
stockholders equity .............. $416,000
PE 16B
Balance Sheet
June 30, 2010
Assets
Liabilities
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Land..................................
$ 78,000
32,000
6,000
150,000
Total assets .....................
$266,000
Accounts payable ....................
$ 12,000
Stockholders Equity
Capital stock............. $ 65,000

189,000
Total stockholders
equity ...................................... 254,000
PE 17A
Statement of Cash Flows
Cash flows from operating activities:
Cash received from customers.................................
Deduct cash payments for operating expenses......
Net cash flows from operating activities .................
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash payments for purchase of land .......................
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash received from issuing capital stock ...............
Deduct cash dividends..............................................
Net cash flows from financing activities..................
Net decrease in cash during year ..................................
Cash as of December 1, 2009.........................................
Cash as of November 30, 2010.......................................
$ 700,000
730,000
$ (30,000)
(54,000)
$ 36,000
20,000
16,000
$ (68,000)
113,400
$ 45,400
PE 17B
Net increase in cash during year ...................................
Cash as of July 1, 2009 ...................................................
Cash as of June 30, 2010................................................
$ 460,000
355,000
$ 105,000
(104,000)
$ 30,000
18,000
12,000
$ 13,000
65,000
$ 78,000
EXERCISES
Ex. 11
1. service
6.
2. service
7. service
12. service
3. merchandise
8.
manufacturing
13. merchandise
4.
9.
manufacturing
14. manufacturing
manufacturing
5. service
manufacturing
10. service
11. merchandise
15. manufacturing
Ex. 12
As in many ethics issues, there is no one right answer. A fired researcher at the
company reported on this issue in these terms: The company covered up the
first report, and the local newspaper uncovered the companys secret. The company was forced to not locate here (Collier County). It became patently clear that
doing the least that is legally allowed is not enough.
Ex. 13
1. C
5. B
9. X
2. C
6. C
10. J
3. X
7. B
4. C
8. J
Ex. 14
Coca-Cola stockholders (owners) equity: $29,963 $13,043 = $16,920
PepsiCo stockholders (owners) equity:
$29,930 $14,483 = $15,447
Ex. 15
eBay
Google
$13,494 $2,589 = $10,905

$18,473 $1,433 = $17,040
Ex. 16
a. $1,030,000 ($250,000 + $780,000)
b. $85,500 ($125,000 $39,500)
c. $52,500 ($60,000 $7,500)
Ex. 17
a. $520,000 ($760,000 $240,000)
b. $568,000 ($520,000 + $120,000 $72,000)
c. $438,400 ($520,000 $60,000 $21,600)
d. $658,400 ($520,000 + $100,000 + $38,400)
e. Net income: $284,000 ($960,000 $156,000 $520,000)
Ex. 18
a. (2) liability
b. (1) asset
c. (3) stockholders equity (retained earnings)
d. (1) asset
e. (1) asset
f. (3) stockholders equity (retained earnings)
Ex. 19
a. Increases assets and increases stockholders equity (capital stock).
b. Increases assets and increases stockholders equity (retained earnings).
c. Decreases assets and decreases stockholders equity (retained earnings).
d. Increases assets and decreases assets.
e. Increases assets and increases liabilities.
Ex. 110
a. (1)
Total assets increased $140,000.
(2)
No change in liabilities.
(3)
Stockholders equity (retained earnings) increased $140,000.
b. (1)
Total assets decreased $80,000.
(2)
Total liabilities decreased $80,000.
(3)
No change in stockholders equity (retained earnings).
Ex. 111
1. (b) decrease
2. (a) increase
3. (a) increase
4. (b) decrease
Ex. 112
1. c
2. e
3. e
4. c
5. a
6. c
7. d
8. a
9. e
10. e
Ex. 113
a. (1)
Provided catering services for cash, $35,000.
(2)
Purchase of land for cash, $15,000.
(3)
Payment of expenses, $26,000.
(4)
Purchase of supplies on account, $1,500.
(5)
Paid dividends, $2,000.
(6)
Payment of cash to creditors, $7,200.
(7)
Recognition of cost of supplies used, $3,000.
b. $15,200 ($30,000 $14,800)

c. $4,000 ($2,000 + $35,000 $29,000)
d. $6,000 ($35,000 $29,000)
e. $4,000 ($6,000 $2,000)
Ex. 114
No. It would be incorrect to say that the business had incurred a net loss of
$25,000. The excess of the dividends over the net income for the period is a decrease in the amount of stockholders equity in the business.
10
Ex. 115
Jupiter
Stockholders equity at end of year
($1,296,000 $540,000) ...................................................
Deduct stockholders equity at beginning of year
($810,000 $324,000) ......................................................
Net income (increase in stockholders equity) .........
$756,000
486,000
$270,000
Mercury
Increase in stockholders equity (as determined
for Jupiter) .......................................................................
Add dividends .....................................................................
Net income .......................................................................
$270,000
72,000
$342,000
Saturn
for Jupiter) .......................................................................
Deduct additional capital stock issued .............................
Net income .......................................................................
$270,000
162,000
$108,000
Venus
for Jupiter) .......................................................................
Deduct additional capital stock issued .............................
Add dividends .....................................................................
Net income .......................................................................
Ex. 116
Balance sheet items: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10
Ex. 117
Income statement items: 4, 7, 8, 9
11
$270,000
162,000
$108,000
72,000
$180,000
Ex. 118
TEFLON COMPANY
For the Month Ended April 30, 2010
Retained earnings, April 1, 2010 ................................
Net income for the month...........................................
Less dividends ............................................................
Increase in retained earnings.....................................
Retained earnings, April 30, 2010 ..............................
$715,320
$93,780
10,000
83,780
$799,100
Ex. 119
RELAX SERVICES
Income Statement
For the Month Ended May 31, 2010
Fees earned .................................................................
Expenses:
Wages expense........................................................
Rent expense ...........................................................
Supplies expense ....................................................
Miscellaneous expense...........................................
Total expenses.....................................................
Net income...................................................................
12
$363,200
$187,000
36,000
11,500
12,100
246,600
$116,600
Ex. 120
In each case, solve for a single unknown, using the following equation:
Stockholders equity (beginning) + Additional issuance of capital stock
Dividends + Revenues Expenses = Stockholders equity (ending)
Earth
Stockholders equity at end of year ($268,200 $117,000) ...

Stockholders equity at beginning of year
($216,000 $129,600) ...........................................................
Increase in stockholders equity .............................................
Deduct increase due to net income ($71,190 $38,880) .......
$151,200

($250,000 $130,000) ...........................................................
Increase in stockholders equity .............................................
Add dividends...........................................................................
$240,000
86,400
$ 64,800
32,310
$ 32,490
Add dividends...........................................................................
14,400
Additional issuance of capital stock................................... (a) $ 46,890
Mars
Deduct additional issuance of capital stock ..........................

Increase due to net income .....................................................
Add expenses ...........................................................................
Revenue ................................................................................
Neptune Stockholders equity at end of year ($90,000 $80,000) .......
($100,000 $76,000) .............................................................
Decrease in stockholders equity............................................
Deduct decrease due to net loss ($115,000 $122,500) .......
120,000
$120,000
16,000
$136,000
50,000
$ 86,000
64,000
(b) $150,000
$ 10,000
24,000
$ (14,000)
(7,500)
$ (6,500)
10,000
Dividends .............................................................................. (c) $ (16,500)
Pluto

Add decrease due to net loss ($112,000 $128,000).............
Add dividends...........................................................................
Add liabilities at beginning of year .........................................
Assets at beginning of year.................................................
13
$112,000
16,000
$128,000
60,000
$188,000
40,000
$148,000
120,000
(d) $268,000
Ex. 121
a.
PLEXIGLASS INTERIORS
Balance Sheet
October 31, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Total assets .....................
Liabilities
$180,000
102,000
9,000
$291,000

Stockholders Equity
Capital stock............. $ 50,000

194,800
Total stockholders
equity ...................................... 244,800
PLEXIGLASS INTERIORS
Balance Sheet
November 30, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Total assets .....................
Liabilities
$306,000
117,375
7,500
$430,875

Stockholders Equity
Capital stock............. $ 50,000

331,075
Total stockholders
equity ...................................... 381,075
b.
Stockholders equity, November 30.............................

Stockholders equity, October 31 ................................
Net income ..............................................................
$381,075
244,800
$136,275
c.
Stockholders equity, November 30.............................

Stockholders equity, October 31 ................................
Increase in stockholders equity ...........................
Add dividends ...............................................................
Net income ..............................................................
$381,075
244,800
$136,275
37,500
$173,775
14
Ex. 122
Balance sheet: a, b, c, d, f, g, h, i, j, k, m
Income statement: e, l, n, o
Ex. 123
1.
cfinancing activity
2.
binvesting activity
3.
aoperating activity
4.
aoperating activity
Ex. 124
PICKEREL CONSULTING GROUP
For the Year Ended March 31, 2010
Net increase in cash during year ...................................
Cash as of April 1, 2009 ..................................................
Cash as of March 31, 2010..............................................
15
$239,100
162,900
$ 76,200
(75,000)
$ 50,000
10,000
40,000
$ 41,200
30,800
$ 72,000
Ex. 125
1. All financial statements should contain the name of the business in their
heading. The retained earnings statement is incorrectly headed as Steffy
Owen rather than Driftwood Realty. The heading of the balance sheet needs
the name of the business.
2. The income statement and retained earnings statement cover a period of time
and should be labeled For the Month Ended August 31, 2010.
3. The year in the heading for the retained earnings statement should be 2010
rather than 2009.
4. The balance sheet should be labeled as of August 31, 2010, rather than For
the Month Ended August 31, 2010.
5. In the income statement, the miscellaneous expense amount should be listed
as the last expense.
6. In the income statement, the total expenses are incorrectly subtracted from
the sales commissions, resulting in an incorrect net income amount. The correct net income should be $44,100. This also affects the retained earnings
statement and the amount of retained earnings that appears on the balance
sheet.
7. In the retained earnings statement, the additional issuance of capital stock
should not be added to retained earnings as of August 1, 2010. The net income should be presented next, followed by the amount of dividends, which
is subtracted from the net income to yield a net increase in retained earnings.
8. Accounts payable should be listed as a liability on the balance sheet.
9. Accounts receivable and supplies should be listed as assets on the balance
sheet.
10. The balance sheet assets should equal the sum of the liabilities and stockholders equity.
16
Ex. 125 Concluded

Corrected financial statements appear as follows:
DRIFTWOOD REALTY
Income Statement
For the Month Ended August 31, 2010
Sales commissions ............................................................
Expenses:
Office salaries expense ..............................................
Rent expense...............................................................
Automobile expense ...................................................
Supplies expense........................................................
Miscellaneous expense ..............................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$467,100
$291,600
99,000
22,500
2,700
7,200
423,000
$ 44,100
DRIFTWOOD REALTY
Retained earnings, August 1, 2010 ...................................
Net income for August.......................................................
Less dividends ...................................................................
Increase in retained earnings............................................
Retained earnings, August 31, 2010 .................................
$ 76,100
$44,100
18,000
26,100
$102,200
DRIFTWOOD REALTY
Balance Sheet
August 31, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Total assets .....................
Liabilities
$ 29,700
128,700
18,000
$176,400

Stockholders Equity
Capital stock............. $ 40,000

102,200
Total stockholders
equity ...................................... 142,200
17
Ex. 126
a. 2007: $27,233 ($52,263 $25,030)
2006: $17,496 ($44,405 $26,909)
b. 2007: 1.09 ($27,233 $25,030)
2006: 0.65 ($17,496 $26,909)
c.
The ratio of liabilities to stockholders equity increased from 2006 to 2007, indicating an increase in risk for creditors. However, the assets of The Home
Depot are more than sufficient to satisfy creditor claims.
Ex. 127
a. 2007: $15,725 ($27,767 $12,042)
2006: $14,296 ($24,639 $10,343)
b. 2007: 0.77 ($12,042 $15,725)
2006: 0.72 ($10,343 $14,296)
c.
The margin of safety for creditors has remained approximately the same from
2006 to 2007. In both years, creditors have less at stake in Lowes than do
stockholders, since the ratio is less than 1.
d. Lowes ratio of liabilities to stockholders equity is less than 1. In comparison,

Home Depots ratio of liabilities to stockholders equity has increased from
2006 and is greater than 1 for 2007. Thus, the creditors of Home Depot are
more at risk than are the creditors of Lowes.
18
PROBLEMS
Prob. 11A
1.
Assets
Cash
a.
b.
Bal.
c.
Bal.
d.
Bal.
e.
Bal.
f.
Bal.
g.
Bal.
h.
Bal.
i.
Bal.
j.
Bal.
2.
Accts.
Accts.
Capital
+ Rec. + Supplies = Payable + Stock
+ 50,000
Fees
Rent
Sal.
Supp.
Auto
Misc.
Dividends + Earned Exp. Exp. Exp. Exp. Exp.
+ 50,000
+ 1,600
1,600
1,600
+ 1,600
1,600
500
1,100
1,600
1,100
50,000
1,600
1,100
50,000
2,500
9,250 2,500
1,600
1,100
50,000
9,250 2,500
900
900
300
300
1,600
1,050
550
1,100
50,000
1,900
9,250 2,500 1,900
900
300
1,100
50,000
+ 11,150
11,150
550
1,100
50,000
11,150
550
1,100
50,000
50,000
500
49,500
9,250
58,750
2,500
56,250
1,200
55,050
1,900
53,150
53,150
53,150
2,700
50,450
Stockholders
Equity
= Liabilities +
50,000
50,000
+ 9,250
9,250
2,700
2,700
1,050
9,250 2,500 1,900 1,050
+ 11,150
20,400 2,500 1,900 1,050
900
300
900
300
20,400 2,500 1,900 1,050
900
300
Stockholders equity is the right of stockholders to the assets of the business. These rights are increased by
stockholders investments and revenues and decreased by dividends and expenses.
19
Prob. 12A
1.
HEAVENLY TRAVEL SERVICE

Income Statement
For the Year Ended April 30, 2010
Fees earned ........................................................................

Expenses:
Wages expense ...........................................................
Rent expense...............................................................
Utilities expense..........................................................
Taxes expense.............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
2.
$600,000
$232,640
80,900
49,150
13,200
10,250
5,000
391,140
$208,860

For the Year Ended April 30, 2010
Retained earnings, May 1, 2009 ........................................

Net income for the year .....................................................
Less dividends ...................................................................
Retained earnings, April 30, 2010 .....................................
3.
$ 30,540
$208,860
25,000
183,860
$214,400

Balance Sheet
April 30, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Total assets .....................
Liabilities
$159,200
78,000
6,800
$244,000

Stockholders Equity
Capital stock............. $ 15,000

214,400
Total stockholders
equity ...................................... 229,400
20
Prob. 13A
1.
OMH COMPUTER SERVICES
Income Statement
For the Month Ended July 31, 2010
Fees earned ........................................................................
Expenses:
Salaries expense .........................................................
Rent expense...............................................................
Auto expense...............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$ 50,250
$ 12,000
8,000
3,875
1,525
1,875
27,275
$ 22,975
2.
Retained earnings, July 1, 2010 ........................................
Net income for July ............................................................
Less dividends ...................................................................
Retained earnings, July 31, 2010 ......................................
$22,975
7,500
15,475
$15,475
3.
Balance Sheet
July 31, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Total assets .....................
Liabilities
$ 25,000
20,750
1,075
$ 46,825
Accounts payable ....................
$ 1,350
Stockholders Equity
Capital stock.............
$30,000
15,475
Total stockholders
equity ....................................
stockholders equity ............
21
45,475
$46,825
Prob. 13A Concluded

4. (Optional)
Cash received from customers..................................
Deduct cash payments for expenses
and payments to creditors......................................
Net cash flow from operating activities ....................
$ 29,500
27,000*
$ 2,500
Cash flows from investing activities: ...............................

Cash received from issuing capital stock.................
Deduct cash dividends ...............................................
Net cash flow from financing activities.....................
Net cash flow and July 31, 2010, cash balance ...............
*$8,000 + $1,250 + $5,750 + $12,000
22
0
$ 30,000
7,500
22,500
$ 25,000
Prob. 14A
1.
Assets
Cash
a.
b.
Bal.
c.
Bal.
d.
Bal.
e.
Bal.
f.
Bal.
g.
Bal.
h.
Bal.
i.
Bal.
= Liabilities +
Accts.
Capital
+ Supplies = Payable + Stock Dividends +
+ 25,000
3,200
21,800
2,000
19,800
Sales
Comm.
Office
Sal.
Exp.
Rent
Exp.
Auto
Exp.
Supp.
Exp.
Misc.
Exp.
+25,000
25,000
25,000
+
19,800
+ 24,000
43,800
400
43,400
3,600
39,800
3,000
36,800
900
900
900
900
25,000
3,200
3,200
3,200
1,200
1,200
800
800
3,200
1,200
800
3,200
1,200
800
3,200
1,200
800
25,000
900
900
400
500
+ 24,000
24,000
25,000
24,000
900
500
25,000
24,000
3,600
3,600
3,200
1,200
800
900
750
150
500
25,000
3,000
3,000
24,000
3,600
3,200
1,200
800
500
25,000
3,000
24,000
3,600
3,200
1,200
800
900
36,800
Stockholders
Equity
23
750
750
Prob. 14A Concluded

2.
COYOTE REALTY
Income Statement
Expenses:
Rent expense...............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$24,000
$3,600
3,200
1,200
750
800
9,550
$14,450
COYOTE REALTY
Retained earnings, April 1, 2010 .......................................
Net income for April ...........................................................
Less dividends ...................................................................
Retained earnings, April 30, 2010 .....................................
$14,450
3,000
11,450
$11,450
COYOTE REALTY
Balance Sheet
April 30, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Liabilities
$ 36,800
150
Accounts payable ......................
500
Stockholders Equity
Total assets .....................
$ 36,950
$25,000
11,450
Total stockholders
equity ......................................
stockholders equity ..............
24
36,450
$ 36,950
Prob. 15A
1.
Assets
Cash
Accounts
+ Receivable + Supplies + Land
34,200 +
40,000
5,000
Stockholders
Equity
Liabilities
Accounts
Payable
Capital Stock + Retained

+
Earnings
+ 50,000 =
16,400
+ 10,000 + Retained Earnings
129,200
16,400
102,800
25
Retained Earnings
Prob. 15A Continued

2.
Assets
Cash
Bal.
a.
Bal.
b.
Bal.
c.
Bal.
d.
Bal.
e.
Bal.
f.
Bal.
g.
Bal.
h.
Bal.
i.
Bal.
j.
Bal.
k.
Bal.
l.
Bal.
34,200
+ 35,000
69,200
30,000
39,200
4,500
34,700
Accounts
+ Receivable + Supplies +
= Liabilities +
Land
102,800
16,400
45,000
102,800
80,000
16,400
45,000
102,800
5,000
80,000
45,000
102,800
5,000
+ 2,800
7,800
80,000
45,000
102,800
80,000
16,400
9,000
7,400
+ 2,800
10,200
45,000
102,800
58,250
27,800
30,450
7,800
80,000
10,200
45,000
102,800
7,800
80,000
45,000
102,800
85,250
12,500
72,750
30,450
7,800
80,000
10,200
+ 14,800
25,000
45,000
102,800
30,450
80,000
25,000
45,000
102,800
72,750
10,000
62,750
30,450
7,800
4,250
3,550
80,000
25,000
45,000
102,800
25,700
+ 31,750
57,450
+ 27,800
85,250
5,000
50,000
40,000
5,000
40,000
5,000
50,000
+ 30,000
80,000
40,000
+ 18,250
58,250
5,000
58,250
Accounts Capital Retained

= Payable + Stock + Earnings Dividends
10,000
+ 35,000
16,400
45,000
34,700
9,000
25,700
40,000
Stockholders
Equity
58,250
30,450
3,550
80,000
26
16,400
25,000
45,000
102,800
102,800
10,000
10,000
Prob. 15A Continued
Stockholders Equity (Continued)

Dry
Dry
Cleaning Cleaning
Wages
+ Revenue Exp. Exp.
Bal.
a.
Bal.
b.
Bal.
c.
Bal.
d.
Bal.
e.
Bal.
f.
Bal.
g.
Bal.
h.
Bal.
i.
Bal.
j.
Bal.
k.
Bal.
l.
Bal.
Rent
Exp.
4,500
4,500
+ 18,250
18,250
4,500
18,250
4,500
18,250
+ 31,750
50,000
4,500
4,500
4,500
8,200
8,200
4,500
50,000
50,000
14,800
14,800
50,000
14,800
Supplies
Exp.
4,500
50,000
14,800
8,200
4,500
50,000
14,800
8,200
4,500
27
Truck
Exp.
Utilities
Exp.
Misc.
Exp.
1,875
1,875
1,575
1,575
850
850
4,250
4,250
1,875
1,575
850
4,250
1,875
1,575
850
Prob. 15A
Continued
3.
COLFAX DRY CLEANERS
Income Statement
For the Month Ended November 30, 2010
Dry cleaning revenue .........................................................
Expenses:
Dry cleaning expense .................................................
Wages expense ...........................................................
Rent expense...............................................................
Truck expense .............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$50,000
$ 14,800
8,200
4,500
4,250
1,875
1,575
850
36,050
$13,950
COLFAX DRY CLEANERS

Retained earnings, November 1, 2010................................
Net income for November....................................................
Less dividends .....................................................................
Increase in retained earnings..............................................
Retained earnings, November 30, 2010..............................
$102,800
$ 13,950
10,000
3,950
$106,750
COLFAX DRY CLEANERS

Balance Sheet
November 30, 2010
Assets
Liabilities
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Land..................................
$ 62,750
30,450
3,550
80,000
Total assets .....................
$176,750

Stockholders Equity
Capital stock............. $ 45,000

106,750
Total stockholders
equity ....................................
151,750
28
Prob. 15A Concluded

4. (Optional)
COLFAX DRY CLEANERS
$ 59,550*
26,000**
$ 33,550

Purchase of land .........................................................
Increase in cash .................................................................
Cash balance, November 1, 2010......................................
Cash balance, November 30, 2010....................................
*$31,750 + $27,800
**$4,500 + $9,000 + $12,500
29
(30,000)
$ 35,000
10,000
25,000
$ 28,550
34,200
$ 62,750
Prob. 16A
a. Wages expense, $54,825 ($121,890 $24,480 $20,400 $13,770 $8,415)
b. Net income, $117,810 ($239,700 $121,890)
c.
Retained earnings, July 1, 2010, $0
d. Net income for July, $117,810

e.
Dividends, $61,200; from statement of cash flows
f.
Increase in retained earnings, $56,610 ($117,810 $61,200)
g. Retained earnings, July 31, 2010, $56,610

h. Land, $367,200; from statement of cash flows
i.
Total assets, $527,850
j.
Capital stock, $459,000; from statement of cash flows
k.
Retained earnings, $56,610
l.
Total stockholders equity, $515,610
m. Total liabilities and stockholders equity, $527,850 ($12,240 + $515,610)

n. Cash received from customers, $239,700; this is the same as fees earned
since there are no accounts receivable.
o. Net cash flow from operating activities, $119,850 ($239,700 $119,850)
p. Net cash flow from financing activities, $397,800 ($459,000 $61,200)
q. Net cash flow and July 31, 2010, cash balance, $150,450
30
Prob. 11B
1.
Assets
Cash
a.
+ 30,000
b.
Bal.
30,000
c.
+ 3,600
Bal.
33,600
d.
1,300
Bal.
32,300
e.
500
Bal.
31,800
f.
Bal.
31,800
g.
700
Bal.
31,100
h.
1,000
Bal.
30,100
i.
Bal.
30,100
j.
2,000
Bal.
28,100
2.
Stockholders
Equity
= Liabilities +
Accts.
Accts.
Capital
+ Rec. + Supplies = Payable + Stock
Fees
Rent
Sal.
Supp.
Auto
Misc.
Dividends + Earned Exp. Exp. Exp. Exp. Exp.
+ 30,000
+ 1,750
1,750
+ 1,750
1,750
30,000
1,750
1,750
30,000
+ 3,600
3,600
1,750
30,000
3,600
1,750
1,750
500
1,250
30,000
1,750
1,250
30,000
3,600
+ 4,800
8,400
+ 4,800
4,800
4,800
1,750
4,800
4,800
4,800
1,750
950
800
800
1,250
1,250
1,250
1,250
30,000
8,400
30,000
8,400
30,000
2,000
2,000
30,000
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,300
1,000
1,000
8,400
1,300
1,000
950
950
8,400
1,300
1,000
950
500
500
200
200
500
200
500
200
500
200
Stockholders equity is the right of stockholders to the assets of the business. These rights are increased by
stockholders investments and revenues and decreased by dividends and expenses.
31
Prob. 12B
1.
ST. KITTS TRAVEL AGENCY

Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2010
Fees earned ........................................................................

Expenses:
Wages expense ...........................................................
Rent expense...............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
2.
$125,000
$32,500
12,500
9,100
1,400
750
56,250
$ 68,750

For the Year Ended December 31, 2010
Retained earnings, January 1, 2010..................................

Net income for the year .....................................................
Less dividends ...................................................................
Retained earnings, December 31, 2010 ............................
3.
$35,000
$68,750
7,500
61,250
$96,250

Balance Sheet
December 31, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Total assets .....................
Liabilities
$ 90,000
21,150
1,350
$112,500
Accounts payable ...................... $
6,250
Stockholders Equity
$10,000
96,250
Total stockholders
equity ...................................... 106,250
32
Prob. 13B
1.
FAIR PLAY FINANCIAL SERVICES
Income Statement
For the Month Ended January 31, 2010
Fees earned ........................................................................
Expenses:
Salaries expense .........................................................
Rent expense...............................................................
Auto expense...............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$39,500
$ 16,000
7,500
4,500
1,500
1,200
30,700
$ 8,800
2.
Retained earnings, 2010 ....................................................
Net income for January .....................................................
Less dividends ...................................................................
Retained earnings, January 31, 2010................................
$8,800
5,000
3,800
$3,800
3.
Balance Sheet
January 31, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Total assets .....................
Liabilities
$ 8,200
11,500
680
$20,380
$ 1,580
Stockholders Equity
$15,000
3,800
Total stockholders
equity ......................................
33
18,800
$20,380
Prob. 13B Concluded

4. (Optional)
Net cash flow used for operating activities .............
$ 28,000
29,800*
$ (1,800)
Cash flows from investing activities ................................

Net cash flow and January 31, 2010, cash balance.........
*$600 + $7,500 + $5,700 + $16,000
34
0
$ 15,000
5,000
10,000
$ 8,200
Prob. 14B
1.
Assets
Cash
a.
b.
Bal.
c.
Bal.
d.
Bal.
e.
Bal.
f.
Bal.
g.
Bal.
h.
Bal.
i.
Bal.
Accts.
Capital
+ Supplies = Payable + Stock Dividends +
+ 20,000
20,000
1,600
18,400
28,750
47,150
4,200
42,950
5,000
37,950
3,700
34,250
10,000
24,250
24,250
Stockholders
Equity
= Liabilities +
Sales
Comm.
Office
Sal.
Exp.
Rent
Auto
Exp. Exp.
Supp.
Exp.
Misc.
Exp.
+20,000
+ 2,650
+ 2,650
2,650
+ 2,650
2,650
1,600
1,050
2,650
1,050
20,000
+ 28,750
28,750
2,650
1,050
20,000
28,750
4,200
4,200
2,650
1,050
20,000
28,750
4,200
20,000
20,000
5,000
5,000
2,650
1,050
20,000
5,000
2,650
1,650
1,000
1,050
20,000
5,000
1,050
20,000
28,750
10,000
28,750 10,000
5,000
28,750 10,000
35
4,200
2,500
2,500
4,200
2,500
4,200
2,500
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,650
1,650
1,200
Prob. 14B Concluded

2.
ROYAL REALTY
Income Statement
Expenses:
Rent expense...............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$28,750
$10,000
4,200
2,500
1,650
1,200
19,550
$ 9,200
ROYAL REALTY
Retained earnings, August 1, 2010 ...................................
Net income for August.......................................................
Less dividends ...................................................................
Retained earnings, August 31, 2010 .................................
$9,200
5,000
4,200
$4,200
ROYAL REALTY
Balance Sheet
August 31, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Liabilities
$24,250
1,000
$ 1,050
Stockholders Equity
Total assets .....................
$25,250
$20,000
4,200
Total stockholders
equity ......................................
36
24,200
$25,250
Prob. 15B
1.
Assets
Cash
Accounts
+ Receivable + Supplies + Land
17,000 +
31,000
3,200
Stockholders
Equity
Liabilities
Accounts
Payable
Capital Stock + Retained

+
Earnings
+ 36,000 =
10,400
87,200
10,400
41,800
37
Retained Earnings
Prob. 15B
Continued
2.
Assets
Cash
Bal.
a.
Bal.
b.
Bal.
c.
Bal.
d.
Bal.
e.
Bal.
f.
Bal.
g.
Bal.
h.
Bal.
i.
Bal.
j.
Bal.
k.
Bal.
l.
Bal.
17,000
+ 25,000
42,000
24,000
18,000
+ 19,500
37,500
3,000
34,500
34,500
5,100
29,400
29,400
29,400
8,050
21,350
+ 26,750
48,100
48,100
18,000
30,100
Accounts
+ Receivable + Supplies +
= Liabilities +
Land
31,000
3,200
36,000
31,000
3,200
31,000
3,200
36,000
+ 24,000
60,000
31,000
3,200
31,000
Stockholders
Equity
Accounts Capital Retained

= Payable + Stock + Earnings Dividends
35,000
+ 25,000
10,400
60,000
41,800
10,400
60,000
41,800
60,000
10,400
60,000
41,800
3,200
+ 1,550
4,750
60,000
60,000
41,800
60,000
41,800
31,000
+ 24,750
55,750
4,750
60,000
10,400
+ 1,550
11,950
5,100
6,850
60,000
41,800
4,750
60,000
60,000
41,800
55,750
4,750
60,000
6,850
+ 8,200
15,050
60,000
41,800
55,750
26,750
29,000
4,750
60,000
15,050
60,000
41,800
4,750
2,950
1,800
60,000
15,050
60,000
41,800
60,000
15,050
60,000
41,800
31,000
29,000
29,000
1,800
60,000
60,000
38
10,400
15,050
60,000
41,800
41,800
18,000
18,000
Prob. 15B
Continued

Dry
Dry
Cleaning Cleaning
Wages
+ Revenue Exp. Exp.
Bal.
a.
Bal.
b.
Bal.
c.
Bal.
d.
Bal.
e.
Bal.
f.
Bal.
g.
Bal.
h.
Bal.
i.
Bal.
j.
Bal.
k.
Bal.
l.
Bal.
Rent
Exp.
Supplies
Exp.
Truck
Exp.
Utilities
Exp.
Misc.
Exp.
+ 19,500
19,500
19,500
3,000
3,000
19,500
3,000
19,500
+ 24,750
44,250
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
44,250
8,200
8,200
44,250
5,100
8,200 5,100
44,250
8,200 5,100
3,000
44,250
8,200 5,100
3,000
44,250
8,200 5,100
3,000
39
1,200
1,200
800
800
950
950
2,950
2,950
1,200
800
950
1,200
800
950
2,950
1,200
800
950
Prob. 15B Continued

3.
SWAN DRY CLEANERS
Income Statement
Dry cleaning revenue .........................................................
Expenses:
Dry cleaning expense .................................................
Wages expense ...........................................................
Rent expense...............................................................
Truck expense .............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$ 44,250
$8,200
5,100
3,000
2,950
1,200
800
950
22,200
$ 22,050
SWAN DRY CLEANERS

Retained earnings, July 1, 2010 ..........................................
Net income for July ..............................................................
Less dividends .....................................................................
Increase in retained earnings..............................................
Retained earnings, July 31, 2010 ........................................
$41,800
$22,050
18,000
4,050
$45,850
SWAN DRY CLEANERS

Balance Sheet
July 31, 2010
Assets
Liabilities
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Land..................................
$ 30,100
29,000
1,800
60,000
Total assets .....................
$120,900

Stockholders Equity
$60,000
45,850
Total stockholders
equity ...................................... 105,850
40
Prob. 15B Concluded

4. (Optional)
SWAN DRY CLEANERS
$46,250*
16,150**
$ 30,100

Purchase of land .........................................................
Increase in cash .................................................................
Cash balance, July 1, 2010 ................................................
Cash balance, July 31, 2010 ..............................................
*$19,500 + $26,750
**$3,000 + $5,100 + $8,050
41
(24,000)
$25,000
18,000
7,000
$ 13,100
17,000
$ 30,100
Prob. 16B
a. Fees earned, $180,000 ($74,400 + $105,600)
b. Supplies expense, $18,000 ($105,600 $51,000 $19,200 $10,800 $6,600)
c.
Retained earnings, November 1, 2010, $0
d. Net income for November, $74,400

e.
Increase in retained earnings, $38,400 ($74,400 $36,000)
f.
Retained earnings, November 30, 2010, $38,400
g. Total assets, $288,000 ($26,700 + $21,300 + $240,000)

h. Retained earnings, $38,400; same as (f)
i.
Total stockholders equity, $278,400 ($240,000 + $38,400)
j.
Total liabilities and stockholders equity, $288,000
k. Cash received from customers, $180,000; this is the same as fees earned (a)
since there are no accounts receivable.
l.
Net cash flow from operating activities, $62,700 ($180,000 $117,300)
m. Cash payments for acquisition of land, ($240,000); from balance sheet

n. Cash received from issuing stock, $240,000; from balance sheet
o. Cash dividends, ($36,000); from retained earnings statement
p. Net cash flow from financing activities, $204,000 ($240,000 $36,000)
q. Net cash flow and November 30, 2010, cash balance, $26,700
42
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43
CONTINUING PROBLEM
1.
Assets
Cash
June 1
2
Bal.
June 2
Bal.
June 4
Bal.
June 6
Bal.
June 8
Bal.
June 12
Bal.
June 13
Bal.
June 16
Bal.
June 22
Bal.
June 25
Bal.
June 29
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
Accounts
+ Receivable
Supplies
= Liabilities +
Stockholders Equity
Accounts
= Payable +
Capital
Fees
Stock Dividends + Earned
8,000
+ 2,400
10,400
750
9,650
8,000
8,000
+ 2,400
2,400
8,000
2,400
350
350
8,000
2,400
350
350
8,000
2,400
350
350
8,000
2,400
350
8,000
2,400
350
350
100
250
8,000
350
250
8,000
+ 1,350
1,350
350
250
8,000
1,350
350
250
8,000
2,400
+ 400
2,800
+ 1,350
4,150
+ 500
4,650
1,350
350
250
8,000
1,350
350
250
8,000
4,650
+ 1,000
5,650
1,350
350
250
8,000
5,650
1,350
250
8,000
5,650
1,350
350
180
170
250
8,000
5,650
1,350
170
250
8,000
5,650
1,350
170
250
8,000
5,650
1,350
170
250
8,000
9,650
600
9,050
500
8,550
250
8,300
100
8,200
400
8,600
8,600
500
9,100
240
8,860
1,000
9,860
400
9,460
300
9,160
9,160
150
9,010
800
8,210
200
8,010
350
350
44
200
200
5,650
Continuing Problem
Continued
June 1
2
Bal.
June 2
Bal.
June 4
Bal.
June 6
Bal.
June 8
Bal.
June 12
Bal.
June 13
Bal.
June 16
Bal.
June 22
Bal.
June 25
Bal.
June 29
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
June 30
Bal.
Music
Exp.
Office
Equip.
AdverRent
Rent
tising
Exp. Exp. Exp.
750
750
750
750
600
600
600
750
500
500
250
250
750
500
600
250
750
500
600
250
750
500
600
250
750
500
600
250
240
490
750
500
600
750
500
600
490
750
500
600
490
490
490
750
750
750
500
500
500
600
600
600
Wages
Utilities
Supplies
Exp. Exp.
Exp.
Misc.
Exp.
400
400
400
400
300
300
300
180
180
490
800
1,290
750
500
600
400
300
180
150
150
750
500
600
400
300
180
150
1,290
750
500
600
400
300
180
150
45
Continuing Problem
Concluded
2.
MUSIC DEPOT
Income Statement
For the Month Ended June 30, 2010
Fees earned ........................................................................
Expenses:
Music expense.............................................................
Office rent expense.....................................................
Advertising expense ...................................................
Equipment rent expense.............................................
Wages expense ...........................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$5,650
$1,290
750
600
500
400
300
180
150
4,170
$1,480
3.
MUSIC DEPOT
Retained earnings, June 1, 2010 .......................................
Net income for June...........................................................
Less dividends ...................................................................
Retained earnings, June 30, 2010 .....................................
$1,480
200
1,280
$1,280
4.
MUSIC DEPOT
Balance Sheet
June 30, 2010
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Total assets .....................
Liabilities
$8,010
1,350
170
$9,530
$ 250
Stockholders Equity
$8,000
1,280
Total stockholders
equity ......................................
46
9,280
$9,530
SPECIAL ACTIVITIES
Activity 11
1.
Acceptable professional conduct requires that Blake Gillis supply American

National Bank with all the relevant financial statements necessary for the
bank to make an informed decision. Therefore, Blake should provide the complete set of financial statements. These can be supplemented with a discussion of the net loss in the past year or other data explaining why granting the
loan is a good investment by the bank.
2.
a. Owners are generally willing to provide bankers with information about the
operating and financial condition of the business, such as the following:
Operating Information:
Description of business operations
Results of past operations
Preliminary results of current operations
Plans for future operations
Financial Condition:
List of assets and liabilities (balance sheet)
Estimated current values of assets
Owners personal investment in the business
Owners commitment to invest additional funds in the business
Owners are normally reluctant to provide the following types of information to bankers:
Proprietary Operating Information. Such information, which might hurt
the business if it becomes known by competitors, might include special
processes used by the business or future plans to expand operations
into areas that are not currently served by a competitor.
Personal Financial Information. Owners may have little choice here because banks often require owners of small businesses to pledge their
personal assets as security for a business loan. Personal financial information requested by bankers often includes the owners net worth,
salary, and other income. In addition, bankers usually request information about factors that might affect the personal financial condition of
the owner. For example, a pending divorce by the owner might significantly affect the owners personal wealth.
47
Activity 11
Concluded
b. Bankers typically want as much information as possible about the ability

of the business and the owner to repay the loan with interest. Examples of
such information are described above.
c. Both bankers and business owners share the common interest of the
business doing well and being successful. If the business is successful,
the bankers will receive their loan payments on time with interest, and the
owners will increase their personal wealth.
Activity 12
The difference in the two bank balances, $45,000 ($75,000 $30,000), may not be
pure profit from an accounting perspective. To determine the accounting profit
for the six-month period, the revenues for the period would need to be matched
with the related expenses. The revenues minus the expenses would indicate
whether the business generated net income (profit) or a net loss for the period.
Using only the difference between the two bank account balances ignores such
factors as amounts due from customers (receivables), liabilities (accounts payable) that need to be paid for wages or other operating expenses, additional
investments that Dr. Hendley may have made in the business during the period,
or dividends paid during the period.
Some businesses that have few, if any, receivables or payables may use a cash
basis of accounting. The cash basis of accounting ignores receivables and payables because they are assumed to be insignificant in amount. However, even
with the cash basis of accounting, additional investments during the period and
any dividends paid during the period have to be considered in determining the
net income (profit) or net loss for the period.
48
Activity 13
1.
Assets
Cash
a.
b.
Bal.
c.
Bal.
d.
Bal.
e.
Bal.
f.
Bal.
g.
Bal.
h.
Bal.
i.
Bal.
j.
Bal.
k.
Bal.
+ 1,250
250
1,000
150
850
100
750
+ 1,500
2,250
+
400
2,650
600
2,050
120
1,930
+
800
2,730
Amber
Amber
Accts.
Keck,
Keck,
Service
Salary
Rent
+ Supplies = Payable + Capital Drawing + Revenue Expense Expense
2,730
270
2,460
Supplies
Expense
Misc.
Expense
+ 1,250
+
250
250
1,250
250
1,250
+
250
100
100
1,250
250
100
1,250
250
100
1,250
250
250
100
100
+ 1,500
1,500
+
400
1,900
1,250
1,900
1,250
+
Owners
Equity
= Liabilities +
250
100
150
150
100
100
100
1,250
1,250
1,250
270
270
49
1,900
800
2,700
600
600
150
150
200
350
350
350
350
600
350
600
350
2,700
600
350
2,700
600
350
120
120
120
100
100
120
100
120
Activity 13 Continued
2.
DEUCE
Income Statement
Service revenue..................................................................
Expenses:
Salary expense ............................................................
Rent expense...............................................................
Total expenses.........................................................
Net income..........................................................................
$2,700
$600
350
100
120
1,170
$1,530
3.
DEUCE
Statement of Owners Equity
Amber Keck, capital, June 1, 2009....................................
Investment on June 1, 2009...............................................
Net income for June...........................................................
Less withdrawals ...............................................................
Increase in owners equity ................................................
Amber Keck, capital, June 30, 2009..................................
$1,250
1,530
$2,780
270
2,510
$2,510
4.
DEUCE
Balance Sheet
June 30, 2009
Assets
Cash .................................
Supplies ...........................
Liabilities
$2,460
150
Accounts payable ..........
$ 100
Owners Equity
Total assets .....................
Amber Keck, capital.......

owners equity............
$2,610
50
2,510
$2,610
Activity 13 Concluded
5.
a. Deuce would provide Amber with $570 more income per month than working as a waitress. This amount is computed as follows:
Net income of Deuce, per month ...........................................
Earnings as waitress, per month:
30 hours per week $8 per hour 4 weeks .....................
Difference.................................................................................
$1,530
960
$ 570
b. Other factors that Amber should consider before discussing a long-term

arrangement with the North Fulton Tennis Club include the following:
Amber should consider whether the results of operations for June are indicative of what to expect each month. For example, Amber should consider whether club members will continue to request lessons or use the
ball machine during the winter months when interest in tennis may
slacken. Amber should evaluate whether the additional income of $570 per
month from Deuce is worth the risk being taken and the effort being expended.
Amber should also consider how much her investment in Deuce could
have earned if invested elsewhere. For example, if the initial investment of
$1,250 had been deposited in a money market or savings account at 4% interest, it would have earned $4.17 interest in June, or $50 for the year.
Note to Instructors: Numerous other considerations could be mentioned
by students, such as the ability of Amber to withdraw cash from Deuce for
personal use. Unlike a money market account or savings account, some of
her investment in Deuce will be in the form of supplies (tennis balls, etc.),
which may not be readily convertible to cash. The objective of this case is
not to mention all possible considerations, but rather to encourage students to begin thinking about the use of accounting information in making
business decisions.
Activity 14
Note to Instructors: The purpose of this activity is to familiarize students with the
certification requirements and their online availability.
51
Activity 15
First
Year
negative
negative
positive
Net cash flows from operating activities

Net cash flows from investing activities
Net cash flows from financing activities
Second
Year
positive
negative
positive
Third
Year
positive
negative
positive
Start-up companies normally experience negative cash flows from operating and
investing activities. Also, start-up companies normally have positive cash flows
from financing activitiesactivities from raising capital.
Activity 16
As can be seen from the balance sheet data in the case, Enron was financed
largely by debt as compared to equity. Specifically, Enrons stockholders equity
represented only 17.5% ($11,470 divided by $65,503) of Enrons total assets. The
remainder of Enrons total assets, 82.5%, was financed by debt. When a company
is financed largely by debt, it is said to be highly leveraged.
In late 2001 and early 2002, allegations arose as to possible misstatements of Enrons financial statements. These allegations revolved around the use of special
purpose entities (partnerships) and related party transactions. The use of special purpose entities allowed Enron to hide a significant amount of additional debt
off its balance sheet. The result was that Enrons total assets were even more financed by debt than the balance sheet indicated.
After the allegations of misstatements became public, Enrons stock rapidly declined, and the company filed for bankruptcy. Subsequently, numerous lawsuits
were filed against the company and its management. In addition, the Securities
and Exchange Commission, the Justice Department, and Congress launched investigations into Enron. As a result, several of Enrons top executives faced
criminal prosecution and were sentenced to prison.
Note to Instructors: The role of the auditors and board of directors of Enron might
also be discussed. However, these topics are not covered in Chapter 1 but are
covered in later chapters.
52

Chap 01

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Chap 01

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CHAPTER 1

1. The objective of most businesses is to earn

Total assets .....................

Accounts payable ...................... $ 42,000

Capital stock............. $111,000

Total assets .....................

Accounts payable ....................

Capital stock............. $ 65,000

$13,494 $2,589 = $10,905

Total assets increased $140,000.

Stockholders equity (retained earnings) increased $140,000.

Total assets decreased $80,000.

Total liabilities decreased $80,000.

No change in stockholders equity (retained earnings).

Provided catering services for cash, $35,000.

Purchase of land for cash, $15,000.

Payment of expenses, $26,000.

Purchase of supplies on account, $1,500.

Paid dividends, $2,000.

Payment of cash to creditors, $7,200.

Recognition of cost of supplies used, $3,000.

b. $15,200 ($30,000 $14,800)

Stockholders equity at end of year ($268,200 $117,000) ...

Stockholders equity at end of year ($350,000 $110,000) ...

Deduct additional issuance of capital stock ..........................

Stockholders equity at end of year ($248,000 $136,000) ...

Total assets .....................

Accounts payable ...................... $ 46,200

Capital stock............. $ 50,000

Total assets .....................

Accounts payable ...................... $ 49,800

Capital stock............. $ 50,000

Stockholders equity, November 30.............................

Stockholders equity, November 30.............................

Ex. 125 Concluded

Total assets .....................

Accounts payable ...................... $ 34,200

Capital stock............. $ 40,000

d. Lowes ratio of liabilities to stockholders equity is less than 1. In comparison,

20,400 2,500 1,900 1,050

HEAVENLY TRAVEL SERVICE

Fees earned ........................................................................

HEAVENLY TRAVEL SERVICE

Retained earnings, May 1, 2009 ........................................

HEAVENLY TRAVEL SERVICE

Total assets .....................

Accounts payable ...................... $ 14,600

Capital stock............. $ 15,000

Total assets .....................

Accounts payable ....................

Prob. 13A Concluded

Cash flows from investing activities: ...............................

Prob. 14A Concluded

Accounts payable ......................

Total assets .....................

Capital Stock + Retained

+ 10,000 + Retained Earnings

+ 10,000 + Retained Earnings

Prob. 15A Continued

Accounts Capital Retained

Prob. 15A Continued

Stockholders Equity (Continued)

COLFAX DRY CLEANERS